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PRESENTED
TO THE
National Museum
MCMV
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THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
LONDON :
PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTOX, LIMITED,
ST. JOHN'S HOUSE, OLERKENWELL ROAD.
^
qu
55G
v-
3
THE
Er^\-
LEPIDOPTERA of CEYLON.
BY
f: mooee, f.z.s.
ASSOCIATE OF THE LINNEaM SOCIEIT OF LONDON ; FELLOW OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDOX
COEEESPONDING MEJIEER OF THE ENIOM. SOC. OF STETTIN, AND OF THE ENTOM. SOC. OF THE
NETHERLANDS; ASSOCIATE IIEMBEE OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
VOL. III.
(Pi'Mished under the special Patronage of the Government of Ceylon.)
LONDON:
L. EEEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1884-7.
CONTENTS OF VOL. III.
HETEROCERA iContinued).
MIL
T Cymatophoeidji;
»)
BoMBTCOIDJi:
)}
LBDCANIIDiE .
j>
Glottulidj; .
5»
Apamiid^
95
Caradrinid^
55
ISTOGTUID^ .
5)
ORTHOSIIDiE .
))
Hadenid^ .
5>
Xylinid^e
35
HiEMEROSIlD^
9)
ACONTIID^ .
5J
HeLI0THID2E .
5)
ANTHOPHILIDiE
J)
Palindid^ .
))
BRIOPIDiE
J>
BuRHIPIDiE ,
J>
PLUSIIDiE
J>
Calpidj!
5)
Hemicekid^ .
3)
Hybl^idj) .
)>
GONOPTEEID^
JJ
Ophiusid^ .
J>
Homopteeid.^
J»
Hypogeammid^
5J
Catephiid^ .
PAGE
1
3
6
12
14
29
31
35
36
39
40
41
50
52
58
69
61
68
76
79
80
83
88
90
98
112
Family Hypocalid^ .
„ Catocalidj! ,
,, Ophideeid^ .
„ Phyllodid^
,, Erebiid^
„ OMMATOPHOEIDiE
„ Hypopyrid* ,
,, BeND1D2E
„ DYSG0NiiD^(Ophiuside,
„ TlNOLIID^ .
„ euclidiid^ .
„ Poaphilid^ .
„ Remigiid^ .
,, focillid^ .
„ Theemesiid^
„ Amphigoniid^
,, Plat YD iD^
„ HyPENIDiE
„ HEEMINIIDiE
PYRALIDyE
PHYCITIDiE
GALLEEIIDiE
Ceambid^
Ennomidji:
EROSIIDiE
OXYDIID^
Guen.)
PAGE
125
127
130
136
140
141
149
155
156
184
185
187
189
191
200
213
215
217
230
254
357
374
376
390
398
404
vi
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
Family AMPHiDASiDiE
,
406
Family Larentiid^ .... 477
„ BOAKMIID.E .
,
408
„ Nycteolid^ .
. 489
„ EUSCHEMID/E .
.
421
,, Tortkicid.t; .
. 491
„ GeOMETKID/E .
.
424
„ CHOREUTIDJi .
. 496
„ Palyad.e
.
438
„ LiPUSID.E
497
,, Ctclophoeid.e
(Epliyi'idaj,
,, TiNEIDJi;
498
Guen.)
.
441
„ Gelechiid^ .
507
„ IvsiWM (Acidalid
se, Guen.) .
447
„ Gracilarid.e
524
„ MlCIiONIID.E .
.
459
„ ELACHISTIDiE
525
„ CABERIIDiE .
.
402
„ Lyojsetid-e .
526
„ Macaeiid.i; .
.
464
,. Pterophorid.e
526
,, FlDONIID^ .
.
470
„ PAKTHEEIDiE
(ZerenidiK,
Guen.) .
.
476
Appendix
.
.
529
DESCEIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 144.
Fig. 1. Risoba repugnans .
2. 2 a, b. Risoba obstructa
3. Plataplecta pruinosa
4. Hyboma fasciata
5. Aletia reversa .
6. Axylia fasciata
Plate 145.
Fig. 1, la. Polytela gloriosre
2j 2a. Glottula dominica
3. Sesamia inferens
4. Arsiloucbe confusa
5. Leucania lanceata
6. Senta cramboides
7. Sasunaga tenebrosa ,
8. Dypteiygia subcurva
Plate 146.
Fig. 1, 1 a, h. Prodenia littoralis
2. Plusia leetula .
3. Berresa natalis
4. 4a, Ilattia cepliusalis
5. Thalpophila delineata
6. Calogramma festiva
7. Neuria dissecta
Plate 147.
Fig. 1. Apamea pannosa
2, 2a, Perigea centralis
3, 3fl. Amyna selenamplia
4. Radinacra placida .
4fl. Radinacra renalis .
5. Agrotis aristifera
6. Agrotis suffusa
7, 7a. Agrotis conspurcata
13
14
8
9
10
12
16
17
19
73
26
27
25
21
0 0
27
28
30
30
30
32
33
33
Plate 148.
Fig. 1, la. Tiracola plagiata
34
2. Tracbea auriplena .
37
3. Graphipbora frontalis
35
4. Radinacra thoracica
31
5. Astrapetis indistans.
38
6. Brana calopasa
44
Plate 149.
Fig. 1. Ramadasa Pavo ... 45
2, la. Acontia flava ... 42
3. Acontia intersepta .
42
4. Acontia imitata
42
5. Leoeyma Diana;
43
6. Aramuna marginata
. 36
7. Pitaeota terminigera
. 46
Plate 150.
Fig. \, \a. Heliotbis armigera . . 51
2. Taracbe tropica
47
3. Taracbe olivea
. 47
4. Taracbe signifera
47
5. Taracbe luda .
4S
6. Taracbe destituta
4S
7. Cburia maculata
50
8. Adisura pallida
52
9. Hyela lativitta
56
10. Anthopbila divisa
53
11. Paracrama dulcissima
55
12. Eublemma amabilis
54
13. Phyllopbila modesta
55
14. Maradana rivulata .
58
15. Odice transversa
57
16. Hiccoda dosaroides .
4!>
17. Naranga diffusa
49
IS. Antbophila derogata
53
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 151.
¥'\g. 1. Callopistria recurvata
2. Metliorasa Thwaitesii
3. Chlumetia transversa
4. Plusia ochreata
5. 5fl. Targalla bifiicies
6. 6rt. Targalla infida .
7. Varnia taprobana
8. 8«. Penicillaria jocosatrix
9. Cblumetia egeus
10. Plusia placida
11. Homodes crocea
Plate 153.
Fig. 1, la. Plusia obtusisigna
2, 2a. Plusia nigriluna
3, 3a. Plusia agramma
4. Plusia signata
5. Plusia limbireua
G. Plusia verticillata
7. Plusia cbrysitina
8. Arsacia saturalis
Plate 153.
Fig. 1, la. Plusiodonta cbalsytoides
2. 2a. Orffisia emarginata .
3. 3rt. Calpe minuticornis .
4. Oriesia ai-gyrosigna .
5. Thalatta modesta .
6. Thalatta albiorbis .
7. Gonitis involuta
8. Gonitis mesogona .
Plate 154.
Fig. 1, la. Wcstermannia superba
2. 2a. Hyblaja Puera .
3. 3a. HybliEa constellata
4. Maceda mansueta <?
5. Maceda mansueta ? .
6. Ophiusa metaspila .
Fig. 1, 1 a, b. Coemopbila xantbyndinia
2, 2 a, b, c, d. Rusicada nigritarsis.
3, 3a. Gonitis fulvida .
4, Falana sordida
Plate 156.
Fio-. 1. Pandesnia Quenavadi
60
Gl
G7
72
64
G3
67
C2
C8
73
59
71
70
72
71
72
70
70
78
75
76
78
77
87
87
85
86
80
81
81
82
82
89
84
86
85
88
91
PAGE
Fig. 2. Anodapba boarmoides
92
3, 3a. Girpa pertendens
95
4. Girpa eriophora
95
5, 5a. Girpa frateraa .
94
C, 6a. Girpa inangulata
94
7. Caduca meleagris .
96
8. Briada preeedens
. 98
9. Corsa lignieolora
. 99
10. Callyua costiplaga .
. 100
11. Dinumma placens .
. 101
12. Pauilla dispila .
93
Plate 157.
Fig. 1. Melipotis diversipeunis .
. 116
2. Melipotis Cyllota .
. 115
3. Melipotis Cyllaria .
. 115
4. Melipotis pannosa .
. 116
5. Plotbeia spurcata $
. 106
6. Plotbeia frontalis .
. 106
7. Plotbeia spurcata $
. 106
8. Plotbeia basifascia .
. 107
9. Plotbeia lichenoides .
. 108
10. Plotbeia basifascia (var.) .
. 107
11. Plotbeia lativitta .
. 106
12. Plotbeia spurcata, ? , var.
. 106
Plate 158.
Fig. 1. Plotbeia guttulosana
. 107
2. Plotbeia griseovirens
. 108
3, 3a. Selepa strigifera
. 103
4. Selepa strigifera, ? , var. .
. 103
5. Selepa Celt-is, S
. 103
6. Symitba indica
. 104
7. Cletthara basalis
. 105
8. Gyrtona pbycisoides
. 125
9. Gyrtona Hylusalis .
. 124
10. Gyrtona dorsalis, ^J
. 125
11. Gyrtona dorsalis, ?
. 125
12. Stictoptera trajiciens
. 122
Plate 159.
Fig. 1. Catepbia llnteola
. 114
2. Anophia olivescens .
. 117
3, 3a. IMosara apicalis
. 119
4, 4a, b. Stictoptera subobliqua
L . 121
5. Stictoptera variabilis
. 120
6. Anophia diphteroides
. 118
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
PAGE
Fig. 7. Vapara indistincta . . . 120
8. Lophoptera costata . . .123
Plate 160.
Fig. 1. Arete taprobana . . . 113
2. Bleuina donaus . . . 129
3. Bleniua aceipiens . . . 129
4. Hypoeala angulipalpis . . 127
5. 5a. Hj'poeala efflorescens . .126
6. Catocala Rama . . . 128
7. Cyclodes Omma . . .152
Plate 101.
Fig. 1, 1 a, h. Mrenas Salaminia . . 134
2. Argadesa materna . . . 133
3, 3 a, h. Othreis Ancilla . .132
Platk 162.
Fig. 1, \a. Othreis Cajeta . . .132
2, 2a. Adris rutilus . . . 136
3, 3a. Rhytia Hypermnestra . 135
Plate 163.
Fig. 1, 1 a, b. Iseliyja Manlia . . 138
2, 2a. Phyllodes maligera . .137
3, 3a. Agonista reducens . . 140
Plate 164.
Fig. 1. Oxyodes scrobiculata , .141
2. Speiredouia Feducia . . 143
3. Speiredonia Zamis . . . 143
4. Speiredonia retrahens . . 142
5. Patula macrops . . . 145
6. Speiredonia retrahens, var. . 142
7. Sericia anops .... 144
Plate 165.
Fig. 1, la. Nyetipao crepuscularis . 148
2, 2a. Argiva hieroglyjihica . 146
3, 3a. Spirama cohferens . . 149
4, 4rt, Spirama Helieina . . 150
Plate 100.
Fig. 1, la. Hypopyra pallida . . 151
2. Taramina torsa . . .153
3. 3a. Hulodes Caranea . . 155
4. Minueia discriminans . . 160
5. Thyas coronata (larva) . . 158
Plate 167.
Fig. 1. Thyas coronata . . .158
2. Thyas honesta , . .158
3. Miuucia prunicolor . . .160
4. Sphingomorpha chlorca . . 157
5. 5a. Serrodes eampana . . 166
6. Hulodes caranea (larva) . . 155
Plate 168.
Fig. 1, 1 a, h. Macaldeuia palumba . 162
2, 2 a, h. Achaea MeHcerte . . 1 63
3, Naxia calefaciens . . .168
4, 4a. Delgamma calorifica . . 1 68
Plate 169.
Fig. 1. Achffia Mezentia . . ,165
2, 2 a. Achaea reversa . . . 1 65
3, Achsea combinans . . .165
4, 4 a, h. Achtea serva . . .164
Plate 170.
Fig. 1, la. Caranilla Onelia . . 169
2. Psimada quadripennis . . 171
3. Anereuthina frontalis . . 173
4. Anereuthina curvifera . .174
5. Anereuthina coudita . .173
6. Anereuthina ineludens . .172
7. Anereuthina trigonifera . . 173
8. Dysgonia simillima . .178
9, 9a. Dysgonia Joviana . .175
Plate 171.
Fig. 1. Dysgonia fulvotsenia . .177
2. Dysgonia Crameri . . .177
3. Dysgonia arcuata . . .176
4. Dysgonia albivitta . . .178
5. Calesia leucostigma . . . 182
6,6 a. Pasipeda satellitia . . 184
7. Dysgonia stuposa . . . 176
8. Dysgonia discalis . . .177
9. Dierna acanthusalis . . . 188
10, 10a. Tinolius eburneigutta . 185
Plate 172.
Fig. 1, la. Arasada pyraliformis . . 189
2. Acantholipes trifasciata . . 187
DESCUIPTION OF PLATES.
Fig. 3, 3fl. Cauninda Arcliesia
4, 4a. Remigia fmgalis
.5. Zetlies lineifera
6. Egnasia biuorbiculata
7. Matella accingalis .
5. Zethes decolor .
9. Egnasia seopigera .
10. Egnasia cingalensis
11. Zethes usurpatalis .
13. Zethes renalis
Plate 173.
Fig. 1, Iff. Lacera Alope
2, la. Seneratia pnecipua
3j 3«. Azazia rubricans
4. Amphigonia hepatizans
5, 5ff. Sympis rufibasis
C, da. Platyja Umminia
Plate 174.
Fig. 1, la. Mestleta irrecta
2. 2a. Mestleta abrupta
3. Nagadeba indecoralis
4. Egnasia ocellata
5. Sanys rivulosa .
C. Gesonia seitula
7. Mestleta divisa
8. Mestleta multiguttata
Daxata bijungens
Hingula figurata
9.
10.
11. Capnodes minor
12. Capnodes trifasciata .
13. Dunira seitula .
Plate 175.
Fig. 1, \a. Sonagara seitaria
2. 2ff. Mestleta angulift
3. Mestleta lunifera
4. Ophiuche eonscitalis
•"). Oi)hiuehe obaceralis
G. Ophiuche mistacalis
7. Mestleta intcrrupta .
8. Hypena cognata
9. Hypena iconicalis .
10. Hypena Iscsalis
11. Claterna Cydonia .
12. Episparis varialis
PAGE
191
190
192
194
19G
192
19.5
195
193
194
214
203
2(14
21.5
202
201
209
208
197
195
205
213
210
210
198
199
212
211
207
206
2.0 -S
209
228
229
229
209
224
225
224
216
217
Plate 176.
Fig. 1, la. Dichromia Orosia
2. 2 a, h. Corcobara Thwaitesi
3. Corcobara angulipennis
4. Dichromia pulhita .
5. 5 a. Hypena laceratalis
6. Hypena labatalis
7. la. Anoratha paritalis
8. Hypena colombana .
9. Hypena biangulata .
10. Bomolocha vestita .
Plate 177.
Fig. 1, la. Aginna robustalis
2. Nabartha marginata .
3. Corgatha renalis
4. Pantura Ophiusalis .
5. Marapana incongrualis
6. Hipcepa lapsalis
7. Corgatha omariusalis
8. Hadennia prunosa .
9. Nolasena ferrifervens
10. Ecliana abavalis
11. Hj'drillodes lentalis .
12. Hydrillodes gravatalis
Plate 178.
Fig. 1, \a. Stericta Helvialis
2, 2 (/, h. Orthaga Euadrusalis
Kt, 3«. Tyspana Yitessoides
4. Vitessa Rama .
5. Pyralis bractiatella .
(3. Pyralis Gerontesalis
7. Stemmatophora eastanoptera
8. Doththa mesenterialis
9. Syllythria imbutalis
10. Letchena Thyralis .
11. Noorda blitealis
12. Pelecyntis Amyntusalis
13. Samea rhodopliilalis
14. Hedylepta abruptalis
15. Pachyzaucla mutualis
16. Hedylepta latimarginalis
Plate 179.
Fig. 1, \a. Mecyna de])rivalis
2. 2 a, h. Godara comalis
3. Daiiaga concisalis
4. Mabra Eryxalis
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
XI
Fig. 5. Diasemia Ramburialis . . 296
6. Eurrliyparodes accessalis . , 294
7. Eurrliyparodes abnegatalis . 295
8. Nacoleia coiitingens . . 273
9. Leueinodes orbonalis i . 289
10. Leueinodes opalina . . . 289
11. Cymoriza Poritialis . . . 303
12. Niaccaba bisectalis . . . 304
13. Niaccaba deleta . . . 304
14. Cataclysta cuneifera . . 300
15. Cataclysta blandialis . . 299
16. 16«. Pdlytlilipta Jivaricata . 311
Plate ISO.
Fig. 1. Glyphodes Actorionalis . . 322
2. 2a. Glyphodes bivitralis . . 322
3. Glyphodes Pyloalis . . .321
4. Glyphodes Itysalis . . .323
5. Hedylepta stramiuea . . 278
C. Gadessa albifrons . . . 279
7. Pelecyutis distorta . . .270
8. Baeotoma abjungalis . . 282
9. Ravanoa bilineolalis . . 284
10. Ravanoa creonalis . . . 284
11. Acharana Otreusalis . . 285
12. Acharana similis . . . 286
13. Pleonectusa admistalis . . 286
14. Pleonectusa adhajsalis . . 287
Plate 181.
Fig. 1. Rehimena incisalis . . . 290
2. 2(?. Margaronia glauculalis . 325
3. Hapalia concolor . . . 339
4. Margaronia celsalis . . . 325
5. Rehimena Phrynealis . . 290
6. Rehimena subjunctalis . . 290
7. Coptobasis abduetalis . . 292
8. Coptobasis fraterna . . . 292
9. Coptobasis tropicalis . . 293
10. Spanista ornatalis . . . 297
11. Cataclysta ornata . . .299
12. Cataclysta angulata . . . 300
13. Talanga sexpunctata . . 301
14. Sameodes Pipleisalis . . 307
Plate 182.
Fig. 1. Neurina Procopia . . . 330
2, 2a. Filodes fulvidorsalis . . 331
Fig. 3
PAGE
Dodanga lobipennis . . 332
4. Cydalima latieostalis . . 326
5. Haritala tigrina . . .312
6. Pagyda salvalis . . . 314
7. Pachyarches pomonalis , . 327
8. Cangetta rectilinea . . . 314
9. Synclera traducalis . . .316
10. Nistra cajlatalis . . . 295
11. Circobotys octoguttalis . . 343
12. Enchocnemidia Phryneusalis . 328
13. Hapalia marginalis . . . 338
14. Hapalia Jopasalis . , . 337
Plate 183.
Fig. 1, la. Botyodes Asialis . . 335
2. la. Cadarena sinuata . . 336
3. Dadessa Evaxalis . . . 333
4. Omphisa illisalis . . .318
5. Analtes Idyalis . . . 319
6. Nosophora quadrisignata . .320
7. Synclera cresalis . . .316
8. Hapalia dentieulosa . . 337
9. Hapalia fraterna . . . 338
10. Pitacanda spilosomoides . . 334
11. Lotanga milvinalis . . . 344
12. Condega obscurata . . . 345
Plate 184.
Fig. 1. Ancylolomia basistriga .
2. 2a. Ancylolomia taprobanensis .
3. Ancylolomia argentata
4. 4a. Magiria robusta
5. Ramila Acciusalis .
6. Crambus hapaliscus .
7. Crambus ermineus .
8. Epicrosis festivella .
9. Cabi'agus auritipalpus
10. Chilo desistalis
11. Patissa lactealis
12. Rhangena roseipennis
13. Schcenobius bipunetifera
14. Apurima xanthogastrella
15. Apurima costalis
16. Pelena unicolor
Plate 185.
Fig. 1,1 a, h. Lagyra Talaca
382
381
382
365
389
380
380
367
371
384
389
370
385
388
388
386
392,
DESCRIPTION^ OF PLATES.
PAGE
Fig. 2. Scardamia metallaria . .391
3. Noreia Ajaia .... 406
4. Noreia inamata . . . 406
5. Marcala o-allnilata . . . 405
6. (\a. Hypen-thra lutoa, c? ? .393
7. la. Angerona cessaria . . 390
S. Marcala sulphurescens . . 405
Plate 186.
Fig. 1, la. Dirades quadrieaudata . 401
2. Dirades Palaca . . 401
3. Dirades Rhagavata . . . 402
4. Dirades lilaeina . . . 402
5. Dirades parvula . . . 402
6. Dirades obscuraria , . . 400
7. Dirades binotata . . . 399
S. Dirades conifera . . . 399
9. Dirades adjutaria . . . 400
10. Dirades irrorota . . . 403
11. Dirades eonehiferata . . 403
12. 12 a, b. Dirades latifaseiata . 403
Plate 187.
Fig. 1, 1 a, i. Orsonoba Rajaea, $ ? . 395
2, Orsonoba Clelia, ? . . 395
3, 3a. Fascelliua eeylonica . . 394
4. Gathynia miraria . . . 398
5. Narapa indistincta . . .411
0. Menophra canidorsata . .410
7. Menophra imbecilis . . . 410
8. Narapa adamata . . .410
9. Narapa similaris . . .411
10. Narapa umbrata . . .411
11. Boarmia difFusaria, $ . . 412
Plate 188.
Fig. \, 1 a, b, c. Bnznra strigaria . 407
2, %a. Boarmia dillusaria, ? . 412
3. Amblychia torrida, $ . .421
Plate 189.
Fig. 1,1 a^ b. Euschema belissima . 423
2. Euschema prunicolor, ,^ . . 423
3. 3rt. Euschema transversa . . 422
4. Cusuma vilis, ^ . . . 424
5. Cusuma limbaln, ? . . 421
Plate 190.
Fig. 1, 1 a, h. Medasina strixaria . 409
Fig. 2, 2^7. Catoria sublavaria
3, 3rt. Serraea transcissa
Plate 191.
Fig. 1, 1 a, h. Chogada alienaria
2. Boarmia Bhurmitra, ? .
3. Catoria procursaria .
4. Ophthalmodes herbidaria, ?
Plate 192.
Fig. 1, 1 a, b. Pingasa crenaria .
2. Pingasa minimaria .
3, 3 a, b. Racotis boarmiaria
Plate 193.
Fig. 1. Elphos hymenaria, S
2, 2 a, h. Peteh'a medardaria, $ ?
3, Alana vexillaria, ? .
4, 4«. Bylazora eeylonica
Plate 194.
Fig. 1, \a. Geometra specularia .
2. 2«. Thalassodes dissita
3. 3a!. Thalei-a flavifusata
4. Thalassodes leucospilota .
5. Jodis iudecretata
6. Jodis thalassica
Plate 195.
Fig. \,\ a,b. Comibsena pannosa
2. 'la. Comibffina divipala
3. Jodis vivilaca .
4. Thalera costipunctata
5. Thalassodes rubrolimbataria
6. Nemoria viata, $
Plate 190.
Fig. 1, \a. Comibrcna semialba
2. la. Maxates cselataria
3. Eucrostes disparata .
4. Berta chr3'solineata .
5. Thalera disjnncta
G. Berta gavissima, $ .
7. Thalera acutissima .
Plate 107.
Fig. 1, 1 a, h. Agatliia lastata
2. Zaniarada transliicida, %
3. Agathia hemithearia %
PAGE
414
416
415
412
415
417
419
420
418
420
396
397
417
425
426
428
427
430
430
433
434
430
428
427
431
434
436
432
435
429
435
428
437
432
438
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Fig. 4. Agathia magnifica, ?
PAGE
438
5. Comiba?na devesata .
433
Plate 198.
Fig. 1, la. Eumelea Ludovicata .
439
3. Eumelea vulperaria, cJ
439
3. Eumelea flavata, ? .
440
■t, 4:11. Eumelea aureliata
440
5, 5a. Cocyparis insolitata .
441
Plate 199.
Fig. 1, Iff. Cyelophoi-a quieta, S ?
413
2. Cyelophora invexata, ^ .
442
'6, .3a. Cyelophora Abhadraca
442
4. Anisodes ealigata, S
444
4(7. Anisodes obrinaria, ?
443
5. Anisodes nebulosata, ? .
445
6. Anisodes carnearia, $
444
7. Pseudastbena dissimilis .
450
8. Pseudastbena memorata, ?
450
9. Borbaea pardaria, S
447
10. Anisodes patruelis, ?
444
Plate 200.
Fig. 1, la. Drapetodes fratercula .
541
2. Pomasia psylaria, ^
448
3. Pseudastbena grataria
451
4. Asthena Sunaudava
449
5, oa. Pseudastbena lunulosa
450
6. Micraeschus oblataria
449
7. Idfea intensata
453
8. Idsea aetuaria .
453
9. Idiea adeptaria
454
10. Idffia Cajsaria . . . .
454
11. Idsea Aotiosaria
453
Plate 201.
Fig. 1, la. Pbalacra Vidbusaria .
541
2. Lycauges defamatariaj ? .
456
3. Craspedia addictaria, <S .
451
4. Craspedia addictaria, ? .
451
5. Idjea attentata
454
6. Idsea aspilataria
454
7. Craspedia deliciosaria
451
8. Idsea fibulata, ? . . .
455
9. Craspedia pedilata, $
452
10. Craspedia turpisaria, ?
452
11. Anisodes pallida
445
12. Lycauges postvittata, ? .
456
Plate 202.
Fig. 1. Anisodes arennsaria, ? .
2. 2a. Somatinapurpurascens,(J §
3. 3(7. Erastria conveetaria .
4. -\a. Erastria aventiaria, ^
5. Luxiarifi exclusa, ?
6. Problepsis deliaria, ?
7. Problepsis extrusata, $
8. Pseudangerona separata, S
Pl.\te 203.
Fig. 1. Micronia aculeata, ?
2. Pseudo micronia fraterna, ?
3. Pygia infantularia .
4. Deilinia costata
5. ha. Gubaria Nora, S ?
6. 6 a, b. Gubaria fasciata, g $
7. Stropbidia fasciata, ?
8. Rambara saponaria .
Plate 204.
Fig. 1. Tephrina falsavia, ^
2. Tepbrina falsaria, ?
3. Deilinia costata, J* .
4. Mareala saturataria
5. Idsea extimaria, ? .
6. Tephrina modesta, ^
7. Tephrina Pulinda, <?
8. Tephrina Pulinda, ?
9. Ozola microniaria, cJ
10. lOi'. Ozola microniaria, ?
11. Tephrina Cacavena, S
12. Tephrina Cacavena, ?
Plate 205.
Fig. 1. Azata qnadraria
2. Azata ferruginata .
3. Prioiiia squalida, c? •
4. 4(Z. Prionia squalida, ?
5. Gonodela sufflata, cJ
6. Gonodela sufflata, ?
7. Plutodes transmutata
8. Zebeba marginata, J
9. Corymica arnearia, S
10. Corymica arnearia, 9
11. Gonodela Yasudeva, ?
12. Gonodela honoraria, $
445
540
457
458
457
539
539
414
460
461
4G2
403
465
461.
460
459
471
471
463
405
455
471
471
471
474
474
471
471
469
470
476
476
467
467
472
469
AT-i
473
468
468
XIV
DESCRIPTION OF FLA TES.
Platk 20(j.
Fig. 1. Calluga costalis, ^ . . .480
2. Iramba tibialis, ? . . . 481
3. Eupithecia attenuata . . 479
4. Eupithecia virescens . . 479
5. Eupithecia variegata . . 479
C. Eupithecia palpata, ? . . 479
7. Plemyria baccata . . . 486
8. Collix hypospilata . . . 482
9. ColHx (ihosha, i . . . 482
10, lOd. Collix Ghosha, ? . .483
Plate 207.
Fig. 1. liemodes triseriata, (^ . . 485
2. Remodes remodesaria, ? . . 484
3. Remodes remodesaria, S ■ • 484
4. Remodes triseriata, ? . . 485
5. Remodes remodesaria, ? . .484
6. Remodes proboscidiaria, ? . 484
7. Anticlea occliisataj (J . . 485
8. Anticlea occlusata, ? . . 485
9. Eustroma dissecta, $ . . 488
10. Lampropteryx cingala, g . 489
11. Lampropteryx molata, J . 489
12. Lampropteryx molata, q . 489
Plate 208.
Fig. 1. Caececia micaceana . . . 492
2. Platypeplus aprobola . . 495
3. Alavona Thwaitesii, ^ . . 503
4. Alavona Thwaitesii, ? . . 503
5. Earias ehromataria . . . 490
6. Earias speiplena . . 490
7. Alavona taprobana, S • ■ 503
8. Alavona taprobana, ? . . 503
9. Microeossus Mackwoodii, ? . 498
10. Earias sulphiiraria . . . 490
11. Diehelia retractana . . . 492
12. IJapsifera seclusella, (J . . 499
13. Hapsifera seclusella, ? . .499
Ik Machieropteris receptella . . 502
Pl.vte 209.
Fig. 1. Blabophanes longella . . 503
2. Atteva impariguttella . . 505
3. Azinis hilarella . . . 500
4. Theoxenia penicillata, (J . . 50(i
Fig. 5. Depressaria angusta
C. Strobisia aurantiaca
7. Cryptolechia diluticornis .
8. Cryptolechia tripustulata
9. Tipha irrorella, c? •
10. Eretmocera impactella
11. Tipha tinctella
12. Timyra cingalensis .
13. Amblyptilia argyriodactyla
14. Leioptilus Serindibanus .
15. Pterophorus leucadactylus
16. Pterophorus oxydactylus .
Plate 210.
Fig. 1, 1 (7, h. AphnfBus nubilus, $ ? .
2. 2(/. Pratapa Deva, $ % .
3. 3 a, ij. Hypolyca;na Nilgirica, $ ?
4. Lethe neelgherriensis, larva
5. Lethe Drypetes, larva
6. Menelaides Jophon, larva
Plate 211.
PAGE
508
518
519
520
517
514
517
522
527
527
528
528
530
531
531
529
529
333
Fig. 1. Daphnis Ernestina, ?
. 534
2. Ismene CEdipodea, larva .
. 533
3. Plesioneura spilothyrus, larva . 534
4. Bibasis Sena, larva .
. 533
5. Dasychira pudica, ?
. 5.38
6. Hemonia orbiferana, ?
. 537
7. Narosodes punctana
. 536
8. Diduga costata, S .
. 535
9. Diduga costata, ? .
. 535
] 0. Nagoda nigricans, c?
. 542
11. Homopsyche nympha, S
. 536
12. ^geria flavicaudata, c?
. 559
13. Davendra Mackwoodii, 2
. 520
14. Padenia trifasciata, ?
. 534
Plate 212.
Fig. 1. Eupterote fasciata, c?
. 544
2. Iloranpella cinnamomea.
? . 544
3. Pandala dolosa, p
. 544
4. Attatha regal is
. 537
5. Chilena similis, ,^
. .')43
6. Ilepialus taprobanus
. 545
Plate 213.
Fig. 1. Apona Shevaroyensis, S
. 545
2. Apona Shevaroyensis, ?
. 545
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 211..
Fig. 1. Risoba basal is .
2. BagaJa pyrochroma
•3. Dysgonia amygdalis
4. Felinia spissa, ?
5. Abrostola iiubila
6. Appana cingalesa,
7. Doranaga apicalis
8. Gesonia flavifrons
9. Elydna trapezata
10. Homoptera catenata
11. Doranaga striatura
VI. jMestleta fasciosa
Plate 215.
. 540
Fig. 1. Hingula transvitta .
5-18
2. Avitta rufifrons
5
551
3. Egnasia scopigera^ 2
. 550
4. Luxiaria exclusa, S ■
549
5. Cataelysla delicata, S
548
0. Glyphode.s Zelimalis
. 553
7. Tamraea torridalis, S
55-2
S. Tamraea torridalis, ?
547
9. Anisodes acuta
550
10. Agathodes ostentalis
553
11. Herculia bilineata .
552
12. Coptobasis defieiens .
13. Coptobasis Colomboensis
i'AOi:
551
554
551
457
550
557
551
55 !•
445
555
555
550
550
THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
Family CYMATOPHORIDiE.
Imago of moderate size ; body mostly smooth. Larva smooth, or with little
eminences, living on trees or shrubs quite exposed, or between leaves united by silk.
{Stainton.)
Genus RISOBA.
Eisoba, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. !881, p. 328 ; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 90.
Allied to Thyatira. Forewing somewhat shorter ; costal margin arched at end,
angle acute, exterior margin less oblique; second subcostal branch trifurcate, its
lowest fork (or fourth branch) near the apex, fifth branch curved upward from end
of the cell, and touching the third near its base ; discocellular obliquely concave,
slightly bent at its lower end; upper radial straight from end of the cell, lower
radial and upper median branch from angles close above end of the cell : hind-
wing very convex exteriorly ; costal and subcostal veins joined together at their
base, two subcostal branches from end of the cell, radial and upper median branch
from end of the cell, middle median branch from angle before end of the cell. Body
slender, thorax broad, crested in front ; antennas long, minutely pectinated in male.
RISOBA REPUGNANS (Plate 144, Fig. 1).
Thijatirn repugnans. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 9 (1856).
liisoba repugnans!, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 328.
Male : forewing purplish-brown, washed with silvery-grey ; with a purplish-
white basal oblique band, a spot on the middle of posterior mai'gin, and another
spot at the angle, also a large rounded spot at the apex, each with strongly defined
black inner border, the former suffused and the latter blotched with purple-brown
and traversed by a slender pale line ; orbicular spot prominent, with a purple-brown
centre and black-bordered line ; a black dot in middle of the cell ; two slender
indistinct blackish denticulated lines cross the disc from the apical to posterior spots ;
a marginal row of small black spots : hindwing purplish-white, with a broad pale
VOL. III. B
2 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
purplish-brown outer band, and a slender blackisli lunnlar marginal line. Body
purplish-white ; head, front of thorax, and tip of abdomen suffused with purplish-
brown ; front legs brown, with pale bands.
Expanse If inch.
RISOBA OBSTRUCTA (Plate 144, Fig. 2, 2a, 2b, ^ $ , larva).
Bisoba obstructa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 328; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 91.
Bolina obstriicfa, Walker, MS. Brit. Mus. Cabiuet.
Male and female : forewing greyish-brown, indistinctly black speckled ; a white
basal oblique slender band, which is slightly brownish hindward and has a black
sinuous border: a discal greyish-white fascia bordered externally by an irregular
black line ; a black dot within the cell, and a circle enclosing another dot at its
end ; exterior border traversed by a broad blackish whitish-bordered indistinct band
terminating at the apex in blacker streaks ; a marginal row of black lunules bordered
inwardly with white : hindwing pale cinereous-brown, with pale brown marginal band.
Expanse, S 1, q 1^ inch.
Larva purplish-brown, palest laterally ; twelfth segment with a dorsal conical
prominence; with dorsal and lateral white-dotted lines, and a sublateral row of
whitish streaks ; between the lateral and sublateral lines is a row of black dots.
Pupa pale purphsh-red ; in a pale purplish-white narrow cocoon.
" Feeds on QuisquaHs." (Dr. Thwaites.)
Family BRYOPHILIDiE.
Imago of small size ; body slender, crested above. Larva smooth, the ordinary
spots warty and shining; feeds on lichens, on walls, &c., concealing itself during the
day in little nests it forms in the chinks of the walls. {Stainton.)
Genus BRYOPHILA.
Bryophila, Treit.scbke, Schmett. Eur. i. p. 57 (1825); Guenee, Noct. i. p. 22; Walker; Lederer.
Mctachrostis (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 204 (1818-25).
Pmcilia * (part), Sohrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 2, p. 157 (1802) ; Hiibner, id. p. 204.
Male. Forewing elongated, costa nearly straight, exterior margin shghtly
oblique and convex; cell narrow, long, extending two-thirds the wing; first sub-
costal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second trifid, fifth from end of
the coll, ascending and touching third mid-way between its base and the fourth ;
discocellular slightly bent close to upper end and near lower end, radials from the
angles; three medians, middle branch from angle close to end of the cell, lower
* Previously used for a genus of Fishes.
BOMBYCOID^. 3
branch at nearly one-half before the end; snbraodian slightly curved: hindwinjr
narrow, costa almost straight, exterior margin oblique, convex, waved ; costal vein
slightly bent near the base, extending to apex, subcostal touching the costal at the
angle near base, two subcostal branches from end of the cell ; discocellular slightl\-
bent below the middle, the radial from the angle; middle median from angle near
end of the cell, lower median at nearly one-third before the end ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body somewhat slender ; palpi ascending, second joint thick,
long, laxly squamose, rising to level of vertex, third joint slender, lanceolate, more
than half length of second; antennae simple; legs thickish, tibiffi stout, clothed witli
hairy scales, middle tibias with two, and hind tibia? with four spurs.
Type, B. glandifera.
BRYOPHILA SEMIPAES.
Brtjophila semipars. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Miis. xv. p. 1647 (1858).
"Testaceous-cinereous: forewings thickly speckled with black, excepting the
middle third part, which is slightly speckled with black, has a zigzag black line on
each side, and contains a brown costal spot and the reniform mark, which is distin-
guished by a deep black transverse streak ; basal, interior, and submarginal lines
testaceous-cinereous, zigzag, and distinct : hindwings cinereous-brown, with a pale
denticulated line along the exterior border. Thorax thickly speckled with black ; a
black band along the fore border.
" Expanse 12 lines."
Family BOMBYCOIDJE.
Imago of moderate size ; body thick and hairy, sometimes crested above. Larva
with the ordinary spots warty, and more or less tufted with hairs. {Stai7doii..)
Genus DIPHTHERA.
Diphthera, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 1 (1806) ; Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 63 (1816).
Pwcilia* (part), Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 2, p. 157 (1802); Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 204
(1818-25).
Moma, Lederer, Noct. Eur. p. 76 (nee Hiibner).
Male. Forewing elongated ; costa almost straight, exterior margin oblique,
posterior margin slightly recurved; cell long, extending three-fifths the wing; first
subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth
from end of the cell and slightly touching third near its base ; discocellular bent near
upper and lower end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end
of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian slightly recurved : hindwino-
* Previously used for a genus of Fishes.
B 2
4 THE LEPIDOFTERA OF CEYLON.
somewhat short, slightly broad, exterior margin convex ; costal vein almost straight,
subcostal touching tlie costal near base ; two subcostal branches from end of the
cell, radial from middle of discocellular ; middle median from angle at end of the cell,
lower median at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight-
Body moderately stout ; palpi ascending to level of the eyes, second joint thick, laxly
clothed, third joint half its length, blunt at the tip ; antenuEe very slightly pectinated ;
legs stout, tibiae thick, laxly clothed, middle and hind tibijB spurred.
Type^ D. Orion.
DIPHTHEEA DECEPTTJUA.
Diphthera deceptura. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. xxxii. p. 614 (1865).
" Male. White : forewing with numerous black, denticulated or undulating, very
irregular, and more or less mcomplete lines ; base and middle part brown, the latter
including a white space ; marginal lunules black ; fringe with blackish marks ;
orbicular and reniform marks white, black bordered, very large, the former round,
the latter very much excavated : hiudwings yellowish-cinereous, with two undulating
lines and the exterior border diffusedly brown. Head with a black mark between the
eyes ; palpi brown in the middle part ; thorax slightly speckled with black ; abdomen
and underside bi'ownish-ochreous.
"Expanse 12 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
Genus HYBOMA.
Hyloma, Hiibner, Veiz. bek. Schmett, p. 200 (1818-25).
Male : forewing very moderately elongated, broad ; costa slightly arched at the
base, exterior margin oblique, convex, posterior margin convex near base ; cell long,
extending two-thirds the wing ; first subcostal emitted at more than half befoi'e end
of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching third
near its base ; discocellular concave in the middle, bent near lower end, radials from
upper end and the lower angle ; lower median at one-fourth and middle median from
an aiigle close before end of the cell ; submedian slightly curved : hindwing short,
apex convex, exterior margin oblique, waved ; costal vein extending to apex ; sub-
costal touching the costal near its base ; cell broad, long, extending beyond half the
wing; two subcostals on a footstalk one-fifth beyond the cell; discocellular very
convex, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell,
lower at nearly one-third before the end, submedian and internal slightly curved.
Body moderate ; palpi porrect, second joint extending half beyond the head, pilose,
the hairs projecting forward, third joint cylindrical, half length of second ; antennte
bombycoidjj:. 5
minutely ciliated : legs rather long, tibiae thickish, clothed with short hairs, middle
with two short spurs and hind tibiae with four long spurs.
Type, H. strigosa.
HYBOMA FASCIATA (Plate 144, Fig. 4, S)-
Male: forewing vinaceous brownish-grey; with a blackish longitudinal fascia
extending from base of wing below the cell to exterior margin above the angle, the
fascia partly interrupted in the middle by a broad pale whitish posterior streak, and
by two transverse antemedial pale-bordered blackish sinuous lines and two postmedial
denticulated lines ; some black marks along the costal edge ; orbicular spot large,
with a black outer line and pale inner border ; reniform spot large, indistinct ; a
marginal pale-bordered blackish denticulated line ; cilia alternated with black :
hindwing pale cinereous-brown, with pale brownish outer border. Body cinereous
brownish-grey ; legs brown, with pale tarsal bands.
Expanse If inch.
Described and figured from specimens obtained from the collection of the late
Dr. Thwaites.
Genus PLATAPLECTA.
Plataplecta, Butler, Annals of Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 195.
Forewing more elongated and narrower than in Ilyboma ; exterior margin more
oblique ; venation similar in both wings. Body stouter ; palpi long, ascending to
vertex, compactly squamose ; legs stout ; middle and hind tibige densely clothed with
long hairy scales, spurs stout ; antennas setose.
PLATAPLECTA PRUINOSA (Plate 144, Fig. 3).
Acronycta pruinosa, Gueuee, Noct. i. p. 53 (1852).
Folia soluta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 723 (1865).
Plataplecta soluta, Butler, Annals of Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 195.
Forewing cinereous-grey, minutely brown speckled : crossed by basal, subbasal
and medial diffused blackish sinuous lines, a recurved discal more sharply defined
duplex denticulated line, and a marginal row of lunular points ; a slight blackish
streak extends below the base of the cell and a more distinct streak fi'om below
the lower median vein ; orbicular spot large, whitish ; reniform spot large, defined
by a slender blackish line : hindwing pale brownish-cinereous, darkest externally ;
cilia alternately white and pale brown. Body cinereous-grey, palpi with dark brown
lateral band ; tarsi with brown bauds.
Expanse, c? If, ? If inch.
6 THE LEPIDOPTEBA OF CEYLON.
Family LEUCANIIDiE.
Imago small or of medium size, body smooth. Larva long, feeding in stems of
reeds, &c., or merely concealed, but then they are marked with numerous fine lines.
Pupa either in a subterranean cocoon, or in the stem ia which the larva has fed.
{Sta'iiito)i.)
Genus ALETIA.
Aletin, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 239 (1818-25).
HypMlare, Hiibn. id. p. 239.
Mijthinma (part), Stephens.
Lfucania (part), Lederer, Noct. Eiir. p. 127 (1857).
Forewing elongated, narrow, costa almost straight, apex acuminate, exterior
margin slightly oblitjue, posterior angle somewhat rounded; cell long, narrow,
extending two-thirds the wino- ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the
cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, touching the third beyond
the cell ; discocellular slender, concave in middle, upper radial in a line with subcostal,
lower from angle close to lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the
cell, lower median at nearly one-third before the end ; submedian recurved from the
base : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex ; cell extending half the wing ;
costal vein undulated ; subcostal touching the costal near its base, two subcostal
branches from end of the cell ; discocellular extremely slender, concave, radials
from upper end and below the middle ; two upjjer medians from end of the cell,
lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein slightly curved.
Body stout, abdomen extending beyond hindwing ; palpi short, thick, porrect, laxly
squamose, second joint extending beyond the head, third joint short, thick, conical ;
antennse minutely ciliated ; legs long, middle and hind tibise spurred. {A. vitelUna.)
ALETIA EEVERSA (Plate 144, Fig. o).
Male : forewing pale purpurescent ochreous-brown, darkest from the base below
the costal border ; crossed by an indistinct black basal sinuous line, a duplex ante-
medial outwardly oblique straight line and a postmedial inwardly oblique curved
duplex denticulated black line with white points; a slight pale-bordered streak
extending obliquely from the apex ; an indistinct round orbicular spot, and a
prominent reniform mark with a blackish central streak and whitish lower streak ;
the two upper median branches also slightly whitish : hindwing cinereous-brown at
the base, the outer border pale purplish ochreous-brown. Body above pale purplish
ochreous-brown. Female duller coloured; with the markings on forewinof less
distinct.
Expanse If to If inch.
LEUCANIIDjE 7
Genus AXYLIA.
Axylia, Hiibner, Yerz. bek. Schmett. p. 242 (1818-25).
Forewing elongate, narrow, exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell long, extending
to two-thirds the wing ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell,
second at one-fifth, trifid, the third from below second at one-half from its base, and
fourth at nearly one-half from base of third, fifth from end of the cell, extendino-
upward and touching the third near its base ; discocellular concave, bent at its lower
end, upper radial emitted from below fifth subcostal at some distance beyond end of
the cell ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower median at one-third
before the end; submedian much curved from the base: hindwing broad, exterior
margin convex, waved ; costal vein straight, extending to apex ; subcostal slightlv
joined to costal near its base, two subcostal branches on a footstalk beyond end
of the cell ; discocellular deeply concave in the middle, radial from below the middle ;
cell broad, extending to half the wing ; two upper medians from a footstalk beyond the
cell, lower median at one-fourth before end of the cell ; submedian straight, internal
curved. Body moderately stout, short ; palpi porrect, extending half beyond the
head, third joint short, stout, conical ; autennjB minutely ciliated ; legs short, thick,
compactly clothed, middle tibiae with two, and hind tibice with four spurs.
Type, A. putris,
AXYLIA FASCIATA (Plate 144, Fig. 6).
Axijlia fasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 341.
Forewing pale brownish-ochreous, with a longitudinal blackish fascia extending
through the lower part of the cell to outer margin, the area below it being shghtly
greyish ; a black streak below the cell ; median veins grey speckled, the second and
upper median branch white with black intervening lines ; discal area above the fascia
and the posterior margin suffused with reddish-ochreous, and white below the fascia ;
orbicular and reniform marks formed of interrupted black spots with an almost
confluent black interspace ; some indistinct black dots obliquely across the disc :
hindwing ochreous-white ; outer border slightly dusky ; marginal Hne black. Head
and thorax brownish-ochreous, abdomen whitish-ochreous ; a hoary collar on thorax.
Expanse 1 {--^ inch.
Genus SESAMIA.
Sesamia, Guenee, Noct. i. p. 95 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. ix. p. 114.
Male : forewing elongated ; costa straight, exterior margin very slightly oblique,
posterior angle rounded; cell long, extending nearly two-thirds the wing; first
subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-eighth, trifid,
fifth from end of the cell and touching the third above end of the cell ; discocellular
8 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
very slender, concave, radials upper end and near lower end ; lower median at about
one-third and middle median from a short distance before end of the cell ; submedian
much curved near the base: hind wing short, costa almost straight, apex slightly
produced, exterior margin very oblique, undulated ; costal vein extending to apex;
two subcostals on a footstalk at a short distance beyond end of the cell ; discocellular
concave, radial from the middle ; cell broad, extending to half the wing ; two upper
medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body moderate, abdomen extending beyond hindwings ; palpi
porrect, second joint laxly pilose, extending beyond the head, third joint short, thick,
conical ; antennae finely bipectinated ; legs short, thick, fore tibia3 densely clothed,
middle and hind tibite thick, spurred.
Type, S. nonagrio'ides.
SESAMIA INFERENS (Plate 145, Fig. 3).
Sesamia infercns, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 105 (1856).
Forewing dull yellowish-ochreous, with a longitudinal ochreous-brown fascia
extending from the base along the median vein to the exterior margin ; a brown
exterior marginal line : hindwing white. Thorax dull yellowish-ochreous ; abdomen
paler; legs dull brownish-ochreous.
Expanse l-ny inch.
Genus ARSILONCHE.
Arsilonche, Lederer, Noct. Eur. pp. 64,70 (1857).
Simyra (part), Ochsenheimer.
Male : forewing elongated, costa nearly straight, apex acute, exterior margin
oblique, posterior angle rounded ; cell extending nearly two-thirds the wing ; first
subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid,
fifth from end of the cell, and touching the third near its base ; discocellular bent at
upper end, concave in the middle, radials from upper and lower angles ; middle
median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at about one-fourth before the end ;
submedian much curved : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex below the
apex ; cell narrow, long, extending to more than half the wing ; costal and subcostal
joined at the base ; two subcostal branches on a footstalk at a short distance beyond
end of the cell ; discocellular slender, oblique, concave, radial from near lower end ;
middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ;
submedian and internal straight. Body stout; palpi porrect, very laxly pilose,
projecting a little beyond the head, third joint very short, thick and almost imbedded
in hairs ; antennae thick at the base, tapering to the tip, flattened and scabrous ; legs
short, tibige thick, hairy, middle and hind tibiae spurred. ( Tijpe, A. venosa.)
LEVCANIIBjE. f)
ARSILONCHE CONFIJSA (Plate 145, Fig. 4).
Leucania confusa. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 105 (1856).
Forewing pale brownisli-ochreous, numerously covered with pale brown scales ;
two or three indistinct blackish dots at upper end of tlie cell : hindwing ochreous-
white. Head, thorax, and legs pale brownish-ochreous ; abdomen above ochreous-
white.
Expanse, <? 1|, 2 If inch.
Genus LEUCANIA,
Leucania, Ochsenlieiniei-, Sclimett. Eiir. iv. p. 81 (1816); Samouelle, Ent. U. Comp. p. 251 (1819);
Hiibner, Vevz. bek. Sch. p. 241 ; Stephens; Walker.
Donacldora, Sodoffsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. 1837, p. 14 (1837).
Forewing elongated, costa straight, slightly acuminate at tip, exterior margin
slightly oblique ; cell narrow, extending nearly two-thirds the wing ; first subcostal
emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of
the cell, touching third nearly half-way between its base and the fourth ; discocellular
slightly concave, radials from upper end and near the lower end; middle median
from an angle close to end of the cell, lower median at one-fourth before the end ;
submedian recurved : hindwing short, broad, apex rounded, exterior margin undulated ;
cell broad, extending to half the wing ; costal vein slightly undulated, extending to
apex, subcostal joined to costal near the base, two subcostal branches from end of
the cell ; discocellular slender, deeply concave, radial fi^om the middle ; two upper
medians from end of the cell, lower median at one-third before the end; submedian
and internal vein straight. Body stout, thorax laxly clothed ; palpi short, stout,
laterally broad, pilose, extending beyond the head, third joint short, conical ; antennge
minutely ciliated ; legs stout, tibiae pilose, middle tibife with two and hind tibiee with
four spurs. (L. comma.)
LEUCANIA SEPARATA.
Leucania separata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxii. p. 626 (1865).
Leucania extranea (var. A), Guenee, Noct. i. p. 78.
Forewing very pale brownish-ochreous, sparsely speckled with indistinct pale
brown scales ; two small black dots with an intervening white dot at lower end of
the cell ; two recurved discal rows of indistinct minute black points, the outer row
with one on each vein, the inner row with one between the veins, the latter row being
the most indistinct ; a marginal row of black dots : hindwing whitish-ochreous at
the base, increasing to pale ochreous-brown along exterior border ; cilia whitish.
Thorax, head, and legs brownish-ochreous; palpi and forelegs brown speckled;
abdomen pale ochreous-brown.
Expanse, S If, ? 1| inch,
VOL. III. 0
10 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
LEUCANIA DECISSIMA.
Leucania decissima. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 624 (1865).
Leucania Nareda, Felder et Rogen. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 109, fig. 9 (1874).
Forewing pale brownisli-oclireous, with slender ochreous-brown lines between
tbe veins, which are darkest and form an ill-defined fascia from base of the cell, the
fascia widening- from its end upward to the apes; a similar fasciated streak also
extending obliquely from the apex to posterior margin ; veins pale ochreous ; median
vein with a dark-bordered white streak, which is bent upward at end of the cell,
median branches also whitish; the angled end of streak with external black dots;
three or four black dots along the costa, and one on submedian ; a transverse discal
curved series of black points, and a marginal row of dots : hind wing pale ochreous
at the base and pale cuprescent-brown externally ; cilia pale ochreous-white. Under-
side of both wings brilliantly gilded with pale golden scales, the marginal black dots,
and a spot before the apex distinct.
LEUCANIA LANCEATA (Plate 145, Fig. 5).
Leucania lanceata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 340. .
Forewing pale yellowish-ochreous, with dark brownish-ochreous lines between
the veins, w-hich are somewhat confluent through the middle and form an indistinct
interrupted fascia below the cell to exterior margin below the apex; a suffused
blackish spot outside end of the cell ; the cell-streak broad, nearly white and crossed
near its inner end by a lanceolate black mark, the cell beyond bordered beneath by
a slight black line ; some minute lilack speckles on the costal border ; a distinct series
of black spots curving across the disc, and a marginal row of points : hindwing pale
whitish-ochreous, with brownish-ochreous broad outer border, and a marginal row
of black points ; ciha pale ochreous. Body and legs brownish-ochreous. Underside
pale yellowish-ochreous, sparsely brown speckled, marginal black dots and precostal
spot distinct. Discal area of forewing suifused with brown; a discal transverse row
of brown spots on hindwing.
Expanse 1-rs inch,
LEUCANIA PRISCA.
Leucania prisca, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Biit. Mii?. xxxv. p. 1953 (1866).
" Female. Pale fawn colour : forewings with the veins mostly whitish ; median
vein and inferior veins brown-speckled ; two incomplete oblique lines of blackish
points ; an indistinct oblique brownish streak proceeding from the tip of the disc ;
marginal points blackish ; fringe cinereous, interlined with fawn colour : hiudwiugs
cinereous. Palpi porrect, slightly pilose, hardly extending beyond the head, third
LEUCANUDJE. \ \
joint acute, minute ; fore tegulfe of the thorax with erect hairs ; legs stout, tibi»
fringed.
" Expanse 18 Hues."
LEUCANIA TANGALA.
Leucania Tangala, Felder and Rogenbofer, Reise Novara, Lep. iv. pi. 109, fig. 12 (IS? t).
Male. Upperside : forewing pale pinkish-ochreous, with purplisli-ochreous
longitudinal streaks, the median vein and its upper branches lined with white ; a
transverse discal row of four small black dots : hindwing pale brownish-ochrcous.
Thorax pale pinkish-ochreous, abdomen pale yellowish-ochreous.
Expanse I3 inch.
Described from the figure quoted above.
LEUCANIA EXEMPTA.
Leucania exempta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. Brit. IMiis. xi. p. 710 (IS."),
" Male. Pale testaceous : forewings slightly speckled with black in front, with
a white stripe, which extends along the costa for more than half the length and for
nearly half the breadth, contains a black dot, and joins a fawn-coloured spot at its
tip ; exterior and marginal dots black : hiudwiugs whitish, with brownish borders
and black marmnal dots.
" Expanse 14 lines."
Genus SENTA.
Sentn, Stephens, lUust. Brit. Ent. Ilau.st. iv. p. 297 (1834); Gneiiee, Noct. i. p. 98; Walker, Catal.
Lep. Hat. B. M. ix. p. 117; Lederer, Noct. Eur. p. 122.
Male. Forewing elongate, rectangular, narrow, costa slightly arched, apex
acute, exterior margin oblique, shghtly angular in the middle, posterior maro-in
slightly convex ; cell disposed towards the middle, narrow, extending to nearly two-
thirds the length ; costal vein at a wide distance from the margin ; first subcostal
emitted at nearly two-thirds before end of the cell, second at more than one-fourth,
trifid, the fifth from end of the cell and touching third near its base above end of the
cell ; discocellular concave in the middle, bent near lower end, radials from the upper
end and lower angle ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower median
at one-thii'd before the end ; siibmediau slightly curved : hindwing somewhat lono-,
narrow, costa nearly straight, exterior margin recurved from the apex, anal maro-in
convex ; costal vein extending to apex ; two subcostal branches at one-fourth beyond
end of the cell; discocellular extremely slender, obliquely concave, radial from the
middle ; cell extending to half the wing ; two upper medians from end of the cell,
lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
c 2
l*-^ THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
slender, abdomen extending beyond the hindwings; jjalpi porrect, laxly squamose,
second joint projecting beyond the head, third joint short, one-fourth length of the
second, lanceolate ; legs long, slender, middle tibiae with two and hind tibia? with four
spurs ; antenna3 slender, simple.
Type, S. Ulva?.
SENTA CRAMBOIDES (Plate 145, Fig. 6).
Male and female: forewing pale brownish-ochreous; veins pale lined, with
brownish-ochreous intervening lines ; some ijidistinct black dots at inner end of the
cell and between base of the median branches ; an indistinct black short streak
midway between the radials, and a marginal row of black points : hindwing pale
brownish ochreous-white. Body pale brownish-ochreous ; palpi and front legs
ochreous-brown. Underside very pale brownish-ochreous; hindwing the palest.
Expanse, 3 1, 2 If inch.
In Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Genus CRAMBOPSIS.
Cramhopsis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Biit. Mus. xxxii. p. 634 (1865).
" Female. Wings long, moderately broad : forewings hardly convex along the
costa, very acute at the tips ; exterior margin slightly convex, very oblique. Body
stout; palpi short, porrect, densely clothed; antennas simple; legs stout, posterior
tibise fringed ; spurs long."
CRAMBOPSIS EXCLUDENS.
Cramhopsis excludens. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. xxxii. p. 634 (I860).
" Female. Fawn colour. Forewings very thinly and minutely speckled with
])lack ; lines pale brownish, denticulated, very indistinct ; marginal points black ;
reniform mark distinguished by a pale black-bordered point : hindwings cinereous-
brown. Underside cinereous-brown.
" Expanse 25 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. B. L. Layard's Collection.
Family GLOTTULID^.
Imago generally with rather broad wings ; body mostly stout, smooth. Larva
thick, smooth, or slightly warty; feeds at the roots of bulbous plants. Pupa
subterranean.
GLOTTULIDjE. 1.3
Genus POLYTELA.
Pohjtela, Guenee, Noct. i. p. 113 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. M. ix. p. 138.
Male. Forewing elongated, narrow, costa straight, apex rounded, exterior
margin oblique ; cell narrow, extending two-thirds the wing ; first subcostal emitted
at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-eighth, trifid ; fifth from end of
the cell and touching third near its base ; discocellular concave, radials from upper
end and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at
about one-third before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, apex convex,
exterior margin undulated ; costal and subcostal joined at the base, two subcostals
on a footstalk at one-fourth beyond the cell ; discocellular slender, obliquely concave,
radial from below the middle ; ceil broad, extending to half the wing ; two upper
medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and
internal straight. Body moderately stout, abdomen extending a little beyond the
hindwings; palpi short, stout, compactly pilose, third joint short, thick; antennsB
minutely ciliated ; legs stout, middle and hind tibiae spurred.
Type, P. gloriosa.
POLYTELA GLOKIOS^ (Plate 145, Fig. 1, q, \a, larva).
Bomhyx gloriosa;, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. ii. p. 205 (1781) ; Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 484.
Polytela gloriono', Guenee, Noct. i. p. 113, pi. 4, fig. 2 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het.B. M. ix.p. 138.
Forewing purplish greyish-black ; with a golden-yellow streaked black transverse
subbasal band, an antemedial angulated duplex band, and a recurved discal sinuous
band, the antemedial band with a black outer lobe beneath the cell ; a purple-red
bordered black spot across the submedian vein between the two inner bands ; outer
discal area with a transverse series of longitudinal purple-red bordered black spots
terminating in a yellowish-white patch at the apex and posterior angle, and with an
intervening connecting yellow sinuous line traversing the black spots; a small
orbicular whitish spot with black centre and outer ring; reniform spot large,
whitish, with black and purple-red central streak ; a small yellow spot at base of
the wing, and yellow spots along the costal edge ; cilia with inner row of alternate
black and yellow spots: hindwing purplish cinereous-brown; cilia yellow. Body
purplish-black ; head and thorax above spotted with yellow, anal segment also
yellow ; palpi and legs banded with yellow.
Expanse, S 1-S-, ? Ia inch.
Larva elongated, smooth, purple-black ; with dorsal, lateral, and sublateral rows
of pure white spots, and a purplish Ijlotch on sides of second, third, fourth, eleventh,
and twelfth segments ; head, a dorsal spot on second segment, and legs, red. Pupa
red.
"Feeds on Amaryllis." {I)r. Thu:aites.)
14 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
Genus GLOTTULA.
Gloltvla, Gu.'iiee, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vi. p. 357 (1837) ; Noct. i. p. 114 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het.
B. M. ix. p. 139.
Male. Forewing elongated; costa straight, apex rounded, exterior margin
oblique, posterior angle convex ; cell narrow, long, extending nearly two-thirds the
wing ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth,
trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching third near its base; discocellular
inwardly oblique, bent in the middle, radials from upper end and below the middle;
middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-third before
the end; submedian curved: hindwing short, exterior margin convex; cell broad,
upper end extending to beyond one-half the wing; two subcostal brauches from end
of the cell ; discocellular inwardly oblique, very slender, radial from below the middle,
very slender ; two upper medians from immediately beyond end of the cell, lower at
one-fourth before tbe eud ; submedian and internal straight. Body stout, thorax
thick ; palpi short, porrect, extending slightly beyond the front, pilose, third joint
very short, thick ; antenna3 short, thick aud flattened from the base, scabrous ; legs
tLick, middle and hind tibice spuiTed.
Tii]^)e, G. Pancratii.
GLOTTULA DOMINICA (Plate 145, Fig. 2, $ , 2a, larva).
Phalaina Nocitia Dominica, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 238, pi. 399, fig. h (1782).
Glottula Dominica, Guenee, Noct. i. p. 116 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 141.
Forewing dark greyish violaceous-brown ; discal area suffused with ochreous, and
with a transverse submarginal slightly ferruginous-bordered ochreous denticulated
line ; across the middle are two black greyish-bordered sinuous lines with more or
less acute greyish points on the veins ; orbicular spot very indistinct ; reniform spot
pale, indistinctly formed, with ferruginous and black-streaked centre ; a marginal
grey-bordered black denticidated line: hindwing cinereous- white in male, slightly
brownish along anterior border, and brownish externally in female. Thorax, head,
and legs dark greyish violaceous-brown, abdomen dark cinereous-brown.
Expanse, S 1^, ^ \J\j inch.
Larva thick, warty; second to eleventh segment black, spotted with bluish-
white ; head, top of second segment, and the two anal segments red, with black
spots ; legs red ; forelegs black tipped. Pupa purplish-brown.
" Feeds on Amaryllis." {Dr. Tlmuiites.)
Family APAMIIDiE.
Imago of small or medium size ; forewings in repose roof-shaped ; abdomen
generally smooth, sometimes crested. Larva thick, dull coloured, generally shining ;
liead small, retractile ; living concealed either at tlic roots of plants or under low
herbage, or in stems. (Stainton.)
Genus HYDR^CIA.
Hydrmcia, Guouoe, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x. p. 2,37 (1S41) ; Diipont. Catal. Metb. V.av. Lep. p. 114 (18-M);
n. Schajff. Sch. Eur. ii. p. 220 (1845).
Forewing elongated, rather broad, apex acute, exterior margin oblique, convex
hiudward ; cell extending three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths
before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, curved
upward and touching the third close to its base ; discocellular concave, radials from
the upper and near lower end; middle median from angle near end of the cell,
lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian curved : hindwing short, apex rather
pointed, exterior margin very oblique ; cell broad, extending to half the wing ; two
subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from below the middle ;
two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-tliird before the end ; submedian
and internal vein straight. Body stout; palpi porrect, laterally broad, laxly pilose
beneath, third joint short, thick; antenna? serrated, finely pectinated; legs thick,
compactly pilose, middle and hind tibia? spurred.
Type, H. micacea. i
HYDR^ECIA LAMPADIFERA.
Hydrmcia lampadifera. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. .x.\xii. p. 643 (1865).
•' Male. Fawn colour : forewings with a very large brown pale-borderd curved
discal mark, which is concave towards the costa, and is there accompanied by a pale-
bordered brown dot ; submarginal fine straight, oblique, brown, diffuse on the inner
side, pale bordered on the outer side : hindwings cinereous. Abdomen and underside
testaceous. Palpi erect, applied close to the head, but not ascending to the vertex,
third ioint conical, not more than one-fourth the length of the second.
" Expanse 14 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. B. L. Layard's Collection.
Genus SASUNAGA.
Sasunaga, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 342; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 105.
Forewing very narrow ; costa almost straight ; exterior margin obHque, convex,
waved ; posterior margin convex at the base ; costal vein extending two-thirds the
margin ; first subcostal branch emitted at two-thirds and second at one-fourth before
end of the cell, third branch one-third and fourth at one-half from below second, fifth
curving from end of the cell and free from the third ; upper radial from end of the
cell; discocellular obliquely concave, lower radial from near its middle; cell long,
16 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
very narrow at the base ; upper median branch from angle above end of the cell,
middle branch from the end, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian curved
downward near the base : hindwing very broad, triangular ; costa convex near the
base, apex convex ; exterior margin very oblique, waved ; abdominal margin long ;
costal vein shghtly arched near the base, extending to apex ; two subcostal branches
from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, concave ; radial very slender, emitted
from below middle of discocellular ; cell short, broad ; two upper median branches
from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal
vein straight, the latter extending to anal angle. Thorax robust, abdomen long,
somewhat slender and extending beyond the wing ; palpi ascending, slender, second
joint squamose, reaching to vertex ; third joint half its length, cylindrical ; femora
pilose beneath, tibiae tufted above ; anteunte setose.
Near to Dipterygia. The American genus Magusa (Walker, Catal. Lep. Het.
B. M. xi. p. 762) is a very closely allied form.
SASUNAGA TENEBROSA (Plate 145, Fig. 7).
Hadena tenebrosa, Moore, Pioc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 59.
Sasunarja tenebrosa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 343; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 106.
Porewing dark brown, with short ochreous-bordered blackish costal streaks,
lengthened longitudinal upper discal and less distinct lower discal streaks, and
oblique streaks below the cell, the latter bordered by an ascending lower discal
curved duplex sinuous pale-pointed black line, and a submarginal less distinct pale-
pointed sinuous line ; the ochreous borders palest before the apex ; orbicular spot
small, ochreous with black border, reniform spot less distinct : hindwing glossy
cupreous-brown, palest at the base ; cilia cinnamon-brown. Thorax dark brown,
l)lack speckled ; abdomen pale brown, tuft ochreous ; palpi and legs ochreous, brown
speckled ; tarsi with blackish bands.
Expanse, S 1-*-, 2 If inch.
Remark. — Some specimens of this insect are pale ochreous-brown, with less
distinct darker brown and black streaks, and also show a darker subapical costal
patch.
Genus DYPTERYGIA.
Dyptenjuia, Stephens, Sjst. Catal. Brit. Ins. ii. p. 77 (1829); 11 lust. Brit. Ent. Haust. ii. p. 167(1829).
Male : forewing elongate, moderately broad, exterior margin oblique, convex,
and slightly scalloped above the angle ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before
end of the cell, second at one-eighth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and by a very
short spur touching extreme base of third ; discocellular concave, radial from upper
and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at
APAMIIBJE. 17
one-tliird before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, apex convex ; two
subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular slightly concave, bent below the middle,
radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ;
submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; palpi ascending,
second joint reaching level of the eyes, loosely clothed, third joint short, cylindrical ;
antennae setose ; legs stout, spurred. (D. pinastri.)
DYPTEEYGIA STJBCURVA (Plate 145, Fig. 8).
Iladena subcurva. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xi. p. 592 (1857), tj.
Hadena postica, Walker, id. p. 594, J.
Male : forewing blackish purplish-ferruginous ; crossed by subbasal and ante-
medial outwardly oblique sinuous duplex black lines, and similar discal lines which
are outwardly angulated at the median vein ; a submarginal series of longitudinal
black streaks which are most distinct on middle of the exterior border ; two marginal
rows of indistinct ferruginous dots ; between the lines across the middle are two
indistinct less sinuovis blackish lines ; orbicular and reniform spots indistinct : hind-
wing cuprescent-brown, paling to cinei'eous at the base ; cilia edged with cinereous-
white below the apex and at anal angle. Body blackish-ferruginous, sides of abdomen
cinereous-brown; legs with pale bauds. Female paler : forewing with a ferruginous-
white broken patch at the posterior angle, and some speckles along the exterior
margin.
Expanse li^ inch.
Genus LAPHYGMA.
Laphygma, Guenee, Noct. i. p. 156 (1852).
Tdmia (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 227 (1818-25).
Male : forewing elongated, narrow ; cell extending two-thirds the length ; first
subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth
from end of the cell, ascending and slightly touching third near its base ; disco-
cellular concave, radials from upper and near lower end ; middle median from angle
close to end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian recurved : hindwing rather
long, narrow, apex convex, exterior margin obliquely recurved; two subcostals from
end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper
medians on a footstalk beyond end of the cell, lower at about one-third before end
of the cell ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately slender ; palpi
thick, ascending, squamose : apical joint minute, conical ; antenna slender, minutely
ciliated ; legs slender, long, middle and hind tibige with long spurs. {L. exUjua.)
LAPHYGMA OBSTANS.
Laphygma obslans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 653 (1865).
"Male. Ferruginous-brown: forewings blackish-brown, with black broadly
VOL. III. ^
18 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
ferruginous-bordered denticulated and undulating lines ; interior and exterior lines
very remote from each otHer ; submarginal line ferruginous, undulating, incomplete,
partly double ; marginal festoon black, with, a ferruginous outer border; orbicular
and reniform marks ferruginous, black bordered, very large, and near eacb other,
the latter very slightly excavated : hindwiugs white, semi-hyaline ; marginal line
brown. Abdomen cinereous, with brownish crests towards the base; third joint
of palpi conical, not more than one-fourth length of the second; antennae stout,
minutely serrated, each tooth with a minute tuft of hairs.
"Expanse 11 to 12 lines,"
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection,
LAPHYGMA TRAJICIENS.
Laphygma trqjiciens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 653 (1865).
" Male, Very pale fawn colour above, whitish-testaceous beneath : forewings
with the lines blackish-brown, slight, denticulated, pale bordered ; submarginal line
pale, interrupting some black submarginal sti'eaks ; marginal points black ; orbicular
and reniform marks pale, large, the former round, the latter hardly excavated, with
its disc mostly blackish-brown ; some blackish marks along the costa : hindwings
white, opaline. Third joint of palpi conical, not more than one-fourth the length of
second ; antenna? thickly setose.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
Genus PRODENIA.
Prodenia, Guenee, Noct. i. p. 159 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. is. p. 191.
Male : forewing elongate, rather narrow, exterior margin oblique, posterior
margin recurved ; cell narrow, extending to three-fifths the length ; first subcostal
emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end
of the cell, touching the third for some distance near the base ; discocellular concave,
bent close to lower end, radial from upper end and lower angle ; middle median from
angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end; submedian
recurved : hindwing short, apex convex, exterior margin oblique and slightly convex
in the middle ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave in the
middle, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell ; lower
at nearly one-third before the end. Body stout ; palpi laxly squamose, second joint
thick, third joint thick and conical ; antennje slender, ciliated ; legs stout, spurred.
Type, P. retina.
APAMHDjE. 19
PRODENIA LITTORALIS (Plate 146, Fig. 1, \n, $ q, \h, larva).
Hadena littoralis, Boisduval, Faun. Eat. Madaj;. Lcp. p. 91, pi. 13, fig. 8 (1834), g.
Neuria retina, Freyer, IJeitr. Schmett, v. p. 161, pi. 478, lig. 2, 3 (1846), J?; II. Sclia;ff. Fur.
Schmott. ii. p. 292, pi. 29, f. 144-5, cj ?.
Prodenia retina, Giienee, Noct. i. p. 163; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Hut. U. M. ix. p. 192.
Prodenia ciligera, Guen. id. p. 164 (1852), $ g.
Prodenia testaceoides, Guen. id. p. 165, pi. 6, lig. 7, g .
Prodenia glaucistriija, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 197 (1856), (^.
Prodenia subterminalis, Walker, id. p. 196, ? .
Prodenia declinata, Walker, id. xi. p.' 723, $ .
Male : forewing purplish greyish-brown, the veins from the base to the disc
lined with jDurplish-white ; along the costa are some short white oblique streaks with
black borders ; a white line extends from the base below the cell and curves upward
to the subcostal vein, beyond which is a transverse antemedial angulated white line,
the lower end of - which is bent inward; within the cell is a prominent large out-
wardly oblique purplish-white streaked orbicular mark, the end of which is suffusedly
continued below the cell ; reniform mark large, purplish-white lined and with brown
centre ; across the disc is a zigzag lunular white line ; all the lines and marks having
blackish borders : from the apex across the outer discal area is an oblique purplish-
grey fascia, which is interruptedly traversed by black streaks between the veins ;
alonsr the marginal border are two whitish lunular lines and a blackish denticulated
outer line ; the area between the medial and discal transverse lines is of a pale
ochreous-brown : hindwiug purplish opalescent-white, apical border brownish, the
veins lined with pale brown. Female : forewiug purplish ochreous-bx'own, with less
distinct markings as in male, and all of a pale purplish ochreous-brown ; below the
orbicular mark is a small sagittate black mark.
Expanse 1| to If inch.
Larva pale violet-brown, with a subdorsal row of narrow yellow spots bordered
above by black lunules ; a lateral row of violet-black spots centred by a white dot,
below which is a sublateral white-dotted line. Pupa pale reddish, the head olivaceous.
" Feeds on Lantana, &c." (Z'r. Tlivmites.)
PRODENIA NUBES.
Spodoptera nubes, Guenee, Noct. i. p. 155 (1852), J.
Spodoptera jilium, Guen. id. p. 155, ?.
Prodenia infect a, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. [). 196 (1856).
Prodenia insignata, Walker, id. ix. p. 197.
Agrotis transducta. Walker, id. x. p. 344 (1856), ?.
Laphjrjma squalida, Walker, id. xxxii. p. 652 (1865), $ .
Prodenia venustula, Walker, id. xxxii. p. 654, g .
Agrotis submarginalis. Walker, id. xxxii. p. 699, 9 .
Prodenia peiinunda, Walker, id. xi. p. 723 (1857), ?.
Male : f orewing violaceous greyish-brown ; with a transverse grey-bordered black
D 2
20 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
sinuous subbasal line, an antemedial and a postmedial line, a more distinct sub-
marginal grey-bordered line with acutely prolonged inner black points, and a marginal
row of black dots ; orbicular spot greyish-oclireous, with slight black centre and
black outer ring ; reniforiu spot with black ring and large black centre ; a slight
greyish oblique lower streak between the two spots : hindwing purplish opalescent-
white, veins externally and marginal line brown. Female : forewing mottled greyish-
brown, with the markings less defined : hindwing as in male. Thorax, head, palpi,
and legs violaceous greyish-brown, abdomen paler ; palpi and tarsi with black bands.
Expanse, $ 1-h, 2 li^inch.
PRODENIA APERTURA.
Prodenia apertura, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 654 (1865).
" Male. Fawn colour above, mostly whitish beneath : forewings shaded with
cinereous about the middle part of the exterior border and about that of the interior
border ; lines black, pale bordered ; basal line as usual, interior line angular, con-
tiguous to an elliptical incomplete black ringlet on its outer side, and on its inner
side to a black angular mark by the interior border ; exterior line undulating, bent ;
some blackish streaks between it and the exterior border ; a white longitudinal line
which commences at the interior line, is forked near the exterior line, and proceeds
along two veins to the border ; orbicular and reniform marks large, pale, the former
black bordered, the latter containing two black jioints : hindwings white. Abdomen
pale testaceous ; palpi porrect, third joint less than half the length of the second ;
thorax brownish on each side, and with two brown lines in front. Expanse 10 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection. It
is probably a female of P. littoralis.
Genus CALOGRAMMA.
Cahijramma, Giienee, Noct. i. p. 165 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 198.
Forewing long, narrow, apex rounded, exterior margin obliquely convex ; cell
narrow, extending to more than half length of the wing ; first subcostal vein emitted
at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third from near base of
second above end of the cell, fourth at nearly one-half from base of third, fifth from
end of the cell, curved upward and joined to third for a short distance; discocellular
concave, radials from upper and lower ends ; middle median from near end of the
cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, broad;
costal and subcostal touching near their base ; two subcostals from end of the cell ;
discocellular bent slightly in the middle, radial from below the angle ; two upper
medians from end and lower at one-third before end of the cell ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body stout, abdomen long, extending much beyond the
APAMIIDJE. 21
hindwings ; palpi slioi-t, tliick, porrect, first and second joints laxly squamose
beneath, second joint thick, third joint short, conical ; antennae minutely pectinated
in male, setose in female; legs stont, middle and hind tibite with long spurs.
CALOGRAMMA FESTIVA (Plate 146, Fig. 6).
Noctuafestiva, Donovan, Epit. Ins. New IIoll. (1805).
Calogramma festiva, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 198 (1856).
Poliapicta, Boisd. Voy. Astrol. I. Lep. p. 241 (1832).
Noctua plcta, Guerin, Voy. Coquille, ii. p. 285, pi. 19, f. 7.
Calogramma picta, Guen. Noct. i. p. 166.
Forewing dull yellowish-ochreous, or pale testaceous-yellow ; with some ill-
defined black basal streaks on the costa and below the cell ; an interrupted transverse
antemedial sinuous duplex line, some triangular marks, followed by the renifbrm mark
within the cell, a lengthened lanceolate mark from the antemedial line below the cell,
a zigzag discal denticulated duplex line, and an outer discal interrupted series of short
black streaks ; all these markings being more or less bordered with purple-red, the
costal edge also streaked with purple-red : hindwing opalescent ochreous-white.
Body yellowish-ochreous ; thorax, head, palpi, and legs streaked with purple-red.
Expanse \\ to If inch.
Genus NEURIA.
Neuria, Guenee, Ann. Sec. Ent. Fr. x. p. 241 (1841); Dnpout. Catal. Meth. Enr. Lep. p. 138; Gnen.
Noct. i. p. 166.
Male : forewing elongate, apex obtusely pointed, exterior margin oblique and
slightly convex ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at
one-fourth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and joined to third near its base by a
short spur ; discocellular obliquely concave, bent close to each end, radials from the
angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before
the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, exterior margin convex ; two sub-
costals from end of the cell ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from below the
middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ;
submedian and internal curved. Body stout, thorax laxly clothed ; palpi stout, laxly
pilose, slightly ascending, third joint thick, cylindrical, short ; antenna minutely
serrated and ciliated; legs thick, spurred.
{N. Saponarice.)
NEUEIA RETRAHENS.
Hadena retraliens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xi. p. 757 (1857).
Male : forewing purplish cinereous-brown ; with a transverse subbasal and an
antemedial outwardly oblique purplish-white black-bordered undulating line, the
22 THE LEPIbOPTERA OF CEYLON.
latter line being continued along the middle of posterior margin, and then extending
obliquely upward across the disc to near the apex, and is then bent inward to the
costa above end of the cell; a sub marginal row of black spots traversed by a purplish-
white lunular line; a marginal denticulated black line; orbicular spot outwardly
oblique, black lined ; reniform mark with purplish outer bordered line ; below the
cell, between the median and submedian, is a large conical black spot; edge of
posterior margin pale whitish-cinereous : hindwing pale bro-nai, palest at the base ;
cilia pale cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs purplish cinereous-brown ;
abdomen pale brown ; legs with pale bands.
Expanse If inch.
NEURIA DISSECTA (Plate 146, Fig. 7).
Heliophohis cHssectus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxii. p. 6.56 (186.5), j.
Forewiug dark purplish-brown, or purplish-black, the veins lined with pale
purple ; crossed by a slender black, yellow or pale purple-bordered subbasal line, an
outwardly oblique antemedial similar line, and a discal inwardly oblique line, each
line being bent inward to the costa, the two inner lines from the subcostal vein and
the discal line from the upper radial ; a submarginal similar coloured sinuous line,
and a marginal row of black dentate marks ; a pale streak from angle of the discal
line to the apex ; orbicular and reniform mark defined by a yellowish and pale purple
line: hindwing cinereous-brown; cilia edged with pale cinereous. Thorax, head,
palpi, and legs dark purplish-brown, and yellow speckled; tarsi with pale bands.
Abdomen cinereous-brown, anal segment pale ferruginous.
Expanse If inch.
NEURIA DISCREPANS.
IIelio2')Jiobns discrepans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 655 (1865),
" Male. Cinereous-brown above, testaceous beneath : fore wings with black
denticulated lines which are interrupted by pale cinereous streaks along the veins ;
a short broad oblique pale cinereous-brown speckled discal streak ; marginal lunules
black ; costal subapical points testaceous-cinereous ; reniform mark pale bordered,
very large : hindwings cupreous, cinereous towards the base ; fringe testaceous.
Wings beneath with a large blackish discal spot and with two exterior brown lines.
Palpi obliquely ascending, third joint linear, rounded at the tip, nearly half length
of the second ; antennae long, rather broadly pectinated, bare at the tips.
" Expanse 16 to 18 lines."
Described from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
APAMIIDyE. 23
Genus OXIRA.
Oxira, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. G,J6 (1865).
" Forewiugs subquadrate at tlie tips ; exterior border sliglitly convex and oblique.
Body stout, abdomen with rather a large apical tuft; palpi porrect, pubescent,
extending somewhat beyond the head, second joint broad, oblique at the tip, third
joint subclavate, hardly half the length of second ; antenuEe moderately pectinated ;
legs stout, femora broadly fringed, spurs moderately long."
OXIRA OCHRACEA.
Oxira ochracea, Walker, Oatal. Lei). Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 657 (1865).
" Male. Ochraceous : forewings minutely black speckled ; with four black
antemedial points in the disc ; two incomplete denticulated, double black lines, one
on the inner side of the orbicular, the other on the outer side of the reniform mark;
a broader single bent and undulating black line between the marks ; a row of black
points beyond the second double line ; submarginal line blackish, double, nearly
straight ; orbicular and reniform marks large, incompletely black bordered : hind-
wings cinereous. Body reddish beneath, abdomen cinereous ; first and second
joint of palpi black on the outer side ; tibiiB and posterior tarsi blackish ; tips of
the joints of latter cinereous, spurs cinereous, with broad blackish band. Expanse
18 lines."
Genus MAMESTRA.
Mamesira, Oclisenlieimer, Schmett. Eiir. iv. p. 76 (1816); Samouelle, Ent. U. Comp. p. 251 (1819);
Hubuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 214 (1818-25).
Male : forewing elongated, apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, posterior angle
obtusely pointed ; cell extending three-fifths the length of the wing ; first subcostal
emitted at one-half before end of the cell, and second at one-fourth, trifid ; fifth from
end of the cell, ascending and touching thu'd near its base; discocellular deeply
concave, radials from upper and near lower ends; middle median from close to end
of the cell, lower at one-fifth before the end ; submedian slightly curved near the
base : hindwing slightly produced apically, exterior margin oblique, convex ; cell
extending to half length of the wing; two subcostals on a footstalk at a short
distance beyond end of the cell ; discocellular bent inward before the middle, radial
from two-thirds above the lower end ; middle median from angle immediately before
end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body moderately stout ; palpi porrect, extending slightly beyond the head,
very laxly pilose, third joint short, obtuse, imbedded in hairs ; femora and tibice laxly
clothed, middle and hind tibite spurred ; antenna3 serrated, thickly ciliated.
(Type, M. pisi.)
24 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
MAMESTEA OPPOSITA.
Mamestra opposita, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 667 (1865).
" Male. Cinereous-black, reddisb-ciiiereous beueath : forewings with three
double deutate deep black lines, first line very near the base, second on the inner
side of the orbicular mark, connected with the reniform by a short obhque deep
black line, third line beyond the reniform, connected with some deep black streaks
in which the submarginal whitish line is apparent ; marginal points deep black ;
intermediate marginal points whitish ; some deep black costal dots and three exterior
whitish costal points ; orbicular and reniform marks lai'ge, incompletely bordered
with deep black and with whitish, the latter containing a triangular ochraceous-
whitish spot : hindwings whitish, with a brownish marginal line, fringe with a
reddish tinge. Abdomen blackish-cinereous, second, third and fourth segments
with blackish crests ; tibias and tarsi blackish above, tips of tarsal joints cinereous.
Expanse 20 lines."
Genus THALPOPHILA.
Thalpophila, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 208 (1818-25); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M, ix.p. 214.
Cerifjo, Stephens, lUust, Brit. Ent. Huust. ii. p. 106 (1829).
Male. Fore wing elongated, moderately broad ; costa almost straight, apex
hardly acute, exterior margin oblique; cell extending beyond half the wing; first
subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third
at one-fifth from base of second and fourth at bL'yond one-half from base of third,
fifth from end of the cell, ascending and joining third for a short distance near its
base; discocellular concave, bent near lower end, upper radial emitted from below
fifth subcostal at a short distance beyond the cell, lower radial from lower angle of
the discocellular ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower median
at about one-half before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, broad ;
costa arched at the base, exterior margin convex, waved ; costal and subcostal joined
together near the base, two subcostal branches from beyond end of the cell, disco-
cellular obliquely concave, radial from below the middle ; cell extending to half the
wing ; middle median from angle very close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-
third before the end ; submedian and internal slightly curved. Body moderately
stout, thorax laxly clothed, abdomen extending beyond hindwings ; palpi ascending,
laxly pilose, second joint extending to level of the eyes, third joint short, thick,
cylindrical ; legs thick, fore tibi« hairy beneath, middle and hind tibife hairy above,
spurred; antennjB finely bipectinated.
Tyjpe, T. texta.
APAMIIDJ;. 2:-,
THALPOPHILA DELINEATA (Platk 146, Fio. 5,?).
Female: forewing dark purple-brown; with two small black wluto-bordererl
spots at the base, placed one above the other, a subbasal slender white line curving
outward from the subcostal to posterior margin, a similar line extending from the
costa to median vein, enclosing the orbicular and reniform marks, and thence upward
to the costa above end of the cell, a white discal line also curving outward from the
costa, and a submarginal denticulated line ending in grey speckles at the costa, the
lines mostly with black borders ; a marginal black luuular line : hindwing pale
golden-yellow, with broad diffused cuprescent-brown marginal band. Thorax dark
purple-browu ; abdomen pale golden-yellow, anal segment cupreous-brown ; palpi
with black lateral streak ; forelegs dark purple-brown, tarsi with pale bands, middle
and hind legs pale purplish-white, tarsi speckled with dark purple-brown.
Expanse 1^^ inch. In Mr. Mackwood's Collection.
Nearest to Thai, cuprea, from the Andaman Isles. Differs on forewing in its
much darker colour, more prominent basal spots, which are white bordered, the
white transverse lines, the discal line being much less sinuous and zigzag in crossing
the wing ; the hindwing has the marginal band diffused on its inner border, not
sharply defined as in that species.
Genus BERRESA.
Berrcsa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 214 (1858).
Wings small. Male : forewing short, broad, elliptic, clothed with short broad
imbricated scales ; costa arched at the base, exterior margin slightly 'convex, posterior
margin convex towards the base ; costal and subcostal veins arched at the base ; first
subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-tenth, swollen at
the base, trifid, third from close to base of the second, fifth from end of the cell and
touching third near its base ; cell extending two-thirds the wing, within its middle
is a large smooth-rimmed tympanistic depression, which is bordered on the underside
along the inner end by a broad fan composed of lengthened broad stout plumose
scale ; discocellular concave in the middle, bent close to each end, radials from the
angles ; median distorted, much swollen and curved downward from the middle to
about one-third before end of the cell; middle median emitted at one-tenth, and
lower at about three-tenths before end of the cell ; submedian recurved downward
from the base, widely separated from the median : hindwing short, broad, costa
arched at the base, exterior margin convex, costal and subcostal joined together for
a short distance beyond the base; two subcostals from end of the cell; discocellular
oblique, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell,
lower at one-fifth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Cilia
VOL. III. -1^
26 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
broad ; abdominal border fringed with long liairs. Body short ; thorax stout, broad,
clothed with broad spatular scales ; head small ; palpi ascending to level of vertex,
first and second joints thick and laxly squamose, third joint lanceolate ; antennas
slender, setose ; legs long, stout, femora slightly pilose beneath, spurs long.
BERRESA NATALIS (Plate 146, Fig. 3, ^ ).
Ben-esa natalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 214 (1858).
Forewino- dark cinereous-brown ; crossed by indistinct basal, subbasal and
discal greyish-white and black-speckled denticulated lines, a less prominent submar-
ginal line and marginal black dots ; reniform mark indicated by greyish-white dots ;
male with a large rounded tympanistic depression in middle of the cell : hindwing
duller cinereous-brown, crossed by an indistinct pale curved discal line. Body
greyish cinereous-brown; palpi speckled with dark brown; legs with blackish
speckled bands.
Expanse nj to ,-^u in.
Genus ILATTIA.
Ilattia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 208 (1858).
Wings small : forewing short, triangular ; cell extending to half length of the
wino- ; in the male the subcostal and median veins are slightly curved before the
first branches, and within the cell is a rounded tympanistic sac, which is smooth,
depressed in the middle on the upperside, and on the underside is bordered along
its inner end by a fan-like lappet of broad plumose scales ; first subcostal branch
emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, fifth from end of the
cell and touching the third near its base ; discocelkdar recurved, radials from near
upper and lower ends ; middle median at one-eighth and lower median at one-half
before end of the cell ; submedian slightly curved : hindwing short, very broad ; cell
less than half length of the Aving ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
oblique, concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the
cell, lower at one-fourth before the cud. Body moderately slender, abdomen rather
lonf, thorax clothed with broad spatular scales ; palpi projecting to level of vertex,
first and second joints smoothly sipiamose, third lanceolate; legs long; antenna
setose.
Differs from Berresa in the triangular form of forewing, the different position
of the tympanistic sac, as well as in the relative positions of the veins in the male,
the more slender and longer body, and less robust palpi.
APAMIIDyE. 27
ILATTIA CEPHUSALIS (Plate 146, Fio. 4,^?, 4r,, $).
Ilattia ceph II. •.all's, Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. 15. JI. xvi. p. 208 (18o8).
Miana innrnata. Walker, kl. xxxii. p. (i77 (1865).
Pcrigea leuconpila, Walker, id. xxxii. p. 683, ?.
Forewing vinous-brown, grey speckled ; crossed by indistinct basal, suljbasal,
discal, and submarginal bkck denticulated lines, which are bordered with greyish-
w^hite speckles ; a marginal row of minute white-pointed black dots ; i-cniforni nioio
or less distinct, with the lower part grey speckled in the male and pale ochreous
in the female ; male with a rounded tympanistic depression near base of the cell :
hindwing dark cinereous-brown ; cilia pale cinereous-broAvn. Body vinous-brown ;
abdomen paler ; thorax grey speckled ; palpi and legs pale brownish-ochreous.
Expanse 1% to 1 inch.
Genus APAMEA.
Apamen, Ochsenlieimei', Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 75 (1816); Samouelle, Eat. U. C'o:iip. p. 2.31 (1819).
Male : forewing elongated, costa almost straight, apex pointed, exterior margin
oblique, convex, scalloped ; cell extending to three-fifths the wing, narrow ; first
subcostal emitted at more than one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth,
trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching third near its base ; discocellular deeply
concave, radials from upper and near lower end ; middle median from angle near end
of the cell, lower at one-tliird before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short,
broad, apex convex, exterior margin oblique, slightly scalloped ; cell extending to
half the wing; two subcostals from end of the cell; discocellular deeply bent in the
middle, radial from near the lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell,
lower at about one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight.
Body moderately stout ; thorax stout, woolly, abdomen dorsally carinated and slightly
crested ; palpi porrect, second joint extending beyond the front, laxly pilose, third
joint short, thick, clavate, squamose ; antennae ciliated ; legs stout, femora and tibia?
thickly clothed, middle and hind tibiee spurred. (A. hasilinea.)
APAMEA PANNOSA (Plate 147, Fig. 1,9).
Apaiiu'ii paniiosa, Moore, Proc. Zool. See. 1881, p. 34.5.
Forewing dark ferruginous-brown in male, blackish-brown in female ; crossed
by a black-bordered pale ochreous zigzag sinuous subbasal line, an antemedial and a
discal line, and a lunular submarginal line, the last ending in a large pale ochreous
patch at the apex ; a marginal row of black dentate spots ; interciliary line also pale
ochreous ; a pale ochreous patch below the base of the cell and a diffused patch at
the posterior angle ; orbicular and reniform marks black lined and with pale ochreous
inner border, the centre streaked with ferruginous-brown : hindwing, and abdomen,
E 2
28 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
cinereous-brown ; cilia pale cinereous. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above ferru-
ginous-brown ; tarsi with pale ochreous bands.
Expanse, <? ItV, 2 l-nr inch.
APAMEA CONSANGUIS.
Iladena consangtiis, Guenec, Noct. ii. p. 97 (18o2).
Ajjamea widicilia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 251 (1856).
Forewing pale brownish-ochreous, speckled with brown ; some blackish streaks
along the costa ; a dark brown subbasal, an antemedial, and a discal zigzag duplex
line, the medial area being more or less dark brown ; a small rounded black-lined
mark below the cell ; a marginal pale-bordered sinuous brown band, and a slender
lunular interciliary line ; orbicular and reniform mark black lined : hindwing pale
cinereous, with broad brownish outer border. Body ochreous-brown ; thorax streaked
with ferruginous-brown ; tarsi with black bands.
Expanse, $ \\, ? 1-| inch.
Genus PERIGEA.
Perigea, Guenee, Noct. i. p. 225 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. JI. x. p. 270.
Forewiug elongated; cell extending more than half length of the wing; first
subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, the
third from close to its base immediately above end of the cell, and fourth at one-third
beyond base of the third, fifth from end of the cell and joined to third by a short
spur close to its base ; discocellular obliquely concave, radials from upper end and
close to lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-
third before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, exterior margin convex,
slightly scalloped; cell extending to nearly one-half the wing; costal and subcostal
joined together near their base ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
oblique, recurved, radial from below the middle ; middle median from immediately
before end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal vein straight.
Body rather stout ; palpi ascending, second joint extending to level of the eyes, first
and second joints laxly squamose, third joint cylindric ; antennge setose ; legs rather
thick, femora pilose beneath, spurs long.
PERIGEA CENTRALIS (Plate 147, Fjg. 2, ^ , 2a, larva).
Perigea centralis, Walker, Catal. Lp]). Het. B. M. xi. p. 734 (1857), ? .
Celcvna serva, Walker, id. xv. p. I(>b9 (1858), (J.
Perigea canorvja, Walker, id. xx.\ii. p. 683 (1865), i .
Perigea illecta, Walker, id. p. 684, j .
Hadena spargens, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 739 (1865), ? .
Iladena taprobane, Felder et Rogenli. Novara Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 110, fig. 3 (1874), 9.
Forewing dark cinereous-brown or vinaceous-brown ; numerously speckled with
CAKADRINIDJE. 29
greyisli-ochreous or whitish scales, which arc most distinct along the veins in some
specimens ; crossed by an indistinct basal, subbasal, and discal denticulated black
lines, which are more or less distinctly bordered with greyish-ochreous or whitish
scales, the discal line with lengthened speckled points ; a similar submarginal broader
line, and a marginal row of black points ; orbicular and rcniform marks defined by
blackish bordered greyish-ochreous dots, the orbicular indistinct : hindwing pale
brown ; cinereous at the base ; cilia whitish-cinereous. Body dark brown ; palpi
ochreous-white, black speckled ; legs whitish with black bands.
Expanse 1^ to If inch.
Larva smooth, pale green, anal segment conical ; with a dorsal and lateral series
of purple-brown blotches dotted with white, and a sublateral row of white dots.
Pupa greenish, with reddish segmental bands.
" Feeds on Acanthads." [Br. Thivaites.)
Family CARADRINID^.
Imago of rather small size : forewings roof-shaped in repose. Larva short and
thick, Avith short stiff hairs ; feeds on low plants. Pupa in a subterranean cocoon.
{St a into II.)
Genus AMYNA.
Annjna, Guenee, Noct. i. p. 233 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. x. p. 299.
Forewing broad, triangular, acuminated at the apex, cell narrow, extending to
nearly two-thirds the wing ; first subcostal emitted at one-half and second at one-
eighth before end of the cell, fifth from end of the cell and touching third midway
between its base and the fourth at a short distance beyond the cell ; discocellular
concave in the middle, radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median
from close to end of the cell, lower at about two-fifths before the end ; submedian
slightly curved : hindwing large, broad ; costal and subcostal joined together at their
base ; cell broad, not extending to half the wing ; two subcostals from end of the
cell ; discocellular recurved, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from
end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
slender, abdomen long and attenuated in male ; palpi porrect, laterally broad,
squamose, second joint rectangular, third short, lanceolate ; antenna long, slender,
setose ; legs long, femora fringed beneath, spurs long.
30 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
AMYNA SELENAMPHA (Plate 147, Fig. 3, Zn,S $ ).
Amyna sdenampha, Gueiiee, Noct. i. \\ 406 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. x. p. 300; xv.
p. 1696.
Alarms spoliata, Walker, ul. xiii. p. 1050 (1857), ? .
Hadena latipennis. Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 738 (1865), ?.
Aviyna ahsens, Guen. MS. Ilorsf. Coll. ? .
Male : forewing dark cinereous-brown ; crossed by indistinct basal, subbasal,
and discal zigzag grey-bordered black denticulated lines, a less distinct submarginal
line and marginal dots ; reniform mark indistinct, either formed of grey-bordered
dots, or with the lower part entirely whitish : hindwing duller cinereous-brown.
Body dark cinereous-brown ; head in front, palpi, and legs whitish-ochreous and
black speckled ; front legs with black bands. Cilia edged with cinereous.
Female darker coloured, vinaceous-brown, the transverse lines more distinct and
with more or less prominently broader speckled borders.
Expanse If to If inch.
Genus RADINACRA.
Eadinacra, Butier, Aunals of Natural History, 1878, p. 161.
" Closely allied to Caradrina, from which it may be distinguished by the great
length of the apical joint of the palpi, and the great development of the anal tuft
and appendices of the male."
(Type, R. paljMlis.)
RADINACRA PLACIDA (Plate 147, Fig. 4, ^ ).
Male and female : forewing ochreous-brown ; crossed l)y an indistinct subbasal,
an antemedial, and a medial black line, a discal and a submarginal blackish speckled
line, the discal line denticulated, the middle line broadest ; a small black orbicular
spot, and indistinct blackish reniform mark : hindwing whitish, veins pale brown.
Body ochreous-brown ; palpi with a broad black band ; legs pale ochreous-brown
with blackish tarsal bauds.
Expanse 1 inch.
Described from specimens obtained from the late Dr. Thwaites' Collection.
RADINACRA RENALIS (Plate 147, Fig. 4o).
Female : forewing dark cinereous-brown ; crossed by a subbasal, an antemedial
and a medial waved black line, the latter line the broadest, a discal denticulated black
line with white tipt points, a less distinct submarginal line, and a marginal row
of white dots ; each line ends on the costa in a pale ochreous spot ; within the cell
between the two inner lines is a pure white-speckled spot ; reniform mark composed
of a pure white or ochreous-white central spot and black border with two or three
NOCTUIDJE. 31
white lower and upper tiots : liindwing pale cinereous-l)i-o\v-n, the veins darker
brown ; cilia edged with ciuereous-white. Body dark brown ; palpi and tarsi with
black bands.
Expanse 1 inch.
From the late Dr. Thwaites' Collection.
EADINACRA THORACICA (Plate 148, Fig. 4).
Male and female : forewing pale ochreous-brown, with a very indistinct trans-
verse basal, antemedial, and a medial blackish-scaled sinuous lino, a discal slightly
recurved pale ochreous line, and a less distinct sinuous pale submargiual line ; the
discal line with a few blackish scales along its inner border ; and a more conspicuous
patch of blackish scales before the middle of the sinuous submargiual line ; along the
extreme outer margin is a row of minute black dots ; cilia with a pale inner line :
hind wing whitish-cinereous, semitransparent, veins and marginal line ochreous-brown.
Thorax in male with a broad brownish-black band in front ; abdomen brown above ;
palpi at the side, and bands on forelegs above dark brown.
Expanse 1-/-^ inch.
Described from specimens obtained from the Collection of the late Dr. Thwaites.
Family NOCTUID-S.
Imago of moderate size ; forewings smooth or shining, crossing one another a
little in repose and forming a roof almost flat ; body stout, abdomen flat, not crested.
Larva thick, smooth, shining or velvety, generally of dull colours ; lives on low plants,
concealing itself either under leaves on the ground or even in subterranean galleries.
Pupa subterranean, enclosed in an earthen cocoon. {Staiiifoii.)
Genus AGROTIS.
Agrotis, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 1 (1806); Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 66 (1816) ; Guenee;
Walker.
Male : forewing elongate, apex obtuse, exterior margin oblique, slightly convex ;
cell extending to two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end
of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, ascending and joined
to third by a very short spur near the base ; discocellular concave, upper radial from
end of the cell in a line with subcostal, lower radial from near the lower end ; middle
median from angle close to end of the cell, lower median at one-fourth before the end ;
submedian recurved : hindwing short, broad, apex convex, exterior margin somewhat
angular in the middle ; costal and subcostal joined at their base; two subcostals from
32 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
end of the cell ; discocellular bent near tlie middle, radial from below the middle ;
two upper medians from end of tlie cell, lower at about one-fourth ; submedian and
internal straight. Body stout, thorax compactly clothed, not crested ; palpi porrect,
first and second joints of equal length, thickly clothed with long hairs, third joint
subovate, squamose ; antennge rather broadly bipectinated at the base and thence
setose to the tip in male ; legs long, femora pilose beneath, tibiae compactly clothed,
fore tibiae above with, two lateral rows of long stout spines, middle and hind tibisB
with similarly disposed but shorter spines in addition to the spurs beneath, tarsi
thickly spiued. {Tijpe, A. segetum.)
AGROTIS ARISTIFERA (Plate 147, Fig. 5, <J ).
Agrotis aristifera, Gueaee, Nout. i. p. 266 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. x. p. 344.
Male : forewing pale lilacine brownish-ochreous ; with transverse basal and
subbasal indistinct blackish duplex lines, a black-lined sagittate orbicular mark and
a large reniform mark, the intervening space black streaked ; a lengthened black
lanceolate mark below the cell ; a transverse submarginal series of blackish pale
bordered zigzag streaks traversed by a pale sinuous line ; a marginal row of black
dots : hindwing white. Female : forewing darker ; prominently marked as in male :
liindwing pale brownish along anterior and exterior borders, the veins brown. Body
brownish-ochreous ; abdomen whitish-cinereous ; palpi and legs with black bauds.
Expanse lyV to 1-nr inch.
AGROTIS PUNCTIPES.
Affi-otis jninctipea, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 695 (1865).
" Male and female. Whitish-cinereous, with a slight testaceous tinge : forewiugs
minutely speckled with black ; a brown straight discal line extending from the base
to beyond the middle, where there is a small brown mark ; lines brownish, undulating,
very slender, almost obsolete ; marginal points black ; two blackish dots on the
exterior part of the above line ; the interior one larger than the other and partly
reddish ; two black costal dots, of which the exterior one is larger beneath ; orbicular
and reniform marks obsolete : hindwings whitish, semi-hyaline, brownish along the
exterior border, which has black points beneath ; fringe whitish. Palpi short,
second joint marked with brown on the outer side, third conical, extremely minute,
not more than one-sixth of the length of the second ; spurs at the base, and knees
with black points.
"Expanse 14 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection,
NOCTUID^. 33
AGROTIS CONGRUA.
Arjrotis coiitjrua, Walkei", Catal. Lcp. Hot. B. M. xxxii. p. 695 (1865).
" Male. Fawn colour, pale cinereous beneath : forewings somewhat darker along
the exterior border ; basal half line, interior line and exterior line black, denticulated,
the last one somewhat bent; snbmarginal line pale, denticulated ; marginal lunules
black ; orbicular and reniform marks large, black bordered, the latter slightly
excavated, with a greyish-brown disc : hindwings white, semi-hyaline ; marginal line
brown, pale testaceous towards the interior angle. Palpi very pilose; antennfe
pectinated for nearly two-thirds the length from the base ; thorax with an interrupted
black band in front ; abdomen, and underside testaceous.
"Expanse 16 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimen in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
AGROTIS CONSPURCATA (Plate 147, Fig. 7, 7a, <^ ? ).
Agrotis conspurcata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 696 (1865), ? .
Male : forewins; dark cinereous-brown, mottled with cinereous-black ; a basal,
and a subbasal transverse duplex sinuous black line, and a short black-lined lanceolate
mark below the cell ; a black-lined round orbicular mark and large reniform mark ;
a transverse discal denticulated indistinct line, and a pale sinuous submarginal line :
hindwing white, costal border suffused with pale brown, veins also brown. Female :
forewing darker than in male, markings less distinct : hindwing with the costal
and exterior border suffused with pale brown. Body dark brown ; abdomen pale
cinereous-brown ; legs with black bands.
Expanse, S 1^^, $ 1^^ inch.
AGROTIS SITFFUSA (Plate 147, Fig. 6).
PhaJ(rna Noctua siiffiisa, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. 5, p. 2541 (1788).
Agrotis svffusa, Tieit. Schmett. Eur. V. i. p. 152; Giiuu. Noct. i. p. 268.
Forewings cinereous-brown, with basal and subbasal transverse black duplex
lines, a discal denticulated line with a contiguous outer row of black dots, and a
submarginal zigzag line; a short lanceolate mark below the cell; orbicular mark
pyriform, orbicular and reniform mark with black centre ; an exterior black streak
from the reniform mark : hindwing cinereous-white, the borders pale cinereous-
brown ; veins brown. Body cinereous-brown ; palpi and legs with black bands.
Expanse 1|- to 2 inches.
Genus TIRACOLA,
Tiracola, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 351 ; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 117 (1882).
Forewino- long, narrow, costa slightly arched towards the end, apex acute;
VOL. III. ^
34 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
exterior margin oblique, convex and sinuous; cell long; first subcostal branch
emitted at half length of the cell, second at three-fourths its length, trifurcate, third
emitted at one-third beyond base of the second, and fourth at about one-half from
base of third, fifth from end of the cell and touching the third near its base ; disco-
cellular deeply concave, upper radial from angle close to upper end of the cell, lower
radial from angle near lower end of the cell ; upper median from angle above and
middle median from end of the cell, third at one-third before its end ; submedian
concave near its base : hindwing triangular, apex convex ; exterior margin oblique,
recurved, slightly sinuous ; cell short ; two subcostal branches from end of the cell ;
discocellular very slender, angled inward in the middle, a slender radial from the
angle ; two upper median branches from lower end of the cell, third branch at half
before its end. Body stout, abdomen long; palpi short, ascending, compactly
clothed, second joint thick, third joint short ; legs compactly pilose above ; antennas
setose.
TIRACOLA PLACIATA (Plate 148, Fig. 1, $ , la, larv.a).
Agrotis plaffiata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xi. p. 740 (1857), c?.
Tiracola pkigiata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 351.
Agrotis pluijifera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. .xi. p. 741 (1857), 9.
Forewing brownish-testaceous, speckled with brown, crossed by a more or less
indistinct brownish basal and a subbasal angular line, a suffused medial line, a denti-
culated line with darker points, and a pale waved submarginal line ; orbicular spot
small, jDale, reniform mark large, brown, enclosed in a broad triangular brown costal
patch ; a brownish zigzag fascia on exterior border : hiodwing pale cinereous-brown,
paler along the costa; cilia cinereous- white. Body brownish-testaceous; palpi and
tarsi with brown bands.
Expanse If to 2 inches.
Larva dull violet-brown ; with a few fine dorsal hairs, a few scattered grey dots,
and a sublateral pale olivaceous band from fourth segment ; head small ; head and
legs violet-grey ; twelfth segment conical. Pupa dark red.
" Feeds on Emilia." {Dr. ThwaUes.)
Genus GRAPHIPHORA.
Grajiliiphdni, Oflifeiilieimer, Scbmett. Eur. iv. p. 68 (1816) ; Samouelle, Ent. U. Comp. p. 251 (1819).
Jlale : forewing elongate, apex pointed, exterior margin slightly oblique, and
convex ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-
fifth, trifid, fifth fro:n end of the cell and touching third close to its base ; disco-
cellular deeply concave, bent close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle
median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian recurved :
ORTHOSIlty.'E. 3,5
hindwing short ; exterior margin oblique, waved ; two subcostals from a short dis-
tance beyond end of the cell ; discocellular bent in tlie middle, radial from below the
middle; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end;
submedian and internal vein nearly straight. Body stout, laxly clothed ; palpi pilose
beneath, third joint cylindrical, half length of second ; anteuua) finely ciliated ; legs
stout, spurred.
{G. Auijur.)
GRAPHIPHORA FRONTALIS (Plate 148, Fig. 3).
Forewiug deep purplish-brown ; with a black dot at base of the wing, one near
base of cell, and two below the cell ; an indistinct blackish denticulated discal duplex
line with lengthened grey-spotted points, followed by a nearly straight submarginal
pale whitish slender line; orbicular mark defined by a black dot, reniform mark with
indistinct pale whitish outer line and blackish lower half ; all the markings indistinctly
bordered by purplish chalybeate-grey; cilia pale reddish-brown: hindwing and
abdomen cinereous-brown. Thorax purplish-brown ; head and palpi cinereous- white ;
side of palpi, and legs above with dark purplish-brown bands.
Expanse I5 inch.
Family ORTHOSIIDJE.
Imago of moderate size : forewings more or less pointed at the apex ; abdomen
often depressed, not crested. Larva cyhndric, velvety; feeds on trees or low shrubs,
and concealed during the day. Pupa subterranean, enclosed in a cocoon of earth or
silk. (Staiuton.)
Genus ARAMUNA.
Forewing short, broad, triangular ; costa straight, apex somewhat acute, exterior
margin long, oblique, posterior margin slightly convex ; first subcostal emitted at one-
half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, the third thrown off at one-sixth
from base of second and the fourth at two-thirds from base of the third, fifth from
end of the cell and very slightly touching the third near its base; cell broad,
extending to half the wing ; discocellular almost erect, slightly bent near lower end,
radials from upper end and lower angle; middle median at one-eighth and lower at
nearly one-third before end of the cell ; submedian straight, disposed at equal distance
between median and posterior margin : hindwing very short, quadrate, with a large
oval glandular patch of dense woolly scales occupying the middle area between costal
and median veins, the apex and exterior border also laxly clothed with hairy scales ;
the costal, subcostal, and median vein distorted, the costal vein curving along upper
end of the patch, two subcostal branches from end of the cell ; discocellular oblique,
F 2
36 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
tlie radial and three medians being near together at lower end of the cell ; submedian
and internal vein curved. Body moderate, abdomen tufted at apex ; palpi ascending,
broad, compressed, laxly squamose, apical joint minute, conical; antennge finely
pectinated ; legs squamose, middle and hind tibite spurred.
ARAMUNA MARGINATA (Plate 149, Fig. 6,S)-
Male : forewing brownish-ochreous, with a dark brown irregular bordered
marginal baud, a small indistinct brown-speckled spot at upper end of the cell, and
a discal row of minute brown dots : hindwing pale yellowish-ochreous, with a large
oval brownish-ochreous glandular patch of scales disposed between the costal and
median veins, and woolly scales on the apical border. Body above brownish-ochreous,
anal tuft dark brown ; palpi and legs dark brown.
Expanse I4 inch.
Family HADENIDJE.
Imago with moderately broad wings ; abdomen more or less crested ; in repose
the wings form a very inclined roof. Larva smooth, not shining, the spots not
raised, sometimes with the twelfth segment humped ; feeds exposed or simply
sheltered on trees or shrubs. Pupa enclosed in an oval cocoon and buried more or
less deeply. (Stainton.)
Genus TRACHEA.
Trachea, Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 75 (1816); Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 219;
Samouelle, Ent. U. Comp. p. 251.
Male : forewing elongate, exterior margin slightly oblique and scalloped ; cell
extending two-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the
cell, second at one fourth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second, fourth at
one-third from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and touching third halfway
between its base and fourth ; discocellular bent inward acutely in the middle and
outward near lower end, radials from upper end and lower angle ; middle median
from angle close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-third before the end ; sub-
median recurved : hindwing short, exterior margin oblique, waved, scalloped ; cell
broad ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave before the middle,
radial from below the middle ; the middle median from angle immediately before end
of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein curved.
Body stout, laxly clothed ; thorax crested, abdomen with dorsal crests and lateral
tufts ; palpi ascending, short, first and second joints broad, laxly clothed, third joint
short, thick ; anteunje finely ciliated ; legs stout, tibi« thickly clothed, middle and
hind tibifB sparred.
(Type, T. atrqdlcU.)
HADENIDJE. 37
TRACHEA AURIPLENA (Plate 148, Fig. 2).
Eurois aurijileua, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xi. p. 5.57 (1857).
Forewing brown ; crossed by a subbasal and an antemedial zigzag green-bordered
black line, a discal denticulated black linewitli purplish-grey outer border, an irregular
zigzag snbmarginal grey-bordered black line, and a marginal row of green-bordered
black Innules; orbicular mark round, reniform mark large, both with green inner
border ; a more or less purplish-white streak extending from between the orbicular
and reniform marks obliquely below the cell ; the area between the inner lines, and
also between the discal hues suffused with purplish-grey : hindwing brownish-white,
with a broad dark brown marginal band ; cilia white, with inner brown line. Thorax,
head, palpi, and legs brown, green streaked ; tarsi with greenish bands ; abdomen
cinereous-brown.
Expanse If inch.
Genus EUROIS.
Eu7-ois, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 218 (1818-25).
Forewing long ; exterior margin oblique ; cell long, narrow, extending three-
fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted beyond one-half before end of the cell,
second at one-fourth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second, fourth at one-half
from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and touching the third near its base ;
discocellular bent acutely inward in the middle and slightly outward near lower end,
radials from upper end and lower angle ; middle median from close to end of the cell,
lower at more than one-third before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing broad,
exterior margin oblique, waved ; two subcostals from a short distance beyond end of
the cell ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from below the middle ; two upper
medians from end of tlie cell, lower at one-fourth; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body stout ; j^alpi laxly clothed beneath, second joint broad, third joint
short, thick, conical; antennse finely ciliated; legs stout, pilose, middle and hind
tibia3 spurred. {E. occulta.)
EUROIS INCLUSA.
Eurois inclusa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 725 (1865).
" Female. Greenish-brown : forewings speckled with black ; cinereous about
the middle and about the exterior border ; costa hardly convex ; tips slightly rounded ;
exterior border very oblique ; a short black basal line ; interior and exterior lines
black, the first nearly straight, the second denticulated and much bent outward ;
marginal line brown, interrupted by each vein ; orbicular mark forming a blackish
dot ; reniform mark almost obsolete : hindwings cinereous ; marginal line brown.
Abdomen and underside cinereous, the former speckled with black.
" Expanse 18 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
38 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus ASTRAPETIS.
Astrapetis, Iliibner, Verz. bek. Sclimelt. p. 219 (1818-25).
Hadena (part), Ochscniieimer, Sch. Eur. iv. p. 71 (1816); Treitschke ; Giu-nee; Walker.
Dichonia (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sch. p. 217.
Forewing moderately elongate, rather broad, exterior margin slightly scalloped ;
cell extending three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end
of the cell, second at one-eighth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, curved upwards
and touching third halfway between its base and the fourth ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, concave, bent near lower end, radial from upper end and lower angle ; middle
median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ;
submedian waved : hindwing short, exterior margin waved, slightly scalloped ; cell
extending half the length ; two subcostals on a footstalk at a short distance beyond
end of the cell ; discocellular bent acutely before the middle, radial from near lower
end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body robust, thorax stout; thorax and abdomen crested;
palpi porrect, short, thick, pilose beneath, third joint small, obtuse ; antenna} minutely
pectinated ; legs stout, pilose, spurs stout. {A. Genistce.)
ASTRAPETIS INDISTANS (Plate 148, Fig. 5).
Hadena indistans, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 87 (1852).
Hadena confundens. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xi. p. 757 (1857).
Hadena iiiextricans, Walker, id. xv. p. 1729 (1858).
Ferruginous-brown : forewing with transverse subbasal and antemedial zigzag
black duplex lines, a discal denticulated duplex line, and a submarginal row of
lengthened black dentate streaks traversed by a pale macular line ; a broad quadrate
black mark below the cell ; orbicular and reniform marks indistinctly black lined,
the reniform mai'k sometimes with white speckles on its outer edge, intervening
space between the two marks blackish ; some pale-bordered blackish streaks on
costal border : hindwing paler brown, cinereous towards the base ; cilia pale ferru-
ginous. Legs with black bands.
Expanse If to 1| inch.
ASTRAPETIS RUPTISTRIGA.
Hadena mptislrigu, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 739 (1865).
" Male. Brownish-cinereous beneath : forewing black speckled, with a slight
purplish-chalybeous tinge ; five or six indistinct incomplete dentate brown lines-; a
more exterior distinct and complete brown line which is partly double ; marginal
lunules browu ; a broad black streak interrupted by the orbicular mark and extending
to the reniform ; orbicular and reniform mark large, oblique, with cinereous borders,
XYLINIDyE. 39
I
the latter slightly excavated on the outer side : hindwings cinereous. Palpi erect,
pubescent, rising much higher than the vertex, third joint lanceolate, more than half
length of the second ; antennte setose ; abdomen cinereous, tarsi blackish, their
joints with cinereous tips.
" Expanse 16 lines."
Family XYLINIDiE.
Imago with oblong wings, folded iu repose, forming a flattened roof and giving
the insect an elongated appearance ; collar often crested. Larva smooth, generally
of brilliant colours, living exposed on low plants or trees. Pupa often furnished with
projecting ventral appendages ; enclosed in a cocoon of variable consistence, either
subterranean or above ground. (Staiiitoa.)
Genus LITHOPHANE.
Lithopliane, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 242 (1818-25).
Gi'apliolitha, Hiibner, id. p. 243.
A'_y?i'»a! (part), Ochsenheimer ; Stephens; Giienee; Walker.
Forewing elongated, narrow, apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, slightly
scalloped hindward ; cell long, narrow, extending three-fifths the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth
from end of the cell, slightly touching third near its base ; discocellular concave,
radials from upper and near lower ends ; middle median from close to end of the
cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian slightly curved : hindwing narrow,
apex slightly produced, exterior margin waved and slightly scalloped ; two subcostals
from immediately beyond end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from near
lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian
and internal vein straight. Body moderate, thorax and abdomen crested; palpi
porrect, laxly pilose beneath, third joint laxly squamose ; antennas minutely pecti-
nated; legs pilose, spurs rather short. {X. petrijicata.)
LITHOPHANE DEFLEXA.
X^lhia deflexa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 751 (1865).
" Female. Pale fawn colour : forewino-s ochraceous on more or less of the third
o
half and along the exterior border, except at the tips ; lines blackish, undulating,
denticulated, accompanied by some whitish points, diffuse, indistinct, sometimes
almost obsolete ; submarginal line forming an obtuse angle outward in front ; mar-
ginal points black ; orbicular and reniform marks almost obsolete, the latter having,
behind it a pale testaceous spot, which on its outer side joins a black spot of equal
size; a pale cinereous line along the interior border and a blackish tinge by the
40 THE LEPIDOPTEBA OF CEYLON.
interior angle : liindwings brownish towards tlie exterior border ; fringe testaceous.
Abdomen, liindwings and underside cinereous ; palpi vertical, third joint elongate-
conical, less than half length of second.
"Expanse 12 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. B. L. Layard.
LITHOPHANE INCHOANS.
XyJina inchoans. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 751 (1865).
" Female. \Yhitish-cinereous : forewings slightly and minutely speckled with
black ; the interior and exterior lines blackish, denticulated, the former incomplete,
the latter bent outward in the middle ; submarginal Une brown, denticulated, very
diffuse; marginal dots brown; orbicular and reniform marks almost obsolete; a
large white discal spot; underside with a tuft of long blackish hairs, which are pale
towards the base : hindwings whitish, semi-hyaline, brownish towards the exterior
border. Body slightly shaded with pale brown; palpi almost vertical, third joint
linear, conical at the tip, almost as long as the second; autennte stout, with minute
tufts of hairs ; abdomen extending a little beyond hindwings ; tibise and tarsi brown,
the joints of latter with white tips. Expanse 13 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. B. L. Layard.
Family H.SMEROSIIDiE.
Imago with rather short and broad wings ; deeply ciHated. Larva cylindrical ;
head small ; feeds on low plants.
Genus ARIOLA.
Ariola, W.alker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 768 (1857).
Wings small : foi'ewing short, narrow, elliptic ; costa much arched at the base,
exterior margin convex, slightly obhque, posterior margin convex towards the base ;
cell disposed along middle of the wing, extending two-thirds its length ; first sub-
costal emitte'd at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, bifid, fourth
from end of the cell, bifid, the fourth anastomosed to the third for some distance
from near its base at a short distance above the fifth ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, slightly bent near lower end, radials from upper end and lower angle;
middle median from angle close below end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the
end ; submedian straight : hindwing short, apex and exterior margin very convex ;
cell broad, extending to half length of the wing, lower end very acute ; two subcostals
from end of the cell : discocellular oblique, concave, lower end prolonged, radial from
the extreme lower end ; two upper medians on a footstalk beyond end of the cell,
ACOXTIWyE. 41
lower at about one-third; submedian and internal vein straight. Body small, thorax
stout, abdomen extending beyond hiudwiugs ; palju ascending, laxly clothed ; first
joint very narrow, second joint broadly dilated at the sides towards the tip and
extending some distance in front of the head, third joint very minute, conical;
antennce stout, simple ; legs squamose, fore tibia3 thick, laxly clothed.
ARIOLA C^LISIGNA.
Ariula calisigna, Walker, Catal. Leji. Het. B. M. xii. p. 769 (1857).
Ariola Rausonnetii, FelJer et Rogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 108, fig. 1 (1874).
Forewing dark sap-green, with a longitudinal narrow pearly-white fascia curving
downward from base of the costa to the apex, the upper border of the fascia sharply
defined, and the lower area of the wing of a paler green ; a slight blackish streak
along base of posterior margin and with some pale purple speckles at its extreme
end ; an outer marginal narrow pale purple band, including the cilia, the inner border
of the band being sinuous, and traversed by an inner black sinuous band and slender
marginal line: hind wing and abdomen .dark cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, and
palpi dark green ; legs whitish ; forelegs blackish above, with white tarsal bands,
middle tarsi with blackish bands.
Expanse f inch.
Pamily ACONTIID^.
Imago with rather shining thick forewings, in repose covering the hindwings
and forming a very sloping roof. Larva slender, a little swollen posteriorly, with
twelve legs ; feeds exposed. Pupa subterranean. (Sfainton.)
Genus ACONTIA.
Acontia, Ocbsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 91 (1816) ; HLibner, Verz. bek. Schraett. p. 257 (1818-25).
Heliothera, Sodoffsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. pt. vi. p. 16 (1837).
Xanthodes, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 209 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 778.
Male: forewing elongate, triangular; straight in front, apex almost pointed,
exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell long, narrow, extending three-fifths the length ;
first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second close to end of the
cell, bifid at a short distance from the base, fourth from end of the cell and also bifid
at a short distance from the base ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly concave,
bent close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from close before
end of the cell, lower at about one-third ; submedian curved : hindwing short, broad,
apex and exterior margin convex ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
outwardly oblique, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of
the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end; submedian and internal vein straight.
VOL. III. G
42 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Body moderately stout, abdomen keeled above ; head pointed in front ; palpi
ascending to vertex, narrow, compactly squamose, second joint long, third joint of
the same breadth and half the length of the second, pointed at the tip ; antennjB
minutely ciliated ; legs stout, tibiae densely fringed, middle and hind tibial with long
spurs.
{Type, A. Malv£B.)
ACONTIA FLAVA (Plate 149, Fig. 2, 2a, larva).
Noctnn flava, Fahricius, Eiit. Syst. iii. 2, p. ol (1793).
Xanthoihs transversa, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 211, pi. 10, tig. 5 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M.
xii. p. 778.
Yellow : forewing with a transverse basal, an antemedial, a discal, and a sub-
marginal ferruginous-brown line, the three outer lines acutely angulated externally,
the inner line on the median vein, the discal line on the upper radial, where the angle
is acutely prolonged and extends to the submarginal line ; along the exterior margin
is a broad ferruginous-brown band with irresjular inner border ; cilia ferrusfinous-
brown: hindwiug paler yellow in male, ochreous-yellow in female; cilia yellowish-
cinereous. Body yellow, thorax with ferruginous-brown streaks; sides of head and
palpi ferruginous-bi'own ; legs above ferruginous-brown.
Expanse Iq: to 1\ inch.
Larva with twelve legs ; pale green, with a few very fine hairs ; a subdorsal,
lateral, and a sublateral row of white spots, the subdorsal row with an intervening
larger yellow spot on each segment. Pupa pale purplish-red.
ACONTIA INTERSEPTA (Plate 149, Fig. 3).
Xanthodes intersepta, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 212 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 778 (1857).
Yellow : foi'ewing deep yellow, with a longitudinal ferruginous-brown fascia
extending from below the cell and widening to the exterior margin below the apex,
the fascia joining a distinct slender ferruginous-brown marginal line ; a few black
speckles at the apex ; four or five paler ferruginous-brown spots along the costal
border, the two spots nearest the apex slightly oblique, two similar spots also on
the subraedian vein ; cilia brownish-cinereous : hindwing ochreous-yellow ; cilia pale
cinereous. Thorax pale yellow ; abdomen ochreous-yellow ; head above and palpi
beneath white, head and palpi with lateral ochreous-brown band ; legs brownish-
ochreous above, white beneath.
Expanse 1 1 inch.
ACONTIA IMITATA (Plate 149, Fig. 4, j).
Smaller than A, intersepta : forewing shorter, narrower, and less triangular in
ACONTIID^. 43
shape, the longitudinal ferruginous-brown fascia also narrower and less defined, and
the spots less distinct : hindwing darker ochreous-yellow. Body also darker coloured.
Expanse \\ inch.
From the Collection of the late Dr. Thwaites.
Genus LEOCYMA.
Leoci/ma, Giu'nee, Noct. ii. p. 212 (1852).
Chasiniiia, Walker, Catal. Lv[>. Het, B. M. ix. [). 146 (1S.5G).
Male. Forewing moderately short and broad, costal margin slightly recurved, apex
pointed, exterior margin erect, posterior margin convex towards the base ; cell narrow,
extending towards middle of the wing; costal vein recurved; subcostal branches
curved upwards, first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of tlie cell, second at
one-tenth, trifid, fifth and upper radial on a footstalk beyond end of the cell, the
fifth touching third subcostal near its base ; discocellular concave, lower radial from
near its lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-
third before the end; submedian recurved : hindwing short, broad, apex and exterior
margin convex; two subcostals from end of the cell, discocellular bent below the
middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at
about one-third ; submedian and internal vein slightly curved. Female : forewing
somewhat longer ; costa almost straight, exterior margin slightly oblique, posterior
margin less convex : fifth subcostal from end of the cell ; upper radial from slight
angle at upper end of the discocellular. Body stout, thorax broad, palpi narrow,
ascending to vertex, first joint laxly squamose, second joint long, compactly squaraose,
third joint thickish, conical ; antennae simple ; legs stout, middle and hind tibisy
spurred.
LEOCYMA DIAN.! (Plate 149, Fig. 5).
Leoci/ma Diancp, Giu'iiee, Noct. ii. p. 213 (18.52).
Chasmina ghihra, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 636 (I860).
Both wings pearly-white, smooth, shining, immaculate. Head with a ferruginous
band in front ; abdomen slightly ochreous above ; palpi ochreous above ; forelegs
ochi-eous above, the fore femora with a longitudinal black streak, fore tibia? and tarsi
with black spots.
Expanse If to If inch.
Genus BRANA.
Brana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xiii. p. 1099 (1857).
Male : forewing elongate, somewhat triangular ; apex slightly rounded, exterior
■^nargin very oblique; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the
cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, thiid thrown off at one-fifth from base of second and
G 2
44 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
fourth at about one-third from base of the third, fifth from end of the cell, and
slightly touching the third near its base ; discocellular concave, bent at upper and
near lower end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of
the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian curved : hindwing short,
broad, apex very convex; two subcostals from end of the cell; discocellular concave,
bent near lower end, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end of the cell,
lower at nearly one-third before the end; submedian and internal vein straight.
Body stout, abdomen extending beyond hindwing, tufted at apex ; palpi ascending,
compressed, second joint of uniform width, third joint linear, slightly widened at tip,
about half length of the second ; antenna simple ; legs thick, femora slightly pilose
beneath, middle and hind tibiae with long spurs.
BEANA CALOPASA (Plate 148, Fig. 6.^).
Drana colopasa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1100 (1857).
Male: forewing dull purplish-grey; with four transverse series of whitish-
bordered blue-black spots, including the orbicular and reniform spots ; and a broad
outer black band, the inner border of which is whitish, the band being also traversed
by a submarginal slender sinuous whitish line and crossed by white veins ; cilia edged
with white : hindwing blue-black, the apical border and cilia white. Thorax and head
purplish-grey ; thorax spotted with black, and the head with a black streak along
the front ; palpi black, the outer side of first and second joints white ; legs black
with white bands ; abdomen black above, tip ochreous-red, thorax and abdomen
beneath ochreous-red, the latter with black basal bands, anal tuft also black.
Expanse 2^ inches.
Genus RAMADASA.
Ramadasa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 603.
Forewing moderately short, broad, costa slightly convex, apex obtuse, exterior
margin oblique, posterior margin slightly lobed towards the base ; costal vein short,
ending at half length of the costa ; cell broad ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths
before end of the cell, second at one-fifth before the end, trifid, the third at one-
fourth from base of the second, fourth at one-fifth from base of the third, fifth from
end of the cell and touching the third by a short spur near its base ; discocellular
concave, bent at each end, radials from the upper and lower angles ; middle median
from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; Submedian
shghtly curved : hindwing short, trigonal, apex convex, exterior margin slightly
produced in the middle, abdominal margin straight ; cell short, not extending to
half its length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial
from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at nearly onj?-
ACONTIIDyE. 45
ttird before tbe end ; submedian and internal vein nearly straigbt. liody stout,
abdomen carinated above ; thorax broad ; liead flattened above, pointed in front ;
palpi narrow, ascending, clotbed with short adpressed scales, second joint long, third
joint about one-fourth length of the second and rising to the vertex ; antennce simpl(> ;
legs long, stout, tibiaa thick, clothed with stout hairy scales; middle and hind til)ia)
with long spurs.
RAMADASA PAVO (Pi-ate 149, Fig. 1).
Chasmina Pavo, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 147 (1856).
Ramadam Pavo, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, \\ 603, pi. 59, (ig. 8.
Forewing with the basal half covered with black-speckled olive-green scales, the
base of the costal border being golden-yellow and black spotted ; outer half of the
wing pale pinkish-ochreous or flesh colour ; the basal half bordered obliquely across
middle of the wing by a slender deep black line, exterior to which is a diffused
purplish-ferruginous band ; reniform mark large, defined by an inner white-streaked
black border and outer black spots, with a central ferruginous-bordered black lunular
spot ; from upper edge of the reniform mark a black streak extends inward to tlie
costa, and before the apex is a prominent black angular streak, which is speckled
-with metalhc-green scales ; a blue-speckled black spot at base of the middle band,
and a marginal row of black dots : hiudwing and abdomen golden-yellow. Thorax
and top of head olive-green, the scales black speckled ; front of head, palpi, and legs
golden-yellow; front of head with black bands, palpi tipt with black; forelegs witli
black bands, middle and hind legs with black spots ; all the tarsi with black bands.
Expanse, S 1|, ? IJ inch.
Genus CARANDANA.
Forewing short, broad, costa convexly distorted near the apex and from which
projects an overlapping tuft of long hairy scales, exterior margin convex, not oblique,
posterior margin convex towards the base ; costal vein curved upward to the distorted
margin at its end ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second
at one-sixth, bifid, fourth from end of the cell, bifid, and slightly joined to third for
a short distance near its base ; discocellular concave, radials from upper end and
near lower end; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-third
before the end ; submedian slightly curved : hindwiug short, broad, exterior margin
convex ; two subcostals from end of the cell, discocellular concave, radial from near
lower end; two upper jnedians from end of the cell, lower at one-third; submedian
and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; palpi ascending, long, narrow,
second joint extending to level of the eyes, third joint cylindrical; antenna? simple ;
legs stoutj pilose, middle and hind tibiee spurred.
46 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOX.
CARANDANA FASCICULOSA.
Acontiafasciculosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1760 (18.38).
IMale. " White : forewings pale fawn colour beyond the middle, with a thick
costal tuft of curled hairs at two-thirds of the length ; a broad short black streak
ill the disc adjoining the tuft, in front of which the costa is slightly convex; costa
with black points : hindwings with black marginal points. Legs with black dots.
" Expanse 16 lines."
Genus PITACOTA.
^lale : forewing elongate, costa almost straight, apex pointed, exterior margin
sliohtly convex, oblique, and scalloped ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before
end of the cell, second at one-eighth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, and touching
third near its base ; discocellular concave, bent near lower end, radials from upper
end and lower angle ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at
one-third before the end ; submedian recurved from the base : hindwing short, apex
and extei-ior margin convex, slightly scalloped ; two subcostals from end of the cell ;
discocellular obliquely concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from
end of tbe cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body stout ; thorax laxly clothed ; palpi ascending, second joint rather
long, compactly clothed, third joint cylindi-ical, half length of second ; antennse
finely pectinated ; legs moderate, femora fringed beneath, spurs long.
PITACOTA TERMINIGERA (Plate 149, Fm. 7).
Felinia terminigera. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1850 (1858).
Male. Cinereous-white : forewing white, the base and obliquely across the disc
suffused with pale purplish-ochreous, and crossed by indistinct brownish sinuous
bands, the middle and apex of the wing being white : hindwing whitish, with an
indistinct cinereous discal baud and a marginal band. Thorax pale purpli.sh-ochreous,
third joint of palpi ochreous ; legs with slender blackish bands; abdomen cinereous -
white, tuft brownish.
Expanse 1^ inch.
Genus TARACHE.
Tarache, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 261 (1818-25); Stephens, 111. Ilaust. iv. p. 412.
Acontia (part), Ochsenheimer, Eur. Schinett. iv. p. 91 (1816).
Wings small : forewing short, triangular ; cell long, narrow, extending two-
thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second
at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching third close to its base ;
discocellular obliquely concave, bent near each end, radials from the angles; middle
ACONTIIBjE. 47
median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submediaii
curved : hindwing short, apex convex, exterior margin oblique ; two subcostals from
end of the cell ; discocellular oblique, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians
from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body moderately stout; palpi porrect, decumbent in front, laterally com-
pressed, laxly squamose beneath, second joint not extending beyond the head, third
joint small, conical ; antennas simple ; legs long, squamose, femora slightly fringed
beneath, middle and hind tibiae spurred. {Typical species, T. Solaris.)
TARACHE TROPICA (Plate 130, Fig. 2).
Acontia tropica, Giienee, Noct. ii. p. 217 (1852).
Forewing pale yellow in male, yellowish-white in female ; crossed by basal and
subbasal olive-brown irregularly angulated blotched bands ; an irregular recurved
discal more distinct band, the upper end of which is bent inward to the costa, the
outer discal area being streaked with purplish-brown ; the extreme outer margin with
two or three black speckles below the apex and above the posterior angle, the cilia in
front of these speckles being purplish-brown ; a distinct small round olive-brown orbi-
cular and reniforra spot : hindwing pale dull yellow, with pale brownish outer border.
Thorax, head, palpi, and legs yellowish- white; forelegs with olive-brown bands.
Expanse I inch.
TARACHE SIGNIFERA (Plate 150, Fig. 4).
Acontia siijnifei-a, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 793 (1857).
Acontia subfixa, Walker, id xxxv. p. 1964 (1866).
Creamy- white : forewing with some brown speckles along base of the costa ; a
broad outwardly obHque transverse medial angulated brown baud, beyond which the
wing is moi'e or less brown and is crossed by a discal and a submarginal denticulated
white line ; between the latter lines the veins are mostly black streaked, and between
the medial band and discal hne the reniform mark is defined by two black dots, and
is bordered by a black streak in front ; along the outer margin is a row of black
dots : hindwing with pale brownish outer border. Palpi, and legs, with blackish bands.
Expanse VV inch.
TARACHE OLIVEA (Plate 150, Fig. 3).
Acontia olivea, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 217 (1852).
Forewing pale olivaceous-yellow, with a very indistinct transverse basal and a
medial olive-brown fascia ; a black-speckled reniform spot, from which a more distinct
olive-brown fascia curves to the apex, the fascia being slightly black speckled below
the apex : hindwing olivaceous-white. Body olivaceous-white.
Expanse, ^ f, ? | inch.
49 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOX.
TARACHE INDA (Plate 150, Fig. 5).
Ariintia Inda, FelJer et Rogcuh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 108, fig. 23 (1874).
Forewiiig deep yellow, with a broad outer marginal golden-yellow band ; the
inner margin of the band being oblique and waved, and is bordered by a recurved
purple-brown narrow band, which is indistinctly bent inward at the costal end :
hindwing pale whitish-ochreous ; the outer border brownish. Body deep yellow ;
palpi and legs above ochreous-brown ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse -^ inch.
TARACHE DESTITtTTA (Plate 150, Fig. 6).
Acontia destituta. Walker, MS. Brit. Mus. Cabinet.
Pale brownish-ochreous : forewing with four or five transverse basal slender
brown sinuous lines, a recurved medial brownish sinuous band, followed by two
parallel discal lines, the upper portion of the baud darker brown, and the two discal
lines ending on the costa in a broad triangular dark brown patch ; at end of the cell is
a distinct narrow reniform mark ; exterior margin with a row of blackish dots : hind-
wing and abdomen dull pale ochreous-brown. Palpi and legs with dark brown bands.
Expanse /u inch.
Genus BAGADA.
Bwjada, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1753 (1858).
" Female. Wings moderately broad : forewings straight along the costa,
rectangular at the tips ; exterior border hardly denticulated, very oblique hindward.
Body rather stout ; palpi pilose, obliquely ascending ; third joint linear, rounded at
the tip, about half length of the second ; antenna? simple ; abdomen slightly crested
at the base; legs stout, slightly pilose; hind tibiaj with very long spurs."
BAGADA PYROCHROMA.
Bagada pyrochroma. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1753 (1858).
" Female. Reddish : forewings mostly testaceous in front, with a whitish
testaceous costal subapical patch ; a black subquadrate discal spot, near which the
exterior line is indistinctly visible ; some few elongated whitish points in the disc ;
marginal points black ; interior border cinereous : hindwings cinereous, somewhat
brownish towards the exterior border; cilia pale. Head and fore part of thorax
brown ; abdomen cinereous.
" Expanse 13 lines."
Genus HICCODA.
Ilkcoda, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 134 (1882).
Wings small : forewing lengthened, narrow ; costa slightly arched at base,
ACONTIIDM. 49
exterior margin oblique, convex ; costal vein extending two-thirds the margin ; first
subcostal branch emitted at one-half before end of the cell ; second trif urcate, emitted
from end of the cell, third and fourth at equal distances from base of second, fifth
also from end of the cell and touching third near its base ; discocellular very slender,
radials from near upper and lower end ; middle median one-sixth before end of the
cell, lower at one-third before its end ; submedian curved : hindvving triangularly
ovate ; costal vein straight, extending to apex ; two subcostals emitted beyond end
of the cell ; discocellular concave anteriorly and angled near lower end, radial from
the angle ; two upper medians from some distance beyond end of the cell, lower at
one-third before its end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body small ; palpi
small, porrect, laxly squamose, second joint projecting beyond the head, third joint
short ; legs squamose ; antennae setulose.
HICCODA DOSAROIDES (Plate 150, Fig. 16).
Iliccoda dosaroides, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 13.5 (1882).
Pale ochreous-yellow : forewing with a large quadrate dark brown discocellular
spot, a costal streak above it, some speckled spots at its base, a curved duplex streak
below the cell, and a transverse discal sinuous pale yellow line with brown points ;
a slight brown fascia below the apex ; a marginal row of brown dots : hindwing
cinereous-grey. Body pale ochreous. Underside ochreous-yellow, numerously
covered with brown speckles.
Expanse A inch.
Has much the appearance of Dosara, a genus of Pyrales.
Genus NARANGA.
Naranga, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 359; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 134.
Wings small : forewing elongated, narrow, acute at the apex, exterior margin
oblique : hindwing slightly elongated and narrow. Veins similar to those in
Xanthodes. Palpi small, smooth, slightly ascending, third joint minute, slender,
short ; legs slender, smooth.
NARANGA DIFFUSA (Plate 150, Fig. 17).
Xanthodes diffusa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 779 (1865).
Naranga diffusa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 359.
Forewing yellow, \\-ith a slight medial oblique short purplish-red baud, a less
distinct streak below the apex, and a spot above posterior angle : hindwing whitish-
yellow. Body, palpi, and legs above yellow.
Expanse f inch.
VOL. III. ^
50 • THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus CHURIA.
Churia, Moore, Pioc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 359; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 135.
Forewiug elongated, narrow, rectangular ; costal vein extending to two-thirds
the margin ; first subcostal emitted at one-half and second at one-eighth before end
of the cell, second trifurcate, third and fourth at equal distances from base of second,
fifth from end of the cell and shghtly touching third at its base ; discocellular bent
at its upper and lower end and very convex in the middle, radials from the angles ;
upper median branch from end of the cell, middle branch from one-eighth and lower
from beyond one-third before end of the cell ; submedian slightly curved at the base :
hindwing short; costal vein straight, extending to apex; two subcostal branches
from end of the cell; discocellular obliquely concave; radial from its lower end
immediately above angle of the cell ; two upper median branches from beyond end of
the cell, lower from one-third before the end ; submedian and internal veins straight.
Body stout, abdomen long ; palpi porrect, second joint laterally broad at the tip,
clothed with coarse lax scales, third joint short, thick, half length of the second ; legs
stout, squamose ; antennae setose.
CHURIA MACULATA (Plate 150, Fig. 7).
Churia maculata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 360.
Male. Upperside pale brownish-ochreous ; cilia ochreous-white : forewing with
a small black spot on middle of discocellular veinlet, and three equidistant spots on
the submarginal border. Underside paler ochreous, palest along posterior border of
forewing and on the hindwing. Palpi, and legs above brownish-ochreous.
Expanse 11 inch.
Family HELIOTHID.E.
Imago of moderate or small size. Body smooth; thorax stout; tibijB armed
with spines. Flight mostly diurnal. Larva cylindrical, not attenuated ; with sixteen
legs. Feeds exposed on low plants, preferring the flowers. Pupa subterranean.
Genus HELIOTHIS.
Heliothts, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806) ; Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 91 (1816); Guenee,
Noct. ii. p. 177 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xi. p. 680 ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 361.
Melideptria (part), Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 262 (1818-25).
Hi'Uotis, Sodoff:^ky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. pt. vi. p. 15 (1837).
Forewing elongated, costa slightly arched towards the end, apex pointed, exterior
margin oblique, convex hindward, posterior margin shghtly recurved; cell long,
extending to three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of
the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second, and fourth
HELIOTEIDJE. 51
at one-fourth, from base of tliird, fifth from end of the cell, and slightly joined by a
short spur to third near its base ; discocellular slender, bent in the middle, radials
from upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the
cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submediau curved beyond the base : hind-
wing short, exterior margin oblique, convex, waved ; cell extending to nearly half
the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, oblique,
concave, radial very slender, emitted from the middle ; two upper medians from end
of the cell, lower at one-fifth before the end; submedian and internal vein slightly
recurved. Body stout, smooth ; palpi porrect, extending half length beyond the
eyes, pilose beneath, third joint short, obtusely conical ; antenna minutely pubescent ;
legs moderately stout, femora fringed beneath, fore tibiae rather long, narrow, armed
with two slender spines in front and shorter spines at the sides, middle and hind tibiae
also spined at the sides, and with long spurs,
r^jjt?, H. dipsacea.
HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA (Plate 150, Fig. \,$, \a, laiva).
Noctua armigera, Hiibner, Noct. pi. 79, fig. 370 (1804) ; Duponchel, Lep. Fr. vii. p. 310, pi. 119, f. ii, 6.
Heliothis armigera, Treitschke, Sclimett. Eur, v. 3, p. 230; Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 181 ; Walker, Catal.
Lep. Het. B. M. xi. p. 683.
Pale brownish olivaceous-ochreous : forewing crossed by very indistinct zigzag
antemedial and denticulated discal duplex brownish lines, followed by a dark fascia
which is bordered by a zigzag submargiual line ; the outer discal line with a row of
minute black point's ; a small dusky brown orbicular spot and a more distinct reniform
mark ; a marginal row of minute black dots : hindwing paler ; semidiaphanous
towards the base, veins brown, with a dusky brown marginal band, which has a pale
exterior streak in its middle ; a slight brownish lunule at end of the cell.
Expanse 1\ to 1^ inch.
Larva elongated, green, palest above ; with a darker dorsal line, and two yellowish
sublateral lines ; three anterior segments transversely speckled with purple-brown
and black spots ; fifth to eleventh segment with a large lateral purple-brown black-
spotted blotch, the eleventh segment also with an irregular black dorsal mark. Pupa
reddish.
"Feeds on Rosebuds, &c." (ThwaUes.)
Genus ADISURA.
Adisura, Moore, Proc. Zool. See. 1881, p. 367; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 136 (1882).
Forewing comparatively short and broad, triangular, costa nearly straight, apex
very acute, exterior margin oblique and even, posterior margin short ; first subcostal
branch emitted from half length of the cell, second near the end, trifurcate, the third
H 2
52 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
and fourth at equal distances from base of second, fifth curved upward from end of
the cell and touching the third close to its base ; discocellular concave, slightly bent
near its lower end ; upper radial from end of the cell, lower from angle of disco-
cellular ; upper median branch from angle above end of the cell, middle branch from
the end, lower at some distance before its end : hindwing triangular, rather broad
and short : costa nearly straight, exterior margin convex and much waved, abdominal
margin short ; two subcostal branches emitted from end of the cell ; discocellular
very slender, slightly concave; radial extremely slender, emitted from middle of
discocellular ; two upper median branches from slightly beyond end of the cell, lower
fi'om one-third before its end. Body short, stout ; palpi stout, laxly squamose, apical
joint thick, short ; legs laxly pilose ; antennae minutely pectinated in male.
Type, A. Atkinsoni.
ADISURA PALLIDA (Plate 1.50, Fig. 8).
AdisuTa pallida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 369.
Male : forewing very pale purplish greyish-ochreous, with the costal edge and a
longitudinal fascia extending along the median and submedian to outer margin very
pale ochreous-brown ; a few minute black speckles on costal and posterior borders ;
a curved discal transverse row of minute black points ; cilia edged with white :
hindwing ochreous-white, with an indistinct pale brown medial submarginal fascia.
Underside ochreous-white. Thorax and head ochreous-grey ; palpi at the side, and
legs above ochreous-brown.
Expanse \tu inch.
Family ANTHOPHILID^.
Imago small ; antennte short ; abdomen slender, smooth ; forewing thick ; in
repose forming a very inclined roof. {Htainton.)
Larva smooth, with twelve or fourteen legs ; feeds exposed on low plants. Pupa
in a slight cocoon amongst moss.
Genus ANTHOPHILA.
Anthophila, Hubner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806) ; Ochs. Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 93 (1816).
Porphijrinia, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 256 (1818-25).
Eromene, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 256.
Helioviaius,* Sodoffsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. pt. vi. p. 16 (1837).
Micra* Guenee, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x. p. 225 (1841); Noct. ii. p. 241 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het.
B. M. sii. p. 820.
Thalpochares (part), Lederer, Noct. Eur. p. 184 (1857).
Wings small ; forewing triangular, costa straight, apex acute, exterior margin
* Previously used.
ANTHOPHILIDyE. 53
oblique, slightly convex ; cell narrow, extending to about three-fifths the length ;
first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid,
fifth from end of the cell, free ; discocellular slightly bent close to each end, radials
from the angles ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-
half before the end ; submedian straight : hiudwing broad, exterior margin convex ;
cell extending to half the length, two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
oblique, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower
at one-half before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Cilia broad. Body
slender, thorax broad; palpi ascending, fusiform, squamose, second joint thickish
and reaching level of the eyes, third joint short, conical ; legs squamose ; antennae
finely ciliated.
Type, P. purpurina.
ANTHOPHILA DEROGATA (Plate 150, Fig. 18).
Micra derogata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 825 (1857).
Forewing pale yellow, with a broad oblique discal crimson band traversed by a
violet-purple recurved fascia from the apical end, and marked by a geminated yellow
streak above the posterior angle, the band is also bordered on each side by an olive-
brown fine: hindwing yellowish-white, with a slight brownish marginal border.
Body, palpi, and legs yellowish-white.
Expanse fV to tV inch.
ANTHOPHILA DIVISA (Plate 150, Fig. 10).
Thalpochares divisa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 371.
Male and female. Yellow : forewing with a broad outer dark ochreous-yellow
band occupying half the wing, the inner border of the band formed by a delicate
black line broadly suffused outwardly across the disc with purple-red, the exterior
margin of the wing also purple-red and traversed by a slender white line, on which
are a few minute black dots ; two indistinct black dots also at end of the cell : hind-
wing with a slight ochreous outer margin. Body and legs yellow ; tarsi with pale
purplish-red bands.
Expanse f. inch.
ANTHOPHILA HEMIRHODA.
Micra hemirhoda, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 799 (1865).
Anthophila roseifascia, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 803.
Thalpochares adulans, Felder et Eogen. Novara Reise, Lep. iv. pi. 108, fig. 11 (1874).
Lemon-yellow : forewing with a broad crimson band extending obliquely across
the disc, and a similar naiTower band along the exterior margin : hindwino- with a
54 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
pale brown marginal band tinged with crimson at tlie anal end. Body, palpi, and
legs yellow ; palpi tinged with pale crimson at the side ; legs with pale crimson bands.
Expanse | to 1 inch.
Genus EUBLEMMA.
Eublemma, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 256 (1818-25).
Porphyrinia (part), Hiibuer.
AnihirpMla (part), et Micra (part), Guenee.
lltalpochares (part), LeJerer.
Wings shorter and broader than in typical Anthophila : forewing more triangular
in form : hindwing shorter and more convex externally ; venation similar. Palpi
somewhat stouter, less fusiform in shape, broader laterally at the base, and clothed
with longer scales beneath, tip shorter and more obtuse.
Tyyey E. Amoena.
EUBLEMMA AMABILIS (Plate 150, Fig. 12).
"White : forewing with a broad discal pale pinkish-violet band, the inner border
of the band being darkest and indented to the end of the cell, the outer border being
also darker and angled outward at the middle median vein, upper radial, and at the
costal end ; the entire angulated outer border is also bordered by a prominent white
Hne, which is slightly speckled with black scales ; the marginal border of the wing
and the cilia is sufiused with pale pinkish-violet : hindwing with a similar pinkish-
violet discal band, which is waved and angular only towards the lower end, the outer
border line is also pale pink and distinctly speckled with black scales along its entire
length ; the outer border of the wing and the cilia is also suffused with pale pinkish-
violet. Body, palpi, and legs white.
Expanse to inch.
*
Genus PARACRAMA.
Forewing short, broad, rectangular; exterior margin almost erect, posterior
margin convex towards the base ; cell disposed towards middle of the wing, and
extending somewhat more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted about two-
thirds before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and
joined by a short spur to the third near its base; discocellular outwardly obhque,
bent near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end
of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian sHghtly curved at the base :
hindwing short, apex convex, exterior margin slightly angular in the middle ; cell
extending half the length ; two subcostals from end of the ceU ; discocellular bent
in the middle, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from extreme end of the
ANTHOPniLIDJE. 55
cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
moderately stout, abdomen carinated above ; palpi ascending, slender, squamose,
second joint extending to level of the eyes, third joint long, of the same length as
second ; antennse simple ; legs squamose, middle and hind tibii» with very long spurs.
PARACRAMA DULCISSIMA (Plate 150, Fig. 11,^).
Nolasena chdcissima, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. vii. p. 76 (1864) ; Catal. Lep. Het. B.M. xxxiii.
p. 860.
Male and female : forewing grass-green, crossed by an outwardly oblique ante-
medial and an erect postmedial slender indistinct whitish line, and a slender angular-
bordered purplish-brown marginal band ; the extreme costal edge speckled with
purplish-brown scales and streaked with white ; cilia purple-brown : hindwing very
pale pink, whitish towards the base. Thorax and head grass-green, abdomen
pinkish-ochreous above ; palpi purplish-ochreous above, whitish beneath ; legs white,
front and middle legs with purple-brown bands.
Expanse, S 1^, ? 1^ inch.
Genus PHYLLOPHILA.
Phyllophila, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 254 (1852).
Wings small : forewing elongated, narrow, triangular ; first subcostal emitted
at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell,
touching the third at half way between its base and the fourth ; discocellular obliquely
concave, radials from the upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle
close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end; submedian slightly
recurved : hindwing rather long, exterior margin obhque, waved ; cell extending
half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular obliquely concave,
radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at
one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body small, narrow ; palpi porrect,
long, narrow, squamose, second joint projected half beyond the head, third joint
short ; antennas setose ; legs squamose, middle and hind tibise stout, clothed with
hau'y scales, spurred.
Type, P. Wimmerii.
PHYLLOPHILA MODESTA (Plate 150, Fig. 13).
Male and female pale dull ochreous-white : forewing numerously speckled with
pale ochreous-brown scales ; crossed by a very indistinct brown-speckled antemedial
line and a postmedial line ; a large brown-speckled reniforra spot ; a small black
spot at base of the cell, some short black streaks along the edge of the costa, and a
56 THE LEPJDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
marginal row of black dots : bindwing tinged with pale violaceous-brown externally.
Body ochreous-wliite ; front of thorax, head, palpi, and legs pale brown.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus HYELA.
Hydrdia* Guenee, Ann. Soc. Eut. Fr. x. p. 227 (1841); Noct. ii. p. 234; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het.
B. M. sii. p. 812.
Hyela, Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 149 (18o0).
Wings short, broad : forewing triangular ; cell broad, extending two-thirds the wing;
first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid,
fifth from end of the cell and touching third close to its base ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, slightly concave, radials from near upper and lower end ; middle median
from close to end of the cell, lower at one-half before the end ; submedian slightly
curved : hind wing very broad ; exterior margin convex ; cell broad, extending to
half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular outwardly oblique,
concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from a footstalk one-third
beyond end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body slender ; palpi porrect, narrow, compactly clothed, apex
conical ; antennse simple ; legs squamose.
Type, H. uuca.
HYELA CURVIFERA.
Hydrdia curvifera, Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. Srd ser. i. p. 91 (1861).
" Female. Coffee-brown, whitish beneath. Forewings subfalcate, with a whitish
marginal band, which contains the brown marginal dots ; a whitish short curved
stripe in the disc, forming a loop with the whitish subcostal stripe, which is inter-
rupted and irregular exteriorly ; the inclosed space blackish streaked : hindwings
cinereous-brown. Head white in front ; palpi porrect, short, securiform, extending"
a httle beyond the head ; anteunsB smooth, short ; thorax white on each side.
" Expanse 7 lines."
Hab, Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Saunders' Collection at Oxford
University Museum.
HYELA LATIVITTA (Plate 150, Fig. 9).
Bankia lativitta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 373.
Forewing pale chestnut-brown ; basal third very obliquely white, the border
defined by an irregular slender dark brown line; an oblique discal white band
extending from posterior angle to the costa and enclosing two black discocellular
* Previou.-^ly used by Hubner for a genus of Lepidoptera.
ANTlIOPlllLID^E. 57
dots, the costal end projecting obliquely outward and again indistinctly merging into
the band on the disc ; an oblique dark brown-speckled fascia from the apex : hind-
wing cinereous-brown. Cilia whitish with a blackish line. Thorax white ; abdomen
cinereous, brown speckled ; legs with brown bands.
Expanse ro inch.
Genus ODICE.
Odice, lliibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 258 (1818-25).
Microphisa* Boisduval, Index Meth. p. 170 (1840).
Micwphysa, Guen. Ann. 8oc. Ent. Fr. x. p. 233 (1841); Walker, Catal. Lcp. Ilet. B. M. xii. p. 833.
Forewing elongated, rather broad, triangular ; cell extending to half the length ;
first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-ninth, trifid,
fifth from end of the cell, free ; discocellular bent close to each end, slightly concave
in the middle, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of
the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian almost straight : hindwing
short ; cell broad, extending to half the length ; apex and exterior margin convex,
abdominal margin short ; discocellular bent near lower end, radial from the angle ;
two subcostals from end of the cell ; two upper medians from a footstalk at a short
distance beyond end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Cilia broad. Body small, moderately stout, abdomen not
extending beyond hindwings ; palpi ascending, reaching to the vertex, fusiform,
compactly squamose, apex short, conical ; antennge finely pectinated to the tip ; legs
squamose, somewliat long, middle and hind tibiae with long spurs. {Type, 0. inamtena.)
ODICE TRANSVERSA (Plate 150, Fig. 15).
Llale and female : forewing greyish violet-brown ; with a short black recurved
streak below base of the cell, a black transverse waved subbasal line, a broad
brownish-white medial ti-ansverse band with black- speckled borders, the band being
traversed along its outer border by a pale brown line ; outer area of the wing with
black streaks along the veins and crossed by a slender greyish-white zigzag sub-
marginal line ; cilia greyish -white: hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Thorax,
head, and palpi violet-brown ; legs cinereous-brown, with darker brown tarsal bands.
Expanse, $ fo, 2 i°ij inch.
Hah. Ceylon.
Allied to 0. abscissa, from S. Africa.
Genus MARADANA.
Eorewing elongate, narrow, exterior margin slightly oblique and convex; cell
extending more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before
* Used for a genus of Hemiptera in 1834, by Westwood.
VOL. III. I
58 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CF.YLON.
eud of the cell, second from close to the end, third trifid, from end of the cell, fourth
at one-third and fifth at one-half from base of third ; discocellular slightly concave,
radials from upper and lower end ; middle median from close to eud of the cell, lower
at nearly one-third before the end ; submedian straight : hindwing short, apex and
exterior margin convex ; costal vein straight ; subcostal running very close to the
costal ; two subcostal branches from end of the cell, upper branch extending very
close alongside of the costal ; cell extending to one-third the length ; discocellular
obliquely concave, radial from lower end ; middle median from close to end of the
cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight.
Body moderately slender, abdomen slightly tufted at apex ; palpi ascending to level
of the eyes, fusiform, laxly squamose beneath, apex short, conical ; antennaa finely
bipectinated ; legs rather thick, tibice stout, clothed with strong hairy scales, middle
and hind tibise spurred.
MARADANA RIVTJLATA (Plate 150, Fig. 14).
Purplish-red : forewing speckled with black and grey scales ; crossed by an
antemedial and a postmedial slightly waved slender yellow baud, the inner border of
the bands black speckled ; a black-speckled spot at end of the cell ; a pale yellow
interciliary line: hindwing paler purplish-red, brownish towards the base; crossed
by a discal curved pale yellow slender band ; interciliary line pale yellow. Body
brown ; palpi brown ; legs dark purple-brown, middle and hind tarsi yellowish.
Expanse 1 inch.
Family PALINDIIDiE.
Wings rather broad, shining, with distinct bands, and generally with metallic
colours; body slender. {Walker.)
Genus HOMODES.
Homodes, GuL'nee, Noct. ii. p. 280 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii.p. 852.
Male : forewing elongated, somewhat narrow, costa arched, exterior margin
very oblique, hardly convex, posterior margin rounded at the base ; cell extending to
half the length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell,
second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-fifth from base of the second, and fourth at
two-thirds from base of the third, fifth from end of the cell and joined by a short
spur to the third close to its base ; discocellular very slender, concave, radials from
upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell,
lower at one-half before the end ; submedian very deeply curved from the base :
hindwing very short, triangular, apex and anal angle convex, exterior margin very
PALIXDIID^. 59
oblique ; cell short, extending to one-third the length ; two siibcostals from cud of
the cell ; discocellular very slender, outwardly oblique, concave, radial from below
the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before
the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately slender ; palpi
ascending, stout, short, hardly reaching to the level of the eyes, fusiform, laxly
squamose, very indistinctly articulated, tip minute, conical; antennae minutely
ciliated; legs stout, fore femora clothed with very long hairs, middle and hind
spurs long.
HOMODES CROCEA (Plate 151, Fig. 11).
Homodes crocea, Guenee, Noct. ii. [). 280, pi. 11, fig. 2 (1852).
HornoJes vivida, Gueaee, id. p. 280.
Dark saffron-yellow ; all the markings bordered with ochreous-red : forewing
with a violet-brown transverse basal, a subbasal, and a postmedial sinuous band, a
broader waved medial band, and a lunular outer discal band, all traversed by metallic
silvery speckles ; between the postmedial and outer discal line is a paler violet zigzag
band without silvery speckles ; and along the outer border of the wing is a sub-
marginal row of black linear spots, and a marginal row of violet-grey triangular
spots ; a prominent dark violet-brown raised orbicular spot, and two similar spots at
end of the cell, each speckled with metallic-silvery scales : hindwing with transverse
medial, postmedial, and outer discal violet-brown silvery-speckled bands, an inter-
mediate paler discal zigzag band, and submarginal black linear spots ; cilia alternated
with violet-brown and red. Body, palpi, and legs above ochreous-red.
Expanse 1;^ inch.
Family ERIOPID^.
Forewing often angular on exterior border ; with distinct lines. Thorax and
abdomen crested ; antennte more or less distorted and bent in the male, minutely
pectinated. Larva with sixteen feet, cylindrical. Pupa subterranean.
Genus CALLOPISTRIA.
Callopistria, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 216 (1818-25); Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 143
(1882).
Lagopus* Latr. N. Diet. H. N. xvii. p. 199 (1816 ?)
Eriopus, Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. v. 1, p. 365 (1825).
Forewing acuminate at the apex ; exterior margin oblique, angular in the middle,
scalloped ; first subcostal emitted at half length of the cell, second close to end of
the cell, trifid, third and fourth at nearly equal distances apart from base of second,
• Pieviously used for a genus of Birds.
60 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
fifth from end of the cell and anastomosing with third for a short distance above its
base ; discocellular slightly concave, bent at each end, radials from the angles ; middle
median from ansrle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before its end : hind-
wing longer than broad, exterior margin convex, scalloped ; two subcostal branches
from end of the cell, discocellular slightly concave ; radial from near lower end ; two
median branches from end of the cell, third at about one-fourth before its end.
Thorax laxly pilose ; antennse minutely bipectinate, more or less distorted and bent
at half its length in the male ; palpi slightly ascending, second joint laterally broad,
widest and pointed in front, pilose, third joint long, slender, cylindrical ; femora,
tibijB, and fore tarsi densely and laxly clothed with hair in the male, less so in the
female, spurs strong.
Type, C. Pteridis.
CALLOPISTRIA RECTJRVATA (Plate 151, Fig. 1, ^).
Callopistria recurvata, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 144 (1882).
Forewing dark rufous-brown, veins lined with silvery-white ; some silvery-white
bordered black subbasal transverse zigzag lines ; a silvery- white antemedial straight
duplex line, which is bent outward at the median vein, lunate orbicular and reniform
marks, a recurved postmedial pale bordered duplex line, and zigzag short streaks
below the apex ; the basal, costal, and apical interspaces between the veins blackish-
brown, the discal area brightest and traversed by a black sinuous line ending in a
white spot beyond lower end of the cell ; two black-bordered white zigzag lines below
the apical streak : hindwing brown, with paler interciliary line. Thorax rufous-
brown, collar black streaked ; abdomen brown ; legs with blackish-speckled bands.
Expanse 1^ to 1^ inch.
CALLOPISTRIA EXOTICA.
Callojmtria exotica, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 294 (1852); W;ilker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xii. p. 865.
Smaller than C. recurvata, and of a paler colour : forewing with the vein lines
indistinct, the antemedial transverse duplex line entirely convex, which gives the
reniform mark a wider interspace ; and the postmedial duplex line is more convexly
recurved in crossing the disc, the intervening area between the two lines being thus
conspicuously broader.
Expanse | to 1 inch.
Genus METHORASA.
MetJiorasa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 374.
Allied to Callopistria : forewing less acuminate, exterior margin less oblique and
with a more even cilial edge ; first subcostal branch and the lower median emitted
ERIOPIDuE. 61
comparatively nearer the end of the cell: hindwing more convex externally; cell
broader ; discocellular more erect. Thorax more compactly clothed ; palpi smaller,
second joint of uniform lateral width, third joint very short and thick ; antennte in
male of the normal form and more minutely bipectinate ; legs less pilose.
Type, M. Latreillii.
METHORASA THWAITESII (Plate 151, Fig. 2).
Pale greyish violaceous-brown : forewing with a black zigzag streak from base
of the costa, a streak below base of the submedian vein, a transverse black antemedial
sinuous duplex line, a recurved postmedial sinuous duplex line, with its costal end
contiguous to a distinct black reniform spot ; across the outer disc is a series of
short black longitudinal streaks, which form an irregular broad dentated submarginal
band ; along the outer margin is a row of small black dentate spots, the fourth and
fifth from the apex being confluent and extend inward to the submarginal band :
hindwing and abdomen pale violaceous-brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs pale
greyish violaceous-brown ; palpi and legs with dark blackish bands.
Expanse Irlr inch.
Family EURHIPIIDiE.
Forewing often angular and generally denticulated on the exterior border.
Abdomen with small more or less divergent lateral tufts. {Walker.)
Larva with sixteen feet, glabrous, smooth, attenuated anteriorly. Pupa sub-
terranean.
Genus PENICILLARIA.
Penicillaria, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 302 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. sii. p. 870.
Forewing elongated, narrow, costa almost straight, apex pointed, exterior margin
slightly angular below the apex and at the middle, and obhque hindward, posterior
margin convex towards the base ; cell long, narrow, extending more than half the
length ; discocellular slightly concave, i-adials from the upper end and near lower
end ; first subcostal emitted at more than one-half before end of the cell, second at
one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching the third near its base ;
middle median from angle immediately at end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before
the end ; submedian very deeply curved from the base : hindwing very short, apex
convex, exterior margin slightly angular at end of the lower median ; two subcostals
from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper
medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body stout, thorax very stout, crested; abdomen in male
<52 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOK
witli lateral tufts at the apex ; palpi porrect, stout, fusiform, laxly squamose beneath,
second joint extending half beyond the eyes, third joint thick, pointed ; antennae
bipectinated for half its length in male ; legs stout, pilose, spurs long.
Type, P. nugatrix.
PENICILLARIA NUGATRIX.
Penicillaria nngatrix, Gainee, Noct. ii. p. 303, pi. 14, fig. 7 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M.
xii. p. 871.
Dark purplish-ferruginous : forewing crossed by an indistinct subbasal, ante-
medial, and a postmedial ochreous-grey line with brighter ferruginous borders, the
sublmsal line very indistinct, the antemedial line curved outward, the postmedial line
irregularly recurving from the costa above the end of the cell, angulated outward
below the median, and terminating at the posterior angle; a whitish angular line
curves from before the apex to above middle of the posterior margin and thence to
the lower angle ; a dusky brown ochreous-grey bordered reniform spot : hindwing
white, with pui-plish-ferruginous marginal band, and an indistinct blackish spot at
end of the cell. Tarsi with white bands.
Expanse 1 inch.
PENICILLARIA JOCOSATRIX (Plate 151, Fig. S, 3 , 8a, larva).
Penicillaria jocosatrix, Gnenee, Noct. ii. p. 304 (1852) ; Walker, Cat.il. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 871.
Dark purplish violet-brown : forewing with a transverse blackish subbasal and
a medial fascia, both bent outward below the cell and ending in a purplish-white
costal spot ; a blackish discal fascia which is darker across the disc and before the
apex, where its border is defined by an outward curved whitish line, the latter line
being continued and indented below the radial, from whence it is inwardly obUque
and waved on reaching the posterior margin ; a pale longitudinal streak extends from
the angle of tlie inner fascia to the angle of the outer, the exterior margin has a
slender white angular line continued from the curved subapical line ; a slight dark
reniform spot at end of the cell ; the transverse areas between the fascias all suffused
with purplish-grey : hindwing white, with a broad purplish violet-brown marginal
band, and a small indistinct blackish spot at end of the cell. Body, palpi, and legs
dark purplish violet-brown ; tarsi with narrow white bands.
Expanse 1 to H inch.
Larva green, with a sublateral darker shade ; a few fine short hairs from the
spiracles ; the segments speckled with small purple spots and a subdorsal row of
larger spots. Pupa dark purple-red.
" Feeds on Terminalia Belerica, &c." (ThwaUcs.)
EURHIPIIDjE. 63
Genus TARGALLA.
Targalla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1007 (18.;7).
Cri/assa, Walker, id. xv. p. 1745 (1858).
Penicillaria (part), Guenee.
Forewing broader than in typical Penicillaria, the extci'ior margin scalloped,
angular in tho middle : hindwing broader. Venation similar. Palpi somewhat
smaller ; antennfe simple in male ; legs less pilose.
Type, T. infida.
TAE6ALLA INFIDA (Plate 151, Fig. 6, ^ , 6<7, larva).
Targalla infida. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. ^NI. xiii. p. 1008 (1857).
Penicillaria ludatrix, Walker, id. xv. p. 1773 (1858).
Greyish violaceous-brown : forewing with the basal half darker brown, crossed
by some indistinct black- speckled waved lines, the outer half of the wing hoary, and
crossed by two very indistinct discal blackish-speckled denticulated lines, and two
sinuous submarginal lines, the veins being lined with black and white streaks ; a
minute white orbicular spot, and narrow ferruginous reniform mark bordered by a
pale whitish line ; before the apex is a dark brown triangular costal spot bordered
by three white costal dots ; outer margin with a row of black points : hindwing
brown, cinereous towards the base, and with cinereous-white streaks from above the
anal angle, and blackish spots up the lower median and submedian veins. Cilia
violet-brown. Thorax and head speckled with black ; palpi blackish at the side ;
tarsi with blackish bands.
Expanse 1 to H inch.
Larva green, paler on the sides ; with a slender subdorsal whitish line and a
row of small lateral spots. Papa red, enclosed in a slight cocoon under portions of
leaves and excrement.
TARGALLA SOLIDA.
Penicillaria solida, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiil. p. 814 (1865).
" Male. Eeddish ; partly whitish beneath : forewings with a whitish straight
oblique middle band, which contains the reniform mark, and is diffuse on the outer
side, where it is bounded by the exterior line ; the latter is brown, curved, very
incomplete; submarginal line pale, denticulated, indistinct, partly bordered with
brown, forming the outer side of a costal brown triangular spot, which includes three
testaceous costal points ; marginal points black ; interior part with very indistinct
undulating cinereous lines ; reniform mark brown, very narrow, containing a testa-
ceous line : hindwing brownish-cinereous ; marginal festoon whitish. Palpi brown,
partly whitish; thorax crested; abdomen crested at the base, with some pale
64 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
testaceous dorsal spots, testaceous towards the tip ; the red part terminating in a
blackish tinge, two apical lateral diverging tufts.
" Expanse 12 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
TARGALLA BIFACIES (Plate 151, Fig. 5,S , 5-i, larva).
Cryassa hifacies, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1745 (1858).
Male : forewing ochraceous olive-green ; crossed by an irregular zigzag indistinct
blackish pale subbasal line, an antemedial and a medial line ; a more distinct recurved
discal denticulated white-bordered line, which is acutely pointed outward at the lower
radial, followed by an ill-defined white-bordered zigzag submarginal line ; a small
white orbicular spot, and a narrow quadrate reniform mark, the latter with central
ochreous-green streak ; the area between the subbasal and antemedial hues and the
lower half between the medial and discal lines and also the area between the latter
and the submarginal line, excepting the triangular costal spot, is of a pale ochreous
olivaceous-white ; the veins across the disc with black and white streaks : hindwing
dusky brown, cinereous-white towards the base ; with pale testaceous-white waved
transverse streaks from above anal angle, and a slender interciliary line. Body dull
pale ochreous olive-brown ; tegular black speckled, abdomen dusky at the base ; palpi
and legs whitish, with black bands.
Female : forewing with exactly similar but more distinct transverse lines ; the
pale interspaces of a testaceous tinge, and the dark spaces reddish-testaceous ; the
orbicular and reniform marks with black borders : hindwiugs and abdomen dusky
violaceous-brown.
Expanse ItV to liV inch.
Larva green, head paler ; spiracles brown, from which project a few short fine
hairs ; a subdorsal and a lateral slender pale yellow line, the latter extending between
the spiracles. Pupa violet-purple.
TARGALLA EEPLETA.
Eutclia repleta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 821 (1865).
Eutelia impleta, Walker, id. p. 822 (1865).
Eutelia plusioides, Walker, id. p. 822 (1865).
Eiirhipia pratexta, Felder, Reise Nov. Lep. iv. p. cxi. fig. 24 (1874).
Male. Forewing violaceous olive-brown ; crossed by extremely indistinct basal,
subbasal, and antemedial blackish-speckled sinuous lines, an oblique slightly curved
whitisli-bordered medial line ending at the reniform mark, followed by a discal slender
black denticulated line, an outer discal recuiwed line, which is denticulated only at
its posterior end, and a submarginal slender whitish zigzag line ; a white punctiform
EUEIIIPIID^. 65
orbicular spot, and a curved whitish-lined reniform mark : hindwing dusky violaceous-
brown, cmereous-wliite at the base, cinereous-white waved streaks from above anal
angle, and a dark brown marginal lunular line. Abdomen violet-brown at the base ;
legs with blackish bands.
Female pale violaceous greyish-brown : forewing with the outer area from the
curved medial line lilacine-grey ; the discal transverse lines obsolescent posteriorly,
except a small black spot ending the discal line ; reniform mark whitish.
Expanse \^ inch.
This is probably only a varietal form of C. bifacics.
TARGALLA RESOLUTA.
Penicillaria resoluta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 816 (I860).
" Male. Fawn colour ; paler beneath : wings shghtly denticulated along the
exterior border : forewings with black flecks, which form irregular and incomplete
transverse lines ; an incomplete bent whitish band beyond the exterior line, and a
whitish angular incomplete submarginal Kne ; a blackish irregularly triangular costal
subapical spot containing the whitish costal dots ; exterior border slightly bent ;
orbicular mark white, punctiform; reniform large, testaceous-white, oblong-sub-
quadrate, slightly concave on the outer side : hindwings cinereous-brown, with a
testaceous incomplete submarginal line. Wings beneath with three approximate
exterior curved brown lines.
" Expanse 14 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. B. L. Layard.
Genus EUTELIA.
Eutelia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 259 (1818-25); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 872.
Eurhipia, Boisd. Eur. Lep. luJ. Meth. p. 73 (1829); Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 305.
Forewing elongated, narrow, costa straight, slightly rounded at the tip, exterior
margin denticulated and slightly angular in the middle, very oblique below the angle ;
cell extending to half length of the wing ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before
end .of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second,
fourth at two-thirds from base of the third, fifth from end of the cell and touching
the third close to its base ; discocellular very slender, concave, radials from the upper
and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at
nearly one-half ; submedian deeply curved fi-om the base : hindwing short, narrow,
apex very convex, exterior margin denticulated ; cell short, reaching one-third the
length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, concave, radial
from close to lower end ; two upper medians from extreme end of the cell, lower at
VOL. III. K
66 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately
stout, thorax crested, abdomen with lateral tufts at the apex in male ; palpi porrect,
second joint thick, squamose, extending beyond the head, third joint long, cylindrical,
of the same length as second; antennte serrated and pectinated to half its length
in male, simple in female; legs stout, pilose, spurs long. {Type, E. adulatrix.)
EUTELIA FAVILLATRIX.
Eutelia favillatrix, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1778 (18.58).
Pale brownish-cinereous : forewing lilacine-grey along the costa ; crossed by
very indistinct basal undulated blackish lines, a curved white-bordered black duplex
medial line, and a recurved discal sinuous duplex line, followed by an outer discal
recurved single line, and a zigzag submarginal line ; reniform spot red, bordered by a
white line ; a pale ochreous-white patch at the apex : hindwing pale cinereous, with
Ijrownish veins and marginal border. Thorax with reddish bands ; abdomen with
some metaUic-blue scales at the base, palpi and legs with blackish bands.
Expanse tu inch.
EUTELIA CINCTIPALPIS.
Eutdia cinctipalpis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. .xxsiii. p. 820 (1863).
" Female. Pale cinereous, slightly tinged with ferruginous ; dark cinereous
beneath : forewings with a brown dot in the disc, and with four exterior denticulated
brown lines ; a brown irregular submarginal band ; marginal line brown ; exterior
border slightly convex, very oblique : hindwings with lines somewhat like those of
the forewings, but less distinct.
"Expanse 18 lines."
Genus YARNIA.
Varnia, Walker, Joiun. Linn. Soc, Zool. vii. p. 69 (1864).
Porewing short, triangular, moderately broad at the end, costa arched towards
the apex, exterior margin angular below the middle, scalloped below the angle ; cell
extending beyond half the length ; subcostals free, first emitted at nearly one-half
before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, third and fourth at equal distances from
the second, fifth from end of the cell; discocellular bent near each end, concave in
the middle, radials from the angles ; middle median from one-fifth before end of the
cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian very concave tow^ards the base : hindwing short,
broad, exterior margin convex, scalloped ; cell broad, extending to half the length ;
costal vein much recurved ; subcostal touching the costal before end of the cell ; two
subcostals from end of the cell; discocellular bent in the middle, convex at the ends,
radial from close to the lower end ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower
EVRIUPIIBM. 67
at one-fourth before the end; submedian and internal vein curved. Body very stout,
abdomen conical ; palpi ascending, second joint reaching to vertix, flattened in front
and at the side, roughly squamose, third joint lanceolate, about half length of the
second ; antennjB stout, simple ; legs stout, most densely clothed with thick hairy
scales, spurs long. (F. iijnlta.)
VARNIA TAPROBANA (Plate 151, Fig. 7).
Dusky greyish-ferruginous ; forewing crossed by a basal, a curved medial, and
a discal greyish-black band, the discal band dilated at the costal end ; a similar
coloured oblique streak from the posterior angle and another below the apex ;
between all the bands and the streaks are slender indistinct blackish sinuous lines :
hiudwing crossed by several indistinct blackish sinuous lines ; a semi-diaphanous
white geminated spot at end of the cell. Body, palpi, and legs ferruginous-brown.
Expanse ^ to jo inch.
Genus CHLUMETIA.
A'm-haba* Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 813 (1863).
CIdumetia, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1271 (1865).
Wings small : forewing elongated, costa slightly arched, apex rounded, exterior
margin slightly oblique and convex ; cell disposed towards the middle of the wing,
extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half, second at one-sixth,
trifid, fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching third close to its base ; disco-
cellular slender, concave, radials from upper and lower end ; two upper medians from
end of the cell, lower at one-fifth ; submedian slightly recurved : hindwing short,
narrow, exterior margin convex ; cell extending to one-third the length ; two sub-
costals from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, concave, radial from lower end ;
two upper medians from extreme end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and
internal vein recurved. Body short, stout, thorax and abdomen crested ; palpi stout,
obliquely ascending, second joint laxly squamose, laterally widened in front, third
joint short, conical ; antennae stout, minutely pubescent ; legs stout, squamose,
middle and hind spurs very long.
CHLUMETIA TRANSVERSA (Plate 151, Fig. 3).
Nachaba transversa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 114 (1863).
Chlumetia guttiventris, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1271 (1865).
Forewing violaceous-grey; crossed by two indistinct black-speckled grey-
bordered basal, subbasal, medial, and discal waved lines, an outer discal denticulated
Used by Walker in 1859 for a genus of Lepidoptera (see Catal. xix. p. 834).
K 2
68 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
line, a subraarginal broad black zigzag line, and a marginal row of black linear spots :
hindwing pale brownish-cinereous, with a paler interciliary line. Body and legs
brownish-cinereous ; legs with blackish bands.
Expanse ^V i"ch.
CHLUMETIA EGENS (Plate 151, Fig. 9).
? egens, Walker, MS. Bi-it. Mus. Cabinet.
Forewuig purplish-grey; minutely black speckled; crossed by a black basal,
subbasal, and a recurved medial sinuous line, an angulated discal denticulated line,
and a slender sinuous submarginal line ; a small black orbicular and reniform spot :
hindwing cinereous-grey, dusky brown externally, with two black-speckled sinuous
streaks above the anal angle, and a marginal row of black linear spots. Thorax
purplish-grey, abdomen cinereous- grey ; palpi cinereous-grey, black speckled ; tarsi
with black bauds.
Expanse -^^^ to y^ inch.
Family PLTJSIID-S:.
Imago with the forewing smooth, shining, and generally with discal metallic
spots : wings in repose forming a sloping roof. Flight diurnal and nocturnal. Larva
with twelve or sixteen legs, half looped ; attenuated anteriorly ; with bristly spots on
flesby points. Feeds exposed on shrubs or herbaceous plants. Pupa in a silken
cocoon, above ground.
Genus ABROSTOLA.
Ahrostola, Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 88 (1816); Samoiielle, Ent. U. Comp. p. 252 (1819) ;
Guenee, Noct. i. p. 320; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 880.
Ilahroslola, Sodoffsky, Bull. Imp. Soc. Mosc. pt. vi. p. 15 (1837).
Forewing elongated, apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, convex, posterior
margin recurved ; cell long ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell,
second at one-sixth, trifid, third at about one-third from base of second, and fourth
at one-half from base of third, fifth from end of the cell, curved upward and very
shghtly touching third at half-way between its base and the fourth ; discocellular
slightly concave, bent at upper and near lower end, radials from the angles, middle
median from angle near end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian
sUghtly recurved : hindwing short ; cell broad, extending less than half the length ;
two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from
below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third before
PLUSIID^. 69
the end ; submedian and internal vein slightly curved. Body stout, thorax and
abdomen crested ; palpi rather long, second joint ascending to level of the vertex,
very laxly squamose beneath, third joint long, cylindrical, half length of the second ;
antennce simple ; legs stout, pilose, spurs long. {A. triplasia.)
ABROSTOLA TRANSFIXA.
Ahrostola transjixa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xii. p. 884 (1857); xv. p. 1783 (18,58).
Forewing dark greyish-brown, with some transverse basal costal darker brown
curved lines, a subbasal waved duplex hue with purplish centre, and a similar discal
sinuous duplex line, followed by a submarginal zigzag slender black line and a mar-
ginal denticulated line tipt with white dots ; an elongated outwardly oblique slender
silvery-white lined orbicular mark, and a black lined reniform mark ; from tlie
orbicular mark an elongated pale silvery-white lined black-bordered streak extends
to the discal line below the lower median vein : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-
brown, marginal border darkest. Thoi-ax, head, palpi, and legs dark greyish-brown.
Expanse If to If inch.
Genus PLUSIA.
Plusia, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806); Ochsenh. Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 89 (1816); Gueiiee, Noct. ii.
p. 324 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 885.
Phytometra (part), Haworth.
Campma (part), Lamarck.
Forewing elongated, costa slightly arched towards the tip, apex pointed and
slightly falcate, exterior margin oblique, convex hindward, slightly denticulated,
posterior margin recurved ; cell long, extending two-thirds the length ; first subcostal
emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third at one-
fourth from base of second, fourth at one-third from base of third, fifth from end of
the cell and slightly touching third close to its base : discocellular deeply concave in
middle, bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close
to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing
short, exterior margin oblique, convex, slightly denticulated ; cell extending two-
fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial
from near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at
nearly one-half before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout,
thorax and abdomen crested ; palpi ascending, laxly clothed with hairy scales in front,
second joint reaching to vertex, third joint minute ; antennjB simple ; legs rather long,
fore tibiee pilose, middle and hind tibioe with long spurs. {Type, P. chrysitis.)
70 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
PLTJSIA CHRYSITINA (Plate 152, Fig. 7).
Phalmna Noctua chrysitlna, Martyn, Psyche, pi. 21 (1797).
Noctua aurifera, Hiibner, Eur. Scbmett. Noct. pi. 98, fig. 463 (1810).
Plusia aurifera, Tieits. Scbmett. Eur. iii. p. 168 ; Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 335 ; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het.
B. M. xii. p. 892.
Forewing purplish ferruginous-brown, with a broad curved metallic golden-yellow
angulated band extending from middle of the cell to the apex, which is indistinctly
traversed across the disc by a zigzag darker fascia and a few short flecks ; a very
indistinct transverse slender pale golden-yellow zigzag subbasal and an antemedial
line ; a pale golden-yellow lined orbicular and reniform mark : hind wing pale
brownish-cinereous, with cuprescent-brown marginal border. Thorax, head, palpi,
and legs brownish-ferruginous, abdomen paler.
Expanse Ito to 1 "^ inch.
Larva bluish-green, with a few short dorsal hairs ; a prominent white lateral
line, and slender dorsal lines. Pupa olive-green beneath, dorsally purplish-brown ;
stiormata black.
"Feeds on Coreopsis." (Thwaites.)
PLUSIA VERTICILLATA (Plate 152, Fig. 6).
Plusia verticillata, Gueuee, Noct. ii. p. 344 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 923.
Dark cinereous-brown : forewing with a short transverse subbasal costal slender
silvery-white streak, an oblique antemedial line, a less distinct discal angulated hne,
which is silvered only at its posterior end, and a slender black zigzag submarginal
line ; the borders of the basal streak, the medial interspace, and the exterior border
darker coloured and glossy cupreous-ferruginous in some lights ; the antemedial line
is continued below the cell and joins a silvery-white ringlet spot with a very con-
tiguous oval spot ; a very indistinct silvery-white lined oblique orbicular mark, and
a less distinct cuprescent reniform mark : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown,
with a dusky brown border, crests of abdomen tipt with black and grey.
Expanse Ijo to ItV inch.
Larva green, palest along the back ; with indistinct longitudinal lateral and
dorsal paler lines. Pupa green, with black dorsal streaks.
" Feeds on species of Ficus." {Thwaites.)
PLTJSIA NIGEILUNA (Plate 152, Fig. 2, 2a, larva).
Plusia nigriluna, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 931 (1857).
Forewing dark purplish-brown ; with a transverse basal, and an antemedial
silvery-speckled black-bordered slender waved line, a less defined recurved discal
zigzag line, a submarginal sinuous line, and a marginal lunular line ; tte basal,
medial, and submarginal dark interspaces glossy cupreous-brown in some aspects :
hindwing and abdomen brown ; cilia paler, with darker brown spots. Thorax, head,
palpi, and legs dark purplish-brown ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse 1\ inch.
Larva olive-green, darkest beneath ; with a few short fine dorsal hairs ; the
segments spotted with black. Pupa green, with dorsal segmental brown streaks.
" Feeds on Acalypha." (Thivaitos.)
PLUSIA SIGN ATA (Plate 152, Fig. 4).
Noctua signata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 81 (1793).
Plusia signata, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 345 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xii. p. 926.
Plusia furcifera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 927 (1857).
Purplish greyish-brown : forewing crossed by a subbasal costal brown-bordered
slender golden-yellow streak, an antemedial and a postmedial transverse oblique
waved line, followed by a submarginal zigzag line, the intermediate medial area below
the cell, and the outer border glossy cupreous-brown in some lights ; three or four
small black spots below base of the cell ; reniform mark defined by indistinct black
spots and a slender golden-yellow line ; below the cell is a prominent silvery-white
ringlet and a contiguous oval spot : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Crests
of thorax and abdomen tipt with black and grey.
Expanse 1 ^ inch.
PLUSIA OBTUSISIGNA (Plate 152, Fig. \,la, larva).
Plusia obtusisigna. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 930 (1857).
Forewing purplish-grey, numerously black speckled ; a slender pale pinkish
transverse subbasal short waved line, beneath which are some black streaks, an
antemedial pale pinkish black-bordered waved line, and a postmedial recurved
sinuous hue, followed by a submarginal zigzag line, and a marginal lunular line ;
an indistinct white-lined oblique orbicular mark, reniform mark very indistinct; a
silvery-white oblique angular streak extending from the orbicular mark between the
lower median and submedian vein ; discal area above the silvery-white streak, and
also the dark borders of the transverse lines dark glossy purplish-brown in some
lights : hindwing cinereous-brown, palest at the base. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs
purplish-grey, brown speckled, tarsi with blackish bands ; abdomen cinereous-brown.
Expanse 1^ inch.
Larva green, with white longitudinal dorsal lines, subdorsal streaks, and lateral
dots, and black dots on the fifth to last segment ; a black streak on side of the head ;
front of head and fore legs with black dots, middle feet pale red. Pupa purple-brown.
72 THE LEPIDOFTERA OF CEYLON.
PLUSIA LIMBIRENA (Plate 152, Fig. 5).
Plusia limhirena, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 921 (1857).
Forewiiig purplisli greyish-brown, black speckled, crossed by an indistinct
inwardly-oblique subbasal and an antemedial waved slgnder silvery-grey black-
bordered line, and a similar discal denticulated line, followed by a submarginal
sinuous line, and a marginal lunular line witb a purplish spot on the middle of the
margin ; orbicular mark indistinct, outwardly oblique, defined by a pale purple line,
reuiform mark less distinct ; below the cell is a brilliant silvery-white ringlet spot
and a connected lower oval spot ; the darker parts of the wing cupresceut-brown in
some lights : hindwing and abdomen brown, cinereous at the base ; cilia cinereous.
Thorax, head, and palpi purplish greyish-brown ; tarsi black, with pale bands.
Expanse If inch.
PLUSIA OCHREATA (Plate 151, Fig. 4).
Plusia ochreata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiii. p. 839 (1865).
Forewing purplish-ferruginous, with cinereous reflections ; exterior border bright
cupreous ; crossed by an indistinct brown basal, subbasal, and a discal undulated hne,
and a submarginal zigzag line; a long oblique lanceolate silvery-bordered streak
extending from the subcostal across the middle of the cell to the discal line : hindwiner
and abdomen purplish-cinereous. Thorax ferruginous; palpi and legs pale ferru-
ginous-brown.
Exj)anse 1 inch.
PLUSIA AGRAMMA (Plate 152, Fig. 3, 3a, larva).
Pbisia agramma, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 327 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 926.
Plusia inchoata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 841 (1865).
Purpurescent cinereous-brown : forewing with a transverse waved subbasal pale
line, an oblique medial, and an angulated discal line ; an intermediate glossy cupreous-
brown subbasal fascia below the cell, and along the exterior border, the latter traversed
by a blackish zigzag line, the fascite appearing black in some aspects : hindwing and
abdomen pale cinereous-brown.
Expanse 1t*o to ItV inch.
Larva green, with a few fine dorsal hairs; laterally black spotted, and with some
short black pointed spines along the back, which are stoutest on the fifth, sixth,
seventh, eighth, and twelfth segments ; a prominent white subdorsal and a lateral
waved line. Pupa olive-green, with blackish dorsal streaks.
"Feeds on Cucurbitacese." {Thivaites.)
PLUSllD.lZ. 73
PLUSIA PLACIDA (Pr.AiE l.JI, Fir,. 10).
Forewing pale \aolaceous greyish-brown, with a pale greyish-white siil)l)a.sal costal
transverse streak, an inwardly oblique antemedial line from below the cell, and a ])nst-
medial oblique line ; a recurved line extends below the cell from the outer to the inner
line ; the outer border of the wing is traversed by a waved blackish snbmarginal
fascia ; the lower area between the transverse lines from the recurved line, and also
the borders of the submarginal fascia with jenescent reflections ; an indistinct pale
lined orbicular and reniform mark ; a whitish marginal line extends from the apex to
the middle of the posterior margin : hindwing greyish-brown. Body, palpi, and le"-s
pale violaceous grej'ish-brown.
Expanse Ito inch.
PLUSIA LECTULA (Plate 146, Fig. 2).
Prodenia lectiila, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1679 (1858), ^J.
Fhisia Kalitura, Felder et Rogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 110, fig. 24 (1874).
Forewing pnrplish greyish-brown ; some short silvery purplish- white transverse
streaks with blackish borders at the base of the costa and below base of the cell, a
pnrplish- white streak from base of cell, and a more distinct silvery-white bordered
lengthened lanceolate streak extending obliquely below the lower median vein, on
which is a black dot at its upper basal end ; reniform mark blackish, with a silvery-
white lunule on its outer side ; across the disc is a purple-brown zigzag lunular line
with purple-white borders, beyond which is a submarginal row of blackish dentate
spots bordered by a silvery-white sinuous line, and along the exterior margin are two
slender purple-white antecihary lines : hindwing pale cinereous, with broad brownish
marginal border. Thorax and dorsal crests purplish-brown with purphsh-white
streaks; abdomen cinereous; head, palpi, and legs brown.
Expanse 1 to l~ inch.
PLUSIA DISPELLENS.
Pliisia dispellens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet, B. M. xxxiii. p. 838 (1865).
" Female. Cinereous : forewings with a short black basal streak, and with two
very broad cixpreous-brown bands, which converge hindward; first band whitish-
bordered, abbreviated hindward ; second irregular, with some blackish dots on its
exterior side, interrupted hindward ; a whitish oblong patch between the bands,
straightened in the middle, its fore part containing the reniform mark, its hind part
forked ; marginal dots black : hindwings pale cupreous-brown. Head, thorax, and
underside brownish ; palpi ascending, densely tufted to their tips ; fore tibise densely
tufted.
"Expanse 14 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
VOL. III. L
74 THE LEPTDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
PLUSIA IMPULSA.
Plusia impnha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 838 (I860).
" Female. Pale oclireous : forewings with a slight lilac tinge ; three pale
brownish-bordered oblique slightly curved lines ; interior and exterior lines widely
apart, space between them brightly gilded reddish-speckled, containing an oblique
gilded silvery streak ; a reddish apical spot ; reuiform mark very indistinct ; marginal
line pale, brown bordered : hindwings whitish-cinereous beneath, with two indistinct
brownish lines. Abdomen and underside whitish-cinereous.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
PLUSIA MDTANS.
Plumi mutans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxili. p. 839 (1865).
" Female. Cinereous : forewings cupreous tinged, glistening, with some undu-
lating cinereous lines, of which a double one beyond the middle is moi'e distinct
than the others ; submarginal line cinereous, zigzag ; disc with an oblique lanceolate
silvery streak, which is furcate at the base ; marginal line pale cinereous, marginal
lunules blackish. Head and thorax slightly tinged with ferruginous.
" Expanse 18 lines."
Genus PLUSIODONTA.
Plusiodonta, Guonee, Noct. ii. p. 359 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 937.
Deva, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 962 (1857).
Forewing rather short, costa almost straight, pointed at the apex, exterior
margin slightly angular in the middle, oblique hindward, posterior margin excavated
from the end, lobed beyond the middle, the angle and lobe fringed ; cell long, narrow,
extending three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of
the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching third near
its base ; discocellular concave, radials from upper and lower end ; middle median
from close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian recurved :
hindwing broad, exterior margin convex ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; disco-
cellular concave, radial from close to lower end ; two upper medians from end of the
cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body slender, thorax
crested ; palpi long, second joint pilose, thick, ascending to vertex, third joint linear,
almost as long as the second ; antennjB very minutely and sparsely pectinated ; legs
rather long, squamose, spurs long. (P. conducens.)
PLUSIID.E. 7.j
PLUSIODONTA CHALSYTOIDES (I'i.atk \ry.i, Fi,-,. \,\a, i, larva),
Plusiodonta r/idlsi/toidcs, Giienee, Noct. ii. p. 3(>() (18o2).
Deva conducens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. H. M. xii. p. 963 (18o7).
Pliisia afjens, Felder and Rogonli. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 110, fig. 32 (1874).
Forewing dull oclireous olive-brown ; base of the wing with an irreguhu- pui'plish-
cinereous patch, which is bordered by an oblique silvery-white streak from the costn,
followed by some gilded yellow ferruginous-bordered lilacine-lined transverse irregular
marks, an antemedial blackish lilacine-bordered sinuous line, and a very oblique discal
angular blackish duplex line, which is also bent inward to the costa at the lower
subcostal vein, the black portion of the line terminating at the lower median vein,
and its lower end being ferruginous-brown, this line is also bordered by a lilacine-
grey line ; along the outer margin is an elongated upper and short lower gilded-yellow
black-lined mark, and a marginal row of lilac-grey dentate lunules ; an indistinct
gilded-yellow lilac-grey bordered reniform mark : hindwing and abdomen dusky
cinereous-brown ; cilia cinereous. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs ochreous olive-
brown.
Expanse, <J 1, ? 1| inch.
Larva with twelve legs ; violet-black, with grey speckles and streaks ; a purplish
patch on eighth and twelfth segment; head reddish. Pupa narrow, purplish-black,
enclosed within an elongated purplish-grey streaked cocoon.
"Feeds on Cocculus macrocarpus." (Tliwaites.)
Genus BIRTHA.
Birtha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. JL xxxiii. p. 976 (1865).
" Male. Wings broad : forewings subfalcate, hardly acute ; exterior border
slightly rounded and oblique, second inferior vein as near to the third as the first,
fourth not very remote from the third. Body moderately stout ; palpi stout, curved,
clothed with very short hairs, ascending above the vertex, third joint conical, not more
than one-tenth the length of second ; antennae slightly pectinated, setose towards the
tip ; legs rather slender, hind femora and tibiffi with a long fringe, spurs long, slender."
BIRTHA INSULATA.
Birtha i/isulata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 976 (I860).
" Male. Fawn colour, pale cinereous fawn colour beneath : forewings with seven
reddish-brown pale bordered spots ; an antemedial baud formed by the first, second,
and third spots, of which the second is very much larger than the others, and extends
to the interior border ; fourth, fifth and sixth near the costa in front of a large cine-
reous patch which extends to the interior border, and is bordered with brown on the
inner side, and is partly speckled with black; another cinereous patch bordered with
L 2
76 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
brown on tlie inner side, deeply notclied on the outer side, including the seventh spot,
which is costal ; marginal points blackish, elongated : hindwings brownish, marginal
line brown.
" Expanse 19 lines."
Family CALPIDiE.
Imago with the forewing moderately broad, the posterior border excavated and
dentate. Body not crested ; antennjB acuminated, pectinated. Larva with sixteen
feet, glabrous, smooth, cylindrical, slightly moniliforra. Pupa amongst leaves or moss.
Genus OR^SIA.
OrcTsia, Gueuee, Noct. ii. p. 362 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lcp. Ilet. B. M. xii. p. 942 (1857).
Forewing elongated, apex acuminated, exterior margin angular in the middle,
oblique below the angle, posterior margin much excavated from the end, lobate
beyond the middle ; cell extending two-thirds the length, narrow ; first subcostal
emitted at about one-half befoi^e end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, fifth
from end of the cell and touching third at a short distance from its base ; disco-
cellular inwardly oblique, concave in the middle, bent close to each end, radials from
the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-fourth
before the end ; submedian much curved beyond the base : hindwing short, broad,
exterior margin very convex ; cell extending to half the length ; two subcostals from
end of the cell; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from near lower end; two
upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end; submedian
and internal vein straight. Body stout, smooth, abdomen keeled above; palpi
porrect, thickly pilose, very broad laterally at the apex and pointed beneath, third
joint very short, thick ; autennse broadly pectinated on one side only to near the tip
in the male; legs stout, squamose, middle and hind spurs long. (0. redistria.)
OR.a:SIA EMARGINATA (Plate 153, Fig. 2, ? , 2a, larva).
Noctua emartjinata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 240 (1793).
Oroesia emanjiiiata, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 363 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 944.
Orwsia allkiens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. 945 (1857), cJ.
Orcesia tentans, Walker, id. p. 945, $.
Forewings dark ferruginous, with two transverse, indistinct, pale purpHsh-grey
bordered dark brown very oblique subbasal angular lines, two similar medial lines,
and three discal lines, the three latter lines bent inward to the costa and their angles
extending acutely towards the apex ; beyond is a submargiual sinuous line ; the basal
line and the medial below the cell, and the outer discal line black, the intermediate
CALPW.'E. 77
costal border between the inner and outer line, and also the exterior border below
the middle, suffused with pale purple ; an indistinct brown-lined reniform mark ; the
area below the middle of the cell, below the apex, and above the posterior angle
glossy cupreous ; a minute black dot at end of upper median vein ; in the female is
a blackish-grey bordered streak extending along the median vein to the outer discal
line, and a purplish-white bordered streak below the lower median vein : hindwing
pale ferruginous-brown, the base cinereous-brown. Head, palpi, and fore legs
ochreous-yellow, the scales mostly tipt with red ; thorax behind purplish-ferruginous,
abdomen pale ferruginous-brown, tarsi brown.
Expanse If to \\ inch.
Larva half looped, with fourteen legs; dark violet-brown; with a longitudinal
subdorsal row of scarlet and yellow spots, and a sublateral row of white dots. Pupa
dark reddish-brown.
ORiESIA ARGYROSIGNA (Plate 153, Fig. 4, cJ ).
Male : forewing dark purplish violet-brown, with numerous short transverse
blackish waved strigjB, some blackish transverse subbasal waved streaks below the
cell, an oblique medial fascia extending from end of the cell to the middle lobe on
the posterior margin, a transverse discal duplex black line, which is bent acutely
inward to the costa before the apex, followed by a submarginal sinuous black hne ;
the medial fascia and the area above posterior angle glossy cupreous in some lights ;
median vein and its middle branch black ; reniform mark large, broad, defined by a
black line ; a silvery- white oval spot before the apex : hindwing dark brown ; cilia
cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs purphsh violet-brown ; front of
thorax and streaks on the head purple-red ; abdomen above sepia-brown.
Expanse If inch.
Genus ARSACIA.
Arsacia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiv. p. 12(J (1865).
Male. Wings small : forewing elongated, costa slightly arched before the end,
not acute at the apes, exterior margin oblique, slightly convex, posterior margm
lobate towards the base, the angle and lobe fringed ; cell long, fusiform, extending
two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell,
second at one-eighth, quadrifid, the third at one-half from base of the second, the
fourth at one-half from base of third, the fifth being emitted from below the second
at one-third from its base ; discocellular slightly concave, upper radial from end of
the cell, lower from angle close to lower end of the discocellular ; middle median at
about one-eighth before end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end; submedian
slightly recurved : hindwing rather long, apex very convex, exterior margin very
78
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON:
oblique ; cell extending two-thirds the length, narrow ; two subcostals from end of
the cell ; discocellular oblique, radial from lower end ; middle median from one-fifth
before end of the cell, lower at two-fifths; submedian and internal vein straight.
Body rather slender, abdomen long; palpi porrect, broad, thickly clothed beneath,
third joint very short, thick ; antennas setose ; legs long, slender, smooth, spurs long.
ARSACIA SATURALIS (Plate 152, Fig. 8).
Arsacia satundis, Walkei', Calal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1260 (1865).
Forewing deep purplish-ochreous ; with a very oblique whitish line extending
from the apex to middle of the posterior margin ; the inner area from the subcostal
vein to the white line being dai-k olive-brown with a black streak at its apical end ;
a marginal row of minute dentate black points : hindwing and abdomen pale cinereous-
brown. Thorax, head, and palpi purpHsh-ochreous ; legs cinereous-brown; fore tibi«
ochreous above ; tarsi with brown bands.
Expanse | inch.
Genus CALPE.
Calpe, Treitschke, Schmett. Y.av. v. pt. 2, p. 169 (1825); Gueii. Noct. ii. p. 373; Walker, Catal. Lep.
Het. B. M. xii. p. 958.
Calyptra* Ocbsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 78 (1816).
Male : forewing elongated, rather broad, costa slightly arched, acuminated and
almost hooked at the tip, exterior margin oblique, very convex, posterior margin
deeply excavated from the angle and lobed beyond the middle ; cell long, extending
two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell,
second at one-eighth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and joined by a short spur to
base of the third ; discocellular inwardly oblique, slightly concave in the middle, bent
near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the
cell, lower at one-third ; submedian much curved from the base : hindwing short,
broad, exterior margin oblique, convex in the middle; cell extending to half the
lenojth ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial
from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ;
submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout, abdomen smooth ; palpi porrect,
])rojecting half beyond the head, laterally broad, thickly tufted beneath with long
liairy scales, third joint minute, hidden in front ; antennte bipectinated ; legs stout,
compactly pilose, middle and hind tibias with long spurs. {Tijpe, C. Thalictri.)
CALPE MINUTICORNIS (Plate 153, Fig. 3, 3a, larva).
Calpe miiivticornis, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 374 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 959 ; Monro,
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 19.
Forewing glossy lilacine cinereous-brown ; numerousl}^ covered with very slender
* Previously used in Mollusca.
HEMICERID^.
cinereous-wliite wavy strigfe, which are more or less continued across the wing; an
obhque ochreous-brown line with white outer border extending from the apex to
middle of the posterior margin before the lobe ; across the wing are also four or
five oblique brownish flxscisB ; and a submarginal and marginal row of black ])oints :
hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown, the outer border darkest. Thorax, head,
palpi, and fore legs cinereous-brown, with whitish-cinereous strio-ge.
Expanse 1 J inch.
Larva olive-grey ; with a subdorsal row of black-bordered yellow spots and dots,
and a sublateral row of small yellow spots ; a sublateral pale pinkish-bordered black
line enclosing the spots from fifth segment; stigmata black ; head ochreous-yellow
with a black cheek-spot ; legs pale pink. Pupa dark purplish-red.
" Feeds on Cocculus macrocarpus, &c." (Thioaites.)
Family HEMICERID^.
"Wings shining ; posterior border of forewings often excavated. Body smooth.
Larva with sixteen feet, thick, notodontiform. Pupa subterranean. (Gueiiee.)
Genus WESTERMANNIA,
Westermannia, Hiibner, Zutrage, Samml. Exot. Sch. ii. 23, 162, fig. 323-4 (1823); Verz.bek. Schmett.
p. 250 (1818-25) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 975.
Plusiodes, GuL-nee, Noet. ii. p. 386 (1852).
Male : fore wing elongated, triangular, glossy, pointed at the apex, exterior
margin very oblique, slightly convex, posterior margin convex towards the base ;
first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth,
trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touchiug third close to its base ; cell extending
three-fifths the length ; discocellular bent near each end, concave in the middle,
radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at
one-third before the end ; submedian much curved : hindwing short, apex and exterior
margin very convex ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular very obhquely
concave, radial from close to lower end ; two upper medians from extended end of
the cell ; lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight.
Body moderately stout, thorax stout, smoothly clothed, abdomen attenuated towards
the tip ; palpi long, slender, ascending to vertex, second joint curved, third joint
cylindrical, nearly as long as the second ; antennEe slender, setose ; legs squamose,
tibi« moderately stout, middle and hind tibice spurred.
so THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
WESTERMANNIA SUPERBA (Plate 154, Fig. 1, la, larva).
Wcstermmmia snperba, llul)ner, Zutriige Samml. Exot. Schmett. ii. 23, 162, fig. 323-4 (1823); Verz.
bek. Sdimett. p. 2.TO ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 975.
Plvsiodes Westei-mannii, Giicnee, Noct. ii. p. 386, pi. 13, fig. 4 (1852).
Male and female : forewing glossy cuprescent oclireous-brown, the basal area
from the costal edge, and irregularly across the middle of the disc to the submedian
vein, suffused with dull purpurescent silvery-white, enclosed within this area is an
oblique medial transverse cuprescent ochreous-brown patch, which is traversed by
the white discocellular and median vein, and also a minute black spot beyond lower
end of the cell; posterior border below the submedian vein pale brownishochreous ;
an indistinct blackish sinuous submarginal streak, and minute marginal dots : hind-
wing pale cuprescent cinereous-brown, darker externally ; cilia edged with whitish-
cinereous. Thorax pale brownish-ochreous ; head, palpi, and legs white ; abdomen
cinereous-brown.
Expanse, ^ l-iVj ? Itu iuch.
Larva pale olive-greeu, numerously dotted with yellow; a yellow dorsal line on
each segment, a small red streak on each cheek. Pupa reddish, partly pulverulescent-
white.
" Feeds on Termiualia." (Thwaites.)
Family HYBL^IDJE.
Forewing generally rather broad, not excavated or angular. Thorax squamous.
Larva with sixteen feet, thick, attenuated at the ends ; with a few short silky hairs.
Lives in a rolled leaf, feeding from the open ends. Pupa enclosed amongst leaves.
Genus HYBL^A.
Hyhlma, Fabricius, Ent. Sy.st. iii. 2, p. 127 (1793); Guen. Noct. ii. p. 390; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet.
B. M. xii. p. 979.
Euschesis (part), llubner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 221 (1818-25).
Forewing moderately short, broad, apex hardly pointed, exterior margin slightly
convex and oblique, posterior margin convexly angular towards the base ; each sub-
costal branch free, first emitted at three-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-
fifth, third and fourth from angles close to end of the cell, and fifth from the end of
the cell; discocellular inwardly oblique, bent near each end, concave in the middle,
radials from upper and lower angles ; middle median at one-ninth before end of the
cell, lower at one-third ; submedian slightly curved ; a recurved internal vein which
is well separated from the submedian and extends to half length of the margin :
hindwing short, apex convex, exterior margin very oblique, convex ; cell extending
IIYBL^ID^. 81
to half the lengtli ; first subcostal emitted before eiul of the coll; discocellular
outwardly oblique, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of
the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal veins widely
separated, recurved. Body stout; thorax very robust, thickly clothed, smooth;
head small, pointed in front ; palpi pori-ect, closely applied at the tip and projecting
in front of the head like a rostrum, compactly clothed with lengthened scales, the
joints of equal length ; antenna3 setaceous ; legs stout, middle and hind tibias thickly
clothed, spurs stout. {H. piiera.)
HYBL^A PUERA (Plate 154, Fig. 2, 2a, larva).
Fhalcrna Xoctua Fuera, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pi. 103, fig. d, e (1779).
Hyhlma Fuera, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 390; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 979.
Noctua saga, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 137 (17S7).
Ilyblcea saga, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 128 (1793). Naturf. p. 201, pi. 4, fig. 10, 11.
Noctua xinxia, Hiibiier, Eur. Schmett. Noct. fig. 513 (1810).
Euschesis unxia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 221.
Heliothis apricans, Boisduval, Faun. Eut. Mad. et Maur. Lep. p. 98, pi. 15, f. 7 (1834).
Forewing dark purplish greyish-brown, more or less indistinctly flecked with
minute black transverse striga3 ; a darker purple-brown oblique subbasal fascia, a
broad waved discal interrupted fascia, and a similar short fascia from the apex ; these
fasciae are more or less indistinct in the male, and in the female are more or less
interspaced obliquely across the middle and externally from the costa to posterior
angle with longitudinally disposed olive-yellow scales ; an indistinct blackish reniform
spot is also sometimes present : hindwing cupreous-black, with a short discal scarlet-
bordered yellow angulated lobular band, and a short similar coloured band from tlic
anal angle ; cilia pale purple-brown. Body above purplish greyish-brown, abdomen
with slender yellow segmental bands ; palpi, and thorax beneath, and legs yellow,
hind tibifB with a pale scarlet stripe.
Expanse, S IfV, 2 Iw inch.
Larva with a few short silky hairs ; dark purplish-grey above, ohve-green below ;
with dorsal and lateral white lines, a subdorsal row of minute white dots and rings ;
a row of black dots on lateral hue ; head and second segment, and front legs black. '
Pupa dark purple-brown.
" Feeds on BignoniaceJB." (Thwaites.)
B.Y'BLMA CONSTELLATA (Plate 154, Fig. 3, 3a, ^ ?).
Hyhlcea constellata, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 391 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 980.
Male : forewing dark olive-brown ; with an indistinct transverse oblique discal
and a submarginal brown fascia, a few olive-yellow longitudinal scales disposed along
VOL. III. 11
82 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
tlie inner upper and lower ends of the border of tlie discal fascia, and some indistinct
black spots disposed transversely between its outer border and the submarginal fascia :
hindwing cupreous-black, with two small golden-yellow upper discal spots and two
lower streaks ; cilia cuprescent-cinereous. Body dark olive-brown above ; abdomen
beneath scarlet-red ; palpi and thorax beneath, and legs ochreous-yellow ; middle and
hind tibire with a pale scarlet streak. Female : forewing dark olivaceous sepia-brown,
with a few very prominent olive-yellow scales at the costal end of the inner discal
fascia, and a broad oblique patch of olive-yellow scales below the cell, and also an
outwardly oblique series from the costa before the apex : hindwing and body as
in male.
Expanse 1| inch.
Genus MACEDA.
Maceda, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1440 (1857).
Calduha, Walker, id. xv. p. 1815 (1858).
Forewing moderately elongated, rather broad, almost rectangular, exterior
margin slightly oblique ; cell fusiform, extending three-fifths the length ; along the
upper end of the cell, in the male, is a semi-transparent vitreous streak, which is
scabrous both on the upper and underside of the wing ; first subcostal emitted at
one-half before end of the cell, curved upward from the base, second at one-fourth
before the end, trifid, third at one-fourth from base of second, and fourth at one-half
from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and joined by a short spur to the base
of third ; discocellular short, bent near lower end, radials from upper end and lower
angle ; middle median at one-sixth before end of the cell, lower at one-third ; sub-
median curved: hindwing short, apex and exterior margin convex; cell broad,
extending to half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
obhquely concave, radial from the extreme lower end ; two upper medians from a
footstalk one-fourth beyond end of the cell, lower close to end of the cell ; submedian
and internal vein shghtly curved, widely separated from the median. Body moderately
stout ; thorax robust, smooth, abdomen tapering to a point at apex ; palpi slender,
ascending to vertex, laxly squamose beneath, third joint short, conical ; antennje
finely pectinated in male, setose in female ; legs squamose, middle and hind tibia3
with very long spurs.
MACEDA MANSUETA (Plate 154, Fig. 4, 5,^ q ).
Maceda manmeta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 1141 (1857), S ; id. xxxiii. p. 924, ?.
Calduba obtenta, Walker, id. xv. p. 1815 (1858), (J.
Forewing purplish olivescent ochreous-brown ; with a transverse outwardly
oblique straight pale ochreous antemedial line, and an irregular sinuous postmedial
GOXOPTERID^. 83
line, followed by a slender blackish sinuous submargiiial line ; (lio iii(>(lial urea between
the two transverse lines either entirely dark violet-brown or only on the iii»]K'r lialf
of the area, in both sexes; in some females the two transverse lines are less defined
and have only a slightly darker slender border, with the intermediate area of the
same colour as the outer parts ; both sexes have a small black spot at upper end of
the cell, and a slight black streak at base of the posterior margin : hindwiug dusky
violet-brown, with the discal area hyaline-white ; cilia and fringe of abdominal margin
white. Thorax, head, palpi, and bands on tibite and tarsi olive-brown ; body and legs
beneath white.
Expanse 1| to If inch.
Family GONOPTERID^.
Imago with the forewiugs angulated and indented on the exterior border ; thorax
with raised collar; abdomen flattened and truncated in both sexes. {Stainton.)
Larva with sixteen legs, smooth. Feeds exposed on trees. Pupa enclosed in a
slight cocoon amono:st leaves.
Genus COSMOPHILA.
Cosmophila, Boi:?(luval, Faim. Ent. MaJ. Lep. p. 94 (1834); Giieu. Noct. ii. p. 394 (1S.52) ; Walker,
Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 985.
Forewing elongate, moderately broad, costa slightly arched towards the end,
apex acute, exterior margin slightly oblique, and angular in the middle, posterior
margin convex towards the base ; cell long, extending three-fifths the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, third at
one-fourth from base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from
end of the cell and slightly touching the third close to its base; discocellular concave,
bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end
of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short,
broad ; cell extending to half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; disco-
cellular slightly concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end
of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight.
Body moderately stout, abdomen carinated above ; palpi ascending, second joint
clothed with long lax scales, stout, reaching to the vertex, third joint two-thirds
the length of second, cylindrical and acuminate at the tip ; antennge minutely
pectinated ; legs slender, squamose, middle and hind tibice with very long spurs.
(C xanthiadyma.)
M 2
84 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
COSMOPHILA XANTHYNDIMA (Plate 155, Fig. 1, 1 a, 6, c? ? , larva).
Cosmnphila xanthyndimn, Boisduval, Faun. Eiit. Madag. Boiir. et Maur. Lep. p. 94, pi. 13, fig. 7, c?
(1834) ; Gm'nee, Noct. ii. p. 396 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 987, ^.
Cosmophila indica, Giu'nee, Noct. ii. p. 396, ? (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 986.
Cirrmlia variolosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xi. p. 750 (1857), $ .
Cirrivdia edentata, Walker, id. xi. p. 750 (1857), ? .
Male : forewing oclireous-yellow, speckled with ocbreous-red from the base to
the middle, the outer half being pale purplish brownish- ochreous ; two short subbasal
costal angular oclireous-brown lines, an outwardly oblique angulated antemedial line,
an inwardly oblique medial line, followed by an upper discal slender line, and a sub-
marginal dusky brown angulated fascia ; orbicular mark small, defined by an oval
brown ring, reniform mark large, dusky lilacine-brown, with a dusky brown spot
below it : hiudwing pale brownish-ochreous. Thorax, head, and palpi ochreous,
speckled with ochreous-red ; legs whitish, speckled with purphsh-ochreous.
Female : forewing more uniformly paler ochreous, the transverse lines and the
basal speckles as in male, but less distinct ; orbicular and reniform mark paler :
hind wing paler ochreous.
E.Kpanse, <J 1, 2 \\ inch.
Larva with fourteen legs, semi-looped; grass-green, with a dorsal and lateral
hne of minute white dots ; middle and hind claspers reddish. Pupa purpUsh-red.
" Feeds on Eihiscus." {Dr. Thwaites.)
Genus GONITIS.
Gonitis, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 403 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 997.
Forewing elongate, moderately broad, costa almost straight, apex acute, extei-ior
margin acutely angular in the middle ; cell long; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths
before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-fourth from base of
second, and fourth at three-fourths from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and
slightly touching the third near its base; discocellular inwardly oblique, concave,
radials from close to each end; middle median from angle close to end of the cell,
lower at one-third ; submedian slightly curved : hindwing short, broad, exterior
margin almost angular in the middle ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; disco-
cellular slightly bent in the middle, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians
from end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein slightly curved.
Body stout ; palpi ascending above the head, second joint squamose, third joint long,
acuminate at tip ; antennas ciliated ; legs rather thick, compactly clothed with long
scales, spurs very long. {0. mesogona.)
GONOPTERIDjE. 65
GONITIS FULVIDA (Platk 15.5, Fig. 3, S, 3a, larva).
Anomis fulvida, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 397 (1852), ?.
Gonitis fulvida, Mooie, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 19.
Gonitis comhinans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1001 (1857), ?.
Gonitis guttanivis. Walker, id. p. 1003 (1857), $ .
Male : forewing ochreous-yellow, covered with numerous ochreous-red scales ;
crossed by a purple-black oblique waved antemedial line, and a medial line, the latter
bent outward below the reniform mark along the middle median, and is thence zigzag
upward to the costa; an indistinct dusky zigzag submarginal fascia; the veins
outward from the medial line speckled with purple-black and grey ; a prominent
white orbicular spot, and an oval white spot bordering the lower end of the dusky
grey reniform mark : hindwing pale ochreous-brown. Cilia edged with white.
Thorax and head reddish-ochreous ; abdomen, palpi, and legs ochreous-brown.
Female paler : forewing with the transverse lines more slender and less distinct,
the antemedial and lower part of the medial line angular ; orbicular white spot
very minute ; reniform indistinct and not white at lower end ; veins externally less
distinctly speckled.
Expanse I5 to If inch.
Larva with a few short fine black hairs ; black above, olive-yellow beneath ; with
a subdorsal row of short transverse yellow streaks, above which is a row of minute
yellow spots; stigmata black; head and legs pale reddish. Pupa dark purple-
brown.
GONITIS INVOLUTA (Plate 153, Fig. 7).
Gonitis involuta. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1003 (1857).
Gonitis hasalis, Walker, id. p. 1004 (1857), $ .
Tiridata coltif/ata, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 870 (1865).
Forewing cinereous ochreous-brown ; numerously covered with uniformly dis-
posed short transverse cinereous strigaB and blackish speckles; a very indistinct
transverse basal curved pale-bordered brown line, an angulated medial line, and a
postmedial line, which is curved hindward, and bent outward from lower end of the
cell, and thence waved upward to the costa; a very indistinct submarginal brown
zigzag fascia ; a white dot at base of the cell ; a brown-bordered white orbicular
dot, and a more or less defined black-spotted brown reniform mark : hindwing and
abdomen paler cinereous ochreous-brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs cinereous
ochreous-brown.
Expanse, 6 1^, $ If inch.
8,6 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
GONITIS MESOGONA (Plate 153, Fig. 8).
Gonitis mesogona. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1002 (1857).
Male and female. Olivescent cinereous-brown : forewing numerously covered
with short transverse slender waved cinereous strigce, and with a few black speckles,
which are mostly disposed upon the outer border ; a transverse short basal cinereous-
bordered line, an antemedial inwardly-oblique line, which is straight hiudward and
bent inward in crossing the cell to the costa ; a similar postmedial line, which is
straight hindward and bent outward at the middle median and waved upward to
the costa ; beyond which is a less distinct zigzag submarginal fascia ; some small
indistinct black-speckled spots below base of the cell ; reniform mark represented
by two black spots : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Thorax and head
olivescent cinereous-brown, with cinereous speckles ; palpi and legs speckled with
purplish-ochreous ; a slender collar on front of the thorax, and edges of the tegula3
cinereous.
Expanse If to If inch.
Genus RUSICADA.
Rusicada, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1006 (1857).
Male : forewing longer and narrower than in typical Gonitis, the exterior margin
more oblique and less angulated iu the middle : hindwing also longer and narrower.
Venation similar. Palpi somewhat more slender ; legs much more slender ; antennae
minutely ciliated.
RUSICADA NIGRITARSIS (Plate 155, Fig. 2, 2 a, b, c, f/, (^ ? , larva).
Rusicada nigi-itarsis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1006 (1857), cJ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 20.
Gonitis albitibia, Walker, I.e. p. 1001, $ .
Male : forewing dark purplish reddish-ochreous, palest and blotchy on the
posterior border ; crossed by a darker oblique zigzag antemedial and a medial line,
the latter bent below the reniform mark, and is thence sinuous upward to the costa ;
a less distinct submarginal dark zigzag slender fascia ; an indistinct minute white
orbicular spot and grey-lobed reniform mark; cilia purphsh-brown : hindwing duskv
brown; cilia edged with cinereous-white. Female darker coloured, marked as in
male. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above dark reddish-ochreous ; tarsi with pale
bands, tibial tuft in female white externally.
Expanse, <? IfV, ? Itu inch.
Larva olive-green, or olive-grey, with dorsal and lateral yellow or whitish longi-
tudinal hues ; each segment dotted with black. Pupa dark purple-brown.
" Feeds on Waltheria indica, &c." (Thwaites.)
GONOPTERIDyE. 87
RUSICADA ICONICA.
Anomis iconica, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 992 (1857), $.
"Female. Reddish fawn colour, whitish beneath : forewings slightly tinged
with shining purple, with three indistinct diffuse undulating blackish bands, and
with a row of submarginal blackish dots; reniform spot indicated by a blackisli
mark ; tips somewhat rounded ; exterior border nearly straight, hardly oblique :
hindwing pale cinereous, with an seneous tinge. Abdomen pale cinereous, and with
a metallic tinge.
"Expanse 16 lines."
Genus THALATTA.
Thalatta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 996 (1857).
Forewing short, moderately broad, almost straight in front, acute at the apex,
exterior margin angular in the middle ; cell narrow, extending more than half the
length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at
one-fifth, trifid, fifth from eud of the cell and joined to third by a short spur near its
base ; discocellular slightly concave, bent at each end, radials from the angles ;
middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; sub-
median curved at the base : hindwing short, broad, convex externally ; two subcostals
from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, radial from near lower end ; two
upper medians from end of the cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body moderately slender, palpi long, slender, obliquely ascending, second
joint reaching level of the eyes, laxly squamose, third joint long, more than half
length of second, lanceolate ; antennse minutely pectinated ; femora and tibife densely
clothed with long hairs. (Ti/pe, T. precedens.)
THALATTA MODESTA (Plate 153, Fig. 5).
Thalatta modesta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 22.
Forewing purple-brown ; crossed by a postmedial indistinct pale-bordered brown
line : hindwing cinereous-brown. Body, palpi, and legs brown.
Expanse 1-ny inch.
THALATTA ALBIORBIS (Plate 153, Fig. 6).
Thalatta albiorbis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 22.
Forewing dark purplish-brown; crossed by a postmedial indistinct outwardly
oblique waved brown line ; a prominent pure white orbicular spot : hindwing greyish-
brown ; cilia white. Underside purplish greyish-brown : hindwing brown speckled.
Palpi and legs dark purple-brown.
Expanse Itu inch.
88 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CETLON.
Genus FALANA.
Falann, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 153; Asiat. Soc. Bengal (1882).
Forewing somewhat sliort, broad anteriorly, costa straight, apex pointed ;
exterior margin very irregularly scalloped, angular in the middle ; first subcostal
branch emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second from close to the
end, trifid, third from very near base of second, fourth from near end of the third
and terminating at the apex, fifth from end of the cell and touching third near its
base ; discocellular slightly bent near each end, slightly concave in the middle, radials
from the angles ; upper and middle median branches from angles at end of the cell,
lower at nearly one-half before its end ; submedian nearly straight : hindwing some-
what small, short and narrow ; exterior margin slightly uneven ; costal vein nearly
straight ; two subcostal branches from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, straight,
inwardly oblique, radial from near its lower end; cell short; two upper median
branches from beyond end of the cell, lower from close before its end ; submedian
and internal vein straight. Body moderate, abdomen extending beyond hindwings;
palpi ascending, second joint squamose, extending to vei'tex, third joint of nearly
equal length, slender ; legs long ; tibiae tufted, hind femora tufted beneath ; antennce
setose.
FALANA SORDID A (Plate 155, Fig. 4).
Falana sordida, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 154 (1882).
Dull brownish-ochreous : forewing with an indistinct basal and medial transverse
darker band, the latter inwardly bordered by a slight black sinuous line and outwardly
by a less distinct duplex sinuous line, the latter ending on the costa in a pale streak ;
the discal and marginal area black speckled, and with a discal series of indistinct
black-speckled spots, which are most prominent at the apical end ; an indistinct
black orbicular dot and an elongated pale centred black reniform streak : hindwing
ochreous-brown ; cilia ochreous. Body ochreous ; palpi and legs above ochreous-
brown, tuft on hind femora white.
Expanse lyV to lA inch.
Family OPHIUSID^.
Toxocav^pidcr, Guen. Noct. ii. p. 419 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1022.
Imago of moderate size ; thorax smooth, with raised collar ; abdomen smooth,
flattened. {Stainton.)
Larva smooth, elongate, attenuated at the ends, with sixteen legs, the first two
pairs of ventrals rather short. Pupa enclosed amongst portions of leaves, moss, &c.
OPHIUSIBJE. 89
Genus OPHIUSA.
Ophiusa, Ochsenheimer, Sclimett. Eur. iv. p. 93 (1816); Iliibucr (spelt Ophiussa), Yvrz. lick. Scliiuctr.
p. 267 (1818-2o); Stephens, III. Biit. lus. Haust. iii. p. 125 (1829); Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M.
p. 152 (1850).
Hemachra (part), Sodoffsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. pt, vi. p. 15 (1837).
Toxocampa, Guenee, Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. x. p. 75 (1841); Noct. ii. p. 423 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep.
Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1027.
"Wings rather broad and short : forewing triangular, apex somewhat pointed,
exterior margin hardly oblique, slightly convex ; cell extending a httle beyond half
the Tving ; first subcostal emitted beyond one-half before end of the cell, second at
one- fifth, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second, and fourth at four-fifths from
base of third, fifth from end of the cell and very slightly touching third near its base ;
discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radials from upper end and near lower end ;
middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before tlie end ;
submedian curved from the base : hindwing ample, broad, exterior margin convex,
waved ; cell extending two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ;
discocellular bent in the middle, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians
on a short footstalk beyond the extreme end of the cell, lower at one-third ; sub-
median and internal vein slightly recurved. Body rather slender, thorax laxly
clothed ; palpi stout, pilose, obliquely ascending, second joint reaching level of the
eyes, third joint short, thick, conical; antennas finely serrate-pectinate, in male; legs
rather stout, compactly pilose, spurs long. {Type, 0. lusoria.)
OPHIUSA METASPILA (Plate 154, Fig. 6).
Toxocampa metaspila, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het, B. M. xiii. p. 1032 (1857).
Ophiusa paUldiUiiea, Walker, id. xv. p. 1832 (1858).
Greyish-brown : forewiug with several very indistinct transverse undulatmg
blackish-speckled lines, a pale ochreous straight discal line containing a white dot
on the veins, bordering which on the outer side are some dull ferruginous streaks ;
a maro-inal row of black dots ; a minute white orbicular spot : hindwing dusky brown,
with a narrow pale ochreous-browu discal transverse band ; cilia pale ochreous-brown.
Body greyish-brown ; thorax with a dark brown collar in front ; head, palpi, and legs
above dark brown.
Expanse If inch.
OPHIUSA aUINaUELINEA.
Toxocampa qvinqnelinea, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 872 (1865).
" Female. Fawn-colour, pale cinereous-testaceous beneath : forewings with five
indistinct reddish-brown denticulated lines, of which the fourth and fifth are diffusedly
VOL. III. N
90 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
connected in the forepart of the disc ; exterior border reddish-brown ; orbicular and
renif orm marks obsolete : hindwings pale fawn-colour, with a broad darker border ;
fringe pale. "Wings beneath with a large dark brown discal spot and with a paler
brown exterior line. Third joint of the palpi as long as the second.
" Expanse 16 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
OPHIUSA SEXLINEA.
Toxocmnpa sexlinea, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 872 (1865).
" Female. Cinereous fawn-colour, paler beneath : forewings with six slender
indistinct brownish nearly upright lines; first almost obsolete, second, third, and
fourth slightly undulating, fifth almost straight, sixth denticulated ; reniform mark
blackish, narrow, forming a truncated lunule, between the third and fourth lines ;
orbicular forming a whitish dot containing a black point : hindwings without lines ;
underside with a brown discal lunule. Head and forepart of thorax brown.
" Expanse 15 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
OPHIUSA DORSIGERA.
Toxocampa dorsigera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 873 (1865).
" Female. Cinereous-brown, paler beneath : forewings transversely cinereous-
streaked ; submarginal line cinereous, nearly straight ; a more exterior row of black
points, of which the largest is near the interior angle ; orbicular mark forming a
whitish point ; reniform deep black, emitting a streak towards the costa and accom-
panied on the outer side by an elongated dot : hindwings dingy cinereous, with
a broad diffuse brown border ; fringe pale cinereous. Palpi slightly ascending,
extending leather beyond the head ; second joint broad, third elongate-conical, one-
fourth length of the second. Thorax deep black in front ; legs stout, femora and
tibias fringed.
" Expanse 28 lines."
Family HOMOPTERIDJE.
Imago with the forewings moderately broad and triangular ; abdomen mostly
with crests. Larva with sixteen feet, the first two pairs of ventrals aborted.
HOMOPTERIDjE. 91
Genus PANDESMA.
Fandesma, Guonee, Noct. ii. p. 438 (1852).
Thrta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1111 (1857).
Cerbia, Walker, id. xiv. p. 1365 (1858).
Forewing somewhat elongate, moderately broad, costa almost straight, apex
obtuse, exterior margin slightly oblique and scalloped ; cell narrow, extending to
half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at
one-sixth, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second, and fourth at one-third from
base of third, fifth from end of the cell, and slightly touching third near its base ;
discocellular slightly concave, bent close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle
median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; sub-
median much curved from the base : hindwing short, broad, almost quadrate, exterior
margin almost angular in the middle, slightly scalloped ; cell short, extending one-
third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular very concave'
radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from extended lower end of the cell,
lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein slightly curved.
Body very stout ; palpi obliquely ascending, first joint laxly clothed, second joint
long, robust, compactly squamose, reaching to middle of the eyes, third joint one-
third the length of the second, slightly clavate at the tip ; antenna slightly pectinated
in male, simple in female ; legs short, pilose, all the tibijB densely tufted, middle and
hind tibia3 with long spurs. {Tijpe, P. Quenavadi.)
PANDESMA aTJENAVALI (Plate 156, Fig. \,S)-
Fandesma Quenavadi, Gueaee, Noct. ii. p. 438, pi. 15, fig. 3 (1852).
Forewing pale purplish-cinereous, the exterior border purplish cinereous-brown ;
speckled with minute black scales ; an indistinct subbasal, and an antemedial
interrupted zigzag transverse black-scaled line, an entire medial and a discal zigzag
slender line, followed by two very indistinct submai^ginal zigzag bands, and a marginal
row of black points ; a small cinereous-speckled blackish orbicular spot, and large
reniform mark : hindwing purplish cinereous- white, with a broad dusky purplish-
black marginal band, which is speckled with cinereous from the anal angle, and the
lower veins are also black speckled. Body cinereous-brown, abdomen palest ; palpi
with a black lateral longitudinal streak ; legs cinereous above, with black tarsal bands.
Expanse If to 2 inches.
Genus ANODAPHA.
Folydesma* Boisduval, Faun. Ent. Mad. Lep. p. 108 (1834); Gueuee, Noct. ii. p. 439 ; Walker, Catal.
Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1040.
Forewing elongate, triangular, broad, costa slightly arched towards the end,
* Poli/dcsjnus used by Latreille iu 1802, for a genus of Myriapods.
N 2
92 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, convex, scalloped ; cell short, narrow, extending
two-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell,
second at one-sixth, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second, and fourth at one-
third from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and joined by a very short spur to
the third near its base ; discocellular concave, radials from each end ; middle median
from ano-le close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian
deeply curved from the base : hindwing short, very broad, apex very convex, exterior
margin scalloped, abdominal margin long and densely fringed ; cell short, extending
oae-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave,
radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-
fifth before the end; submedian and internal vein shghtly curved. Body stout,
abdomen tapering to the apex ; palpi ascending, second joint reaching to level of the
vertex, squamose, third joiut lanceolate, about one-third length of second ; antennae
serrate-setose in male, setose in female; legs most densely pilose; spurs long.
(.4. hoarmokles.)
ANODAPHA BOARMOIDES (Plate 156, Fig. 2).
Polydesma hoarmoides, Gut-nee, Noct. ii. p. 441 (18.52) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1042.
Ochreous-brown, densely speckled with dark brown : forewing with a transverse
basal, subbasal, medial, and a contiguous discal irregular zigzag black fine, each
ending in a dilated black streak on the costa ; two obscure broad blackish zigzag
submai'ginal bands, and a marginal black-bordered pale lunular line ; a small black-
lined oval orbicular spot, and reniform mark : hindwing with similar but more
obscurely defined transverse markings. Front of thorax, head, palpi, and legs, pale
ochreous ; tarsi with brown bands.
Expanse 1| to 2 inches.
ANODAPHA ERTJBESCENS.
Poltjdesma eruhesccns, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 876 (1865).
" Female. Reddish ; paler beneath. Wings with the interior and exterior lines
lirighter red, denticulated; submarginal line white, irregular, incomplete ; marginal
points black ; a few black points along the costa. Forewiugs testaceous at the base,
and with a red denticulated basal line ; reniform mark pale, narrow, containing two
black points : hindwings beneath whitish-testaceous, with two red denticulated lines.
Palpi whitish on the inner side, third joint lanceolate, a little more than half-length
of the second. Body beneath whitish-testaceous ; abdomen with a whitish band on
the hind border of each segment.
" Expanse 12 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
IIOMOPTERID.E. 93
Genus PANILLA.
Male: forewing short, moderately broad and triangular; cell less than half the
length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth,
trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching the third near its base ; discocellular
slender, bent near each end, concave in the middle, radials from the angles ; middle
median from near end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian
much curved from the base : hindwing ample, broad, exterior margin very convex ;
two subcostals from beyond end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, radial from
below the middle ; two upper medians from beyond end of the cell, lower at one-
third before the end ; submedian and internal vein curved. Body slender, abdomen
slightly tufted at apex ; palpi very laxly pilose beneath to the tip ; antennce minutely
pectinated ; legs rather short, femora and tibias very laxly clothed with long silky
hairs, spurs long.
TyTpe, P. dispila.
PANILLA DISPILA (Plate 156, Fig. 12, ? ).
Homoptera dispila, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 890 (1865),^.
Ilomoptera divisistriga, Walker, MS. Brit. Miis. Coll.
Male and female ochreous-brown : forewing with a transverse equidistant basal,
subbasal, and a medial zigzag pale-bordered black line, a curved discal denticulated
line, followed by a pale sinuous submarginal line, and a marginal row of short black
linear spots ; a small black orbicular spot, a large black triangular spot beyond the
middle of the discal Hne, and a smaller spot opposite it on the exterior margin ; some
black streaks along the costal edge : hindwing with a transverse antemedial and a
recurved postmedial pale-bordered black denticulated line, a small spot at end of the
cell, and a marginal row of black linear spots.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus GIRPA.
Girpa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xv. p. 1849 (1858).
Male : forewing rather short, arched towards end, apex pointed, exterior margin
obhque, posterior angle convex ; cell extending to two-fifths the length ; first sub-
costal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third
at one-third from base of second, fourth at three-fourths from base of third ; fifth
from end of the cell and slightly touching second at one-third below base of the third ;
discocellular concave, radials from upper and lower end ; middle median from angle
close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian much curved
from the base: hindwing short, very broad, quadrate, the apex almost angular,
exterior margin convexly angular in the middle, abdominal margin short ; cell short,
less than one-third the length ; two siibcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
94 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
very obliquely concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from
prolonged lower end of the cell, lower median at one-fourth before the end ; sub-
median and internal vein straight. Body short, moderately stout ; thorax thick,
laxly clothed ; palpi ascending, second joint stout, of equal breadth its entire length,
reaching to level of the eyes, laxly squamose, third joint long, lanceolate, two-thirds
length of the second, antennge very long, minutely bipectinated ; legs thick, femora
and tibias, and hind tarsi, thickly clothed with woolly hairs.
GIRPA INANGULATA (Plate 156, Fig. 6, 6a, $ q).
Hulodes inangulata, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 210 (1852), $ .
Remigia optativa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1510 (1858),^.
Remigia optatura. Walker, id. xv. p. 1848 (1858), J .
Remigia com.itata, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 1018 (1865), 5 .
Hulodes wnhrosa, Walker, Cbar. of Undes. Lep. Het. p. 91 (1869), ^J.
Male. Greyish ochreous-brown, numerously speckled with minute dark brown
scales : forewing with eight transverse ill-defined dark brown-speckled sinuous bands,
the fourth or middle band and the eighth or submarginal being the most distinct and
broadest ; orbicular mark small, oblique, reniform mark large, botli defined by a brown
line ; the outer lines ending on the costa in a pale yellow dot ; a marginal row of
white-bordered black dots : hindwiug with five transverse discal similar sinuous bands,
and marginal row of dots. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs, greyish ochreous-brown,
abdomen paler. Female. Greyish brownish-oclireous, minutely black speckled ; with
similar transverse markings as in male : forewing with the third, fourth, and eighth
band most distinct, the latter being broader, almost black and speckled with white
scales : hindwing with the bands more distinctly defined and slightly bordered with
white scales.
Expanse If to 1| inch.
GIRPA FRATERNA (Plate 156, Fig. 5, 5a, ,? ? ).
Male. Greyish-brown, or greyish ochreous-brown : forewing with apparently
eight transverse dark ferruginous-brown sinuous bands, which are more or less
distinct, the three outer bands partly coalescent, and thus form a wide angulated
fascia ; orbicular and reniform marks ferruginous-brown ; a marginal row of black
dots : hindwing with a discal ti^ansverse series of similar ferruginous -brown bands,
and marginal dots, the outer bands partly coalescent as in forewing. Body greyish-
brown. Female greyish ochreous-brown, with similar transverse dusky-brown bands.
Expanse If to If inch.
Distinguishable from G. inangulata by the smaller size of both sexes. The male
also havmg a comparatively shorter forewing, and a decidedly more angular hindwiufr.
nOMOPTERID^ 95
GIRPA ERIOPHORA (Plate 156, Fio. 4, j).
Hulodea eriophora, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 210 (1852), $.
Ophisma deficicns, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1383 (1858) j.
Remigia perjidiosa, Walker, id. xiv. p. 1511 (1858), g.
Hypopijra apicalis. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. vii. p. 178 (1864), $.
Ophisma cunulifera, Walker, MS. B. M. Coll, g .
Male and female. Dark lilacine-cinereous. Male : forewing with a transverse
obsolescent subbasal and an incomplete antemedial blackish-speckled zigzag line, a
faint medial undulated line, three nearly erect discal denticulated more distinct lines,
followed by a broader angulated outer duplex line, and a slender blackish marginal
line with white-bordered square tipt dots ; orbicular spot and reniform mark very indis-
tinct, rufous-brown : hindwing with an inner black-speckled discal fascia, four outer
denticulated lines, and a marginal black-pointed line. Female : forewing with similar
blackish-speckled subbasal and antemedial incomplete lines ; medial line obsolete ;
the three black discal lines and the outer duplex angulated line prominent, the
interspace between the inner and outer discal line being broadly and irregularly dark
ferruginous ; reniform mark prominent, obliquely curved, narrow, and dark ferru-
ginous ; orbicular obsolescent ; marginal pointed line as in male : hindwing with five
similar transverse lines, which are most distinct posteriorly, and broader, the points
slightly white speckled, and there is a small slightly ferruginous patch between the
outer lines near posterior angle ; a marginal black square-pointed line.
Expanse, ^ 1|, ? 2^ inches.
GIRPA PERTENDENS (Plate 156, Fig. 3, Zu, $ ?).
Remigia pertendens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1512 (1858), (J.
Male and female lilacine-cinereous. Male : forewing with a transverse subbasal,
and an antemedial ill-defined black-speckled zigzag line, a slightly broader undulated
medial fascia, followed by two denticulated discal lines, and two outer angulated
ferruginous-brown bordered lines, the two outer Unes being more distinct and with
a few clustered whitish speckles near upper end ; a slender black marginal Une with
white bordered points ; a small blackish-speckled orbicular spot, and a larger reniform
mark : hindwing with an inner discal transverse blackish-speckled fascia, two outer
denticulated lines, and two lunular ferruginous-brown angulated lines, and a marginal
black-pointed line. Female : forewing with the inner lines, orbicular and reniform
spots obsolescent; the two outer discal angulated lines coalescent, widened and
white- speckled at the apical end, and bordered by the upper parts of the adjoining
lines ; marginal pointed line less distinct : hindwing with the Unes broader posteriorly,
ferruginous speckled, obsolescent anteriorly ; marginal pointed line also indistinct.
Expanse, S 1|, 2 1' inch.
96 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Both sexes of tliis species are distinguishable from G. eriophora by the shorter,
broader, and less falcated forewiug, and larger hindwing, the discal denticulated hnes
are somewhat different and more oblique, the outer angulated hne being also com-
paratively further from the exterior margin.
Genus CADUCA.
Male : forewing short, broad, triangular ; cell extending to half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third
at one-sixth from base of second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth
from end of the cell and touching third near its base ; discocellular slender, concave,
bent near lower end, radials from upper end and lower angle; middle median from
near end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end; submedian much
cuiwed near the base : hindwing ample, broad, apex and exterior margin very convex ;
cell extendino- to one-third the length ; two subcostals on a footstalk at a short
distance beyond end of the cell ; discocellular extremely slender, concave, radial from
near lower end ; two upper medians from beyond end of the cell, lower at one-fourth
before the end; submedian and internal vein slightly curved. Body somewhat
slender ; palpi obUquely ascending, laxly pilose beneath, second joint reaching to
level of the eyes, third joint short, pilose in front ; antennge serrated, pectinated, the
branches broad at the base ; legs slender, tibiae shghtly pilose, middle and hind tibijE
with very long spurs, tarsi long.
Ti/pc, C. meleagris.
CADUCA MELEAGRIS (Plate 156, Fig. 7).
Alamis meleagris, Felder and Eogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. iii fig. 32 (1874).
Male. Dark ochreous-brown : forewing with a transverse basal and a subbasal
brownish-white bordered black sinuous hne, a discal denticulated line, followed by a
submarginal whitish lunular line, and a marginal series of whitish-bordered Y-shaped
black marks ; a small oval blackish orbicular spot, and a large reniform mark, both
with a few whitish speckles ; the area between subbasal and discal lines brownish-
white transversely flecked with brown strigfB, cilia alternated with black : hindwing
with two transverse medial indistinct blackish fascias, a curved discal black denticu-
lated line with a whitish-speckled outer border from its middle to anal end, followed
by whitish lunules and a marginal series of whitish-bordered Y-shaped black marks ;
cilia alternated with white. Body, and palpi dark ochreous-brown, with whitish
speckles ; legs brown with whitish bands.
Expanse If inch.
EOMOPTEBIDjE. 97
Genus HOMOPTERA?
Homoptera, Boisd. Guerin's Icon. Rug. Auim. p. 522, pi. 89 (1829).
HOMOPTERA COSTIFERA.
Homoptera costifera. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 886 (1865).
" Male. Reddish fawn colour, cinereous fawn colour beneath. Wings with the
usual pale denticulated lines almost obsolete ; marginal points white ; lines more
distinct beneath : forewings with submarginal white points ; the third from the costa
much larger than the others, and accompanied by a more exterior testaceous dot ;
a white apical spot containing a black point ; three white costal subapical points ;
orbicular and reniform marks nearly obsolete : hindwings with an irregular testaceous
mark in the disc. Third joint of the palpi about one-third as long as the second ;
thorax with a whitish cinereous band, which is continued along the costa of the
forewings.
" Expanse 8 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
HOMOPTERA PROCUMBENS.
Homoptera prociimhens. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 886 (1865).
" Female. Brown, slightly tinged with cinereous ; cinereous beneath. Wings
with five blackish pale-bordered undulating lines ; marginal lunules black, cinereous-
bordered : forewings with some white points along the costa ; orbicular and reniform
marks small, black, pale-bordered.
" Expanse 9 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
HOMOPTERA RETRAHENS.
Homoptera retrahens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 887 (1865).
"Male and female. Cinereous fawn colour, more cinereous beneath. Wings
with several pale indistinct denticulated lines ; interior and exterior lines blackish,
denticulated, the former incomplete ; submarginal points black ; marginal festoon
blackish : forewings with blackish marks along the costa ; a blackish spot in the disc
beyond the exterior line ; orbicular and reniform marks almost obsolete : hindwings
with the interior border fringed. Palpi short ; third joint less than half length of
the second ; antenn;© hardly more than half length of the body.
"Expanse 10 lines."
i.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
VOL. III. 0
98 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Family HYPOGRAMMIDiE.
Imago with moderated sized oi^ small wiugs : forewing ratlier elongated and
narrow. Palpi mostly ascending and rather long ; antenuc^ long ; abdomen frequently
crested.
Genus BRIADA.
Briada, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1097 (1857).
Male : forewing elongated, triangular, costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, exterior
margin obhque, slightly convex, denticulated, posteinor margin convex at the base ;
cell extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before
end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and slightly
touching third near its base ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radials from
upper end and close to lower end; middle median from one-seventh before end of the
cell, lower at three-sevenths ; submedian very deeply curved at the base : hindwing
rather ample, broad, apex convex, exterior mai-gin denticulated; cell extending to
one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular outwardly
obhque, concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the
cell, lower at one-third; submedian and internal vein slightly curved. Body
moderately stout ; palpi ascending, second joint laxly squamose, long, reaching above
the eyes, third joint long, cylindrical, about same length as second ; antennse setose ;
legs densely clothed with long silky hairs, hind tibia? fringed, spurs long. {Type, B.
precedens.)
BRIADA PRECEDENS (Plate 156, Fig. 8, ? ).
Bi-iarda precedens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 109S (1857), ?.
Male : forewing dark ochreous-browu ; base of the wing, a broad short oblique
patch from middle of the costa, and a patch at the apex darker brown ; with two ill-
defined transverse basal, two subbasal, two medial, and two discal black pale-bordered
zigzag lines, a less distinct submarginal line, and a marginal row of ochreous- white
bordered black dots ; some indistinct black streaks below the apex and on the disc ;
a puuctiform white spot at upper end of the cell, and another at base of the wing :
hindwing cinereous-brown, with darker exterior border. Body, palpi, and legs dark
ochreous-brown. Female: forewing pale brownish-ochreous, with prominent dark
brown basal, medial, and apical patches, which are traversed by black zigzag lines,
these lines being more or less obsolescent across the pale interspaces : hindwing paler
than in the male.
Expanse Ij- to 1§ inch.
HYPOGEAMMIDJS. 99
Genus CORSA.
Corsa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1101 (1857).
Male: forewing rather short, triangular; cell extending to more than half the
length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth,
trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of
third, fifth from end of the cell, bent upward and touching third near its base ;
discocellular slightly concave and bent close to each end, radials from the angles ;
middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ;
submedian much curved from the base : hindwing short, broad ; exterior margin
convex ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, slightly
oblique and concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the
cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and intenial vein straight. Body
moderately stout ; abdomen attenuated at the tip, extending beyond the hindwings ;
palpi erect, compressed, second joint reaching to level of the eyes, stout, squamose,
third joint lanceolate, more than half length of second; antennae bipectinated ; forelegs
densely clothed with long silky hairs, middle femoi'a pilose, hind femora and tibife
densely clothed, first joint of tarsus also hairy ; spurs long.
CORSA LIGNICOLORA (Plate 156, Fig. 9).
Corsa Ugnicolora, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1101 (1857).
Chestnut-bi'own : forewing with a bi'oad transverse basal black streaked band, a
broad purplish-brown discal fascia, followed by a curved submarginal pale purplish-
brown line, a blackish apical border, and pale-bordered black marginal spots ; medial
area pale purplish-brown, with some transverse black streaks from the costa ;
orbicular and reuiform spot pale chestnut-brown : hindwing with a pale purplish-
brown submarginal line, and pale-bordered black marginal lunules. CiHa alternated
with l)lack. Body and legs above chestnut-brown.
Expanse \\ inch.
Genus CALLYNA.
Catlpui, Gnenee, Noct. i. p. 112 nS52) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1118.
Forewing elongated, rather broad, costa slightly arched at the base, apex obtuse,
exterior margin slightly oblique, and scalloped, posterior margin convex towards the
base ; cell extending more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half
before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of
second, and fourth at one-fifth from base of third ; fifth from end of the cell, and
joined to the third, by a short erect spur, half-way between its base and the fourth ;
discocellular slightly bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median
from angle close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-third before the end ;
0 2
100
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
submedian recurved from the base : liindwing short, broad, apex convex, exterior
maro-iu convex, waved ; cell less than half the length ; two subcostals fi'om end of
the cell ; discocellular slightly oblique, bent below the middle, radial from the angle ;
two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal
vein straight. Body thick, thorax laxly clothed; abdomen carinated above, tip
pointed ; palpi ascending, curved, reaching to the vertex, compactly squamose, third
joint short, thick, conical ; antennae setaceous ; legs stout, tibiae clothed with short
coarse hairy scales, tarsi thick ; spurs long and stout.
{Type, C. Siderea.)
CALLYNA COSTIPLAGA (Plate 156, Fig. 10).
Forewing violaceous-brown, minutely speckled with yellowish-ochreous scales ;
a broad short costal transverse antemedial and a postmedial violet-black irregular
quadrate band, each margined by a pale-bordered blackish Hue, which indistinctly
form the ordinary transverse hues, the postmedial line being sinuous below the band
and with white points; a submarginal pale zigzag band with black streaks below
middle of the band, and a pure white patch between the band and the apex ; a
marginal blackish lunular line; orbicular and reniform mark large, defined by
yellowish-ochreous scales : hindwing dusky brown, paler towards the base, cilia pale
cinereous-brown. Body violaceous-brown, abdomen paler ; thorax with a broad black
collar ; head, and tip of palpi black ; palpi beneath, and legs yellowish-ochreous ; legs
with blackish speckled bands.
Expanse, (? 1|, ? \\ inch.
Genus DINUMMA.
Dinumma, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. .xv. p. ISOo (1858).
Ortheaga, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 927 (1865).
Forewing elongated, costa slightly arched, apex pointed, exterior margin slightly
oblique, posterior margin convex at the base ; cell extending to half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third
at one-fifth from base of second, and fourth at three-fourths from base of third, fifth
from end of the cell, and very slightly touching third near its base ; discocellular
outwardly recurved, bent close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle median
from close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian recurved :
hindwing slioi't, apex and exterior margin very convex ; cell short, reaching only
one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular bent in the
middle, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower
from close to the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout ; thorax
squamous, abdomen crested ; palpi erect, long, rather slender, squamous, second joint
IIYPOGRA.VMIDJS. 101
much curved, reaching level of the eyes, third joint lanceolate, about half length of
the second; antennas slender, setose; legs rather slender, femora slightly fringed
beneath, tibias slightly pilose, spurs long.
Type, D. placens.
DINUMMA PLACENS (Plate 156, Fio. 11).
Dinumma placens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1806 (18.58).
Forewing purplish violet-brown, with a transverse basal and an antemedial zigzag
black line, and a postmedial irregularly undulated black line, indistinctly bordered by
a slender purplish-white line ; the outer margin traversed by reddish and dark brown
fasciae and with a submarginal row of short bluish-white longitudinally disposed spots,
the third spot from the apex and the lowest being enclosed in a large black spot ; the
broad medial area darker glaucescent violet-brown ; reniform mark small, black :
hindwing pale violet-brown. Body cinereous-brown ; teguliB, and crests violet-black ;
palpi, and legs brown ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse l^^j inch.
Genus GADIRTHA.
Gadirtha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xiii. p. 1102 (18o7).
Male : forewing long, narrow ; costa arched, exterior margin slightly angular in
the middle, very oblique hindward, posterior margin convex towards the base ; cell
extending more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end
of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second, and
fourth at one-half from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and joined to third by
a short spur near its base ; discocellular bent outward below the middle, radials from
upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle below end of the cell,
lower at more than one-third before the end ; submedian much curved from the base :
hindwing short, rather narrow ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
very slender, deeply concave, bent close to lower end, radial from the angle ; middle
median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at more than one-third ; submedian
and internal vein straight. Body stout, abdomen extending beyond hindwings, keeled
above ; palpi long, ascending, second joint laxly squamose, reaching to level of eyes ;
third joint linear, compressed, two-thirds length of second ; antennae stout, serrated ;
legs stout, jDilose, middle and hind tibia3 with stout spurs.
{Type, G. impingens.)
GADIRTHA RECTIFEEA.
Gadirtha rectifera. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 897 (1865), ?.
" Female. Cinereous, mostly whitish beneath : forewings shaded here and there
with pale brown ; a black dot at the base, and a black almost straight slightly oblique
102 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
interior line ; exterior line pale cinereous, much bent outward, with a slight interior
blackish border; submarginal line pale cinereous, denticulated, accompanied by some
reddish marks; marginal lunules brown; reniform mark large, blackish-boi'dered,
irregularly round, containing a blackish streak and a white point : hindwings
cinereous, semi-hyahne, with a very broad brown border, fringe pale cinereous.
Second joint of palpi whitish beneath ; abdomen with brown curved marks on each
side.
"Expanse 11 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E, L. Layard's Collection.
GADIRTHA DECRESCENS.
Gadirtha decrescens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. J>. M. xiii. p. 1104 (1857), J-
"Male. Brown, paler beneath: forewings varied with pale brown; with some
black patches, a pale apical spot which contains some black streaks, and with black
marginal lunules : hindwings with paler cilia3.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Genus SELEPA.
Selepa, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 353 (1858).
Wings small : forewiug elongated, rather broad; costa much arched at the base,
apex not pointed, exterior margin oblique, posterior margin convex at the base; cell
disposed in middle of the wang and extending three-fifths the length ; costal vein at a
wide distance from the margin ; first subcostal emitted at two-sixths before end of the
cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third from very near base of second, fourth at two-thirds
from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and joined to third for a short distance
beyond the base ; discocellnlar outwardly oblique, bent close to each end, radials from
the angles ; middle median from near end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the
end ; submedian recurved : hind-wing short, apex hardly pointed, exterior margin
very oblique, convex ; cell extending half the length ; two subcostals from end of the
cell ; discocellnlar much curved, radial from lower end ; middle median from close to
end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
small, stout, abdomen keeled above ; palpi porrect, laxly covered with hairy scales
which are projected forward ; second joint projected half beyond the head, third joint
about one-third length of second ; antennas stout, slightly setose in male, basal joint
thick, with a short spinous point in front ; front legs fringed beneath, middle and
hind legs smooth, spurs rather long.
(-S'. Celtic.)
nYPOGEAM]\riDyE. 103
SELEPA CELTIS (Plate 158, Fig. o,^).
Sekpa Celtis, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 353, pi. 9a, fij;. 9, pi. K!, fig. 8, Sa (1857).
Suhrita ciirviferella, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1745 (1865).
Male : forewing pale violaceous greyish-cinereous, obliquely clouded with a darker
violaceous-brown tint across the lower exterior border, and the discal and basal
areas ; with a transverse antemedial slender black pale-bordered duplex line, which
is angulated outward and sinuous below the median vein and also waved and curved
slightly outward at the upper end ; a similar postmedial line which is more acutely
angulated inward and sinuous below the median, and curved slightly inward at the
upper end ; the pale outer border of the lines margined by a slight blackish sinuous
fascia, followed by a similar submarginal fascia, and from the postmedial line to the
posterior angle is a slight blackish oblique streak of raised scales ; orbicular mark
composed of a black spot of raised scales and bordered on its inner side by a pale
lunule ; reniform mark of pale-bordered black raised scales and enclosed by a slender
ring ; a slender black marginal line : hindwing cinereous-white, with pale cinereous-
brown outer border. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs above violaceous greyish-
cinereous; abdomen pale cinereous-brown; palpi beneath, and hindlegs cinereous-white.
Female : forewiugs paler, the antemedial duplex line angulated in front of the
orbicular mark, and the postmedial line more curved inward to the costa, its lower
end composed of raised black scales ; there is also a slender black streak above the
lower median and another below it, both of which end at the submarginal sinuous
fascia : hindwing and body paler than in male.
Expanse -f-^ to ~ inch.
Vaeiety. Female (Plate 158, fig. 4) : forewing with similar transverse markings,
between which is a lonnfitudinal medial black fascia.
SELEPA STRIGIFERA (Plate 158, Fig. 3, 3a, larva).
Forewing jjale violaceous greyish-cinereous, more or less longitudinally clouded
with darker violaceous-brown between the veins ; crossed by an outwardly oblique
angulated pale-bordered black antemedial line, and a similar postmedial line which is
widely and evenly curved outward from above the median vein to the costa ; followed
by a prominent black sinuous submarginal fascia; orbicular and reniform mark
composed of grey-bordered black raised scales ; the lower end of the transverse lines
and fascia also composed of raised scales in the female ; a slender black streak above
the lower median vein and another beneath it, the latter extending to base of the
wing ; the costal, subcostal, and median veins also slightly lined with black : hindwing
cinereous-white, with pale cinereous-brown outer border. Thorax, head, palpi, and
104 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
forelegs above violaceous greyish-ochreous ; abdomen, and Lindlegs pale cinereous-
brown.
Ex^Danse, S f , ? 1 inch.
Larva with 16 legs, narrow; pale brownish-ochreous, with a dorsal erect series
of slender black hairs, those on the anterior and posterior segments longest and
spatnlar at the tip ; a lateral series of short decumbent white hairs ; a subdorsal
black-spotted green streak extending from 6th to 10th segment, and a dorsal black
spot at base of hairs on 3rd to 6th, 10th, and last segment. Pupa olivaceous
brownish-ochreous.
Genus SYMITHA.
Si/mitha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1731 (1866).
Sarrothripa, Felder et Rogeu. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 106, fig. 16 (1874).
Wings small : forewiug elongated, narrow, elliptic ; cell extending nearly three-
fifths the length, disposed along middle of the wing ; first subcostal emitted at nearly
one-half before end of the cell, second at one-tenth, trifid, third at one-third from
base of second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third ; fifth from end of the
cell and joined to third by a short spur close to its base ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, bent close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle
below end of cell, lower at about one-third ; subraedian much recurved : hindwing
rather narrow ; exterior margin very oblique ; cell extending to half the length; first
subcostal emitted before end of the cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from
below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ;
submedian and internal straight. Body moderately stout; head with a slight pro-
jecting tuft in front; palpi porrect, very long, laxly squamose, second joint slightly
dilated at tip, extending half beyond the eyes, third joint as long as second, flattened,
fusiform; fore tibias laxly pilose beneath; middle and hind spurs long; antennse
setose, basal joint thick.
SYMITHA INDICA (Plate 158, Fig. 6).
Sarrothripa indica, Felder et Rogen. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 106, fig. 16 (1874).
Cinereous-brown, clouded indistinctly with darker brown below the apex and on
middle of the costa ; crossed by an indistinct outwardly-oblique subbasal line, an
antemedial cinereous-bordered blackish sinuous line, and an inwardly oblique
postmedial line ; followed hj a submarginal row of points, which increase in size
])Osteriorly, the lowest point being the largest and most distinct ; a marginal row of
slender black points ; orbicular and reniform marks indistinct, the intervening space
with a dark brown speckled streak : hindwing pale brownish-cinereous, whitish at
the base. Body and legs above cinereous-brown.
Expanse fo inch.
IIYPOGRAMMID^. 105
Genus CLETTHARA.
Clctthara, Wulkci-, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxvii. p. 101 (1863).
Male. Wings small : forewing rather short, and broad ; costa much arched
from the base, exterior margin slightly oblique, posterior margin conv^ex towards the
base ; cell extending beyond half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before
end of the cell, second from end of the cell, quadrifid ; discocellular obliquely concave,
bent close to upper end, radials from the angle and close to lower end ; middle median
fi'om near end of the cell, lower at about one-fourth ; submedian much curved :
hindwino triangular; in the male the costa is distorted, it being convex at the base,
folded upward and fringed with long hairs to the middle ; apex almost pointed,
exterior maro-in very oblique ; cilia long ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; disco-
cellular inwardly oblique ; radial and two upper medians on a footstalk beyond end
of the cell, lower median at about one-third before the end ; submedian and internal
vein much curved. Body stout, thorax very robust ; palpi suberect, smooth, second
joint reaching to middle of the eyes, third joint linear, longer than second ; antennte
rather stout, slightly pubescent towards the base in the male, basal joint thick ;
foreleo-s thick, fore tibia3 thickly clothed, fore tarsi short and thick; middle tibijB
slightly pilose ; hindlegs long, smooth ; spurs long.
Type, C. velata.
CLETTHAEA BASALIS (Plate 158, Fig. 7).
Forewing pale violaceous ochreous-brown ; crossed by a medial angulated erect
white-bordered black line, and a postmedial elbowed similar line, the intermediate
area darker at the upper end and almost black at the posterior end ; reniform spot
minute, black ; the sub marginal area longitudinally streaked with black in the
middle and with, a whitish spot ; marginal dots black ; a black costal patch at base
of the wing : hindwing pale cinereous at the base, brown externally ; cilia edged with
cinereous-white. Body and legs above pale violaceous ochreous-brown.
Expanse ttj inch.
Genus PLOTHEIA.
Plotheia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1108 (1857).
Egelcsta, Walker, id. xv. p. 1747 (1858).
Galleriomorpha, FeKler, Wien. Eut. Mouats. vi. p. 37 (1862).
Othora, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. iM. xxxiii. p. 902 (1865).
Forewing elongated, rather narrow, costa arched, apex acute, exterior margin
convex, very slightly oblique, posterior margin convex at the base ; cell long, narrow,
extending to about three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before
end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second, and
fourth at one-half from base of third ; fifth curved upward from end of the cell, and
VOL. lU. I"
,06 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
joined to third by a short spur near its base; discocellular slender, outwardly
obhque, radials from upper and near lower end ; middle median from angle near end
of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian shghtly curved : hindwing short, small,
apex convex; first subcostal from an angle immediately before end of the cell;
discocellular deeply concave, slender, radial from close to lower end ; middle median
from ano-le near end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body moderately stout, abdomen fusiform, keeled above, flat beneath, base
and thorax slightly crested, and with a slight anal tuft in male, pointed in female ;
palpi porrect, laxly squamose, scales long above second joint and partly covering
third joint ; second joint projecting half beyond the head, third joint linear, nearly
as long as second ; antenna3 of male setulose, furnished with long set^ towards the
base, setose in female ; legs stout, forelegs densely pilose, middle and hindlegs laxly
squamose, spurs long.
Tijpe, P. frontalis.
PLOTHEIA FRONTALIS (Plate 157, Fig. 6, ? ),
Plotheia frontalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1109 (1857), ?.
Othora canescens. Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 904 (1865), ? .
Female : forewing pale brownish-ochreous ; crossed, by apparently five, inner
indistinct blackish sinuous Hues, and a curved discal denticulated Hue, followed by a
less apparent submarginal line ; orbicular and reniform spots composed of black
raised scales, the latter with an indistinct outer ring : hindwing pale ochreous-brown.
Body pale brownish-ochreous; abdomen with indistinct brown segmental dorsal
rings ; legs ochreous, with pale brown bands.
Expanse Ijo inch.
PLOTHEIA LATIVITTA (Plate 157, Fig. 11, ?).
Female : forewing very pale brownish-ochreous, with a broad purplish violet-
brown anterior band extending from the costa near the base, below the cell, and
thence to the exterior margin below the apex, leaving a slender pale costal space near
the apex, the wing also indistinctly crossed by the ordinary sinuous blackish lines ;
the orbicular and reniform spots of raised black scales : hindwing pale ochreous-
brown ; cilise ochreous- white. Body very pale brownish-ochreous ; abdomen with
indistinct brown segmental rings ; forelegs brown above.
Expanse It^j- inch.
PLOTHEIA SPURCATA (Plate 157, Fig. 5, <?, 7, ? ).
Gadirtha spiircata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 896 (1865), $.
Othora lata, Walker, id. p. 909, ? .
Male : forewing dusky greyish-brown, crossed by eight black sinuous lines, the
IIYPOGRAMMID^. 107
five inner lines oblique, the middle and discal lines much curved and irregular ; the
lines bordered by brownisli-oclireous from their costal end ; a pale-bordered sinuous
submarginal line, and a marginal white-pointed black lunular line ; a small orbicular
and reniform spot of black raised scales, the latter enclosed by a slender black oblique
outer ring : hindwing and abdomen dusky cinereous-brown, the latter with two dorsal
oval black rings on each segment ; anal tuft cinereous ; cilia edged with pale
cinereous-brown. Thorax and head dusky greyish-brown, thorax white beneath ;
palpi blackish above, white beneath ; legs brown above, with blackish bands, white
beneath.
Female : forewing pale brownish-ochreous, the markings as in male : hindwing
and body paler.
Expanse, S 1^, 9 1^ inch.
Variety (Plate 157, fig. 12). Female : forewing pale brownish-ochreous, the
transverse lines rather indistinct ; an angular blackish fascia extending from the
costa near the base to exterior margin below the apex.
PLOTHEIA GUTTULOSANA (Plate 158, Fig. 1,(J).
Gadirtha guttulosana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 897 (1865), (^.
Othora onusta, Walker, id. p. 905, (J .
Othora signata. Walker, id. p. 906, (^.
Male and female : forewing olivaceous brownish-ochreous, sparsely speckled with
minute black scales; crossed by three pale-bordered black basal broad diffused
sinuous lines, two slender antemedial denticulated lines, two less distinct recurved
medial lines, followed by a submarginal broad sinuous line, and a slender marginal
lunular line ; the inner discal line with broad black macular points, the inner medial
line accompanied by two black spots below the cell ; a distinct small black orbicular
and reniform spot, the latter enclosed by a slender black oval ring : hindwing brown,
palest at the base; cilia edged with cinereous- white. Body olivaceous brownish-
ochreous ; abdomen with two dorsal rows of black oval rings ; palpi and legs with
brown bands.
Expanse, ^ 1, ? Ito inch.
PLOTHEIA BASIFASCIA (Plate 157, Fig. 8, ^ ).
Othora basifasda. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 911 (1865),? .
Male and female : forewing pale cinereous-brown, slightly speckled with minute
jlack scales on the anterior and posterior border, a broad brownish oblique subbasal
band crossed by blackish sinuous lines, the two outer lines approximate and most
distinct, a black line also obliquely crossing the band along the submedian vein ; an
p 2
108 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
indistinct medial sinuous fascia, two discal much outwardly-curved slender black
denticulated approximate lines, the outer line indistinct, followed by a submarginal
sinuous white-pointed line, and a slight brown marginal line with a white point on
each vein ; apex and posterior angle clouded with brown and sHghtly black streaked;
orbicular spot small, composed of raised black scales tipt with white, reuiform mark
large, defined by a slender black irregular shaped ring and a central spot of black
raised scales : hindwing dusky cinereous-brown ; ciha whitish-cinereous. Body
cinereous-brown ; teguljB cinereous tipt with black ; abdomen dusky cinereous at the
sides, eacli segment with two dorsal oval black rings ; palpi black speckled ; tibiie
and tarsi with black l^ands.
Expanse \^ inch.
Vaeiety. Male (Plate 157, fig. 10) : forewing ferruginous-brown, with short
black sinuous streaks from the costa, and an antemedial oblique transverse nearly
straight line, the black orbicular and reniform spots both of same size, the former
confluent with the transverse line ; apex and posterior angle clouded and black
streaked. Expanse liij- inch.
PLOTHEIA LICHENOIDES (Plate 157, Fig. 9,^?).
Galleriomorpha lichenoides, Felder, Wiea. Ent. Monats. vi. p. 37 (1862) ; No7. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 100,
fi^. 1.5 (1874), S ; Neituer, Observ. on Enemies of the Coff>3e Tree iu Ceylon, p. 23.
Male : forewing dusky violaceous greyish-brown, crossed by a subbasal pale
hrownish-ochreous band, which is bordered outwardly by a distinct white waved line;
a prominent white curved discal Hue, followed by a submarginal indistinct ferruginous
sinuous line ; the lower subcostal vein and upper radial, and the submedian also lined
with white ; base of wing and medial area crossed by very indistinct sinuous blackish
lines ; a small orbicular and reniform spot of black raised scales : hindwing dusky
brown ; cilia cinereous-brown. Body dusky violaceous greyish-brown ; thorax
densely speckled with white scales ; abdominal rings indistinct ; legs with dark brown
l)ands.
Expanse ly-jr inch.
According to the observations of Mr. Nietner the larva of this species is occa-
sionally found feeding upon the Coffee-tree.
PLOTHEIA GRISEOVIRENS (Plate 158, Fig. 2, ? ).
Female : forewing pale sap-brown, crossed by greyish-white bordered indistinct
blackish sinuous inner and outer lines, and prominent diffused black recurved discal
lines, the latter with a prominent black streak above the lower end ; a ferruginous
submarginal sinuous line ; the medial area between the discal and inner lines greyish-
HYPOGRAMMIDyE. 109
white, enclosing a small black orbicular spot and clouded reniform mark : liindwing
brown, palest at the base; cilia edged with cinereous-white. Thorax, head, pal|)i,
and legs above sap-brown, speckled with grey ; abdomen cinereous-brown, with black
dorsal segmental rings ; legs with dark bauds.
Expanse l-rn inch.
PLOTHEIA VELATA.
Othora velata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 902 (1865), cJ.
" Male. Dark ferruginous-brown : forewings with six black zigzag lines ; first,
second, and third lines antemedial, the other three bent beyond the renifoi-m mark ;
three large cinereous patclies ; first patch costal, extending to the tip, second on the
interior border, larger than the third, which is on the interior angle ; orbicular and
reniform distinguished by two black dots, the latter enclosed in a large black ringlet ;
marginal points black: hindwings ^neous-brown. Body whitish beneath. Head
whitish in front ; palpi whitish towards the base, thorax with two very short cinereous
stripes ; legs whitish, tibiae and tarsi blackish above.
" Expanse 16 lines."
PLOTHEIA CINERASCENS.
Othora cinei-ascens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 903 (1865), ?.
" Female. Cinereous : forewings with some indistinct brown zigzag lines ; two
blackish denticulated lines on the inner side of the orbicular mark ; a blackish much
outward curved line at half distance between the reniform and exterior border;
submarginal line pale cinereous, zigzag, incompletely bordered with ferruginous;
marginal lunules blackish ; a brown spot on the end of interior border ; orbicular and
reniform distinguished by two black dots of obliquely elevated scales, the latter
enclosed in a large irregular blackish ringlet ; hindwings with a brownish marginal
band. Body beneath white ; palpi with a blackish stripe at the base, and with a tuft
at the tip above ; thorax with a blackish stripe ; fore tegute with a blackish oblique
streak on each side ; legs beneath, and femora white.
" Expanse 18 lines."
PLOTHEIA ALBOTECTA.
Othora albotecta. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 903 (1865), ?.
" Female. Cinereous-brown : forewings white ; base, one-third of the length of
the costa, and a large apical patch cinereous-brown, with the usual darker lines ;
marginal lunules black in the patch : hindwings cinereous, with a broad brownish
border. Body white beneath : pale white beneath, with a black stripe on the base,
and with a long porrect tuft above the tip; legs white, tibi^ and tarsi above cinereous,
with brown bands.
" Expanse 18 lines."
no THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
PLOTHEIA PLAGIATA.
Othora plagiata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 907 (1865), 5.
" Male. Blackish : forewings glaucous-tinged ; with some transverse black
zigzag lines, and with three whitish patches ; first patch small, elongated, very near
the base, second large, extending to the costa, including the reuiform, accompanied
by three whitish streaks near its hind border ; third small, narrow, extending to
exterior border ; the line beyond second patch much curved outward ; a blackish-
cinei'eous apical spot, containing some little white streaks ; submarginal and marginal
points white ; reniform mark blackish, small, enclosed in a blackish ringlet : hindwings
dark cinereous. Body and palpi white beneath ; palpi with a black stripe on the side,
tufted at tip ; legs white beneath.
" Expanse 18 lines."
PLOTHEIA CONCISA.
Othora concisa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 910 (1865), $ .
" Female. Cinereous fawn colour : forewings with three brown indistinct post-
medial lines which are much bent outward ; submarginal line cinereous, zigzag ;
marginal lunules brown, with a white oblique band near the base, bordered with deep
black on the outer side ; orbicular and reniform marks represented by brown dots, of
which the scales are obhquely ascending, the latter enclosed in a large irregular brown
ringlet : hindwings cinereous. Palpi white beneath, deep black on the side towards
the base.
" Expanse 18 lines."
PLOTHEIA IMPRIMENS.
Othoi-a imprimens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 911 (1865), ^J.
" Male. Dark brown : forewings with a broad black stripe which extends along
the interior border and is broadest at the base, where it occupies nearly the whole
breadth, this stripe contains two white lines and two white patches ; a white apical
patch ; some diffuse indistinct blackish lines and two distinct concise black lines,
between which there is a large irregular black ringlet, which contains a little black
line : hindwings cinereous-brown. Body and legs whitish beneath ; palpi whitish
beneath ; abdomen cinereous-brown, black speckled, with a black stripe which extends
along nearly half the length from the base, hind borders of the segments whitish.
" Expanse 15 lines."
PLOTHEIA SUBGLAUCA.
Othora subglauca. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 905 (1865), J.
" Male. Dark brown : forewings with transverse black denticulated lines ; more
than half the exterior surface interruptedly greenish-cinereous ; a double outward
curved blackish line beyond the reniform mark ; submarginal and marginal points
HYPOGRAMMID^. Ill
white ; some short white streaks near the tip of the costa ; orbicular and reniform
mark composed of blackish elevated scales, the latter enclosed in a double brown
ringlet : hindwings cinereous, brown towards the exterior border. Body and palpi
white beneath, palpi with a black stripe extending to near the tip ; legs white beneath ;
femora entirely white.
" Expanse 18 lines."
PLOTHEIA ALBIVITTA.
Othora albivitta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 908 (1865),?,
" Female. Cinereous-brown : forewings with some blackish zigzag lines, most
of these are interrupted by a broad irregular white stripe, which extends from the
base to full three-fourths of the length, where it is contiguous to a double angular
blackish-brown line ; submarginal line cinereous, zigzag, bordered with ferruginous
on the inner side ; marginal lunules blackish ; orbicular and reniform mark black, the
latter enclosed in a large irregular blackish ringlet : hindwings cinereous, with a
broad brownish border. Palpi whitish beneath, striped with black on the side.
" Expanse 18 lines."
PLOTHEIA ORBICULARIS.
Diomea orbicularis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xv. p. 1804 (1856), ?.
" Female. Blackish-brown ; brownish-cinereous beneath : forewings irregularly
varied with ochraceous speckles ; exterior part mostly whitish ; lines deep black,
undulating, not distinct ; reniform mark small, deep black. Palpi cinereous, with
blackish bands : hindwings brown ; abdomen brown, with two blackish crests towards
the base ; tarsi with black bands.
" Expanse 10 lines."
PLOTHEIA CHLOROMELLA.
Diomea cMoromella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1804 (1858), ?.
" Female. Green ; brownish-cinereous beneath : forewings with three very
diffuse black bands ; the third includiug the green denticulated and undulating
submarginal line ; interior and exterior lines white, undulating, most remote from
each other in the middle ; orl^icular and reniform marks deep black, the former as a
dot, the latter rather larger ; fringe blackish : hindwings brown. Thorax with two
black bands ; abdomen brown ; fore tarsi and middle tibiae with black bands.
" Expanse 10 lines."
PLOTHEIA RUDIVITTA.
Egelesta rudivitta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1748 (1858), ?.
" Female. Pale wood colour : forewings with the disc mostly ferruginous-brown ;
lines brown, denticulated, partly black, very incomplete ; a black band near the base,
emitting a black discal stripe, which extends nearly to the middle of the exterior
112 THE LEPinOPTERA OF CEYLON.
border ; marginal lunules dark brown ; orbicular and reniform marks hardly visible :
hindwings cinereous-brown. Thorax speckled with dark browu.
" Expanse 12 lines."
Family CATEPHIIDJE.
Imago of moderate size, rarely large : hindwings generally less squamose or
semi-hyaline at the base. Thorax much crested, abdomen slightly crested ; frontal
tuft prominent; antennte long.
Genus ARGTE.
Arete, Kollar, Hiigel's, Kaschmir,iv. p. 477 (1844).
Cocytodes, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 41 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1122.
Wings rather broad, very robust : forewing elongated, almost straight along the
costa, angular at the apex, exterior margin oblique, scalloped, posterior margin
convex towards the l)ase ; cell extending two-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted
at more than one-half before end of tlie cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third at
one-third from l)ase of second, and fourth at one-third from base of third, fifth from
end of the cell, curved upward and joined by a short spur to the third close to its
base ; discocellular bent acutely inward in the middle, radials from upper end and
close to lower end ; middle median from angle near end of the cell, lower at one-half
before the end ; submedian slightly curved from tlie base : hindwing short, broad,
apex almost angular, exterior margin very oblique, scalloped, slightly angular at end
of lower median and submedian veins ; cell short, extending to one-third the length ;
two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular slightly concave, almost bent in the
middle, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower
at one-fifth before the end ; submedian and internal vein recurved. Body large,
broad, depressed, thorax densely clothed with adpressed woolly scales, abdomen
woolly, in the male the sixth segment with a small dorsal black nude scabrous horny
plate ; palpi stout, coarsely squamose, ascending to level of the eyes, third joint short,
thick, conical ; antennas stout, simple ; legs stout, densely clothed, all the tibias and
tarsi with strong lateral spines, middle and hind tibiae with long stout spurs.
{Type, A. polygrapha.)
AECTE CSRULEA.
Coeytodes cwnilea, Giienee, Noct. iii. p. 41, pi. 13, fig. 10 (1852).
Forewing purplish ferruginous-brown, very sparsely speckled with minute blue-
grey scales ; crossed by an outwardly-oblique black basal and a subbasal waved line,
and an inwardly-oblique angular discal pale-bordered sinuous line ; between the basal
and subbasal lines is a confluent broad blackish waved fascia, a paler waved fascia
CATEPHIIDyE. 113
also crossing tbe middle area which is also longitudinally clouded with blackish-brown ;
beyond the discal line is a broad angular blackish fascia, and a shorter marginal fascia,
the two fascia3 divided by a pale lunular line ; a mai^ginal row of black dentate luuules ;
orbicular spot black, punctiform, reniform mark pale ferruginous, and black streaked :
hindwing purplish blackish-brown, somewhat ashy-grey brown towards the base, with
a large pale blue discocellular spot and a small contiguous spot near abdominal margin,
a similar coloured broad recurved discal band, and a narrow subanal marginal band.
Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above reddish-ferruginous ; abdomen ashy-grey brown
above; thorax and base of abdomen beneath whitish ; tarsi blackish with pale ferru-
ginous bands.
Expanse, $ 2|, ? 3|- inches.
ARCTE TAPEOBANA (Plate 160, Fig. 1).
Forewing dark olivaceous asnescent-brown ; crossed by outwardly-oblique basal
and subbasal ferruginous-bordered black sinuous partly confluent bands, with a black
costal dot between the first and second ; an outwardly curved discal lunular black
line, followed by a contiguous less distinct lunular fascia and a broad shorter
marginal fascia, the latter traversed by a row of cupreous-red dentate spots ; a
prominent marginal row of black oval spots bordered by cupreous-red ; within the
middle area and contiguous to the discal line is a parallel ferruginous-brown lunular
fascia ; a small black punctiform orbicular spot, and a short broad black-streaked
reniform mark : hindwing senescent -black, ashy greyish-brown towards the base ;
traversed by three interrupted anal series of small greyish-blue dentate spots ; cilia
towards the apex tipt with white. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above dark
ferruginous-brown; palpi beneath, pectus, and legs beneath ferruginous-yellow;
tarsi black with pale bands ; abdomen above ashy greyish-brown, tip pale ferruginous ;
abdomen beneath blackish \\ith whitish segmental spots.
Expanse 2|- inches.
Genus CATEPHIA.
Catephia, Ocbsenlieimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 94 (1816); Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sdimett. j). 260;
Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 43 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1124.
Wings moderately broad ; forewing elongated, costa straight, rounded at the
apex, exterior margin slightly oblique and convex, scalloped ; cell long, narrow,
extending three-fifths the length; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the
cell, second at one-fifth before the end, trifid, third at one-eighth from base of second,
and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell, slightly
touching the third near its base ; discocellular bent inward in the middle, radials from
upper and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower
at one-third ; submedian curved from the base : hindwing short, apex very convex,
VOL. III. Q
114 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
exterior margin oblique, scalloped ; cell extending two-fiftlis the length ; two sub-
costals from end of the cell ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from near lower
end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fifth ; submedian and
internal vein slightly recurved. Body stout, abdomen crested; palpi ascending,
rather long, naiTow, laxly squamose, second joint reaching above the eyes, third joint
linear, obtuse at the tip, two-thirds the length of second ; antennse very minutely
pectinated; legs stout, pilose, spurs stout. Ttj}_ie, C. alchymista.
CATEPHIA LINTEOLA (Plate 159, Fig. 1, §).
CatepJiia Unteola, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 44 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1126 (1857).
Male : forewing dark ferruginous-brown ; crossed by a black basal, subbasal, and
a medial erect duplex zigzag line, a more distinct recurved discal sinuous line, a pale
submarginal sinuous fascia, and a distinct marginal line ; a black orbicular dot and
reniform spot, the latter enclosed by a black ring ; a black ring-mark also below the
reniform ; the transverse area between the discal and subbasal lines and also of the
lower outer border suffused with dusky brown : hindwing dusky brown, with a broad
white ti-ansverse medial band ending above anal angle ; a small white costal spot,
and a slender subanal streak ; cilia bordering the apical spot white. Thoi'ax, head,
palpi, and legs dark ferruginous-brown, abdomen dusky brown. Female : forewing
with the transverse area between the subbasal and discal lines, and the lower posterior
border, blackish ; the basal and apical area also with dai'ker fascia between the lines :
hindwing darker than in male. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs blackish, grey speckled ;
abdomen also darker, with blackish basal crests.
Expanse 25- inches.
Genus MELIPOTIS.
Melipotis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 260 (1818-25).
Ercheia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1107 (1857).
Male : forewing elongated, rather broad, costa arched at the end, angular at the
apex, exterior margin very oblique, convex, scalloped, posterior margin convex in the
middle ; cell extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before
end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, the third at one-sixth from base of the
second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell, and
slightly touching third near its base ; discocellular inwardly oblique, concave, bent
close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from close to end of the
cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end; submedian deeply curved from the
base: hindwing short, broad, apex and exterior margin convex, scalloped; cell
extending to two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
outwartUy oblique, concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from extended
CATEPIIUD/E. 115
end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body stout, abdomen crested at the base; palpi ascending, rather slender,
second joint reaching to level of the eyes, laxly squaraose, third joint long, slender,
linear, compressed, three-fourths length of the second ; antennae simple ; legs
moderately slender, femora pilose beneath, tibife laxly clothed, middle and hind tibia3
with long spurs.
Tyi^e, M. Cyllaria.
MELIPOTIS CYLLARIA (Plate 157, Fig. 3).
Phalana Noctua Cyllaria, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pi. 2.51, fig. c, d (1782), 5.
Melipotis Cyllaria, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 260 (1818-25).
AchcBa Cyllaria, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 249 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xiv. p. 1397.
Male and female : forewing ferruginous-brown, sparsely speckled with minute
black scales ; with a more or less distinct transverse outwardly-oblique basal and an
antemedial black zigzag line, and two discal very convex contiguous lines, the latter
sinuous at their lower ends, followed by a pale-bordered submarginal lunular line ; a
black streak between the outer veins, the streak most distinct below the apex ; an
indistinct small black orbicular spot and a paler lined reniform mark ; some black
streaks on the disc, a more or less indistinct violet-brown streak bordering the
antemedial line, an angular fascia across the middle, and a costal patch before the
apex : hindwing blackish-brown, with three lower discal white spots, and a cinereous-
white costal spot, also a very narrow short subapical white band, the cilia opposite
the baud and from anal angle also white. Body dark ferruginous-brown ; tegulse
black streaked ; palpi and tarsi with blackish bands.
Expanse, $ If, ? 1| inch.
MELIPOTIS CYLLOTA (Pl.\te 157, Fig. 2, q ).
Achaia Cyllota, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 248 (1852).
Achwa signivitta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1398 (1858).
Male and female. Pale violaceous ochreous-brown ; with an obsolescent trans-
verse zigzag duplex line, and a curved discal sinuous duplex line, followed by a pale
ochreous sinuous submarginal line; a black punctiform orbicular spot, and an ill-
defined brown-lined reniform mark, the latter sometimes being entirely black; a
broad lilack interrupted streak from the apex, and a prominent longitudinal blackish-
streaked fascia from base of the wing to posterior margin : hindwing blackish-brown,
with three lower discal white spots, a narrow white subapical band, the cilia opposite
the band and from the anal angle white. Body violaceous ochreous-brown ; palpi
and tarsi with dark brown bands.
Expanse, S If, 2 2|- inches.
Q 2
116 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
MELIPOTIS DIVERSIPENNIS (Plate 157, Fig. 1).
Ercheia divcrsipennis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 1108 (1857),?.
Melipotis ambidens, Felder et Rogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 116, fig. 9 (1874).
Male and female: forewing pale violaceous ochreous-brown, sliglitly darker
clouded from middle of the costa and at the apex ; the veins very slenderly black
lined, and with a slender black streak between the outer veins, the latter streaks
beino- most prominent between the subcostal branches, lower medians and submedian,
the s°ubmedian streak extending to base of the wing, and the two last being bordered
by a lower parallel broader streak, a similar broad streak also extending below the
submedian ; across the disc are some faint traces of black zigzag Hues, which are
bent inward to the costa from the lower radial, and are most conspicuous at their
posterior end ; marginal row of black dots minute : hindwing blackish-brown,
cinereous-brown at the base ; with a dark inner bordered augulated discal transverse
whitish band, a narrow short white subapical marginal band, and another near the
anal angle, the latter with a round contiguous upper spot, the bordering cilia of both
being also white. Body violaceous ochreous-brown ; collar, tegula;, and abdominal
crests black streaked ; palpi with black bands, fore tibiae with slight black bands.
Expanse If to 1| i^ch.
MELIPOTIS FUSIFERA.
Achcpa fmifera. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1398 (1858).
Male and female : forewing ferruginous-brown, with a broad violet-black anterior
band, curving fi^om base of the costa across the disc and upward to the apex ; base
of the band crossed by black sinuous hues, and the apex traversed by black streaks ;
a pale-bordered punctiform orbicular spot, and indistinct reniform mark ; exterior
border with some black speckles and a submarginal pale waved lunular line, posterior
border also black speckled and with sinuous streaks near the angle : hindwing
blackish-brown, with three lower discal white spots; subapical and anal narrow
interciliary band and cilia white. Body dark ferruginous-brown, palpi and legs
with blackish bands.
Expanse, S 1^'-, 2 2 inches.
MELIPOTIS PANNOSA (Plate 157, Fig. 4, $ ).
Ercheia pannosa, Moore, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 24.
Male and female : forewing pale violaceous ochreous-brown ; with a violet-black
costal basal triangular patch, and an irregular pale-bordered apical patch, a medial
transverse obsolescent slender brown sinuous fascia and a curved discal sinuous line,
followed by a whitish submarginal line ; orbicular spot punctiform, black ; reniform
mark ochreous-grey and brown lined ; below the latter are some irregular brown
CATEFIIIIDyE. 117
streaks : liindwing blackish violet-brown, with three white lower discal spots, sub-
apical band and adjoining cilite, and the cilias fi'om anal angle. Body violaceous
ochreous-brown ; palpi, and tarsi with blackish bands.
Expanse 1| to 2 inches.
Genus ANOPHIA.
AnoxiMa, Guenee, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x. p. 81 (1841) ; Noct. iii. p. 45 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lnp.
Het. B. M. xlii. p. 1126 (1857).
Catephia (part), Ochsenheimer ; Boisduval ; Duponchel.
^dia (part), Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 260 (1818-25).
Male : forewing elongated, costa almost straight, rounded at the apex, exterior
margin oblique, slightly scalloped, posterior margin much recurved, very convex and
fringed near the base, cilia extending beyond the posterior angle ; cell extending to
more than half the length; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell,
second at one-sixth, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second, and fourth at one-
third from base of third, fifth from end of the cell, curved upward and joined to the
third for a short distance near its base ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave,
radials from upper end and near lower end : middle median from angle at end of the
cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian very slightly recurved : hindwing
short, broad, apex and exterior margin convex, slightly scalloped; cell extending
nearly half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular slender,
obliquely concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the
cell, lower at one-fifth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
moderately stout ; thorax and base of abdomen slightly crested, abdomen tufted at
apes ; palpi ascending, reaching to level of the vertex ; second joint narrow, laxly
squamose beneath, third joint lanceolate, half length of the second ; antennte minutely
pectinated; legs stout, femora slightly fringed beneath, tibias clothed with strong
hairy scales.
{Type, A. leucomelas).
ANOPHIA OLIVESCENS.
Anophia olivcscens, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 48, pi. 14, &g. 11 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xlii.
p. 1128 (1857).
Forewing olivaceous greyish-black ; crossed by two subbasal and two antemedial
greyish-bordered black sinuous outwardly-oblique hues, and two discal inwardly
oblique more acutely sinuous lines, the outward line of each being the most dis-
tinct ; beyond is an outer discal broader line, a more distinct submarginal denticulated
line, and a marginal lunular line ; orbicular mark composed of a black ring, and
reniform of a black ring with purplish-white centre, the reniform encompassed in a
118 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
large more or less prominent purplisli--wliite brown-speckled triangular costal patch ;
below the orbicular is also a black ringlet mark : hindwing white, with a broad blackish
outer band bordered by a narrow white subapical and subanal spot ; the ciha border-
ing the spots being also white. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs olivaceous greyish-
black; abdomen cinereous-brown, dorsal tufts blackish in male, ferruginous in
female ; anal tuft blackish ; tarsi with black and pale bands.
Expanse lA to Itu inch,
ANOPHIA DIPHTEEOIBES (Plate 159, Fig. 6,9).
Male and female : forewing dull olive-grey ; crossed by two basal sinuous incom-
plete black Hues, an entire antemedial line, two discal and a submarginal denticulated
line, followed by a marginal dentated lunular line ; an oval black orbicular ringlet
mark, and an irregular- shaped reniform mark, the reniform mark being continued
upward to the costa, and the orbicular joined beneath to a larger black ring mark :
from the lower riuglet a short blackish streak extends to the discal line; all the
markings edged with white speckles, and the costal end of the markings dilated and
almost confluent ; cilia alternated with greyish-black and white : hindwing with white
basal medial area; the costal border and broad outer band black; ciha below the
apex, before anal angle, and on abdominal margin also white. Thorax, head, and
palpi olivaceous greyish- white ; collar and teguliB black streaked ; palpi with black
bands ; legs with black bands, abdomen greyish-brown, tip blackish.
Expanse lyV to IfV inch.
Genus MOSARA.
Mosara, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het, B. M. v. p. 1032 (1855).
Male : forewing rather short and broad ; costa slightly arched at the base, apex
not acute, exterior margin shghtly obhque, very convex hindward and at the angle,
posterior margin very convex at the base ; cell extending to half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid,
third at one-fifth from base of the second and fourth at one-third from base of the
third, fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching the third near its base ; disco-
cellular concave, radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median from
angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian much recurved : hind-
wing short, rounded externally, distorted, folded longitudinally in a recurved line
from the Ijase to exterior margin ; the costa beneath with a subbasal tuft of raised
scales, and with a band of raised scales extending from middle of the costa obliquely
across the disc to exterior margin above the fold ; cell extending to one-third the
length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, outwardly
oblique, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower
CATEPIIIIDyE. 119
at one-tliird ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; palpi
stout, ascending, coarsely squamose, second joint reaching level o£ the eyes, third
joint one-third its length, elongate-conical ; antennfe broadly bipectinatcd to near the
tip ; legs rather stout, pilose, spurs long. Female. Wing of normal shape ; veins
as in male ; antennjB setose.
MOSARA APICALIS (Plate 159, Fig. 3, 3a, c? ?).
Mosara apicalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. v. p. 1032 (185.5), J*.
Anopliia lateralis, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 917 (1865), $.
Male : forewiug violet greyish-brown, crossed by an indistinct subbasal and an
antemedial outwardly-oblique undulated blackish line, two inwardly-oblique discal
sinuous lines, followed by a contiguous prominent angular purplish-grey line, and a
similar but more irregular line, the two last lines having intervening black spots at
the costal end and in the middle ; orbicular and reniform marks very indistinct ; a
short black longitudinal streak above base of submedian ; the area immediately
bordei'ing the discal pale line, and also that of the antemedial line below the cell, is
of a darker shade : hindwiug pale violaceous cinereous-brown, and whitish-cinereous
towards the lower base. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs violet-brown ; tarsi with
black bands ; abdomen violaceous cinereous-brown. Female : forewing of the same
colour and markings as in male, the fascia bordering the antemedial line below the
cell, and of the discal line being more prominently defined : hindwing violaceous
cinereous-brown, with the lower basal area cinereous-white.
Expanse, c? Iro, ? Ithj inch.
Genus VAPARA.
ra2)ara, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 163 (1882).
Forewing comparatively broad, exterior margin even, posterior margin convex
in the middle ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second
bifid, emitted at one-fifth ; fourth also bifid, emitted from end of the cell, curving
upward and touching third near its base, the fifth being thrown off above end of the
cell and just below the point of juncture ; discocellular shghtly oblique and convex,
upper radial from end of the cell in a line with subcostal, lower radial and upper
median from slight angles above end of the cell, middle median close to its end,
lower at one-third before the end; submedian slightly curved: hindwing short,
broad; costal vein straight; two subcostals from end of the cell; discocellular
slightly oblique and convex, radial from near its lower end ; two upper medians from
end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein
nearly straight. Body moderate, abdomen of male extending beyond hindwing, anal
120 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
appendages tufted ; tibifB compactly pilose ; palpi porrect, laxly squamose, stouter
and shorter than in Eryrjia ; antennse minutely pectinate in male. Allied to Erygia.
Tyj)e, V. fasciata.
VAPARA INDISTINCTA (Plate 159, Fig. 7, 5).
VujKira iiulistincta, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 163 (1882).
Forewing brownish-ochreous, with two indistinct transverse basal, two medial,
and two discal slender dusky brown sinuose-lunular bands, and a marginal row of
points; a dusky brown orbicular dot and pale centred reniform mark of dusky
brown dots : hindwing pale ochreous-brown. Body brownish-ochreous, front of
thorax and bands on forelegs ochreous-brown.
Expanse, <? 1|, ? If inch.
Genus STICTOPTERA.
Stictoptera, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 51 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1130.
Steiria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1135 (1857).
Male : forewing long, narroAv, costa straight, slightly acuminate at the tip,
exterior margin very oblique, denticulated, posterior margin short, recurved; cell
long, narrow, extending nearly three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at
nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-fifth
from base of second, and fourth at three-fifths from base of third, fifth from end of
the cell, curved upward and joined for a short distance to the third near its base ;
discocellular slightly concave, radials from each end ; middle median from close to
end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian slightly recurved : hindwing short,
broad, basal area semi-transparent, apex convex, exterior margin oblique, convex ;
cell extending to less than half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ;
discocellular slightly concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from
extreme end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal
vein slightly recurved. Thorax large, stout, with two more or less high vertical
crests in front, composed of long spatular scales ; abdomen broad at the base,
tapering to the tip, slightly crested; palpi long, slender, porrect, squamose, second
joint extended beyond the head, third joint linear, two-thirds the length of second ;
antenna long, slender, slightly pectinated ; legs long, slender, slightly pilose, spurs
very long.
STICTOPTERA VARIABILIS (Plate 159, Fig. 5,^).
Sicifia varialilis, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. A(k. p. 164 (1882).
Male. Forewing dark ferruginous-brown, with an indistinct greyish-brown
duplex zigzag streak extending upward from base of posterior margin to the costa,
CATEPUIIDJE. 121
the space between it and the lower part of the cell more or less dark black ; a
recnrved discal lunular similar duplex line, and a dusky brown-bordered submargiual
zigzag fascia, the latter longitudinally streaked with black below the apex ; a marginal
row of grey bordered black lunules ; an indistinct black streak at base of the costa ;
an orbicular spot and reniform mark of raised black scales : hindwing semitrans-
parent, pale purplish bluish-white, with broad dusky black marginal band. Body
dark brown, thoracic crest fringed with black, base ochreous.
Variety. With the markings less distinct, the ground colour dusky black, the
portion of the markings on posterior border and before the apex bordered with pale
ochreous.
Female brownish-ochreous, brightest on basal area, with black longitudinal
streaks from base, the lines on posterior margin indistinct, the discal area from
middle of costa to below the apex dusky black, the streaks at apex and posterior
angle bordered with ochreous. Body ochreous.
Expanse If inch.
STICTOPTERA SUBOBLiaUA (Plate 159, Fig. 4, 4a, \h,i 2 . larva).
Steiria subobliqua. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1136 (1857).
Male: forewing pale purplish greyish-ochreous, with purplish-brown costal
streaks, of which the antemedial and apical are lai'ge, the apical being also streaked
with black ; a similar coloured posterior band with irregularly angulated inner
border, extending from base of wing to middle of exterior margin, and which contain
traces of black transverse sinuous lines ; below the cell is a black streak extending
from the base to lower median vein : hindwing purplish-white, semi-diaphanous, with
broad, blackish-brown outer band ; cilia white. Body purplish greyish-ochreous ;
middle and front of thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs purplish-brown ; middle and
hind legs greyish-ochreous ; tarsi with brown bands.
Female : forewing pale purplish-ochreous, basal half darkest and defined by an
oblique transverse waved slender medial black line; crossed by some indistinct; basal,
medial, and discal sinuous blackish lines, the outer hues being most distinct hindward ;
a marginal row of black lunular points ; some incomplete black streaks from the
apex; orbicular and reniform marks indistinctly defined by pale bordered black
raised scales, the raised scales extending to outer margin : hindwing as in male.
Thorax with a black streak in front.
Expanse, c? If, 2 l-J- inch.
Larva with sixteen legs ; dusky olive-green ; head and anal segments yellowish ;
third to sixth segment ochreous above ; with a dusky brown dorsal and subbasal
bands, and a sublateral row of black spots. Pupa dull purphsh-red.
" Feeds on Garciuia." {Dr. Thwaites.)
VOL. III. ^
122 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
STICTOPTERA TRAJICIENS (Plate 158, Fig. 12).
Sleiria trajiciens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1137 (1857), (J.
Male : forewing purplish gi'eyish-brown, the basal half traversed by pale-centred
zigzag black duplex lines longitudinally disposed between the veins ; outer border
also traversed by similarly disposed acutely sinuous lines, with white and black
angles, followed by a whitish bordered lunular marginal line ; the discal interspace
crossed by three or four black waved lines, the inner line crossing the reniform mark
of l)lack raised scales : hindwing semihyaline, brownish-white, with a broad dusky
brown marginal band ; cilia white. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs above purplish
greyish-brown ; thorax black streaked ; abdomen cinereous-brown, crests blackish ;
tarsal bands dark brown.
Expanse 1-^ inch.
Genus ^GILIA.
^fjilin, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1138 (1857).
Forewing long, narrow, triangular, costa slightly arched towards the end, apex
pointed, exterior margin very oblique, convex, and sinuous ; cell extending nearly
three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell,
second at about one-fourth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second, and fourth
at one-half from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and joined to third near the
base ; discocellular inwardly oblique, concave, radials fi'om upper and lower end ;
middle median from angle near end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian
recurved : hindwing short ; cell nearly half the length ; two subcostals from end
of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from the lower end ; two upper medians
from end of the cell, lower at about one-fifth ; submedian and internal vein nearly
straight. Body extending half length beyond hindwings ; palpi obliquely ascending,
reaching to the vertex, laxly squamose, second joint narrow, third lanceolate, two-
thirds the length of second ; anteunis simple ; legs long, laxly squamose, spurs long.
.ffiGILIA DESCRIBENS.
yEgilia describem, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1139 (1857).
" Fawn colour, darker beneath : forewings with transverse oblique zigzag brown
lines, which are almost obsolete on the interior side of the reniform spots ; the border
of the latter is mostly whitish-testaceous, and there is a blackish dot between its
exterior side and the costa ; zigzag submarginal line and marginal streaks whitish-
testaceous ; marginal luuules elongated, dark brown : hindwings greyish, vitreous,
with a broad cupreous-brown border.
" Expanse 18 lines."
CATEPHIIDJE. 123
Genus LOPHOPTERA.
Lophoptera, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 54 (1832) ; Walker, Ciital. Lep. Hot. B. M. xiii. p. 1132 (1857).
Forewing long, narrovr, costa slightly arched towards the end, apex acute,
exterior margin oblique, slightly convex, posterior margin recurved ; cell long,
narrow; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-
fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell ; discocellular obliquely concave, radials from
upper and lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at
one-third before the end ; submedian much curved from the base : hind wing short,
broad, exterior margin convex ; cell less than half length of the wing ; discocellular
slightly bent in the middle, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of
the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein slightly recurved. Body
moderately stout; palpi porrect, second joint roughly squamose, reaching half length
beyond the eyes, third joint short, almost conical, half length of the second ; antennaj
simple ; legs rather long, tibise clothed with stout hairy scales, spurs long.
LOPHOPTERA COST ATA (Plate 159, Fig. 8).
Forewing with a dark purplish-brown band extending along the costal border
from the base to the apex, the area from the band to posterior margin being pale
purplish brownish-grey and almost greyish-white along the lower border of the costal
band ; the lower area of the wing is also crossed by a basal, a subbasal, a medial, two
discal, and a submarginal grey-bordered dark brown lunular line, followed by a
marginal row of similar coloured linear spots ; a dark brown spot also situated below
the cell : hiudwing dark purplish-brown, almost black externally, the discal area and
below the cell more or less semitransparent and crossed by the dark veins. Thorax
dark purplish-brown, abdomen blackish ; palpi, and legs dark purplish-brown.
Expanse l^V inch.
Genus GYRTONA.
Gijrtona, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 89 (1863).
Forewing long, narrow; apex obtuse, exterior margin obhque and slightly
convex, posterior margin convex at the base ; cell extending to about two-fifths the
length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-
sixth, trifid, third at one-fourth from base of second, and fourth at one-half from base
of third ; fifth from end of the cell and joined to third for a short distance beyond
its base ; discocellular obliquely concave, slender, radials from upper and lower end ;
middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian much
recurved from the base : hindwing broad ; apex very convex, exterior margin mucli
undulated ; cell broad, extending to half the length ; two subcostals from end of the
E 2
121 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
cell ; discocellular inwardly concave, radial from lower end ; middle median from
near end of the cell,^ower at one-third; subraedian and internal vein slightly
curved. Body moderately stout ; head with a decumbent tuft in front ; palpi porrect,
squamose, second joint projecting beyond the eyes, third joint short, thickish, obtuse;
antennas long, finely ciliated in male, setose in female ; legs long, slender, squamose,
spurs long.
GYRTONA THORACICA.
Gyrtona thoracica, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 96 (1863), 5.
" Female : forewings hoary ; testaceous tinged, minutely black-speckled ; with
some blackish dentate partly ferruginous lines ; a very broad band near the base,
and a large patch by the interior angle chalybeous-blackish, the latter forming a
submarginal band which includes a cinereous deuticulated line ; discal mark blackish,
elongated, oblique; marginal lunules blackish: hindwings aeneous-cinereous, very
slightly hyaline. Tegute of the thorax blackish towards the tip.
" Expanse 12 lines."
GYRTONA MUSCOSA.
Diomea muscosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii, p. 898 (1865).
" Male. Grass-green : forewings speckled with brown ; exterior border mostly
bi-own, with green speckles, which form irregular denticulated lines : reniform mark
dark brown, indistinct : hindwings and abdomen reddish-cinereous. Thorax mostly
brown, green in front. Female : forewings olive-green, speckled with black, darker
towards the exterior border, with black denticulated hues ; a blackish band between
the interior and exterior lines, and a broad oblique blackish streak by the interior
angle.
" Expanse 12 to 14 lines.'^
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
GYRTONA HYLTISALIS.
Gyrtona Hylusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 93 (1863), g.
Gyrtona nigrocinerea, Walker, id. p. 94, (J.
Gyrtona dorsifascialis. Walker, id. p. 95, g .
Gyrtona strenualis, Walker, id. p. 96, 9.
Gyrtona monilialis. Walker, id. p. 97, 9.
Nephopteryx demptella. Walker, id. xxxv. p. 1721 (1866).
Male. Cinereous-brown. Female violaceous-brown : forewing minutely brown-
speckled, mostly purplish-cinereous in front, mostly pale cinereous hindward ; an
antemedial, a postmedial, and a submarginal black, transverse, slight, undulating
and denticulated lines ; a looped black line extending from the costa between the
nYPOCALIDyE. 125
second and third lines ; marginal points blackish, elongated : liindwing brown ; cilia
edged with cinereous-white. Thorax, head, palpi, and logs above cinereous-brown ;
collar dark brown.
Expanse | inch.
GYRTONA DORSALIS (Plate 158, Fig. 10, 11,^ ?).
Gyrtona dorsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 98 (1863), S.
Otiwra subfasciata, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 907 (1865), $ .
Othora includens, Walker, id. p. 909, $ .
Ariola brt/ophilina, Felder and Rogen. Nov. Voy. Lep. v. pi. 120, fig. 10 (1874) 9 .
Male : forewing pale violaceous brownish-cinereous ; with indistinct transverse
basal and antemedial blackish cinereous-bordered undulated denticulated lines, a
similar postmedial, discal, and a submarginal hne, the two latter with black patches
near the posterior angle ; a marginal row of slender lunules ; a pale-bordered black
orbicular spot, and a large violet-brown bordered reniform mark of raised scales :
hindwing cinereous-brown ; cilia edged with cinereous-white. Thorax, head, palpi,
and legs violaceous-brown, black-speckled ; tarsi with black bands. Female : fore-
wing cinereous, brown speckled ; with more distinct transverse basal lines, and
sometimes with a broad antemedial brown band ; the discal and submarginal lines
also more distinct : hindwing and abdomen paler. Thorax brownish-cinereous, with
a broad brown collar in front ; legs cinereous, with dark brown bands.
Expanse, ^ 9 Ij inch.
GYRTONA PHYCISOrOES (Plate 158, Fig. 8, 5).
Female : forewing pale purplish cinereous-white, slightly violet-brown speckled ;
crossed by an incomplete violet-brown subbasal costal fascia, a medial erect sinuous
line, a recurved discal denticulated line, and two broader sinuous submarginal lines,
followed by a marginal lunular line ; a black spot above the posterior margin between
the antemedial and medial lines, and another spot between the latter and the discal
line ; orbicular and reniform marks composed of a black dot : hindwing cinereous-
white, with a pale cinereous-brown outer border. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs
cinereous-white ; thorax with a black-speckled collar ; legs with brown tarsal bands ;
abdomen pale cinereous-brown.
Expanse J inch.
Family HYPOCALIDJE.
Wings of moderate size : hindwings gaily coloured ; palpi thick, prominent,
rostriform, closely applied together, joints indistinct.
Larva cylindrical, thick, with sixteen legs.
126 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus HYPOCALA.
Hypocala, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 73 (1852); Walker, Catal, Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1173.
Parthenos (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 278.
Forewing elongated, triangular, exterior margin scalloped ; first subcostal
emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-
fifth from base of second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third ; fifth from
end of the cell and joined by a short spur to the third near its base ; discocellular
concave, slightly bent close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle median,
fi'om angle below end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian
slightly curved : hindwing short, broad ; apex convex, exterior margin slightly
scalloped ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular extremely slender,
concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower
at one-third ; submedian and internal vein almost straight. Body stout ; abdomen
fusiform, smooth, thorax thick ; head with a projected tuft in front; palpi porrect,
very stout, laterally broad and flattened, closely applied together and having the
appearance of a short rostrum, third joint short, pointed in front; antennse minutely
pectinated;- legs stout, spurs long. (if. rostrata.)
HYPOCALA EFFLOEESCENS (Plate 160, Fig. o, 5a, larva).
Hypocala cfflorcscens, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 77 (1852).
Forewing purplish brownish-cinereous, sparsely speckled with black scales ; the
costal area broadly covered with pale purplish-brown short, transverse, confluent
strig«, which are more or less apparent in certain lights ; with a transverse very
indistinct pale purplish-brown basal, an antemedial, and a postmedial zigzag line, the
two last lines angled inward and approximated below the cell ; a submarginal sinuous
whitish line with prolonged black inner points, the line being outwardly bordered
from the lower radial to its lower end by a purplish-black lunular streak, which is
angulated outward on the middle median ; a marginal slender black lunular line; a
more or less indistinct small black orbicular spot, and a black reniform mark : hind-
wing ochreous-yellow, with asnescent-black streaks from the base, a confluent spot
at end of the cell, and a broad outer marginal band, the latter with a yellow small
subanal indentation ; cilia yellow. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs purplish brownish-
cinereous, black speckled ; tarsi with darker bands ; abdomen yellow, with blackish
dorsal and lateral bands, the anal segment with a broad band.
Expanse If inch.
Larva with sixteen legs; thick; pale greenish-grey above, green beneath, with
two slender sulxlorsal white lines, and a lateral white band, the latter streaked with
yellow anteriorly, and with pink and short black linear spots between the spiracles ;
CATOCALIDjE. 127
two linear marks also above tlie anterior and posterior spiracle ; liead with transverse
black lines ; middle and liind feet reddish-brown. Pupa ferruginous-brown.
" Feeds on Diospyros." {Dr. Thtvaites.)
HYPOCALA ANGULIPALPIS (Plate 160, Fig. 4, ^).
Hypocala angulipalpis, Gucuee, Noct. iii. p. 77 (1852).
Male : forewing pale brownish-cinereous, sparsely speckled with indistinct black
scales ; an obsolescent transverse antemedial, and a postmedial zigzag brownish line,
a more or less prominent blackish streak below base of the cell, and a transverse
submarginal pale ochreous-bordered angulated line with a contiguous outer purplish-
brown lunular line ; a slender black marginal line ; a black more or less indistinct
orbicular spot and reniform mark ; the costal area from base to the obsolescent discal
line beyond the reniform mark more or less pale ochreous : hindwing ochreous-yellow,
with senescent-black streaks from the base, a broad confluent spot at end of the cell,
and an irregularly-angulated outer band which is excavated and disconnected from
the margin for some distance from the anal end ; cilia yellow. Thorax, head, palpi,
and legs brownish-cinereous, legs with darker bands ; abdomen yellow, with dorsal
black bands.
Expanse Ito inch.
Family CATOCALIDiE.
Imago with ample, broad wings : hindwing gaily coloured and with dark bands.
In repose the wings form a very flat roof. Antennae long ; thorax and abdomen
slightly crested.
Larva with sixteen legs, looping the anterior segments when walking ; elongated,
flattened beneath; with lateral fleshy filaments above the legs. Pupa generally
efl[lorescent, enclosed in a slight cocoon of silk spun amongst leaves or bark.
{Stainton.)
Genus CATOCALA.
Catocala, Sehrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 2, p. 158 (1802) ; Oehs. Sclimett. Eur. iv. p. 94; Guenee, Noct.
iii. p. 80 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1179.
Wings ample : forewing elongate, trigonate ; costa arched, apex obtusely
pointed, exterior margin obUque, scalloped, posterior margin convex at base ; cell
extending half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell,
second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching third close to its
base ; discocellular bent near each end, concave in middle, radials from the angles ;
middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian
slightly recurved : hindwing broad, exterior margin convex, scalloped, angular at
end of the submedian ; cell extending two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from
128 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
end of the cell ; discocellular very obliquely concave, radial from near lower end ;
two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; sub-
median and internal slightly curved. Body stout ; palpi slightly ascending, stout,
coarsely squamose, second joint thick, of uniform width, third joint thick, short,
cylindrical ; antennae long, minutely pectinated ; legs stout, fore tibiae pilose beneath,
middle femora fi-inged beneath, with inner rows of short spines above, hind legs
shghtly pilose, tibiae spined ; tarsi long. {Ti/pe, C. Fraxini.)
CATOCALA RAMA (Plate 160, Fig. 6).
Forewing violaceous-grey, numerously speckled with violet-brown scales ; crossed
by a dark violet-brown short basal costal zigzag line, two antemedial narrow zigzag
bands, and a prominent black slender discal sinuous line with outwardly prolonged
points above and below the lower radial ; veins within the medial area and beyond
the discal line also black ; a broad violet-brown fascia across the medial area, another
beyond the discal line, and a third on the marginal border ; a greyish-white black-
speckled broad reniform mark : hindwing ochreous-yellow, with a narrow transverse
curved short medial blackish band, and a broad marginal band, with a narrow pale
ochreous subapical and a subanal marginal streak ; cilia white. Thorax, head, palpi,
and legs violaceous-grey, speckled with brown ; front of thorax, and side of palpi
dark brown ; tegulae bordered with brown scales ; abdomen pale brown ; tip of fore
tibifB, and also the tarsi with black bands.
Expanse 2f inches.
Genus BLENINA.
Blenina, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1214 (1857).
Forewing rather short, elliptic, costa slightly arched from the base, apes not
acute, exterior margin very moderately oblique, slightly convex, posterior margin
rounded towards the base ; cell narrow, disposed towards middle of the wing,
extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the
cell, second at one-fifth, bifid, fourth from end of the cell, bifid, slightly touching
third near its base, the fifth being thrown off from the fourth at some distance from
below its juncture with the third ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly concave,
radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end
of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end; submedian arched from the base,
extending midway between the median and posterior margin : hindwing short, broad,
apex and exterior margin convex, undulated ; two subcostals from end of the cell ;
discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians
from extended lower end of the cell, lower from close to the end ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body stout, abdomen thick, dorsally crested at the base ;
CATOCALIDJE. 129
palpi ascending, squamose, second joint long, reacliing to level of the eyes, third joint
lanceolate, of the same length as the second ; antennee very minutely pectinated ;
legs stout, femora slightly fringed beneath, tibiae laxly clothed, spurs long. {Type,
B. accipiens.)
BLENINA DONANS (Plate 160, Fig. 2).
Blenina donans. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. siii. p. 1215 (1857).
Forewing pale whitish-cinereous, numerously speckled with cinereous-brown
scales ; with an indistinct transverse basal, and a subbasal inwardly-oblique slender
black sinuous line, an outwardly-oblique medial and discal line, followed by a cine-
reous-brown sinuous fascia, a less distinct blackish sinuous submarginal line, and a
marginal row of slender points ; the costal end of the lines most prominent and
somewhat dilated ; a small blackish orbicular and reniform spot; a blackish streak
extending obliquely from the reniform mark to exterior margin above the angle :
hind wing pale golden-yellow, with a broad golden-bi'own marginal band ; cilia yellow,
edged with white in the middle. Thorax, liead, palpi, and legs whitish-cinereous ;
fore tarsi with blackish bands ; abdomen pale golden-yellow.
Expanse 1^ inch.
BLENINA ACCIPIENS (Plate 160, Fig. 3).
Blenina accijnens. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1215 (1857).
Forewing whitish-cinereous, densely speckled with black scales : with a trans-
verse inwardly-oblique subbasal black zigzag line, an outwardly-oblique medial line,
a much less distinct similar discal line, a broader distinct submarginal line, and a
marginal row of black points; the basal and medial area clouded with brown; a
slender black reniform mark : hindwing cupreous-black, with a short discal ochreous-
yellow band ; cilia ochreous-yellow. Thorax, head, and palpi whitish-cinereous,
black-speckled ; legs whitish-cinereous, with blackish bands.
Expanse l^; inch.
Genus AUCHA.
Aucha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1137 (1857).
" Male. Wings moderately broad : forewings nearly straight along the costa,
almost rectangular at the tips, hardly oblique along exterior border till near the
interior angle, where they are moderately oblique. Body moderately stout ; palpi
short, obliquely ascending ; third joint elongate-conical, not more than one-fourth
the length of the second; antennae slender, filiform, very minutely pubescent;
abdomen slightly tufted at the tip; legs stout, hind tibia3 with very long spurs."
VOL. 111. ^
130 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
AUCHA VELANS.
Aiicha velans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1138 (1857).
"Male. Blackish -brown, cupreous; ferruginous beneatli : forewings with a
cinereous tinge ; all the markings almost obsolete, except a row of blackish marginal
(lots : hindwing cupreous, somewhat paler towards the base and along the interior
border ; an oblong fawn-coloured patch in the disc ; cilia partly testaceous ; under-
side with a brown discal spot and a brown border. Abdomen cupreous-ferruginous.
" Expanse 16 lines."
Family OPHIDERID^.
Imago large, robust. "Wings ample : forewings in some almost hooked at the
tip : hindwings generally deep yellow, with black bands. Body stout ; thorax and
abdomen crested ; palpi long, ascending, apex compressed and clavate ; antenna
long, thick.
Larva half looped, with sixteen legs, the first middle pair being imperfect and
useless for walking; with prominent ocellated spots on sixth and seventh segments.
"When at rest the anterior and posterior segments are held upward, the anterior
segments also being frequently curled beneath. Pupa stout, conical, head truncated ;
scabrous ; amongst growing leaves which are knit together and lined with a silken
web ; pupa fastened by the tail.
Genus OTHREIS.
Othn'is, Hiitnier, Vevz. bek. Scbmett, p. 264 (1818-25); Moore, Traus. Zool. Soc. xi. p. 64 (1881).
Conjcia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Seiimett. p. 265 (1818-25).
Ophideres (part), Gueuee ; Walker.
Forewino- elongated ; costa slightly arched near the end, apex acute ; exterior
margin oblique and slightly convex hindward, even in the male, scalloped in the
female; posterior margin short, with a fringed lobe near the base and a slight
excavation beyond ; costal vein extending to near apex ; first and second subcostal s
at equal distances before end of the cell, second trifid, third forked near the apex,
fifth fiom end of the cell and joined to third near its base ; discocellular very slender,
recurved, bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle at
end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian bent near its base,
from below the angle of which a short spur is emitted and joins a very slender short
lower submedian branch : hindwing broad ; costal margin extending beyond angle
of f orewing, exterior margin convex, and with a slight subanal angle ; abdominal
niaroin short ; costal vein recurved, extending to apex ; two subcostals from end of
OPIIIDERIB^'E. 131
the cell ; discocellular very slender, deeply concave, radial from near lower end ;
middle median from angle close to end of tlie cell, lower one-third before the end ;
submedian and internal veins straig-ht. Body very robust, densely clothed above ;
palpi large, long, ascending ; second joint clothed with short adpressed hairy scales,
third joint slender, long, slightly clavate, and with a slight hairy tuft above ; antennjE
long, filiform, thickened at the base ; fore femora and tibi^ thickly pilose beneath ;
middle and hind legs less pilose, with spurred tibiae and spined tarsi.
Ty])e, 0. FuUonica.
OTHREIS FULLONICA.
Phahvna Noctua FuUonica, Liunjeus, Syst. Nat. ii. p. 812 (1767); Clerck, Icones, pi. 43, fig. 1, 2.
Ophiderc'i FuUonica, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. Ill ; Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1222.
Othreis FuUonica, Moore, Trans. Zoo). Soc. xi. p. 64, pi. 12, fig. 1, 1«, pi. 13, fig. 1, la (1881), $ $.
Noctua Dioscorem, Fabricius, Syst. Eut. p. 593 (1775); Spec. lus. ii. p. 212; JNlaut. Ins. ii. p. 137;
Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 16, ?.
Phal. Noct. Pomona, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 77, fig. C (1779), ? .
Othreis Pomona, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sehmett. p. 264.
Ophidcres Cajeta, Walker, Catal. Lap. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1223, $ {nee Cramer).
Male : forewing dark ferruginous-brown or vinous-brown, numerously covered
with either ochreous, dark olive-green, or greyish strigfs, those on the exterior border
forming irregular fascifB and terminating in a straight streak to the apex ; an antemedial
and a postmedial oblique transverse darker brown line, the interspace being glossy
and generally with transverse purplish-brown fascia3 ; a small oval orbicular spot,
and the reniform mark being more or less unglossed : hmdwing orange-yellow, with
a broad black angulose-bordered apical marginal baud, and row of pale yellow cilial
spots ; a large broad curved black discal band. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above
dark brown; abdomen orange-yellow; legs and abdomen beneath paler; a yellow
spot on tibijB and tarsal joints ; palpi black tipt. Female : forewing brighter
coloured, mottled with grey and brown; strigse paler grey; medial area and fascijB
on exterior border cbalybeous-grey ; postmedial hue irregularly sinuous, with a
prominent white dentate spot on its middle and narrow lunules below it ; reniform
mark triangularly bent and more or less black ; orbicular spot minute, black : hind-
wing and body as in male.
Expanse o to 4j iuches.
Larva semi-looped, cylindrical, sparsely covered with minute hairs ; with sixteen
feet, but the first pair of ventrals rudimentary ; eleventh segment thickened at the
dorsal extremity and surmounted by a tubercular spot. When at rest holds the bead
up and also the last segments ; frequently curling the anterior segments up in front.
Changes to pupa in a canopy of growing leaves fixed together and lined with a net-
like web, pupa fastened by the tail.
s 2
132 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
OTHREIS CAJETA (Plate 162, Fig. 1, \a,S ? ).
PhalcBna Noctua Cajeta, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. p. 48, pi. 30, fig. a b, J, c ? (1779).
Corycia Cajeta, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 265 (1818-25),
Ophideres Cajeta, Giieuee, Noct. iii. p. 112, <? ?.
Othreis Cajeta, Moore, Traus. Zool. Soo. xi. p. 67, pi. 13, fig. 2, 2a,$ ? (1881).
Ophideres multiscripta, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xiii. p. 1226 (1857), ? .
Male : forewing dark umber-browu, suffused with greyish fawn colour externallj,
being greyest at the posterior angle ; a few grey strigte disposed on the basal and
costal areas, and a basal and subapical cluster of olive-green or pale ochreous, and
dark brown scales ; veins alternately pale and black-speckled ; an equidistant curved
antemedial and a postmedial transverse blackish duplex line, which is prominent and
pale centred in some specimens, indistinct in others ; a small pale-circled blackish
orbicular spot, and pale-bordered dark elongated lunular reniform mark : hindwing
orange-yellow ; with a black apical marginal angular-bordered band, and yellow cilial
spots, a short black curved discal band. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above brown ;
legs with white spots. Female : forewing brownish greyish -ochreous or fawn-colour,
numerously covered with black pale-grey bordered speckled strigte, which are thickly
disposed along the costa, and form irregular fascise across the disc ; posterior angle
broadly greyish, above which is a small dentate whitish spot ; reniform mark pro-
minent, triangularly angled, and black lined ; a minute black pale-encircled orbicular
spot: hindwing and body as in male.
Expanse 3 to 3| inches.
OTHREIS ANCILLA (Plate 161, Fig. 3, 3a, h, $ q , larva).
Phalmna Noctua Ancilla, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 84, pi. 149, fig. f (1779), ?.
Ophideres Ancilla, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 114,?; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1224, J .
Othreis Ancilla, Moore, Trans. Zool. Soc. xi. p. 67, pi. 12, fig. 2, 2a, pi. 13, fig. 3, 3a (1881), $ ?.
Phalmna strigata, Donovan, Ins. India, pi. 54 (1800), ?.
Othreis Hommna, Hiibner, Veiz. bek. Scbmett. p. 264 (1818-25).
Ophideres hilineosa. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1227 (1857), $ .
Male: forewing deep ferruginous-brown, with numerous darker brown strigs;
crossed by indistinct greenish-brown fascia3, which are bordered with glaucous-grey
or purj^le ; an inwardly-oblique subbasal, and a postmedial transverse black waved
line, and a paler basal and medial less defined line ; an indistinct orbicular punctiform
spot, and a brown-bordered reniform mark : hindwing orange-yellow ; marginal black
band attenuated hindward, cilial spots yellow; a short bilobed black discal band.
Thorax, head, palpi, fore and middle legs deep ferruginous-brown; abdomen and
hind legs orange-yellow. Female : forewing dark purple-brown, the strigte darker,
the transverse fasciee glaucescent-purple, the postmedial transverse oblique black line
sinuous hindward; a broad longitudinal irregular angular-bordered green band
OPIIIDEIIID^. 133
extending below the cell from near the base to beyond the postmedial line ; reniform
mark partly green : hindwing and body as in male.
Expanse 25- to 3 inches.
Larva half looped ; with sixteen legs, the first middle pair being so slightly
developed as to be useless for progression; the twelfth segment raised and dorsally
surmounted by a single blunt red tubercle raised above the skin, behind which the
body slopes abruptly down towards the anal legs ; spiracles oval and black. General
colour dusky purplish-brown, dotted with numerous minute cobalt-blue spots,
regulai'ly arranged, and with large yellow oval patches on the fourth, fifth, and sixth
segments, those on the sides of the fifth and sixth being in the shape of ocelli, of
which the iris is yellow, and the pupil azure-blue surrounded by black ; the ninth
and tenth segments also more or less irregularly patched with yellow. Pupa beneath
a canopy of living leaves fastened firmly together and thinly lined with a bed of silk ;
pupa fastened by the tail, of an orange colour, burnished and roughened like shagreen.
" Feeds on Menispermum." [Dr. Thwaites.)
Genus ARGADESA.
Argadesa, Moore, Traus. Zool. Soc. xi. p. 74 (1881).
Ophideres (part), Gueuee; Walker.
Forewing in both sexes with the exterior margin oblique aud scalloped throughout
its length. Palpi shorter, and more slender.
ARGADESA MATEENA (Pl.\te 161, Fig. 2, i ).
PhalcEna Noctua materna, Linnaeus, Sjst. Nat. ii. p. 840 (1767); Driirj, las. ii. p. 24, pi, 13, fig. 4;
Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pi. 174, fig. b, ill. pi. 267, fig. e.
Noctua materna, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. ii. p. 212; Eut. Syst. iii. 2, p. 16.
Rhytia materna, Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 264.
Triphaena materna, WestwooJ, Nat. Libr. Exot. Moths, p. 201, pi. 25, fig. 2.
Ophideres materna, Boisdiival, Faun. Eut. Madag. Bourb. et Maur. Lep. p. 100; Gueuee, Noel. iii. p.
113; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1221.
Argadesa materna, Moore, Traus. Zool. Soc. xi. p. 74, pi. 12, fig. 4, 4a, pi. 14, fig. 3, Za, (^ J.
Noctua hyhrida, Fabricius, Syst. Eat. p. 593 (1775).
Male : forewing greenish-grey, nuuierously covered with greenisli-brown or
purple-brown transverse confluent strigte; with a short curved dark brown ante-
medial costal line and a distinct oblique postmedial line; between the lines are three
broad purple-glossed plumbeous longitudinal streaks, the upper streak short and
near the costa, the next from lower angle of the cell, the third below the cell ;
renifom mark trilobed, jDurple-black ; a narrow grey streak curving below the apex
and spreading irregularly to the posterior angle : hindwing orange-yellow, with a
narrow black marginal baud and prominent white cilia! spots; a small single black
134 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
discal spot. Thorax greenish-grey, liead and palpi above brown, beneatli yellow ;
palpi black tipt ; forelegs brownish above ; abdomen and legs orange-yellow. Female :
forewing with darker and more prominent strigse, tlie three longitudinal discal streaks
much larger, broader, contiguous, purple-glossed, more narrowly divided, and bordered
with white : hindwing and body as in male.
Expanse 2\ to 3f inches.
Genus M/ENAS.
Mcenas, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Pclimett. p. 264 (1818-25) ; Moore, Trans. Zool. Soc. xi. p. 71 (1881).
Ophidercs (part), Gneaee ; Walker.
Forewing elongated, trigonal; cost a slightly arched towards the end, apex
acute ; exterior margin oblique, straight, even ; posterior margin recurved, with a
slight tufted angle near the base. Palpi short, compactly clothed with short scales,
apical joint small, very short and conical.
M.ffiNAS SALAMINIA (Plate 161, Fig. 1, In, h, larva).
PhaJivna Noctua Salaminia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 11 V, pi. 174, fig. a (1779); Clerck, Icones, pi.
48, fig. 5, 6.
Noctua Salaminia, Fabricius, Eiit. Syst. iii. 2, p. 17 (1793).
Mcenas Salaminia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 264 (1818-25); Moore, Traus. Zool. Soc. xi. p. 71,
pi. 12, fig. 3, a, b, pi. 14, fig. 2.
Ophidercs Salaminia, Gucnee, Noct. iii. p. 115 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1225.
Male and female : forewing dark green with golden reflections ; a broad purplish-
gi-ey costal band extending from near the base of posterior margin to the apex, and
a narrower similar band on the exterior border, the costal band with numerous short
green and purplish transverse strigEe which are confluent along the costal edge ; the
exterior band with a paler purplish-green inner border ; a distinct red line extending
along the discal portion of the lower median vein : hindwing orange-yellow, with a
black apical-marginal band, with yellow cilial spots, and a short black bilobed discal
band. Thorax, head, paljii, and front of forelegs ochreous-green ; abdomen and legs
orange-yellow.
Expanse 3 to -i^ inches.
Larva half looped ; with sixteen legs, the first middle pair imperfectly developed ;
twelfth segment with a raised conical reddish tubercle ; genei'al colour purplish
greyish-black, sparsely greyish-white speckled ; fifth, sixth and seventh segments
with a small yellowish-white subdorsal spot, beneath which on the sixth and seventh
segment is a red-ringed black ocellus, each with a whitish anterior pupil. Before
changing to pupa the colour alters to olive brown, speckled with darker brown, with
a pale lateral fascia along the middle segments, and a purplish-brown fascia from
the conical tubercle to fourth middle leg. Pupa dark purplish-black.
" Feeds on Menispermaceaj." (Thwaites.)
OPUJDF.RIDJE. ];5o
Genus RHYTIA.
RhjHa, Hiilin T, Voiz. liok. .Schm3tt. p. 264 (1818-23); Mooro, Trans. Zool. Soc. xi. p. 72 (1881).
Ophideres (part), Guouee ; Walker.
Forewing in both sexes with the exterior margin even, and angulated outward
in the middle. Palpi very long, the third joint with broad clavate tufted tip.
Larva similar in form to that of Othreis, but with a slight dorsal protuberance
on the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eleventh segments.
RHYTIA HYPERMNESTEA (Pi,ate 162, fig. 3. 3«, i ? ).
Phalana Kociua Hypermnestra, Cramer, P.ip. Exot. iv. ])1. 323, fiw. a, b (1782).
Rhijtia Ilypermnestra, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 264; Moore, Trans. Zool. Soc. xl. p. 73,
pi. xii. fig. 6 ; xiv. f. 4, 4a.
Ophideres Ilypermnestra, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 116; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1225.
Male: forewing ochreous-green, numerously covered with slender blackish
transverse strigte ; crossed by pale chalybeous-grey bordered dai-ker fascise, by a
distinct antemedial, and an oblique postmedial brown line; an indistinct dusky
brown suffused reniform mark ; a curved grey streak below the apex and grey strigfe
above posterior angle ; transverse lines with chalybeous-grey inner border : hind wing
orange-yellow, with a broad marginal black band, white cilial row of spots and apical
angle, and with two small black discal spots, the upper spot oval, the lower recurved.
Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs in front ochreous-green ; palpi with a lateral linear
grey streak ; abdomen and legs above orange-yellow, beneath grey. Female darker
green, with transverse strigte, and oblique lines not bordered with chalybeous-grey;
with a series of large creamy-white spots on the discocellular area, another series
below the cell, a large patch at the posterior angle, and two small slender spots
below the apex, all partially crossed by slender olive-brown strigjB.
Expanse 3 to oj inches.
" Larva half -looped, slightly humped on the fifth, sixth, seventh, and twelfth
segments. Legs fourteen, with a rudimentary pair on seventh segment. Colour
dusky purplish-brown, blotched with very dark brown, and spotted with minute dots
of cobalt-blue; on each side of sixth and seventh segments is a large ocellus, the iris
being bright yellow in front and vermilion behind, pupil purplish-brown Avith a
crescent of cobalt-blue, and with a centre which is considerably darker than the rest.
The segments are also extensively marked with black and yellow patches of various
shapes." {Ward.)
Genus ADR IS.
Adris, Moore, Trans. Zool. Soc. xi. p. 69 (1881).
Forewing with the costa arched beyond the middle and slightly concave at the
136 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
end, the apex being produced into a lengthened point ; exterior margin very oblique
and convex, the posterior angle very acute ; posterior margin very short in male,
lobe much produced, the excavation beyond short : hindwing prolonged anteriorly,
exterior margin convex in the middle. Palpi larger and stouter than in allied genera,
more laxly clothed, the third joint with a lai'ge laterally compressed dense tuft above ;
fore tibia3 in male more densely clothed with longer lateral hairs.
Type, A. tyranniis.
ADRIS ETJTILTJS (Plate 162, fig. 2, $ , 2a, larva).
Adris ruiihts, Moore, Trans. Zool. Soc. xi. p. 70.
Male : forewing ferruginous, very sparsely speckled with indistinct greenish-
ochreous scales, and the veins slightly lined with grey and blackish speckles; crossed
by darker wavy chalybeous-grey bordered fascife ; a very indistinct antemedial
transverse dusky line, and a prominent postmedial oblique black line ; a cluster of
greenish speckles near the base, another cluster on the reniform mark at upper end
of the cell, and a few speckles along outer border of the oblique line: hindwing
orange-yellow, with an elongated narrow curved black upper discal band and a small
shorter black lobate lower discal band. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs in front
ferruginous ; abdomen above and beneath, and legs, yellow. Female : forewing
darker ferruginous, more prominently speckled ; the veins speckled also more
distinct ; and with a whitish patch, below the median vein : hindwing with broader
black bands.
Expanse 3 to 3-J- inches.
Larva half-looped ; with sixteen legs, first middle pair aborted ; purplish-black ;
head and conical prominence on twelfth segment dark dull red ; sparsely speckled
with bluish-grey ; spiracles also bluish-grey ; a slender dorsal white line on sixth,
seventh, and twelfth segments ; a lateral red-streaked ocellus on sixth and seventh
segments, and an oblique yellow black-streaked band extending across the back from
tlie last middle leg, a yellow lateral spot also on the twelfth segment. Pupa purplish-
black.
" Feeds on Menispermaces." {Thioaitcs.)
Family PHYLLODID^.
Imago large : forewings mostly falcate at the tip, not excavated on the posterior
border. Body more or less stout, elongated ; palpi ascending, stout, broad, apex
slender ; antennae very long ; legs very long.
Larva half-looped ; with sixteen perfect legs ; some with, or without, short
dorsal conical tubercular prominences. Pupa stout, enclosed amongst leaves of the
food plant.
PH7LL0DIDJE. 137
Genus PHYLLODES.
Phyllodes, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, i. Lop. p. 246 (1832); Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 120; Walker,
Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1232.
Ischyja (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 265.
Wings ample : forewing long ; costa much arched, apex very acute and falcate,
exterior margin very obliquely convex, posterior margin rounded near the base ; cell
extending two-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the
cell, second at one-tenth, third emitted from end of the cell, trifid, joined to second
by a short cross spur at about one-half from its base, fourth at two-thirds fi-om the
base of third, fifth from below third at one-fifth beyond its base; discocellular
concave, bent at each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close
to end of the cell, lower at one-half; submedian curved at the base and widely
separated from the posterior .margin : hindwing large, triangular ; costa long, apex
obtuse, exterior margin very oblique, convex ; cell extending one-third the length ;
two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from lower end ;
middle median from one-sixth before the end, lower at two-fifths ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body stout, long ; palpi ascending, second joint very stout,
broad, convex in front, compactly pilose, adpressed, tliird joint very slender, clavate,
naked, about one-fourth length of second ; antennae simple, very long ; legs stout,
very long, pilose beneath, spui's long.
Larva half looped, thick ; with sixteen pei'fect legs ; without prominences. Pupa
amongst leaves of food-plant.
PHYLLODES MALIGERA (Plate 163, fig. 2, 2a).
Phyllodes maligera, Butler, Ent. Monthly Mag. 1883, p. 138.
Forewing pale purpurescent cinereous-brown, sparsely speckled with cinereous-
white dots and strigee, the strigJB being most thickly disposed on the outer border ;
extending from the apex to middle of the disc is a nearly straight dusky speckled-
bordered white line, below which is a slight dusky-speckled lunular discal line, the
outer marginal area beyond being slightly ochreous ; basal area and the apex crossed
by waved chalybeous cyaneous fasciae ; a black punctiform orbicular spot, and an
olivescent-brown streaked recurved reniform mark, which has also lower white lined
streaks : hindwing blue-black, with a few cinereous strigte at the apex, and with a
large irregular-bordered rounded scarlet anal patch with a duplex white centre.
Thorax, head, palpi, and legs cinereous-brown ; abdomen black with slight bluish
dorsal segmental bands, apex cinereous-brown.
Expanse b\ inches.
Larva half looped ; with sixteen perfect legs ; without tubercular prominences.
Pupa stout, ferruginous-brown ; abdominal segments with black and speckled bands
beneath, lateral black stripes, and dorsal grey bands.
VOL, III. T
138 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus ISCHYJA.
Jschyjn, Hiibner, Vei'z. bek. Sclimett. p. 26.5 (1818-25).
Fotamophom, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 122 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1234.
Male. Wings large: forewing elongate, triangular, costa convex towards the
end, apex very acute, subfalcate, exterior margin oblique, wavy, convex posteriorly ;
cell extending two-fiftbs tlie lengtli ; first subcostal emitted at tliree-fiftlis before end
of the cell, second at one-fiftb, trifid, tliird at one-fourth from base of second and
fourth from near end of third, fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching third
near its base; discocellular bent in the middle, radials from upper end and near
lower end; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third;
submedian recurved, with a short slender spur from below the base : hindwing short,
broad, exterior margin convex, angular in the middle, wavy; cell short, reaching
one-fourth the length ; subcostal curved before end of the cell ; first branch emitted
before the end ; discocellular concave, radial curved upward from lower end ; medians
from end of the cell, middle branch thickened, running alongside and almost joined
to the upper branch to half its length, the lower branch being emitted at two-thirds
from the base of middle branch ; submedian recurved and contorted at the base,
internal vein undulated ; on the upperside the veins from the base are lined with fine
woolly hairs, and there is also a tuft longitudinally between submedian and internal
vein on the underside, the abdominal margin being dilated at end of the internal vein
and there slightly folded. Body stout ; thorax woolly ; palpi ascending, second joint
very broad, compressed, laxly squamose, reaching level of the eyes, third joint slender,
clavate, nearly half length of second; legs stout, very densely pilose, spurs long;
antennse stout, very long, serrated and ciliated in the male, setaceous in the female.
Female : forewing broader than in male : hindwing more triangular, exterior margin
very oblique ; veins in their normal position.
ISCHYJA MANLIA (Plate 163, Fig. \,\a,$^,\h, larva).
Phalfrna Noctua ilanlia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. p. 144, pi. 92, fig. A (1779).
Noctiia Mcinlia, Fabricius, Eut. Syst. iii. 2, p. 28.
Ischyja Manlia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 265 (1818-25).
Fotamophora Manlia, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 123 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1234.
Male : forewing brown, minutely speckled with short transverse blackish striga3,
the ground colour being either of a dark ochreous, ferruginous, or purplish-brown
tint, the basal half generally darkest and brightest coloured; the outer half sometimes
transversely washed with glaucescent-grey, the division across the wing being defined
by a greyish-speckled blackish difi"used medial transverse oblique line ; the basal half
crossed by two indistinct pale-bordered blackish waved lines, the outer half with a
more or less visible brighter coloured fascia, which is defined by the zigzag clustering
PIIYLLODIDJE. 139
of the blackish strig^ ; orbicular and reniform marks blackish lined and speckled,
the centre of both being either of the same colour as the basal area, or ochreous, with
an intervening black streak, and in some specimens they are defined by an ochreous-
yellow line, with a deep black patch at the end and base of the cell as well as an
intervening quadrate patch, in these latter the pale line does not then border the
marks along the median vein ; below the cell is a more or less defined longitudinal
streak which is generally black and dilated at eacli end, and also cut by the pale
ochreous transverse line, this streak being bordered above by a glaucescent-greyish
fascia : hindwiug dusky brown, the apical marginal border being almost black, and
the anal area marked with black strigas bordered by cinereous speckles ; across the
upper disc is a broad cinereous-blue band. Body dark brown ; head, palpi, and
forelegs above with pale speckles.
Female : with broader wings : forewing similarly coloured, the outer half being
more or less glaucescent-grey speckled ; orbicular and reniform marks more or less
indistinct, their black borders and lower streak obsolete : hind wing as in male.
Expanse 3 to 4 inches.
Larva half looped ; with sixteen legs; fifth, sixth, seventh, eleventh, and twelfth
segments with a short conical dorsal prominence; varied with purpHsh-brown and
ochreous, and irregularly marked with short black streaks ; head ochreous, dotted
with brown. Pupa purpHsh-brown ; efflorescent ; enclosed amongst leaves of food-
plant.
" Feeds on Terminalia, Cinnamomia, &c." (Thioaites.)
Genus AGONISTA.
Lygniodes* Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 123 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1235.
Agonista, Eogenhofler, Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 113, fig. 5 (1874).
Male : forewing triangular, broad, velvety, costa arched, apex very acute, exterior
margin oblique, even : cell very short, extending only to one-sixth the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second from close to end, trifid,
third at one-sixth from base of second, fourth about one-half from base of third, fifth
from end of the cell and slightly touching third close to its base ; discocellular deeply
concave, bent at each end, i*adials from the angles ; middle median at one-fifth before
end of the cell, lower at one-half; submediau almost straight: hindwing short,
broad, triangular, exterior margin very oblique ; cell very short, reachiug about one-
fifth the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell, the first branch being much
curved ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from near lower end ; middle median
from close to end of the cell, lower at one-third; submedian and internal straight.
* Used by Scbouheir in 1836, for a genus of Coleopteia.
T 2
140 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Body rather slender, abdomen smooth, pointed at the tip; palpi ascending, compressed,
second joint laxly squamose, of equal width throughout its length, reaching the
vertex, third joint linear, slender, three-fourths the length of second; antennae
slender, simple ; legs long, slender, laxly pilose, spurs long.
jpyjjf, A. hypoleuca.
AGONISTA REDUCENS (Plate 163, Fig. 3, 3a, ^ ?).
Lijyniodcs reducens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1236 (1857), $ .
Lygniodes disparans, Walker, id. xv. p. 1817 (1858), 9.
Male. "Wings purplish-brown, with blue and green reflections in certain lights :
forewing with indistinct traces of transverse darker brown short strigte, those on the
disc slightly cinereous bordered ; cilia brown : hindwing with more or less distinct
brown transverse strigse, those along the abdominal border being slightly bordered
by pale cinereous scales ; cilia and extreme marginal edge from anal angle cinereous-
white. Body, palpi, and legs purplish-brown.
Female. Ochreous-brown, somewhat olivescent in some lights ; crossed by
numerous dark brown undulating strigae : forewing with a slight transverse darker
brown subbasal and a medial waved fascia, followed by a discal angulated fascia, and
a submargical row of white tipt black points : hindwing with a similar medial
transverse brown fascia, and a discal pale-bordered line, the pale border being dilated
at the costal end.
Expanse, <J 2|, 9 3 inches.
Family EREBIDiE.
Imago generally large. "Wings with transverse lines : forewing with the
orbicular and reniform spots, when present, of the usual shape. Body stout;
antenna often ciliate, sometimes crenulate or serrated in the male ; palpi erect, apex
long, often spatular. {Guenee.)
Larva cylindrical ; with sixteen legs.
Genus OXYODES.
Oxyodes, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 128 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1239.
Forewing elongated, triangular, falcate at the tip, exterior margin slightly
convex posteriorly ; cell extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-
half before end of the cell, second at one-eighth, trifid, third at one-eighth from base
of second, and fourth at three-fourths from base of third, fifth from end of the cell
and touching third near its base ; discocellular bent in the middle, radials from upper
and lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-half ;
submedian slightly curved near the base and with a very slender lower branch at
EREBIDjE. .141
one-sixth from the base : hindwing broadly conical, costa arched towards the base,
apex and exterior margin very convex ; cell short, extending one-third the length ;
two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, outwardly oblique
and slightly concave ; radial from close to lower end ; middle median from close to
end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal straight. Body rather
slender, abdomen tapered to the tip ; palpi erect, compressed, first and second joints
laxly squamose, second joint reaching to the vertex, third joint slender, two-thirds
length of the second ; antennge long, slender, setaceous ; legs long, fore femora and
tibiee densely clothed beneath with fine long hairs, middle and hind tibige fringed
beneath, tarsi very long, spurs long and slender.
OXYODES SCROBICULATA (Plate 164, Fig. 1).
NocUia scrobiculata, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. ii. p. 212 (1781) ; Mant. Ins. ii. p. 137.
Phalana Noctua scrobiculata, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. 5, p. 2531.
Phalcena Noctua Clytia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 399, fig. g (1782).
Oxyodes Clytia, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 128 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv, p. 1239.
Brownish yellowish-ochreous : fore wing with a more or less distinct antemedial,
medial, and a discal blackish-brown scaled sinuous line, followed by an outer discal
less defined upper line, and a similar submarginal line, the upper interspace from the
inner discal line to the outer margin being more or less clouded with brown ; a small
rounded more or less distinct blackish-scaled orbicular spot and a large reniform
mark; the costal border and basal area shghtly sprinkled with blackish-brown
scales : hindwing with a broad longitudinal blackish-brown subcostal band, and four
transverse outer discal indistinct blackish-scaled sinuous lines, and a less defined
discocellular streak. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs brownish-ochreous ; abdomen
paler.
Expanse 2 to 2j inches.
ramily OMMATOPHORIDiE.
Imago large or moderate. Wings broad, thick, alike in colour, and with similar
markings": forewing with the reniform spot forming a large ocellus. Body robust ;
palpi long, erect, apex slender, Unear ; antennae moderately long, very generally
filiform. (Guenee.)
Larva elongated, cylindrical, with sixteen legs, the first middle pair being
sometimes imperfect; a single or double conical dorsal prominence on twelfth
seo-ment ; an oval ocellated spot on each side of fifth segment.
Pupa among growing leaves.
142 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CETLON.
Genus SPEIREDONIA.
Speiredonia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 272 (1818-25); Zutrage Exot. Scbmett. fig. 777 (1832);
Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1292.
Spiredonia, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 170 (1852).
Wings moderately broad : forewing elongated, triangular, costa somewhat
convex towards the end, apes pointed, exterior margin oblique and scalloped; cell
extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the
cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second and fourth at
one-fifth from base of third, fifth from end of cell and joined to third near its base by
a short spur ; discocellular slightly concave, bent close to each end, radials from the
angles; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths; submedian
slightly curved near the base : hindwing broad ; costa rather long, exterior margin
very oblique, convex, scalloped; cell extending to one-third the length; two subcostals
from end of the cell ; discocellular obliquely concave, radial from near lower end ;
two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-sixth ; submedian and internal
straight. Body stout ; palpi erect, laxly squamose, second joint reaching level of
vertex, in male, rather stout, third joint lanceolate, one-third length of second ; in
the female the second and third joints are more slender, the third being two-thirds
the length of second ; legs stout, thickly pilose, hind legs densely clothed beneath,
tarsi short in male, spurs long ; antennae setaceous.
Type, S. Feducia.
SPEIREDONIA RETRAHENS (Plate 164, Fig. 4, 6, var).
Speiredonia retraliens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1294 (1858).
Ommatophora albifascia, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 947 (1865) — Variety.
Speiredonia conspicua, Felder et Rogen. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 113, fig. 7 (1874) 9 .
Male and female. Dark purplish-ferruginous brown : forewing crossed by basal,
subbasal, and medial undulated paler ferruginous-bordered narrow black duplex
bands ; contiguous to the subbasal band is the small orbicular spot, and the medial
band joins the inner side of the quadrate pale bordered reniform mark, beyond which
is a blackish-grey incomplete ocellus, the ocellus with white-liued black outer border,
and the upper end being acutely bent between the radials and then extending
outwardly upward to the costa, the ocellus also being marked by a small white outer
dentate spot ; beyond is an outer discal blackish fascia, which is traversed by a pale
sinuous line, followed by a submarginal pale-bordered black sinuous Hue and a
marginal waved line : hindwing with a transverse discal acutely sinuous pale-bordered
duplex black line, a pale lined outer discal black fascia, submarginal pale-bordered
black sinuous line, and marginal waved line; a pale spot also at end of the cell.
The transverse bands on both wings bordered with bluish-grey fasciae in some lights.
OMMATOPIIORID^. H3
Body dark purplish-ferruginous brown ; collar, tegute, and abdominal bands slightly
darker and glossed with purplish-grey ; legs brown, with pale tarsal bands.
In some specimens (5'. alhifmcia, Plate 1G4, fig. G) both sexes have the medial
and discal lines, the mark over the ocellus, and the outer side of the discal fascia,
with its traversing sinuous line, more or less prominently bordered with purpurescent
greyish-white, and the transverse discal and submarginal lines on the hindwing also
prominently bordered with the same white colour.
Expanse, ^ 3, ? 2f inches.
SPEIREDONIA ZAMIS (Plate 164, Fig. 3).
Phalcma Noctua Zamis-, Stoll, Cramer's Pap. Exot. v. p. \G2, pi. 36, fig. 11 (1791).
Spiredonia Zaiids, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 171.
Differs from 8. retrahens in its smaller size, comparatively narrower wings, and
much paler colour. Male and female. Both wings with similarly disposed markings
having pale purpurescent ochreous-brown interspaces ; the outer discal transverse
area of forewing and the medial area of hindwing being conspicuously paler, and the
inner discal sinuous black line formed of siugle points — not duplex as in 8. retrahens.
Expanse, c? 2f , ? 2^ inches.
SPEIREDONIA FEDUCIA (Plate 164, Fig. 2).
Phalcena Noctna Feducia, Stoll, Cramer's Pap. Exot. v. p. 160, pi. 36, fig. 3 (1791).
Speiredonia Feducia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 272 (1818-25); Gayer, Hiibn. Zutr. Exot.
Schmett. 38, 389, fig. 777-8 (1832) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1292.
Spiredonia Feducia, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 171.
Sericea parvipennis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1279 (1858).
Male and female, Purphsh ferruginous-brown : forewing crossed by basal,
subbasal, and medial undulating narrow black pale ferruginous-bordered duplex
bands, the subbasal band enclosing the orbicular spot, and the medial band the
reniform mark, adjoining which is a white-lined black-bordered incomplete ocellus,
which has either a purj^lish-grey or pale ferruginous centre with whitish speckles, and
above which is a contiguous lunular white-lined black streak curving upward and
ending in a paler line on the costa; beyond this is an outer discal pale-lined blackish
sinuous fascia, a submarginal row of short linear black spots, and a marginal wavy
line : hindwing with a transverse pale-bordered black sinuous discal Hue, an outer
discal pale-lined blackish fascia, submarginal linear black spots, and marginal hue,
the interspace between the fascia and submarginal spots clouded with purplish-grey ;
a small pale spot also at end of the cell. Body, and legs dark ferruginous-brown.
Expanse 2 to 2j inches.
144 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus SERICIA.
Sericea, Guonee, Noct. iii. p. 172 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1295.
"Wings comparatively shorter and broader than in Speiredonia ; venation very-
similar, except in the forewing the fourth subcostal branch is emitted at one-half
from base of the third, and in the hindwing the lower median at one-fourth before
end of the cell ; third joint of the palpi also longer in both sexes.
SERICIA ANOPS (Plate 164, Fig. 7).
Sericia amps, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 173 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1296.
Dark purplish-brown, glossed with violet-blue in some aspects : forewing with a
transverse basal, subbasal, medial, discal, and submarginal pale-bordered black
sinuous lines, the discal line running close to the medial from the base and then
irregularly curving outward beyond the end of the cell ; a black orbicular spot, and
a pale centred oval reniform mark ; a marginal row of small pale spots : hindwing
with a transverse waved discal pale-bordered black sinuous line, and a submarginal
lunular line, and a marginal .row of pale spots. Thorax with dark bands, abdomen
glossed with bluish-black.
Expanse 2i to 2f inches.
Genus PATULA.
Patula, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 176 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1299.
Wings large, woolly at the base : forewing very broad, triangular, costa much
arched towards the end, apex pointed, exterior and posterior margin being of about
equal length, the former deeply scalloped ; cell short, less than one-third the length ;
first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid,
third at a short distance from base of second, and fourth at one-half from base of
third, fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching third close to its base;
discocellular inwardly oblique, bent in the middle and close to each end, radials from
the angles ; middle median at one-fourth before end of the cell, lower at more than
one-half ; submedian straight, with a short slender spur from below the base :
hindwing in male with the costal border broadly folded over on to the upperside
from base to near end of upper median ; beneath the fold is a glandular patch of
densely packed, extremely fine and delicate long silky filaments ; exterior margin
broadly scalloped ; cell short, reaching only one-fourth the length, the upper end
abbreviated to half its length ; costal and subcostals very short, ascending to the
border of the fold before the middle, the subcostals being wide apart at their base,
and each ending in a slender thread on the extreme costal edge ; discocellular very
oblique, bent acutely inward near upper end, the radial from below the angle ; two
upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein
OJ/J/.l TOPIIORIDJE. 145
straight : hiudwiug in female very broad, exterior margin deeply scalloped ; cell one-
fourth the length ; veins in their normal position ; two subcostals from end of the
cell ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial and upper median from end of the cell,
middle median at one-fifth, and lower at two-fifths. Thorax very stout, woolly;
palpi vertical, first and second joints laxly squamose, second joint reaching level of
vertex, third joint slender, linear, two-thirds length of second ; antennge long, slender,
setaceous ; legs long ; femora pilose beneath, fore and middle tibise spincd, spurs long.
PATULA MACEOPS (Plate 164, Fic. 5, <? ).
PhaliTna Attacus inacrops, Linnreiis, Syst. Nat. VI ed. iii. p. 225 (1768).
Argiva macrops, Hiibner, Vcrz. bek. Scbmett. p. 272.
PatuJa macrops, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 177; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xiv. p. 1300.
Nocttia Bubo, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 114, pi. 171, fig. A, b, ^(1779); Fabricius, Spec. Ins. ii. p. 209
(1781); Mant. Ins. ii. p. 135; Eat. Syst. iii. 2, f. 9.
Erebus inacrops, Donovan, Ins. China, pi. 44, fig. 1, § ; Sulzer, Ins. p. 160, pi. 22, fig. 2,(5'.
Purplish ferruginous-brown, in some aspects purplish greyish-brown : forewino-
crossed by a black basal, subbasal, antemedial, medial, and a discal zigzag line, each
line dilated at tbe costal end ; contiguous to the latter line is an irregular undulating
angulated blackish fascia, followed by an outer discal row of black linear spots disposed
in an undulating series, the middle spots in some specimens being somewhat bent :
at end of the cell is a very large rounded black-bordered ferruginous ocellus, which is
crossed within its outer area by a curved black-streaked band, the upper part being
dilated inward and traversed by an angulated bluish-white line, the lower part
marked by three bluish-white speckled dentate streaks ; the upper end of the middle
transverse line curved outside the ocellus : hindwing with the costal border folded
over on to the upper side, the fold containing a dense mass of long pale yellow
delicate silky filaments ; crossed by a medial and a discal sinuous lunular line,
followed by a broader but paler fascia, and an outer discal row of four linear spots,
these spots on some specimens being somewhat bent. Female with somewhat paler
outer border to the angulated discal line, the discal line of the hindwing being also
broader and more dentated than in the male, and the outer discal row of linear spots
composed of seven in the series. Thorax with blackish bands.
Expanse 5 to 5^ inches.
Genus ARGIVA.
Argiva, Hiibner, Verz. bck. Scbmett. p. 272 (1818-25); Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 178 (1852) ; Walker,
Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1301.
Wings ample: forewing broad, triangular, costa arched towards the end, angular
at the apex, exterior margin slightly oblique, denticulated, posterior angle convex ;
cell short, extending only one-fourth the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third
VOL. III. U
146 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
before end of the cell, second at one-eiglith, trifid, tlnrd at one-tenth from base of
second, and fourth at one-half from liase of third, fifth from end of cell and joined to
third at its base; discocellular inwardly oblique, concave, bent at each end, radials
from the aujjles : middle median at one-fifth before end of cell, lower at one-half ;
submedian straight : hindwing in male narrow, triangular, exterior margin short, very
oblique, and with three broadly scalloped angles ; base of the costa folded over on to
the upper side for a short distance and slightly inflated, and covering a glandular
patch of short compactly disposed silky filaments ; cell very short, distorted, costal
and subcostal erect, discocellular short, also erect, radials ascending close to costal ;
median branches emitted together close to base, upper branch curved upward to
margin close to radial, middle branch extending to apex of the wing, and lower branch
to the middle ; submedian and internal veins wide apart. Female : hindwing broad,
exterior margin convex, denticulated ; veins in their normal positions ; two subcostals
from end of cell ; cell extending one-fourth the length ; discocellular concave, radial
and upper median from end of cell, middle median from close to end, lower at nearly
one-half ; submedian and internal straight. Body moderately stout, abdomen smooth,
not extending beyond hindwings ; palpi ascending, first and second joints compressed,
laxly squamose, third joint long, very slender, nearly as long as second; antennae
long, slender, setaceous; legs rather long, slender, slightly pilose, fore and middle
tibise slightly spinous ; spurs long.
Type, A. hieroglyphica.
ARGIVA HIEROGLYPHICA (Plate 16,5, Fig. 2, 2a, $ ?).
Phalmna Noctua hkro</li/plnca, Drury, Exot. Ins. ii. p. 3, pi. 2, f. l,^ (1773) ; Donovan, Ins. Ind. pi.
54, fig. 2.
Noctua hieroglyphica, Fabricius, Eut. Syst. iii. 2, p. 11.
Argiva hieroglyphica, Hiibnei-, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 272 ; Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 179 ; Walker, Catal.
Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1302.
Erehus hieroglyphica, Westwood's Edit. Drury, Ins. ii. 3, pi. 2, f. 1, (? .
Phal. Noct. Hermonia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 119, pi. 174, fig. e (1779), $.
Phal. Noct. Mygdonia, ih. fig. f (1779), $ .
Noctua Ulula, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. ii. p. 211 (1781) ; Mant. Ins. ii. p. 136; i:nt. Syst. iii. 2, p. 211.
Male. Violet-brown ; crossed by numerous short very indistinct blackish-
brown strigce : forewing with the strigte darkest and confluent across the subbasal
and discal area, thus more or less forming broad indistinct fascite; with a more
distinct subbasal transverse sinuous line, and an oblique medial line, the latter
curving upward and outward, forming a large ocellus beyond the cell, from the lower
median to the subcostal, and broadly inward to below end of the cell, the end being
dilated and bilobed, the dilated end also liaving a purplish-ferruginous centre and
O-1/.l/.l TOPIIORIDyE. H7
bluish-white bordered line ; obliquely before the apes is a narrow recurved bright
deep yellow sti'eak, which is sometimes broken in the middle, and thus forms two
shorter recurved streaks : hindwing immaculate. Body dark violet-brown, palpi and
legs paler.
Female. Olivaceous umber-brown, with more distinct and pale-bordered strigte :
forewing with similar transverse darker fasciEe, sinuous lines, and ocellus ; the obhque
subapical streak being broader and creamy-white, beyond which is a submarginal
series of ill-defined blackish dentate spots with slight whitish centres, the spot
between upper and middle median being large and prominent : hindwing with the
short black strigJB forming a darker irregular medial and discal fascia, the interspaces
of the striga3 bordering the discal fascia being more or less pale brownish-white ;
beyond is a more or less ill-defined indistinct submarginal zigzag fascia composed of
the confluent strigiB. Body olivaceous umber-brown.
Expanse 3 to 3^ inches.
Genus NYGTIPAO.
Nyctipno, Hiibner, Vorz. bek. Schmett. p. 271 (1818-25); Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 181 ; Walker, Catal.
Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1303.
Male and female. Wings ample : forewing broad, elongated, triangular ; costa
convex, apex pointed, exterior margin very slightly oblique, acutely denticulated ;
cell short, extending one-third the length, broad at the end ; first subcostal emitted
at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-tenth fi'om
base of second, and fourth at more than half from base of third, fifth from end of
the cell and touching third close to its base; discocellular concave in the middle,
bent at each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from close to end of the
cell, lower at one-third ; submedian slightly curved from the base, and with a short
spur from below the base : hindwing triangular, exterior margin acutely denticulated ;
cell very short, extending to only one-fifth the length ; costal and subcostals in
normal positions in both sexes ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
concave, radial and upper median from end of the cell ; middle median from close to
the end, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout,
abdomen smooth, not extending beyond the hindwings ; palpi very long, vertical,
compressed, first joint pilose, second joint laxly squamose, third joint linear, obtuse
at the tip and nearly as long as the second ; antenna3 long, finely ciliated in male,
setaceous in female ; legs stout, femora pilose beneath, hind tibise laxly pilose, spurs
long, fore and middle tibiaj slightly spined in front.
Type, N. crepuscularis.
u 2
148 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
NYCTIPAO CREPUSCULARIS (Plate 165, Fig. 1, la,<^?).
Phalana Attacns crepuscularis, LinniBUS, Mue. Lud. Ulr. p. 378 (1764) ; Syst. Nat. x. p. 509 (part) ;
Clerck, Icones, pi. 53, f. 3, 4 ; Seba, Thes. Mas. iv. pi. 20, f. 2, 3 ; Drury, 111. Ex. Ins. i. p. 39,
pi. 20, f. 1, 2; Ciamer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 98, pi. 159, f. a.
Noctna cre-pusmJaris, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. ii. p. 211 ; Mant. Ins. ii. p. 136; Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 13.
Erebus crepuscularis, Duncan, Exot. Moths, p. 196, pi. 25, fig. 1.
Nyctipao crepuscularis, Guenee, Noct, iii. p. 182; Walker, Catal. Lap. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1304.
Nyctipao ephesperis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmutt. p. 272.
Male. Dark umber-brown : forewing with a transverse subbasal indistinct
blackish pale-bordered undulated line, a medial black slightly angulated line extending
outward from beyond middle of the costa, which is convexly angled in crossing the
discocellular area beyond the cell, and is then continued vei'y obliquely to near base
of the posterior margin, the upper portion of the line forming the outer border of
the ocellus, which is completed on the inner side by a broad ferruginous-brown pale-
bordered black-lined lunate mark with lower bilobed end, the lower end being also
traversed with a slender blue-white line, and streaked with black in front ; bordering
the medial line the area is broadly pale brownish-ochreous, thus forming a prominent
elbowed band, the upper end of which is almost white ; this is followed by a transverse
discal slender pale black-bordered lunular undulated line, the broad outer border
being traversed by a sulimarginal irregular-angulated zigzag series of whitish-
bordered black recurved streaks, and a prominent dentate spot before the apex, the
outer margin of the wing being pale umber-brown : hindwing with the broad pale
brownish-ochreous band crossing near the base, followed by a pale-bordered black
line, beyond which is the discal pale-bordered black line, and the submargiual
irregular pale-bordered angulated zigzag black line, the broad outer margin of the
wing being pale umber-brown ; outer edges of the discal and submargiual lines
fringed with greyish hairy scales. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above umber-brown ;
abdomen brownish-ochreous, the base pale cinereous.
Female. Greyer brown, sometimes of a more ochreous-brown ; marked as in
male, except that the forewing has the medial elbowed line narrowly bordered with
white below the angle, the discal line being also prominently white and denticulated ;
the submarginal line and apical spot also whiter. On the hindwing the subbasal band
and bordering line is whitish, the discal line very prominently denticulated with
purplish -white, and the submarginal irregular zigzag line broadly fringed with
purplish-grey hairy scales. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above greyish-brown,
abdomen paler, the base greyish-white.
Expanse 3^ to 4 inches.
HYPOPYRIDJE. 149
Family HYPOPYRIDiE.
Imago of moderate size or soraewliut large. "Wings rather broad, alike in
mai'kings, their underside red or ochreous, with black bands : forevving acute, and
often falcate at the apex. Body robust ; palpi most often long, more or less ascend-
ing; antennas long, serrate or simple. {Gueiice.)
Genus SPIRAMA.
Spirama, Giienee, Noct. iii. p. 194 (1852).
Spiramin, Walker, Catal Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1318 (1858).
Speiredonia (part), Hiihner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 272.
"Wings moderately broad, velvety : forewing elongated, triangular, costa arched
towards the end, apex angular, exterior margin very slightly oblique and convex ;
cell extending nearly half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end
of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second, and
fourth beyond one-half from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and touching
third close to its base ; discocellular concave in the middle, bent near each end,
radials from the angles ; middle median from angle near end of the cell, lower at two-
fifths ; submedian slightly recurved from the base : hindwing short, exterior margin
convex ; cell less than one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ;
discocellular concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of
the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight ; abdominal margin
in male longitudinally folded between the submedian and internal vein, the fold
containing a glandular tuft of fine long erectile hairs. Body stout, abdomen smooth,
cylindro-conical ; palpi vertical, first and second joint stout, laxly squaniose, second
reaching to middle of the eyes, third joint slender, lanceolate, one-third length of
second ; antenna long, minutely serrated and ciliated in male, setaceous in female ;
legs stout, femora pilose beneath, spurs long,
Tifpe, S. retorta.
SPIRAMA C0H.5;RENS (Plate 165, Fig. 3, 3n, 5 ?).
Spirama cohcerens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1321 (1858).
Male. Ohvaceous greyish-brown, in some aspects violaceous greyish-brown,
darkest towards the base : forewing with an indistinctly defined subbasal, medial,
and a discal transverse blackish line, each line angled outward below the costa,
followed by two less distinct submarginal denticulated lines ; at the end of the cell
is a black-lined retort-shaped mark, which is white lined on its outer side ; middle of
the upper radial and lower subcostal vein also black lined : hindwing with obsolescent
traces of discal and submarginal lines. Underside of wings uniformly brown, with
150 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
tlii-ee outer transverse slightly darker bands. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs dark
brown ; abdomen with broad continuous dorsal purplish-black bands, tip, sides and
beneath, and fringe of legs vermilion.
Female. Olivaceous ochreous-brown, tinged with violaceous-brown in some
lio-hts : forewing with a transverse oblique pale ochreous-centred blackish subbasal
band, which is confluent with a shorter band below the cell ; a curved discal black
line, followed by a shorter similar lino ; a prominent black pale-bordered retort-
shaped mark, a discal sinuous line with pale outer border, the two latter crossed by
the black-lined upper radial and lower subcostal veins ; beyond are two submarginal
blackish waved lines, followed by two marginal sinuous lines ; a subapical whitish
longitudinal streak extending from the lobe of the retort-mark, and the two upper
subcostal veins are also subapically lined with white : hindwing wdth two black
medial transverse bands, a pale-bordered discal sinuous line, a prominent black pale
outer-bordered submarginal band, followed by a slightly waved outer submarginal
line and two sinuous marginal black lines. Thorax, base of abdomen, head, palpi,
and legs olivaceous ochreous-brown, with a blackish-brown band in front of thorax
and across the tegula3 ; abdomen vermilion, with black dorsal bands. Underside
vermilion-red, with three narrow outer transverse blackish bands, a discocellular
spot, and a marginal row of dentate spots.
Expanse 2| to 3 inches.
SPIRAMA HELICINA (Plate 165, Fig. 4, ■ia,^ ?)■
Speiredonia Helicina, Hiibncr, Zutrage, S:niiml. Exot. Schraett. iii. 14, 219, fig. 437-8 (182o), 5.
Spirama Helicina, Giieiiee, Noct. iii. p. 197 (1852).
Spiramia Helicina, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1320.
Male. Smaller and of a darker colour than 8. coJurrens : forewing with a pale-
bordered more distinct black subbasal angled line, and more prominent discal
sinuous line, followed by four outer sinuous lines : hindwing also with more distinct
blackish transverse medial and three outer bands.
Female also smaller than S. colicerens, much paler : forewing with a more
prominent pale-centred subbasal band, with broader outer confluent band below the
cell ; the retort-mark, discal bands, and submarginal lines w^ith much paler borders :
hindwing also with more prominent and paler-bordered black medial bands, discal
line, and the submarginal band with a distinctly formed sinuous outer border,
followed by a sinuous line, and the two outer sinuous lines. Body similar to
;S'. cohmrens. Underside similarly coloured ; with the inner and outer blackish band
broader.
Expanse 2^ to 2 J inches.
IIYrOPYi;iDyE. lol
Genus HYPOPYRA.
Hypopijrn, Gucnec, Noct. iii. p. 198 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lop. ITot. B. M. xiv. p. 1322.
Maxilla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxili. p. 1096 (18()5).
Wings broad : forewing triangular, costa almost straight, apex slightly produced
and falcate, exterior margin convex in the middle; cell extending about two-fifths
the length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second
about one-eighth, trifid, third at one-fifth from base of second, fourth at two-thirds
from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and touching third at its base ; disco-
cellular concave, bent at each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from
close to end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian recurved from the base :
hindwing short, triangular, exterior margin convex ; cell one-third the length ; two
subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, concave, radial from close to
lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian
and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout, abdomen smooth, tapering
towards the tip in male, cylindro-conical in female ; palpi ascending, second joint
rather broad and reaching the vertex, compressed, laxly squamose, third joint
lanceolate, half length of second ; second and third joints more slender in female :
antennae rather thick, ciliated ; legs stout, pilose, spurs long.
Type, H. unistrigata.
HYPOPYEA PALLIDA (Plate 166, Fig. 1, la, $ g ).
Ilypopyra pallida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 26.
Male. Similar to H. vespertilio. Much paler in colour : forewing with the
subbasal transverse fascia less curved ; oblique medial lines darker, the contiguous
and outer sinuous fascias more distinct, and the marginal lunular line less defined ;
three prominent small black spots encircled by greyish-white, and an indistinct
discocellular lunule : hindwing with two distinct brown medial lines, and a duplex
contiguous sinuous line with black points, two distinct outer sinuous fascias, and a
marginal luniilar brown line.
Female. Much paler than the same sex of H. vespertilio; the markings
indistinct : forewing with three small indistinct black-centred grey-bordered spots,
and slender discocellular lunule.
Expanse, i 2f, 2 3 inches.
Genus CYCLODES.
Cyclodcs, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 27 (1852).
Beregra, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1315 (1858).
Forewing elongated, triangular, costa almost straight, apex pointed, exterior
margin oblique, slightly convex and moderately scalloped ; cell long, extending to
132 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
half the length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell,
second at one-fourth, trifid, third at one-fourth from base of second, and fourth at
one-fifth from base of third ; fifth from end of the cell and touching third near the
base ; discocellular inwardly oblique, concave in middle, bent close to each end, radials
from the angles ; middle median from angle near end of the cell, lower at one-third
before the end ; submedian recurved from the base, and with a lower vein emitted
from its base and joining it at one-fourth its length : hind wing short, broad, triangular ;
apex very convex, exterior margin slightly scalloped ; cell extending to about one-
third the length ; two subcostals emitted from end of the cell ; discocellular convex,
radial from below the middle; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-
third ; submedian recurved from the base, internal vein straight. Body very stout,
thickly clothed ; palpi vertical, first and second joints stout, laxly squamose, second
joint reaching to level of the vertex, third joint clavato, one-fourth length of second
in male, and nearly of same length as second in female ; antennas extremely long,
simple ; legs stout, slightly pilose, spurs long, tarsal spines stout.
CYCLODES OMMA (Plate 160, Fig. 7, ? ).
Erebus Omma, Van der Hoeveii, Tijil. voor Nat. Gescli. vii. p. 281, pi. 7, fig. 7, a, h (1840;.
Gydodes Omma, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 27 (1852).
Beregra replenens, Walker, Catal. Lep. liet. B. M. xiv. p. 1315 (1858).
Male and female. Forewing senescent olivaceous-green basally, the outer border
pale violaceous-grey and numerously speckled with violet-brown scales ; crossed by
an antemedial dark violet-black pale-bordered lunular duplex line, which encloses a
round jet-black ring across middle of the cell, the ring being slenderly interlined
with silvery-blue ; a violet-black angulated medial fascia, two discal pale-bordered
denticulated fines, followed by two outer pale-bordered angulated incomplete fascia,
and a marginal lunular line : hindwing violaceous greyish-brown, tinged with
olivaceous externally; crossed by a recurved discal greyish-white bordered violet-
brown line, followed by a metallic-blue speckled short black fascia from the anal
angle, beyond which the outer border is greyish-white, and traversed by a black
slender interciliary line ; a violet-brown streak ascends obliquely above the recurved
discaUine. Body asnesceut olivaceous-green, violaceous-grey in some aspects; thorax,
and base of abdomen dorsally, wdth violet-brown bands ; palpi oHvaceous ; forelegs
with olive-brown bands.
Expanse 2j to 2| inches.
Genus ENTOMOGRAMMA.
Entomngramma (Sect. 1), Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 203 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1330.
Wings short, broad : forewing slightly convex towards the end, apex pointed
and slightly falcate, exterior margin convex and shghtly undulating; cell extending
EYPOPYPdnJE. 153
to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second
at one-fifth, trifid, thu'd from near base of second and fourth at four-fifths from base
of third, fifth from end of the cell and touching third close to its base ; discocellular
concave, radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle near
end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian recurved from the
base : hindwing very broad, exterior margin convex, abdominal margin long ; cell
one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave,
radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at two-
fifths before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderate ;
abdomen slender in male; palpi ascending, second joint reaching vertex, rather
broad, compactly squamose, third joint lanceolate, half length of second ; antennae
long, ciliated ; legs long, fore femora and tibijB densely pilose, middle and hind
femora slightly pilose beneath, hind tibias rather long, spurs long,
Tyj)e, E. fautrix.
ENTOMOGRAMMA POSTSTRIGARIA.
Entomogramvia poststrigavia, Walker, Catal. Lep, Het. B. iM. xxxiii. p. 949 (1865), (?•
" Male, Brownish-cinereous. Wings narrow, rather long ; marginal festoon
black : hindwing with an exterior testaceous brown-bordered slightly undulating
line, which is accompanied on the inner side hindward by a deep black streak.
AntennEe stout, broad, not more than half length of the body ; abdomen extending
very little beyond the hindwings.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker fi'om specimens in Mr, B. L. Layard's Collection,
Genus TARAMINA.
Untomogramma (Sect. 2), Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 204 (1852).
Wings similar in form and venation to typical Entomogramma. Differs in the
male having the antenna3 thick at the base, dilated, contorted, and flattened in the
middle of its length, its inner side being strongly pectinated to two-thirds of the
length, and the outer side minutely pectinated from the contortion; antennsB in
female setaceous ; legs long, fore femora and tibiae densely pilose, middle and hind
femora slightly pilose beneath, hind tibia3 shorter and thicker than in E. fautrix,
spurs long.
TARAMINA TORSA (Plate 166, Fig. 2, $ ).
Entomogramma torsa, Gnonee, Noct. iii. p. 204 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1331.
Entomogramma squamicornis, Felder et Rogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 116, fig. 3 (1874), (?.
Lilacine ochreous-grey : forewing with a t ransverse inwardly oblique slender
blackish antemedial, and a medial line, followed by a pale ochreous-bordered brown
VOL, III. x:
154 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
discal line, each line elbowed outward below tbe costa ; from the base to apex extends
a pale ochreous-bordered brown subcostal line ; at end of the cell is a blackish ovate
spot ; between the middle and outer line is a pale-bordered blackish denticulated lines
and a less defined similar hne also along the submargin, both of these hnes being
more distinct in the female : hindwing with a medial transverse slender blackish line,
a discal pale ochreous-bordered brown line, and an intermediate inner and outer
denticulated line ; a slender pale ochi'eous interciliary line also on both wings.
Thorax in front with a brownish-ochreous band ; palpi, and legs above greyish.
Expanse, <5 2|, q 2 inches.
Genus ORTOSPANA.
Ortospana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 950 (1865).
" Allied to Hypopyra. Male : wings ample : forewings falcate, convex along the
costa ; exterior border nearly straight, rather oblique : hindwings broad, subcaudate.
Body moderately stout ; proboscis short ; palpi compressed, vertical, rising a little
higher than the vertex, second joint pilose in front, third joint linear, acute at the
tip, less than half length of the second ; antenna slightly pectinated, serrated towards
the tip ; abdomen long, lanceolate, not extending as far as the hindwings ; legs
rather short."
ORTOSPANA CONNECTENS.
Ortospana connectens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 950 (1865).
"Male. Testaceous: forewings pale ochreous, very slightly speckled with
black, with opaline reflections from the reniform mark to the submarginal line ;
testaceous-white between the latter and the ext^-eme border; a reddish slightly
undulating line interrupted by the reniform mark; a few slight exterior brown
marks; submarginal line brown, straight, oblique, obsolete towards the costa;
orbicular and reniform marks pale yellow, the former punctiform, the latter very
large and narrow in front, slightly excavated on the outer side : hindwings luteous,
yellow with an opaline lustre exteriorly; a very irregular brown partly reddish
submarginal band, which is interUned hindward and accompanied by a marginal
white line ; a few black speckles. Underside of forewings with two large brown
transverse marks: hindwings with two short transverse brown lines towards the
interior border. Palpi brown on the outer side.
" Expanse 25 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
BENDIDj^. 155
Family BENDIDiE.
Wings robust, often broad, alike in colour and markings : forewing acute at
the ajDex : hindwing angular. Body moderately stout, palpi ascending, apex generally
long and linear ; antennce slender, rarely pubescent. (Guenee.)
Larva cylindrical, half-looped; with sixteen legs, the first middle pair being
imperfect ; two dorsal pointed tubercles on twelfth segment.
Genus HULODES.
Ilulodes, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 207 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1334.
Bendis (part), Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 269.
Wings moderately large, broad : forewing triangular, much arched towards the
end ; apex acute, exterior margin oblique, slightly scalloped, posterior angle convex ;
cell extending to one-third the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end
of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second, and
fourth at three-fifths from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and joined by a
short spur to third near its base ; discocellular inwardly oblique, deeply concave in
the middle, radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle
close to end of the cell, lower at about one-half before the end ; submedian almost
angular near the base and with a slender vein extending from below the base to the
angle: hindwing short, broad; exterior margin sinuous, slightly angular in the
middle ; cell extending to one-third the length ; two subcostals on a short footstalk
beyond end of the cell ; discocellular deeply concave, radial from near lower end ;
two upper medians from end of the cell, lower about one-third; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body stout, thorax densely clothed, abdomen pointed at the
tip ; palpi ascending, second joint stout, curved, laxly squamose, reaching level
of the eyes, third joint in male very short, conical, in female slender, one-third
length of second ; antennae simple, slender ; legs stout, most densely clothed with
woolly tufts, base of fore and middle tarsi tufted above, and hind tarsi tufted to
tip in male, naked in female, spurs long.
Ty^ye, H. Caranea.
HULODES CARANEA (Plate 166, Fig. 3, 3a,(J ? ; 167, Fig. 6, larva).
PhalcBna Noctua Caranea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 140, pi. 269, fig. e, f (1782), ^ .
Bendis Caranea, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 269.
Hulodes Caranea, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 208; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1335.
Pale umber-brown, sparsely speckled with minute dark brown scales : forewing
with indistinct traces of a blackish-speckled zigzag lunular transverse subbasal line,
and a similar medial line ; a constricted ochreous-yellow reniform mark, and a
blackish orbicular punctiform spot. Male. Both wings with a pale brownish-grey
X 2
156 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
marginal border, the inner edge of which is straight, clearly defined, and bordered by
a slender brownish hne ; a row of small black marginal points. Female. Both wings
with a discal faintly paler fascia, and with two straight dark brown submarginal
lines, the inner line most prominent, the outer border being of the same colour as
the other parts. Body, head, palpi, and legs pale umber-brown.
Expanse 2f to 3j inches.
Larva semi-looped, with sixteen legs, the first middle pair imperfect ; with two
pointed tubercles on twelfth segment. Adult stage before pupating : colour olive-
green above, paler beneath, with darker speckles, and a dorsal and lateral band of
confluent blackish speckles ; stigmata black ; some greyish-white blotches along the
back and sides. Pupa red.
" Feeds on Acanthads." [Thwaites.)
Family DYSGONIIDiE.
Ophivskhv, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 220 (18o2); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1343.
Imago of moderate size, or often large : forewing acute at the apex, occasionally
subfalcate. Palpi ascending ; antenniB of male never pectinated, often crenulate,
with fine sette. (Chienee.)
Larva elongated, semi-looped, attenuated at the extremities ; with sixteen legs,
the first pair and sometimes also the second pair of middle legs being rudimentary ;
generally with two acute dorsal tubercles on twelfth segment. Pupa formed among
living leaves.
Genus SPHINGOMORPHA.
Bphingomcrpha, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 220 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1344.
Forewing elongated, triangular, rather narrow; apex pointed, exterior margin
very oblique and slightly scalloped ; cell narrow, long, extending half the length ;
first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid,
third at one- fifth from base of second, and fourth at one-half from base of third,
fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching third close to its base ; discocellular
inwardly oblique, concave, radials from upper end and close to lower end ; middle
median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths; submedian almost
angular near the base and emitting a short slender lower spur from the angle :
hindwing short, broad, exterior margin slightly scalloped, angular in the middle, cell
extending nearly half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
outwardly oblique, concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from
end of the cell, lower at one-fifth ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body very
stout, woolly, tegulaa pointed ; abdomen long in male ; palpi stout, vertical, second
DYSGONIIDyE. 157
joint curved, reaching vertex, smootlily squamose, third joint long, slender ; antennse
stout, ciliated in male ; legs long, femora and tibite densely pilose in male, tarsi very
long, spurs long.
Type, S. Chlorea.
SPHINGOMOEPHA CHLOREA (Plate 167, Fig. 4).
Phalcena Noctua Chlorea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 12, pi. 104, fig. c (1779).
Sphingomorpha Chlorea, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 222 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1345.
Sphingomorpha Sipyla, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 222 (1852), pi. 21, fig. 4.
Dark umber-brown : forewing with numerous transverse pale bro-wnish-ochreous
bordered blackish strigte ; crossed by a zigzag subbasal white-bordered black line,
an undulated medial line, and a black-bordered pale brownish-ochreous sinuous line ;
reniform mark slender, curved, black lined and pale bordered ; a pale-bordered black
recurved longitudinal streak from upper end of the reniform, and above which are
two whitish-bordered black lunules ; a pale-bordered streak also at the apex : hind-
wing blackish umber-brown, with a pale brownish-ochreous transverse medial fascia,
which is broadest in the female; a narrow apical band, and a broader subanal band,
the latter with blackish strigce ; cilia at the apex and anal angle pale brownish-
ochreous. Body above dark umber-brown, with a pale brownish ochreous-white
dorsal band extending from front of the head to end of the abdomen, and crossed
by narrow segmental brown bands, the sides, and body beneath, with the femora and
tibife, pale brownish-ochreous ; tarsi dark brown with pale bands ; base of palpi
blackish-brown.
Expanse 2^ to 2f inches.
Genus THYAS.
Thy as, Hiibner, Samm. Exot. Schmett. ii. pi. f. 1, 2 (1820-26).
Lagoptera, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 223 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1350.
Bendis (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 269.
Wings moderately large, strong, elongated ; costa almost straight, apex acute,
exterior margin slightly oblique, convex hindward ; cell extending to nearly half the
length ; first subcostal emitted about one-half before end of the cell, second at one-
seventh, trifid, third at one-fourth from base of second, and fourth at one-half fi'om
base of third, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular convex, bent near each end, radials
from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at nearly one-
half; submedian recurved, from the base, and with a slender short lower recurved
veinlet : hindwing broad, short, apex and exterior margin very convex ; cell extending
one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular very oblique,
convex, lengthened outwardly, radial from below the middle ; the middle median
from angle close to end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian slightly I'ecurved,
138 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CETLON.
and in the male with a fringe of long hairy scales along its entire length beneath ;
internal vein straight ; between the submedian and internal vein is a lengthened fold
on the iipperside, containing long silky erectile radiating hairs. Body very stout ;
thorax broad ; tegulse long and pointed in male ; palpi stout, compactly squamose,
second joint long, curved, reaching vertex ; third joint very short, thick and conical
in male, long and slender in female ; antennae ciliated in male, simple in female ; legs
very stout, femora and tibiae densely clothed with short woolly hairs beneath, hind
femora and tibise entirely covered in male ; spurs long.
Type, T. houesta.
THYAS HONESTA (Plate 167, Fig. 2).
Tliyas honcsta, Hiibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett. ii. Index, p. 4, pi. fig. 1, 2 (1820-26).
Lagoptera honesta, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 224 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1352.
1 Noctua microrhiva, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 17 (1794).
Forewing yellowish-ferruginous or purplish-ferruginous, sparsely flecked with
black scales ; crossed by an outwardly-oblique antemedial very indistinct ferruginous-
red white-speckled sinuous line, and an inwardly- oblique postmedial similar line, the
points of each line being most distinctly white speckled ; a white-speckled blackish
sinuous line curving prominently from the apex and ending indistinctly at the
posterior angle ; a marginal row of black points ; across the disc between the two
lines is a pale zigzag fascia, and on the outer border are two erect purplish-grey
fascia ; orbicular spot punctiform, greyish-white ; reniform mark pi'ominent greyish-
white, constricted or broken, and more or less centred with jet black : hindwing
vermiUon-red, with a medial discal black wavy-bordered pyriform spot, below which
are some grey and black speckles. Thorax, head, and palpi yellowish-ferruginous
or purplish-ferruginous ; palpi tinged with vermilion beneath ; fore and middle
femora above, and all the tarsi dark hoary-grey, hairs beneath red ; abdomen
vermilion-red.
Expanse 3| to 3f inches.
THYAS CORONATA (Plate 167, Fig. 1 ; 166, Fig. 5, larva).
Noclua coronata, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 596 (1775).
Noctua leonina. Fabricius, id. p. 596.
Noctua ancilla, Fabricius, Eut. Syst. iii. 2, p. 17 (1794).
Corycia 7nagica, Hiibner, Zutrage, Samml. Exot. Schmett. iii. 32, 268, fig. 535-6 (1825).
Lagoptera magica, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 225 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1352.
Forewing purplish ferruginous-brown, numerously flecked with minute black
scales ; crossed by an outwardly-oblique pale-bordered dark brown waved subbasal
line and a similar antemedial line, an inwardly-oblique postmedial line with a slightly
denticulated inner border, the two latter lines joining along the posterior margin ; a
DYSGONIIDyE. 159
recurved submarginal line, and a marginal row of black points; from tlie costa
between the two inner lines, and also between the outer lines, tlie ground colour
of the wing is clouded with darker brown ; orbicular spot composed of a small
rounded brown ring with an ochreous greyish-white centre ; reniform mark large,
either entirely black and bordered by an ochreous greyish-white line, or broken up
into seven or eight white-lined black spots; sometimes both the orbicular and
reniform are obsolescent, or defined only by the brown outer line, in others they
both have an olive-grey centre : hindwing dark yellow, with an inner and outer discal
broad black band, both directed and tapering towards the anal angle. Thorax, head,
palpi and legs above, purplish ferruginous-brown ; tarsi greyish-brown ; abdomen
dark yellow, with black dorsal bands.
Expanse 2| to 3^ inches.
Adult larva elongated, half-looped ; with sixteen legs, the first middle pair
aborted and unfit for walking ; head large ; a pair of short black dorsal tubercles
on eleventh and twelfth segments ; colour dull sienna-brown, longitudinally striped
with blackish-brown ; a blackish spot on back of ninth segment, and a yellowish-
bordered lateral spot on sixth segment ; under surface blackish-brown ; legs testa-
ceous-yellow ; head striped with black. Pupa purplish-black.
"Feeds on Quisqualis indica."
Genus MINUCIA.
Ascalapha,* Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806).
Ophiodes,-\ Guenee, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x. p. 77 (1852); Noct. iii. p. 227; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het.
B. M. xiv. p. 1353.
Phoheria (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 267.
Pseudophia (part), Lederer, Noct. Eur. p. 200.
Ophiusa (Sect. B), Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 93.
Forewing rather long, costa almost straight, apex angled, exterior margin
slightly obhque and scalloped ; cell extending half the leng-th ; first subcostal emitted
at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, thud from very near
base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and
slightly touching third near its base ; discocellular bent in the middle and at each
end, radials from upper and lower angles ; middle median from angle close to end of
the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing longer
than broad, exterior margin convex and slightly scalloped ; cell extending one-third
the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, obhque
posteriorly, radial from near the lower end ; two upper medians from end of the
* Used by Fabricius in 1776 for a genus of Neuroptera.
t Used by Wagler in 1828 for a genus of Reptiles.
160 TEE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
cell ; lower at one-fifth ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout, thickly
clothed ; palpi stout, obliquely ascending, compressed, laxly squamose, second joint
reaching level of the eyes, third joint cylindrical, about half length of the second ;
antennfB simple, minutely ciliated ; legs rather long, femora very pilose, middle and
hind tibi« minutely spined, spurs slender.
Tijpe, M. lunaris.
MINUCIA DISCRIMINANS (Plate 166, Fia. 4).
Ophiodes discriminans. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1358 (1858).
Male and female : forewing pale brownish-ochreous, brightest coloured externally ;
indistinctly speckled with a few brown scales ; transverse lines nearly obsolete, being
indicated only by an indistinct postmedial recurved series of speckled-brown lunules,
and a less distinct submarginal zigzag row, the latter ending at the upper end in two
brown-speckled white lunules and a few brown speckles from the apex; a marginal
row of indistinct brown points ; an indistinct orbicular ring-dot and a faintly defined
reniform mark : hindwing pale ochreous-yellow, with a broad dusky black outer
discal baud, which is broadest in the female. Thorax and head pale brownish-
ochreous, abdomen ochreous-yellow ; palpi and tarsi greyish-brown.
Expanse 2| inches.
MINUCIA PRTJNICOLOR (Plate 167, Fig. 3).
Male : forewing purple brown, slightly purplish-grey at the base and on the
outer border ; very sparsely speckled with darker brown scales ; crossed by an
indistinct brown outwardly-oblique antemedial line, and an inwardly-oblique curved
postmedial line, both Hues joining on the posterior margin ; a dark brown submarginal
duplex line, the inner border of which is strongly defined, diffused, and forming a
darker fascia ; a very slender brown sinuous marginal line ; orbicular defined by
a brown dot, reniform mark slender, indistinctly brown : hindwing pale brownish-
ochreous, with a broad dusky brown discal band. Thorax and head purple-brown ;
palpi and legs dull brown ; abdomen brov^nish-ochreous.
Female : forewing darker coloured, with the antemedial and postmedial line
more distinctly defined.
Expanse, c? 2, ? 2| inches.
MINUCIA TRAPEZIUM.
Ophiodes trapezium, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 231 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1360.
Ophisma cognata, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 958 (1865).
Male : forewing pale olivaceous ochreous-yellow, slightly suffused with purplish-
ochreous, the outer border also being purplish-brown ; very sparsely speckled with
minute brown scales ; crossed by an outwardly-oblique antemedial slender brown
DYSGONIIDJE. 161
line, and a curved waved inwardly-oblique postmedial line, followed by a dark brown
submarginal duplex line, and a marginal slender sinuous line ; a browu orbicular dot,
and well-defined dark-centred reniforin mark : liiudwing very pale brownish-ochreous,
with a broad dusky brown outer discal band, and a well-defined brown sinuous
marginal line. Thorax and head olivaceous ochreous-yellow, palpi and tarsi greyish-
brown ; abdomen very pale brownish-ochreous.
Expanse 2j to 2-| inches.
Genus OPHISMA.
Ophisma, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 236 (1852^; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1367.
Plat'jja et Dysgonia (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 268-9.
Wings broad: forewing triangular, apex acute, subfalcate, exterior margin even,
oblique ; cell long, slightly more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted about
one-third before end of the cell, second at one-eighth, trifid, third at one-fourth from
base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell
and joined by a short spur to third near its base ; discocellular inwardly oblique,
concave, bent at each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle near
end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian slightly curved ; hindwing short, apex
very convex, exterior margin slightly angular at end of lower median vein; cell
extending two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower
from about one-fourth ; submedian and internal straight. Body stout ; palpi
ascending, rather stout, fusiform, laxly squamose, second joint reaching level of the
eyes, third joint very short, conical ; antenna3 setaceous ; legs stout, femora and tibite
pilose beneath ; spurs stout.
Type, 0. gravata.
OPHISMA CIRCUMFERENS.
Ophisma circumfenns, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 956 (1865).
" Female. Fawn colour : forewings with brown hues ; interior and exterior
lines widely apart on the costa, converging from thence and united near the interior
border, which they do not reach ; submarginal line, straight, obhque, accompanied on
its inner side by a diffuse brown band ; hindwings dingy testaceous, with a broad
diffuse submarginal brown band, which is obsolete beneath. Abdomen and underside
testaceous ; third joint of palpi straight, lauceolate, about half length of the second.
" Expanse 24 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
VOL. III. ^
162 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus MACALDENIA.
Pcmpeda* Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 171 (1882).
Forewino- short, l)road; witli the costa slightly arched at the base and before
the end, apex acute ; exterior margin obHque, convex hindward ; cell short, less than
lialf the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell ; second at
one-fifth, trifid, the third from below second at one-sixth from its base above end of
the cell, fourth at one-sixth before the apex ; fifth from end of the cell and touching
third close to its base ; discocellular bent outward at each end, concave in the middle,
radials from the angles ; two upper medians from angles obhquelj below end of the
cell, lower at one-half before the end ; submedian slightly curved downward from the
base : hindwing short, somewhat quadrate ; exterior margin convexly-angular in
the middle; cell very short; costal vein nearly straight, extending to apex; two
subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from near its lower
end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ;
submedian and internal vein slightly recurved. Body stout; palpi ascending,
flattened, squamose, second joint long, third joint slender, two-thirds length of
second ; legs short, thick ; antennae simple.
MACALDENIA PALUMBA (Plate 168, Fig. 1, \a, $ q , IJ, larva).
Ilulodes palumba, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 211 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1337.
Pasipeda palumba, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 171 (1882).
Remigia colUfjens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1019 (1865).
Pale lilacine brownish-ochi^eous, sparsely speckled with minute brown scales :
forewing crossed by a very slender indistinct blackish basal incomplete zigzag line,
an erect antemedial line, and an outwardly-curved postmedial denticulated line, the
points of which are mostly apparent in the female ; beyond is a pale zigzag sinuous
line, and a marginal row of minute black points ; a brown-speckled reniform mark ;
the basal area from the postmedial hue suffused with pale purple : hindwing paler at
the base ; crossed by an indistinct black-speckled medial waved line, and a discal
wavy purplish-ferruginous fascia, which is posteriorly surmounted by a row of distinct
white lunvdes ; from the anal angle are disposed some brown lunules. Body, palpi,
and legs pale lilacine brownish-ochreous, minutely black-speckled.
Expanse If to If inch.
Larva semi-looped ; with si.xteen legs, the first middle pair aborted ; two dorsal
conical tubercules on twelfth segment ; colour brownish-ochreous above, olivaceous
beneath ; with dorsal longitudinal black-speckled streaks ; sides also black-speckled ;
* Used by Walker in 1858 for a genus of Lepidoptera.
DYSGONIIDyE. 163
a greyisli-wliite sublateral line bordered above by several piukish-grey spots ; liead
yellowish, speckled with black ; legs olivaceous. Pupa pinkish-black.
"Feeds on Citrus decumanus." {Tlmailes.)
Genus ACH^A.
Achaa, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 269 (1818-2o) ; Gueii. Noct. iii. p. 244 ; Walker, CaUil. Lep.
Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1389.
Wings broad : forewing triangular, apex acute, exterior margin oblique, almost
even ; cell extending half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end
of the cell, second at one-half, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second, and
fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and slightly
touching third near its base ; discocellular concave, radials from close to upper and
lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-
half ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, apex convex, exterior margin convexly
angular ; cell extending one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ;
discocellular outwardly-oblique, concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper
medians from extended end of the cell, lower at one-fifth ; submedian and internal
vein straight. Body stout ; palpi moderately slender, ascending, squamose ; second
joint reaching level of the eyes, third joint lanceolate, one-third length of the second ;
antennas simple ; legs stout, pilose, hind tarsi pilose at the base, middle tibijB with
lateral spines, spurs long.
Type^ A. Melicerte.
ACH^A MELICERTE (Plate 168, Fig. 2, 2a, $ ? , 2h, larva).
Phalcena Nocttia Melicerte, Drury, Ins. i. p. 46, pi. 23, fig. I (1770) ; Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 62,
fig. C, D ; iv. pi. 323, fig. c.
Acltcca Melicerta, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 269 ; Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 247 ; Walker, Catal. Lep.
Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1396.
Noctxia tigrina, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. p. 218 (1781); Eut. Syst. iii. 2, p. 40.
Male : forewing cinereous-brown, washed with violaceous-grey in some lights ;
sparsely speckled with darker brown scales ; crossed by a more or less defined pale
cinereous-bordered black basal costal line, an outwardly-oblique antemedial line, and
two discal curved wavy lines, the inner one being indistinct, followed by a submargiuai
darker brown fascia traversed by a pale sinuous line, the inner portion of the fascia
being somewhat suffused with ferruginous-brown, and ending on the costa in a paler
subapical patch ; reniform mark defined by an upper and lower black dot ; in some
specimens the area between the medial and inner discal line is lilacine white, and the
latter colour also sometimes pervades the outer margiu : hindwing dusky black,
cinereous towards the base ; with a greyish-white transverse medial band and three
quadrate marginal spots.
Y 2
164 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Female : forewing generally more uniformly darker cinereous-brown, and with
more or less defined transverse lines : laindwing as in male. Thorax, head, palpi,
and leo-s above, cinereous-brown ; abdomen cinereous.
Expanse 2 to 2\ inches.
Adult larva elongated, slender, half-looped ; with sixteen legs, the first pair of
middle legs aborted ; two dorsal red tubercles on twelfth segment ; colour bluish-
grey, numerously speckled with bluish-black ; a lateral and a sublateral yellowish
band, with an intervening bluish-grey line; spiracles and forelegs red; a dorsal
black stripe bordered by reddish-white spots between fifth and sixth segments ; head
black striped. Pupa formed within a leaf.
"Feeds on castor oil plant, Biciims communis." (Thwaites.)
ACH.a:A SERVA (Plate 169, Fig. 4, 4o, ^ q, 4i, larva).
Noctua scrva, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 593 (1775).
Noctaa vulpina, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 39 (1794).
Noctua mercatoria, Fabricius, id. p. 62 (1794).
Achaa mercatoria, Gueiiee, Noct. iii. p. 246 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1396.
Phal. Noctna melicerte, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 323, fig. D, e.
Acha:a Ino, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schraett. p. 269 (1818-25).
Male : forewing brownish-ochreous, washed with violaceous-grey in some
aspects; crossed by indistinct brown sinuous outwardly-oblique basal, antemedial,
and discal duplex lines, followed by a slight brown submarginal fascia; a black
punctiform orbicular spot, and ill-defined reniform mark; cilia ochreous-white :
hindwing dusky black, ochreous cinereous-brown at the base; with a transverse
medial greyish-white band, and three more or less defined quadrate marginal spots,
the anal spot being somewhat ochreous.
Female : forewing crossed by distinct black-speckled lunular sinuous lines, and
an incomplete submarginal fascia ; orbicular spot and reniform mark : hindwing as in
male. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above brownish-ochreous, abdomen ochreous
cinereous-brown.
Expanse 2 to 2^ inches.
Larva elongated, semi-looped : with sixteen legs, first middle pair aborted ; two
dorsal ochreous tubercules on twelfth segment. Colour varied pale and dark
violaceous and olivaceous-grey ; numerously covered with dark violet-brown speckles ;
spiracles black ; two violet-brown dorsal spots on fifth segment; head violet-brown
in front ; legs olive-grey. Pupa deep purple-brown.
" Feeds on the castor oil plant, Bicinus communis." (Thtvaites.)
DYSGONIIDyE. 165
ACH^A MEZENTIA (Plate 169, Fig. 1,^).
Phalcena Noctua mezeniia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 70, pi. 323, fig. v (17S2).
Noctua mezentina, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 41 (1794).
Achcea mezentia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 269 ; Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 248 ; Walker, Catal. Lep.
Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1397.
Sypna lugcns, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. JI. xxxiii. p. 938 (1865), 5.
Male and female : forewing blackish-brown, crossed by basal, medial, and discal
sinuous black lines, wliich are broadly interspaced and bordered with either pale
ochreous or cinereous-gi'ey speckled fascice ; a similar speckled curved apical patch ;
a dark brown punctiform orbicular spot, and a reniform mark ; a marginal row of
black-tipt white points : hindwiug dusky black, tinged with blue at the base ; witli
a large broad cinereous-white apical band. Thorax and head dark brown, speckled
with cinereous scales ; palpi and legs above cinereous-brown ; abdomen dark brown,
tinged with blue.
Expanse If to 2f inches.
ACH.ffiA REVEESA (Plate 169, Fig. 2,^, 2a, larva).
Achcea reversa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1399 (1858), ?.
Male and female : forewing dark brown, numerously covered with uniformly
disposed cinereous-grey speckles ; crossed by an indistinct blackish discal sinuous
line, and a marginal row of black-tipt white points : hindwing dusky black, tinged
with blue ; with a broad cinereous-white apical band. Body dark brown ; thorax,
head, palpi, and legs above, grey-speckled ; abdomen tinged with blue.
Expanse 2^^ to 2|- inches.
Larva elongated ; with sixteen legs ; two yellowish dorsal pointed tubercles on
twelfth segment ; colour olivaceous-grey, with a paler lateral band, pinkish beneath ;
numerously covered with slender black longitudinal lines ; head yellowish, with
slender black marks ; legs pinkish. Pupa purplish-black.
" Feeds on Carthium." {Tlmaites.)
This may be a varietal form of yl. mezentia.
ACH^A COMBINANS (Plate 169, Fig. 3).
AchcBa combinans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1399 (1858).
Male and female : forewing violet-])rown ; crossed by faintly defined glaucescent
fasciEe ; a sHghtly darker brown orbicular dot and reniform mark ; a pui'plish-
ochreous apical costal patch, which is excavated below the tip : hindwing violet-
brown, with a broad bright yellow transverse apical baud. Body, palpi, and legs
above, violet-brown ; legs with pale yellow bands.
Expanse, (? If , 2 1| inch.
166 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
Genus SERRODES.
Sen-odes, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 251 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1402.
Foi-ewing elongated, triangular ; costa arched towards the end, apex pointed,
exterior margin oblique, scalloped ; cell extending to half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-
sixth from base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of
the cell and joined to third by a short spur near its base ; discocellular bent in the
middle and close to each end, radials from upper and lower angles ; middle median
from angle near end of the cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian much recurved from
the base : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex, scalloped ; cell one-third
the length : two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from
near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ;
submedian and interval straight. Body very stout, abdomen tufted at the base,
long in the male, and with a divergent anal tuft ; palpi ascending, laxly squamosa,
second joint stout, reaching level of the eyes, third joint hnear, one-fourth length of
the second in male, one-half in the female ; antennas stout, setaceous ; legs stout,
both sexes densely pilose, middle and hind tibice thick, spurs long.
Ti/pe, S. Campana.
SERRODES CAMPANA (Plate 167, Fig. 5, ? , 5a, larva).
Sorodt's Campcma, Guenee, Noet. iii. p. 252, pi. 21, fig. 6 (1852), S ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M.
xiv. p. 1402.
Male and female. Umber-brown : fore wing with a black transverse outwardly
oblique short basal irregular augulated baud, an irregular angulated subbasal line
with a broad black costal end and a broad black triangular patch below the cell ; a
transverse discal duplex pale bordered line, which is bent inward at the costal end
and there terminates in a dilated black patch, the line being also outwardly diffused
with black, beyond which is an incomplete submargiual black-speckled zigzag fascia ;
a black punctiform orbicular spot and a large pale-bordered black reticulated reniform
mark, the area above the latter being ferruginous-brown, and the remaining portion
of the area between the subbasal and discal line being pale ochreous-brown, this
colour being also palest in the male : hindwing dusky brown, with a pale ochreous
curved discal slender fascia from the anal angle ; cilia at the apex and anal angle
also pale ochreous. Thorax and abdomen dusky brown ; collar, front of head, palpi,
and forelegs above ferruginous-brown.
Expanse 3 inches.
Larva thick, semi-looped, with sixteen legs ; two pointed dorsal tubercules on
twelfth segment ; colour bluish-grey, numerously speckled with black ; two pale pink
DYSGOXIIDyE. 167
lateral bands on middle segments ; a transverse dorsal irregular black streak ending
in a lateral spot on fifth segment, tlae streak being anteriorly bordered by yellow and
by a pale lateral spot, the latter spot being continued along the fourth segment ;
head yellowish, black speckled. Pupa thick, truncated in front, dark purplish-red.
Genus NAXIA.
Naxia, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 254 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. j). 1403.
Male and female: forewing short, broad, costa slightly arched, apex acute,
exterior margin very slightly oblique ; cell extending half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-eighth, trifid, third at one-
sixth from base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of
the cell and slightly touching third near the base ; discocellular inwardly oblique,
concave, bent at each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from close to
end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing
broad, somewhat quadrate, apex convex, exterior margin slightly angular at end of
lower median ; cell extending two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of the
cell ; discocellular concave, i^adial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end
of the cell, lower at one-fourth; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout;
palpi stout, ascending, second joint laxly squamose, reaching to level of the vertex,
third joint short, thick and conical in male, more slender in female ; antennse
setaceous ; legs stout, clothed in the male with dense woolly hair, base of posterior
tarsi also hairy.
Ty2Je, N. absentimaoula.
Larva elongated, slender; semi-looped; with the first and second pair of middle
legs imperfect ; two narrow dorsal tubercles on twelfth segment.
NAXIA ABSENTIMAOULA.
Naxia absentimacula, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 255 (lb52); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1404.
Male and female : forewing pale umber-brown ; crossed by an outwardly-oblique
slender lilacine-grey bordered darker brown subbasal line, an antemedial line, and
a medial line, the two former almost straight, the latter undulated, followed by a
similar inwardly-oblique discal line, which is also slightly undulated and angled
outward below the costa ; beyond is a submarginal indistinct pale-bordered sinuous
brown fascia with white-tipt points on the veins ; the transverse medial area, and
outer border is suffused with lilacine-gi^ey : hindwing pale dusky brown, with an
indistinct lilacine-grey discal band, and speckled fascice from anal angle ; cilia paler.
Body, palpi, and legs umber-bi'own.
Expanse 1| to 1-^ inch.
168 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
NAXIA CALEFACIENS (Plate 168, Fig. 3,^).
Naxia calcfaciens, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1405 (1858).
Male and female : forewing ferrugiuous-brown ; crossed by a slender lilac-
bordered brown subbasal line and an antemedial line, a more prominent medial
straio-bt inwardly-oblique line, wliicli lias a broadly diffused purplisb-lilacine white
inner border in the male, and is broadly bordered on both sides with lilacine-white
in the female ; a zigzag brown sinuous discal line, followed by the marginal lilacine-
white border; a punctiform white orbicular spot: hindwing dusky brown, with a
slender indistinct lilacine discal, subaual and marginal fascia. Cilia pale lilacine-
browu. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs brown ; abdomen greyish-brown, tarsi
blackish, with pale bauds.
Expanse, S 1|, ? 2|- inches.
Genus DELGAMMA.
Male : forewing narrower and more triangular in form than in typical Naxia ;
apex more acute, exterior margin very oblique, posterior margin short ; venation
similar, except that the submedian is very much more recurved : hindwing much
shorter, the costa much arched, smooth and nacreous along the upper side, exterior
margin not angular ; costal and subcostal anastomosed for a short distance from the
base of the cell ; subcostal branches recurved from end of the cell ; discocellular
extremely slender, concave, the radial and two upper medians diverging from a
foot-stalk half-way beyond end of the cell, lower median from immediately before
end of the cell ; submedian and internal vein straight, base of median and submedian
line with silky hairs above. Veins of the hindwing in the female in their normal
position. Thorax broad, frontal tuft pointed; abdomen attenuating to the tip;
palpi less robust, more laxly squamose, third joint longer, lanceolate ; legs slightly
pilose; antennce ciliated.
Type, D. calorifica.
DELGAMMA CALORIFICA (Plate 168, Fio. 4, 4a, <J ? ).
Naxia calorifica, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xIf. p. 1406 (1858).
Male and female. Purplish-brown : forewing washed with purplish-grey ;
crossed by an indistinct brown outwardly-oblique waved subbasal line, an antemedial
line, and a sharply defined inwardly oblique discal slightly denticulated blackish line,
which is outwardly bordered by a slender greyish-white line, followed by a sub-
marginal sinuous pale brown line ending in a dark brown curved apical spot ; a
marginal row of pale points ; a black punctiform orbicular spot, and a brown lunular
reniform mark ; the outer border from the discal line pale lilacine greyish-brown :
hindwing purplish-brown, the costal border pale cinereous-brown ; a sharply defined
DYSGONIID^. 169
greyisli-wliite bordered discal line, which is evanescent at the upper end, and is
bordered from the anal angle b}"- a short sinuous lilaciue-white and brown scaled
fascia, beyond which is a marginal row of whitish points. Body purplisli-brown ;
palpi and forelegs above dai-k olivaceous-brown ; middle and hiudlegs greyish-brown.
Expanse, $ If, 2 If inch.
Genus GARANILLA.
Male and female : forewing shorter, broader, and more triangular than in typical
Naxia; costa straight, apex very acute, exterior margin oblique and slightly convex :
hindwing short, more triangular, the exterior margin very oblique, and convexly
angular at the end of lower median vein. Venation similar. Body stouter, shorter ;
legs more laxly pilose ; palpi also more laxly clothed, and third joint longer; antenna;
thickly ciliated.
Tijpe, C. Onelia.
CARANILLA ONELIA (Plate 170, Fig. 1, ?, U, larva).
Naxia Onelia, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 258 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1404.
Ophiusa umbrosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 968 (1865).
Ophiusa obumbrata, Walker, id. p. 970.
Male and female : forewing violet greyish-brown ; crossed by inwardly-oblique
basal darker brown lilacine-grey speckled bordered wavy fasciae, a sharply defined
gi'ey-bordered straight medial fascia, a paler zigzag discal line, and a purplish-brown
bordered black undulated outer medial line, which end on the costa in a curved, outer-
angled, lilacine-grey patch, followed by a sinuous submarginal and a marginal lilacine-
grey speckled fascia, the cilia also being lilacine-grey : hindwing dusky brown,
lilacine-grey towards the base, and with a lilacine-grey discal, submarginal, and
marginal anal fascia, the latter including the cilia. Body violet greyish-brown ;
front of thorax, head, palpi, pectus, and fore femora above ochreous ; tibiae and tarsi
greyish-brown.
Expanse If to If inch.
Adult larva cylindrical ; with twelve perfect legs, the first and second pair of
middle legs aborted; colour greyish-white above, olivaceous-grey beneath; witli
black spots on each segment disposed almost in linear series ; a reddish lateral spot
on fifth segment ; front legs black. Pupa purplish-brown ; efflorescent.
" Feeds on Pkyllanihus." (Thivaiteti.)
Genus PINDARA.
Forewing broad, triangular; costa arched towards the end, apex acute, almost
falcate, exterior margin oblique, uneven, slightly convex hindward ; cell extending
half the length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell,
VOL. in. z
170 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-fourth from base of second, and fourth at
two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and joined to third by a
minute spur close to its base ; discocellular concave, bent close to each end, radials
from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-
half; submedian recurved: hindmng very broad, apex convex, exterior margin
angular below the middle, uneven ; cell extending one-third the length ; two sub-
costals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from near lower end ; two
upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal
vein slightly curved. Body very stout ; palpi ascending, laxly squamose, second
joint reaching to level of the vertex, third joint linear, pointed at the tip, one-third
the length of second in male, one-half in female; antennas setaceous; legs densely
clothed, hind tarsi hairy in male.
Type, P. illibata.
PINDARA ILLIBATA.
NocUta illibata, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 592 (1775) ; Mant. Ins. p. 212 (1787).
Hemerohlemma Peropaca, Hiibner, Zutrage Saniml. Exot. Sclimett. iii. 33, 271, flg. 541-2 (1825)
Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1242.
Ophisma Icetabilis, Gueoee, Noct. iii. p. 241 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M, xiv. p. 1380.
Wings violaceous umber-brown, suffused with lilacine-grey, which is most
prominent on the outer borders : forewing crossed by an outwardly-oblique short
subbasal and an entire antemedial pale ochreous-bordered brown line, and two
inwardly-oblique discal sinuous lines, followed by a less distinct submarginal zigzag
pale ochreous line; a pale ochreous minute punctiforra orbicular spot, and a
yellowish-ochreous reniform mark ; the outer discal sinuous line bordering a large
dark brown curved apical spot : hindwing duller coloured ; crossed by a lilacine-grey
discal line. Cilia greyish-ochreous. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs violaceous ochreous-
brown ; abdomen above violaceous-brown ; tarsi with pale ochreous bands.
Expanse 2^ to 2| inches.
Genus PSIMADA.
Psimada, "Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv, p. 1827 (1858).
Male and female : forewing elongated, rather narrow, costa almost straight,
apex obtuse, exterior margin very slightly oblique, convex in the middle ; cell long,
extending to more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before
end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-fourth from base of second,
and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and touching
third near its base ; discocellular very slender, slightly concave, radials from slight
angles at each end ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ;
submedian curved : hindwing short, quadrate, exterior margin angular in the middle,
DYSGONIID^. 171
abdominal margin short; cell extending half the length; two subcostals from end of
cell ; discocellular very slender, concave, radial fi'om lower end ; two upper medians
from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
moderately stout, palpi ascending, second joint squamose, extending above the vertex,
third joint long, nearly half length of second in both sexes ; antenna) in male stout,
flattened in the middle, minutely cihated, setaceous in female; femora fringed
beneath, middle and hind tibi« thick, laxly squamose, spurs long.
PSIMADA aUADRlPENNIS (Plate 170, Fig. 2).
Psimada quadripennis. Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1828 (18.58), ? .
Male and female : forewing lilacine ochroous-brown, darkest exteriorly ; crossed by
a very indistinct brown subbasal, a curved antemedial, and a sinuous postmedial line,
the two latter hues with an intervening slender waved fascia ; before the apex is a
dark chestnut-brown triangular costal spot, the outer side of which is bordered by a
pale ochreous-white line, this line being continued beneath in a submarginal series of
white pointed dots on the veins; a black puuctiform orbicular spot, and a very
indistinct brown reniforra mark : hindwing dark chestnut-brown, paling to lilacme
ochreous-brown at the base, and with a paler ochreous-browu marginal band
extending from the anal angle to the middle angle. Body ochreous-brown; front
of thorax, head, palpi, and legs above dark brown ; tibite and tarsi with a whitish
basal spot.
Expanse, ^ 1-|, ? H iiich.
Genus ANEREUTHINA.
Anereuthina, Hubuer, Zutrage Samml. Exot. Schmett. ii. 23, 163, f. 32o-6 (1823).
Hypatra, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 259 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1409.
Male and female : forewing elongate, costa almost straight, apex obtuse, exterior
margin nearly erect, very slightly convex ; cell extending to one-half the length ;
first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fourth,
trifid, third at one-fifth from base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of third,
fifth from end of cell and joined by a short spur to base of third ; discocellular bent
in the middle and near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle
close to end of cell, lower at nearly one-half; submedian curved at the base : hindwing
short; apex convex, exterior margin oblique, angular at end of lower median vem,
truncated and waved from the angle ; abdominal margin short ; cell extending one-
third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell, discocellular concave, radial
from near lower end; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third;
submedian and internal vein straight. Body very stout, short, frontal tuft projectmg
beyond the eyes; palpi obliquely ascending, second joint reaching vertex, compressed,
z 2
172 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
compactly pilose, third joint nearly half length of second, linear ; legs short, thick,
thickly pilose, spurs long ; antennge thick, finely setaceous.
Type, A. renosa.
Larva semi-looped ; with fourteen legs ; a conical dorsal prominence on the two
last segments.
ANEREITTHINA INCLUDENS (Plate 170, Fig. 6).
Avatha includens. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1107 (1857).
Hypmtra complacens, Walker, id. xiv. p. 1414 (1858), S.
Male : forewing ferruginous-brown ; crossed by a slender zigzag subbasal line,
a dark brown inner-bordered black angular antemedial line, a similar bordered
inwardly-oblique discal black line, which curves inward from the costa to upper end
of the cell and is prolonged narrowly outward beyond lower end of the cell, to which
it returns and then descends to the posterior margin, the curved outer space in front
of the cell being black; the inner area between the antemedial and discal lines
speckled with whitish scales, and including the black orbicular spot ; a few transverse
indistinct brown strigaa, some whitish speckles partly along the veins, a zigzag cluster
below the apex, and a dot at base of the wiug : hindwing dusky brown, with two
slightly paler fascise from anal angle ; cilia at apex and anal angle whitish. Body
ferruginous-brown ; thorax with a black spot in front and one on each side ; palpi
blackish at the base ; tarsi blackish, with pale bands.
Expanse 1-| inch.
ANEREUTHINA EXPECTANS.
Achaa expectans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. sv. p. 1827 (1858), ?.
Female : forewing cinereous-brown, with short black speckles ; subbasal and
antemedial line obsolete ; a black discal line, which is indented and prolonged at end
of the cell ; a submarginal zigzag line formed by prominent black speckles ; middle
of the wing and outer border clouded with dark brown ; a white dot at base of the
wing : hindwing dusky brown, with two paler fascite from anal angle ; cilia at apex
and anal angle whitish. Body cinereous-brown ; thorax with three black spots in
front ; palpi blackish at the base ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse If inch.
ANEREUTHINA DIVISA.
Hypmtra divisa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 963 (1865).
" Male. Ochraceoua : forewings pale fawn colour ; exterior line black, undulating,
much bent outward in front, obsolete near the costa ; exterior space ferruginous-
brown, paler towards the exterior border, but darker than the interior part \
submarginal line blackish, diffuse, undulating, very indistinct ; a ferruginous-brown
DYSGONIID^. 173
black-bordered patch in the interior part, joining the interior border, and excavated
on the outer side; two ochraceous marks on the costa; marginal points black;
reniform mark indicated by a black point : hindwings cinereous, brown towards the
exterior border ; fringe testaceous.
" Expanse 13 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of ^Nlr. B. L. Layard.
ANEREUTHINA FEONTALIS (Plate 170, Fic. 3).
Opkiusa frontalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1434 (1858).
Forewing pale ferruginous-brown, with numerous transverse black-speckled
sinuous strigae, which imperfectly form continuous transverse lines ; a blackish
triangular patch at end of the cell ; a black punctiforra orbicular spot ; hindwing
dusky brown, with two paler fascige from anal angle ; cilia at apex and anal angle
whitish. Body pale ferruginous-brown ; thorax with a black spot in front and one
on each side ; legs ferrugiaous-brown, with pale bands ; palpi blackish at the base.
Expanse If inch.
ANEREUTHINA CONDITA (Plate 170, Fig. 5).
HypiTtra condita, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1413 (18.58), 3.
Male : forewing ferruginous greyish-brown, with a short basal costal black streak,
a broad antemedial transverse black band, which is straight on its outer edge and
dilated on the inner edge ; at end of the cell is a black irregular-shaped patch, which
is excavated in the middle on its inner edge, and is connected by a slender line to the
costal margin ; on the outer border is a submarginal sinuous brown line ; middle of
the wing crossed by two pale brown sinuous lines; orbicular spot puuctiform, black;
base of wing and across the disc clouded with purplish-brown : hindwing pale Ijrown,
with darker outer border, traversed by two anal marginal sinuous whitish fasciae ;
cilia at apex and anal angle alternated with white. Body ferruginous greyish-brown ;
legs with pale bands.
Expanse Ij inch.
ANEREUTHINA TRIGONIFERA (Plate 170, Fig. 7).
HypcBtra trigonifera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1411 (1858), ?.
Female : forewing greyish feiTuginous-brown, transversely flecked with darker
brown ; crossed by a black subbasal sinuous line, a recurved antemedial line, a discal
line curving from the costa to end of the cell and thence bent outward beyond its
lower end ; exterior border with a submarginal zigzag ferruginous-brown incomplete
fascia ; the inner area, the borders of the middle lines, and their inner area more or
less ferruginous-brown; a triangular black patch on the angled area of the discal
174 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
line ill front of tlie cell, and a black patch from tlie inner line below the cell ; a
slight blackish orbicular spot, and a white dot at base of the wing : hindwing dusky
brown, with two slightly paler fasciaa from anal angle ; cilia at apex and anal angle
whitish. Body greyish ferruginous-brown ; three black spots on front of thorax ;
palpi blackish at the base ; legs with pale bands.
Expanse If inch.
ANEREUTHINA CURVIFERA (Plate 170, Fig. 4).
HypcBtia curvifera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1412 (1858), J.
Male. Dark purplish ferruginous-brown, transversely flecked with indistinct
blackish strigfe ; crossed by an indistinct blackish subbasal sinuous line, a recurved
autemedial line, and a discal line which is deeply angulated at end of the cell ; the
interspace and outer borders of the two latter lines clouded with darker brown ; an
indistinct black orbicular spot, and a white dot at base of the wing : hindwing dusky
brown, with two paler fasciaa from anal angle ; cilia at apex and anal angle whitish.
Body dark blackish ferruginous-brown ; thorax with a black spot in front and one
on each side; palpi black at the base; legs with pale bands. Female: forewing
uniformly darker brown ; the discal line only indistinctly visible ; the outer margin
flecked with zigzag disposed pale strigaa : hindwing as in male.
Expanse, S If, ? 1| inch.
Genus ANSA,
Ansa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1731 (1858).
" Male. Wings moderately broad : forewings straight along the costa, nearly
rectangular at the tips, slightly denticulated and moderately oblique along the
exterior border. Body stout ; palpi long, porrect, second joint slightly pilose, hardly
curved, third joint linear, somewhat shorter than second ; antennae hardly creuulated,
with very fine setse ; thorax with elevated tegulge ; abdomen slightly crested at the
base ; legs stout, very densely tufted with long hairs."
ANSA FILIPALPIS.
Ansa filipalpis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1731 (1858),t?.
'* Male. Black, varied with ferruginous ; cinereous beneath : forewings ferru-
ginous, speckled with black, and with numerous transverse undulating and denti-
culated black lines ; submarginal points black, with pale marks : hindwings cinereous.
Abdomen cinereous.
" Exjjanse 16 lines."
DYSGOKIID^. 17,5
Genus DYSGONIA.
Dysgonin, Hiil-iner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 269 (1818-25).
Ophiusa* (part), Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. j). 93 (1816) ; D.alil ; Trcitschke ; Boisil. Meigen ;
Duponchel.
Ophiusa, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 2G3 ; "Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1418.
Hemachra (part), Sodoffsky.
Grammodes (part), Leilerer, Noct. p. 199 (1857) ; Standinger, Catal. Eur. Lep. p. 137 (1871).
Forewing elongate, triangular, ape.x acute, exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell
extending half the length ; first subcostal at about two-fifths before end of the cell,
second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-fifth from base of second, fourth at two-third.'^
from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and joined to third by a minute spur near
its base ; discocellular slightly concave, bent close to each end, radials from the angles ;
middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at beyond two-fifths ; submedian
slightly curved: hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex; cell extending two-
fiftlis the length ; first subcostal from angle immediately before end of the cell ;
discocellular very slender, concave, radial from near lower end ; middle median from
angle immediately before end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal
vein straight. Body stout ; abdomen smooth ; palpi vertical, moderately stout, laxly
squamose, second joint reaching the vertex, third joint short, linear, nearly one-third
length of second ; antennte slender, very minutely ciliated ; legs moderately stout,
slightly pilose beneath, tibisB thickish, spurs stout.
Type, D. Algira.
DYSGONIA JOVIANA (Pi,.\te 170, Fig. 9, Qa, larva).
Phalmna Noctua Joviana, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 237, pi. 399, fig. n (1782).
Noctua Joviana, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 42.
Noctua sinuata, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. ii. p. 145 (1787).
Dystonia Jovis, Hiiboer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 269 (1818-25).
Ophiusa Myops, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 265 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1428.
Male and female : forewing violet greyish-brown ; crossed by a pale-bordered
black subbasal short line, an inwardly-curved antemedial line, followed by a pale-
bordered deep brown broad discal band, which is curved on its inner edge and
triangulated on its outer edge, and from its upper angle extends a recurved subapical
deep brown streak, the costal edge above it being marked by pale dots ; below the
streak is a submarginal series of more or less distinct black points, each point ending
in a white-speckled streak along the veins, the black points being most distinct on
• Ochsenheimer divided his genus Ophiusa into three sections : A, b, c. Hiibner in 1818-25 (Verz.
p. 267), and Stephens in 1830 (lUust. iii. p. 125), used it for section A qxi\y = {Toxocampa, of Guenee in
1852). This action of Hiibner's and Stephens' consequently restricted the genus Ophiusa to the species
of section a.
17G THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
the median veins : bind wing dusky brown, with a slender pale brownish-grey
transverse discal, a short subanal, and a marginal greyish-speckled fascia; cilia
greyish-white below apex. Body, palpi, and legs violet ■ greyish-brown ; tarsi with
pale bands.
Expanse 1 1 to If inch.
Larva elongated ; with fourteen perfect and two rudimentary legs, the second
pair though perfectly formed are much smaller than the others ; two red dorsal
tubercles on twelfth segment ; colour bluish-grey above, yellowish beneath ; sparsely
spotted with black ; a sublateral larger spot also on fifth segment ; head greyish-
white, spotted with black ; forelegs black ; middle legs reddish. Pupa purplish-
black, covered with white efflorescence.
" Feeds on Phyllanthus melanthesia." (T]nvaites.)
DYSGONIA ARCUATA (Plate 171, Fm. 3).
Ophiusa arcuata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 609.
Oplnusa Joviann, Giieuee, Noct. iii. p. 269 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1429 [nee Cramer).
Male and female : forewing violet greyish-brown ; crossed by a pale-bordered
l)laek subbasal short line, an outwardly angularly-curved antemedial line, the inner
area from which to the base of the wing is deep brown, followed by a pale-bordered.
deep brown discal band, the inner edge of which is curved, and the outer edge
acutely angulated on the upper radial, and there connected to a dark brown sinuous
apical streak ; below the angle also is a slight brown submarginal sinuous fascia with
white-speckled points on the veins : hindwing dusky brown, with an indistinct pale
brownish-grey transverse discal fascia, a short subbasal and a marginal speckled
fascia. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above dark brown; tarsi with pale bands;
abdomen dusky brown.
Expanse If to 2 inches.
DYSGONIA STUPOSA (Plate 171, Fig. 7).
Noctua stnposa, Fabiicius, Eut. Syst. iii. 2, p. 42 (1793).
Ophiusa stuposa, Gueaee, Noct. iii. p. 271 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1429.
Phal. Noctua achatina, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 14.5, pi. 273, iig. e (1782), nee .Siilzer.
Ophiusa feslinat a, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1432 (1858).
Male and female : forewing pale violet greyish-brown ; base of wing to the
outwardly-curved antemedial pale-bordered line dark brown ; medial transverse band
pale violet greyish-brown, with its outer edge gradually merging into the dark brown
of the discal band ; outer edge of the discal band triangulated, pale bordered, the
upper angle being contiguous to the dark brown apical sinuous streak; along the
submargin is an indistinct pale slender sinuous line with whitish points ; a slight
DYSGONIIDyi:. 177
brown lunular spot at end of the cell ; base of wing with an indistinct pale short
transverse costal line : hiudwing dusky brown, with a slender white discal band,
and an anal marginal grey-speckled band ; cilia whitish at the apex. Body greyish-
brown, tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse If to 1|- inch.
DYSGONIA FULVOT^NIA (Plate 171, Fig. 1).
Ophiusa fulvotcenia, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 272 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1431.
Forewing dark purplish violet-brown or olivescent-brown, with a broad medial
transverse slightly outwardly-curved more or less pale purplish flesh-coloured band,
which is slightly speckled with brown scales ; a similar coloured outer marginal band
with inwardly curved border, which is traversed hindward by a slight brown sinuous
streak ; the margins of the bands are sharply defined by a pale-bordered black line ;
the discal band being crossed by a pale-bordered curved subapical line, the colour
above which is somewhat paler ; a blackish speckled lunular spot on the pale band
at end of the cell : hiudwing brownish-black, with a broad ochreous-yellow transverse
medial band, and a slight ochreous-brown marginal fascia, the latter being marked
by a black subanal spot surmounted by an ochreous-white streak. Body, head, palpi,
and legs violet-brown ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse 2^ to 2f inches.
DYSGONIA CRAMERI (Plate 171, Fig. 2).
Phalmna Noctua Acliatina, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 171, pi. 288, f. a (1782"), nee Sulzer.
Ophiusa Achatina, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 272 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1430.
Male and female : forewing very dark olivescent-brown, with a broad outwardly
obhque slightly contracted medial purpurescent-white band, which is thickly speckled
with brown scales ; outer marginal border of the wing broad, pale purpurescent-
brown, with its inner discal edge undulated, the veins with lilacine streaks ; the
discal brown band cut by a whitish oblique subapical line : hindwing dusky brown,
with a broad transverse medial whitish band, an outer marginal cinereous-brown
fascia, including the cilia, and a subanal black spot which is surmounted by a white
streak. Body, palpi, and legs dark brown.
Expanse 2 to 2\ inches.
DYSGONIA DISCALIS (Plate 171, Fio. 8).
Forewino- with the basal area dark brown ; a broad medial transverse lilacine-
white band, which is slightly speckled with brown scales ; discal band broad, defined
by a pale-bordered brown line, of the same shape as in B. Crameri, its entire area
being of a pale purplish-lilac colour; the apical patch above dark brown; outer
VOL. III. ^ ^
178 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
margin paler brown : bindwing dusky brown, with a whitish discal band, cinereous-
bi^own marginal fascia and cilia, and a subanal white-streaked black spot. Body,
palpi, and legs brown.
Expanse 2 to 2i inches.
DYSGONIA ALBIVITTA (Plate 171, Fig. 4).
Ophhisa albivitta, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 271 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1430.
Male and female : f orewing with the base and discal band dark bronzy olivescent-
brown, the medial transverse band broad, pale brownish-white, and with distinctly
defined curved borders, the discal brown band broad, with its outer border pale lined
and angled outward below the apex, and also convexly angular between the upper
and middle medians ; outer margin of the wing violaceous greyish-brown with paler
lined veins, and a marginal row of minute black dots ; a pale-bordered black apical
sinuous streak : hindwing dusky brown, with a well-defined white medial band, and
a cinereous-brown marginal anal fascia; cilia also cinereous-brown. Body, palpi,
and legs above dark brown.
Expanse If to 2 inches.
DYSGONIA SIMILLIMA (Plate 170, Fig. 8).
Ophiusa sImilUma, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 266 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1428.
Male and female : forewing cinereous-brown, crossed by a pale-bordered black
angular basal line, a slightly undulated outwardly-oblique antemedial line, and an
inwardly-oblique discal line angulated outwardly below the costa and deeply undulated
hindward ; at the apex is a black spot, followed by a pale-bordered black subapical
dentate mark, below which is a submarginal brown sinuous fascia with whitish points
on the veins ; and between the lower median and submedian is a marginal black
point; the antemedial and discal line both with broad blackish-brown inner borders,
the latter being traversed by a parallel black line : hindwing brown, with two pale
testaceous short fasciae from the anal angle; cilia at apex and anal angle pale
testaceous. Body brown ; legs with pale tarsal bands.
Expanse \\ inch.
DYSGONIA LUTEIPALPIS.
Ophiusa lutcipalpls. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxsiii. p. 968 (1865).
" Female. Cinereous-brown : forewings with the four liues brownish, denti-
culated ; middle line diffuse ; submarginal line indistinct ; an irregular brown spot
by the costa between the exterior and submarginal lines : hiudwings a little darker
than the forewings; lines indistinct above, more distinct beneath; abdomen and
DYSGONIIDJE. 179
underside more cinereous. Palpi vertical, rather long, pale luteous; third joint
linear, conical at the tip.
" Expanse 20 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. B. L. Layard.
Genus GRAMMODES.
Grammodes, Gaenee, Noct. iii. p. 275 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1440.
Parallelia (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 269.
Grammodes (part), Lederer, Noct. p. 199.
Leucanitis (part), Lederer, id. p. 198.
Forewing somewhat elongated, triangular ; cilia broad ; cell extending more
than half the length; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell,
second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching thii'd near
its base ; discocellular inwardly-oblique, concave, bent near lower end, radials from
upper end and lower angle ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at
two-fifths ; subraedian slightly curved : hindwing broad, exterior margin convex ;
cell more than one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
very slender, bent in the middle, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians
from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal vein straight.
Body moderately stout ; palpi rather thick, apex reaching the vertex, laxly squamose,
third joint short ; antennge simple ; legs stout, long, femora pilose beneath, spurs long.
Type, G. geometrica.
GEAMMODES AMMONIA.
Phalcena Noctua Ammonia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 98, pi. 250, fig. d (1782).
Grammodes Ammonia, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 278; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1443.
Forewing purpurescent greyish-brown ; crossed by an inwardly-oblique ante-
medial and a postmedial black-brown band, both of which end in a slender line from
the subcostal ; the intervening space between the two bands below the subcostal vein
being ochreous-white, the outer border of the postmedial band also margined by an
ochreous-white line, followed by a submarginal angulated black fascia : hindwing
greyish-brown, with a medial transverse brownish-white band, the outer margin
broadly grey-speckled ; cilia at the apex and anal angle also brownish-white. Body,
palpi, and legs above greyish-brown.
Expanse 1|^ to If inch.
Genus CHALCIOPE.
Chalciope, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 268 (1818-25).
Grammodes (part), Guunee ; Walker.
Forewing short, triangular ; cilia broad ; cell extending half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth
A a —
180 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
from end of cell and slightly touching third near its base ; discocellular inwardly-
oblique, convex, radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median from
angle close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half ; submedian recurved : hindwing
short, broad, exterior margin convex; cilia broad; cell extending one-third the
length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave,
radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fifth ;
submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout, thorax laxly clothed ;
palpi ascending, thick, second joint reaching vertex, squamose, third joint short,
thick, conical ; antennge simple ; fore and hind legs and middle femora thickly pilose,
middle tibiiB thick, compactly pilose, spurs long.
Type, C. Mygdon.
CHALCIOPE MYGDON.
Phalcena Noctua Mi/gdon, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 94, pi. 156, fig. g (1779).
Chalciope Mygdon, Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 268.
Granwwdes Mygdon, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 278; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1441.
Forewing pale purpurescent greyish-brown ; with a very dark brown oblique
basal band, and a triangular discal band, the two bands being divided by an
outwardly-oblique narrow brownish-white band, the discal band also having a slender
brownish-white border on its upper and outer margin ; a dark brown oblique streak
from the apex, below which is a marginal row of black-tipt pale points : hiudmng
pale brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above dark brown ; abdomen pale brown.
Expanse If to If inch.
Genus FODINA.
Fodina, Gnenee, Noct. iii. p. 274 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1437.
Wings broad, velvety ; cilia long : forewing triangular, acute at the apex, exterior
margin oblique, even, slightly convex; cell extending nearly half the length; first
subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third
at one-eighth from base of second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth
from end of cell and joined to third for a short distance near its base ; discocellular
concave, bent at each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close
to end of cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian curved : hindwing short, broad, exterior
margin uneven, couvexly angular at end of lower median ; cell short, broad ; two
subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, concave, bent near lower
end, radial from angle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third ;
submedian and internal vein straight. Body somewhat slender, thorax short, tegul«
also short; abdomen smooth, slightly crested at base; palpi compressed, obliquely
ascending, rather long, second joint extending half beyond the eyes, laxly squamose.
DYSGONIIDyE. 1«1
third joint lanceolate, acute at tbe tip, two-thirds length of second ; antennae
minutely ciliated ; legs rather long, femora slightly fringed beneath, spurs long,
slender.
Type, F. Oriolus.
rODINA STOLA.
Fodina Stola, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 275 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1439.
Forewing with a broad blackish-brown basal patch, which extends upward from
the base of the posterior margin to upper end of the cell and thence descends
obliquely and angularly outward to lower part of the disc, where it is acutely bent
inward to the posterior margin before the angle ; a similar coloured triangular patch
occupying the apical area from the costa to exterior margin above the posterior angle,
the extreme outer edge of the wing being bordered by a slender ochreous-white line ;
the intervening oblique band across the middle of the wing also ochreous-white and
slightly peckled with ochreous-brown scales ; the costal border from the base to
apical patch purpurescent violet-brown and speckled with lilacine scales ; cilia pale
greyish-ochreous : hindwing ochreous-yellow, with a broad blackish apical band, and
a few blackish speckles above anal angle. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above
purpurescent violet-brown ; a slender collar in front of thorax and edge of tegula;
ochreous-white ; abdomen ochreous-yellow, the basal tuft brown.
Expanse If to If inch.
FODINA PALLTJLA.
Fodina pallula, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 275 (1852); Walijer, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1439.
Forewing dark brown, of a purphsh-ochreous tinge in some lights ; crossed by
an outwardly obhque medial ochreous-white narrow band, and a very slender marginal
band; the cilia also being ochreous-white: hindwing cupreous-brown, with au
ochreous-yellow transverse band extending from middle of the costa to anal angle,
the band being broadest in the female, with the anal eud of its outer border tipt
with black. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs above dark-brown; abdomen paler
at the sides.
Expanse If to If inch.
FODINA MUNDICOLOR.
Grammodes mundicolor, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 973 (1865), 8 •
? Grammodes notata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 39 (1794).
" Female. Luteous-testaceous, brighter beneath. Wings with black marginal
points : forewings with two black costal triangular spots, the first middle, longer
and more irregular than the second, which is apical. Wings beneath with a diffuse
blackish apical tinge. Third joint of the palpi a little less than half length of second ;
182 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
thorax with a broad black band in front and with a black mark on each shoulder ;
tarsi black above, posterior tarsi brown.
" Expanse 14 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
Genus CALESIA.
Calesia, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 257 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1408.
Male : forewing elongated, broad ; costa arched towards the end ; ciUa broad,
double scaled ; a glandular patch of erectile hairs on the upperside, extending from
the middle of the costal edge over end of the cell ; the cell extending to half length
of the wing ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell, second from
close to end of the cell, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, free and widely separated
from the third ; discocellular inwardly-oblique, bent near each end, radials from the
angles ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the
end ; submedian much recurved : hindwing very broad ; exterior margin convex ;
cell extending one-fourth the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
concave, radial from near the lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell,
lower at one-half ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately slender,
abdomen pointed at the apex ; palpi ascending, compressed, laxly squamose, second
joint reaching the vertex, third joint long, three-fourths the length of second, slender;
antennte ciliated and with longer projecting lashes ; legs rather long and slender,
spurs also long and slender.
Type, C. dasyptera.
CALESIA DASYPTERA.
Erelms dasyptenis, Kollar, Hiigel's Kaschmir, iv. 2, p. 476 (1844). $ .
Calesia comosa, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 258, pi. 21, fig. 7 (1852), S ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv.
p. 1408.
Male. Both wings ochraceous cinereous-brown : forewdng with a glandular patch
of long hairs on the upperside, which extend from middle of the costa over the end
of the cell, the discal area below the tuft being brighter ochreous-brown. Front of
head, palpi, pectus, fore and middle tibiae, and abdomen above scarlet ; thorax and
base of abdomen above, and abdomen beneath, fore and middle femora, and tarsi,
and hindlegs ochraceous cinereous-brown.
Expanse If inch.
CALESIA LEUCOSTIGMA (Plate 171, Fig. 5, ? ).
Erebus leucosiigma, Kollar, Hiigel's Kaschmir, iv. 2, p. 476 (1844), 5.
Calesia stigmoleuca, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 258 (1852), ? ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het.'B. M.xiv. p. 1409.
Female. Both wings ochraceous cinereous-brown, with very faint traces of a
DYSGONIID^. 183
darker transverse discal fascia : forewing with a prominent oval white spot at end
of the cell. Thorax, base of abdomen above, abdomen beneath, femora, hind tibiae,
and tarsi brown ; front of thorax, palpi, head, pectus, fore and middle tibiae, and
abdomen above scarlet.
Expanse 1|- to If inch.
This is probably the female of the preceding species.
Genus PASIPEDA.
Pasipeda, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1795 (1858).
Male and female : forewing somewhat more triangular in form than in Galesia ;
cell extending half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the
cell, second at one-seventh, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, ascending and touching
third near its base; discocellular concave, bent near each end, radials from the
angles ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half ;
submedian curved : hindwing short, exterior margin less convex than in Calesia ;
cell extending one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular
slightly concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the
cell ; lower at nearly one-half. Body moderately slender ; palpi ascending, slightly
shorter than in Calesia ; antennjB minutely ciliated in male.
PASIPEDA H^MORRHOA
Calesia hamorrhoa, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 258 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xiv. p. 1409.
Calesia Patnia, Felder et Rogeuh. Novara Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 117, fig. 17 (1871).
Male and female. Dark cinereous-brown ; with very faint traces of darker wavy
transverse discal and submarginal fascige ; forewing, in some specimens, with an
indistinct paler cinereous reniform spot, and slightly speckled outer borders to the
wavy fascise. Thorax, front of head, base of abdomen above, femora above, and
tarsi cinereous-brown ; abdomen above and beneath, palpi, pectus, and tibite scarlet,
the abdomen beneath in some being tinged with brown.
Expanse 1| inch.
Larva half -looped ; with twelve legs ; colour dark cinereous violaceous-brown,
marbled with slender irregular black lines ; the sixth to eighth segment also with a
transverse black stripe ; head, middle and hind legs red ; front legs black.
PASIPEDA RUFIPALPIS.
Pasipeda rnfipalpis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1795 (1858), ?.
"Female. Dark brown, cinereous-l)rown beneath. Wings with two or three
darker undulating very indistinct hues : forewings with a minute whitish dot at end
184 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
of the cell ; submarginal line indicated by some cinereous speckles. Palpi orange-
red ; abdomen red above.
" Expanse 17 lines."
This is probably a variety of the preceding,
PASIPEDA SATELLITIA (Plate 171, Fig. 6, ^ , 6a, larva).
Male and female. Both wings smooth, glossy, dark cinereous-brown : forewing
with a prominent white oval spot at end of the cell, and a transverse submarginal
waved row of seven smaller white spots. Thorax and base of abdomen cinereous-
brown ; fi-ont of thoi^ax, head, first and second joints of palpi, pectus, tibiae, and
tarsi ochreous-yellow ; abdomen above scai'let ; femora and abdomen beneath
cinereous-brown ; third joint of palpi and tip of the second, and bands on fore tibiae,
and on tarsi black.
Expanse, S If, ? If inch.
Larva half -looped ; with twelve legs ; colour dark purplish violet-brown ; a few
short blackish hairs on the anterior and posterior segments ; some yellow transverse
stripes bordering each segment, which are terminated by two divergent dorsal spots ;
on each segment also are some lateral spots and streaks of the same colour ; head
and legs also yellow spotted. Pupa purplish-brown, abdominal segments reddish.
"Feeds on TJmnhergia alata." (Thwaites.)
Family TINOLIIDiE.
Imago of moderate size : forewing rather broad and elongated, not acute at the
apex ; antennge bipectinated in male.
Larva semi-looped ; with twelve legs ; a few short dorsal hairs, and long spatular
filaments on middle segments. Pupa among living leaves.
Genus TINOLIUS.
Tinolius, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iii. p. 621 (1855).
Forewing elongated, slightly arched towards the end, exterior margin oblique
and sHghtly convex ; cell long, extending nearly two-fifths the length; first subcostal
emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third at three-
fifths from base of second, and fourth at one-half from base of third, fifth from end
of cell, ascending and touching second at one-third between its base and third;
discocellular concave in the middle, bent at each end, radials from the angles ; middle
median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at about two-fifths ; submedian
slightly curved : hindwing longer than broad ; costa almost straight, exterior margin
oblique, convex posteriorly, abdominal margin short ; cell extending about one-third
TIXOLIIDJE. 185
tte length; two subcostals from end of the cell; cliscocellular outwardly-oblique,
concave, radial from near lower end; two upper medians from extreme end of cell,
lower at one-tliird ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately slender,
laxly clothed ; abdomen with slight dorsal and lateral tufts ; palpi ascending, rather
stout, laxly clothed, third joint minute, conical ; legs rather long, femora pilose
beneath, tibiiB slightly pilose, spines stout; nntennjB in male bipectinated, in female
minutely setose.
TINOLIUS EBURNEIGUTTA (Plate 171, Fig. \0,S, 10a, larva).
Tinolius ebnrnciijutta, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. iii. p. 621 (1855).
Light red : forewing below the costal border with a slight olivescent tinge ; with
an ochreous-white spot at base of the wing, a larger round spot in middle of the cell,
two similar spots at outer end of the cell, and two less prominent spots on middle of
the posterior margin, the three cell-spots being bordered by a brown line : hindwing
brighter coloured at the base. Thorax tinged with olivaceous, with two black spots
in front ; abdomen with interrupted black segmental bands ; legs with black bands,
tarsi -^vith black tips.
Expanse If to 2f inches.
Larva half -looped ; with twelve legs ; a few short black hairs on each segment,
and four long dorsally radiating black spatular filaments on the fourth, fifth, and
sixth segments ; colour violet-black ; the segments transversely bordered by irregularly
broken yellow stripes ; head also with yellow stripes and spots. Pupa dark red,
marbled with yellow.
" Feeds on TJi.unbcrgia alata." (Thwaites.)
Family EUCLIDIIDJE.
Imao-o of moderate size. Wings rather broad, with broad double cilia; : forewing
triangular. Body more or less slender ; palpi short, apex generally short ; antenna
slender, crenulate or pectinated in male. {Cruenee.)
Ijarva elongated, cylindrical ; with twelve legs.
Genus TRIGONODES.
Trigonodes, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 281 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. JI. xiv. p. 1447.
Clialciope (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 268.
Forewing triangular, costa slightly arched towards the end, apex acute, exterior
margin oblique, shghtly recurved ; cell narrow, extending to half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third
at one-fourth from base of second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth
from end of cell and slightly touching second below base of third ; discocellular
VOL. III. ^ ^
186
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
inwardly-oblique, concave in middle, bent at each end, radial from the angles ; middle
median from close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian slightly curved
from the base : hindwing short, broad, triangular, exterior margin convex posteriorly ;
cell short, less than one-third the length; two subcostals from end of the cell;
discocellular concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of
the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body slender ;
palpi vertical, second joint clothed with thick short hair, third joint pointed, about
half leno-th of second ; antennas minutely ciliated ; legs slender ; femora and tibi»
clothed with short thick hair beneath ; tarsi long ; spurs slender.
Tyiye, T. Hyppasia.
TRIGONODES HYPPASIA.
PhahTita Noctua Hyppasia, Cramer, Pap. Esot. iii. p. 99, pi. 250, fig. e (1782).
Trigonodcs Hi/ppasia^ Gucnee, Noct. iii. p. 283 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1450.
Noctua Hi/patia, Fabricius, Eut. Syst. iii. 2, p. 98 (1794).
Chalciope Ilypasia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 268.
Phal. Noctua Deliana, Stoli, Cram. Pap. Exot. v. p. 160, pi. 36, fig. 4 (1791).
Forewing pale violaceous greyish-brown ; with a dark brown triangular patch
below the cell, and a smaller patch in the disc, each with an ochreous-white bordering
hne on the lower side, the intervening oblique space between the patches also mostly
ochreous-white; a submarginal dark brown undulated fascia bordered outwardly by
a pale line : hindwing dusky greyish-brown ; with a darker narrow discal and a broad
submarginal fascia. Body, palpi, and legs pale greyish-brown.
Expanse If to If inch.
Genus ACANTHOLIPES.
Acantholipes, LeJerer, Noct. Eur. p. 198 (1857).
Microphysa (part), Boisduval.
Wings small : forewing elongated, narrow ; cell extending half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third
from close to base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end
of the cell, and touching third close to its base ; discocellular oblique, radials from
close to each end; middle median from near end of the cell, lower at one-third;
suljmedian straight : hindwing rathei- long, exterior margin and anal angle very
convex ; cell one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
concave, radial from near lower end; two upper medians from beyond end of the
cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
small; palpi porrect, broad, second joint projecting much beyond the front, laxly
squamose, third johit minute; antennas setose; legs long, squamose, middle and
liind tibige spurred.
Tyfe, A. regularis, Hiibner.
POAPUILIDJE. 187
ACANTHOLIPES TRIFASCIATA (Platk 172, Fig. 2).
Dai'k cinereous-brown : forewing with two transverse inwardly-oblique black
streaks below the cell, a short black streak at end of the cell, and a broad cuprescent-
brown discal band, the outer border of the band being angulated in the middle and
at the ends, and the inner border slightly recurved, even, and with a pale ochreous
line : hindwing with a short narrow medial, a discal, and a broad marginal cuprescent-
brown band. Body, palpi, and legs cinereous-brown.
Expanse ItV inch.
Genus? EUCLIDIA, OCHS.
EUCLIDIA? TAESALIS.
Eudidia? tarsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 986 (1865").
" Male. Dark ferruginous-red, dai-k cinereous beneath. Wings black speckled ;
with an almost straight oblique postmedial blackish line, which is bordered with
cinereous on the outer side ; fringe doubly interhned with brown : forewings with a
blackish nearly straight line near the base, bordered with cinereous on the inner side ;
a black dot in the disc between the lines. Palpi pale cinereous on the inner side ;
abdomen with a fawn-coloured apical tuft ; tarsi pale cinereous.
" Expanse 14 lines."
Family POAPHILIDiE.
Imago small, or moderate ; wings stout, with dense cilifB. Palpi ascending,
apex mostly very short ; antennge filiform, crenulate, pubescent, or with remote and
minute setee in male. {Guenee.)
Larva cylindrical, smooth, semi-looped, with sixteen legs, but the first middle
pair imperfect.
Genus DIERNA.
Dierna, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 204 (1858).
Nahara, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 1004 (1865).
Wings short : forewing broad, subfalcate, exterior margin slightly convex ; cell
extending more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end
of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third from very close to base of second, and
fourth from very near end of third, fifth from end of cell and shghtly touching third
near its base ; discocellular concave, bent near each end, radials from the angles ;
middle median fi^om angle very close to end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian
recui-ved: hindwing broad, somewhat quadrate, apex convex, exterior margin
abruptly truncated from end of lower median, abdominal margin very short ; cell
two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender,
B b 2
188 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
concave, radial from close to lower eud ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower
at two-fifths ; submediau and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; frontal
tuft prominent; palpi ascending, second joint reaching vertex, compressed, laxly
squamose, third joint linear, acute at the tip, about two-thirds length of second ;
antennae in male rather thick to nearly three-fourths its length, where the shaft is
slightly dilated and dislocated, the end slender, with both short and long setfB to the
distorted joint, and shorter set^ thence to the tip ; antennae in female normal and
finely setose ; legs rather long and slender, femora and fore tibiae slightly pilose,
spurs slender.
DIERNA ACANTHUSALIS (Plate 171, Fig. 9).
Dienia Acanthusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 205 (1858), J'.
Nahara clavifcra, Walker, id. xxxiii. ji. 1104 (1865), $ .
Male. Pale lilacine brownish-ochreous : forewing with numerous short transverse
brown-speckled strigte ; a prominent pale inner-boi'dered brown line extending from
the apex to posterior margin, the line being angulated inward between the median
and submedian veins and there broadly dilated with black, the outer border of the
line being clouded with brown; above the posterior angle are two black-speckled
spots, and along the margin is a row of black points ; two or three blackish- speckled
spots, and transverse inwardly-oblique brownish fascije near base of the wing :
hindwing with the apex broadly dusky brown, the anal area with numerous short
transverse brown strigte. Thorax with a ferruginous-brown collar and black-speckled
front; head, second joint of palpi, and forelegs above ferruginous-brown. Female.
Somewhat paler brownish-ochreous ; the strigee less distinct : forewing with the
transverse line from the apex less prominent, and not dilated with black at its
lower end.
Expanse If to If inch.
Genus ARASADA.
Forewings rather narrow, elongated ; costa almost straight, apex acute, exterior
margin oblique, very slightly convex ; cell extending to half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at nearly half before end of the cell, second close to the end,
trifid, third at one-half from base of second, and fourth at one-half from base of
third, fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching second at half-way between its
base and third ; discocellular concave in middle, bent close to each end, radials from
the angles ; middle median at one-seventh before end of the cell, lower at three-
sevenths ; submedian slightly recurved : hindwing rather long and triangular, exterior
margin very oblique ; discocellular very slender, inwardly oblique, radial from near
lower end ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; two upper medians on a footstalk
beyond end of the cell ; lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal
REMIGIIDA-:. 189
vein slightly cui'ved. Body slender ; palpi ascending, rather slender, laxly squamosa,
not reaching to level of the eyes, third joint minute ; antenna3 setaceous, with fine
short slender lashes ; legs long, femora and tibice pilose, middle and hind tarsi also
pilose at the base above ; tarsi very long, middle and hind tibial spurs extremely long.
ARASADA PYRALIFORMIS (Plate 172, Fig. 1,^, lu, larva).
Male and female. Pale brownish-ochreous, with a lilacine tinge in some lights ;
sparsely speckled with minute black scales : forewing with an indistinct ochreous-
yellow waved transverse antemedial lunular line, and a similar inwardly-oblique
postmedial line, both lines being devoid of black scales ; two black-speckled spots at
end of the cell, the upper one being small; a marginal row of prominent black
dentate spots, three or four parallel but less distinct spots below the apex, and also
three or four on the costa before the apex : hindwing with a transverse medial
ochreous-bordered white wavy baud, two small black-speckled spots at end of the
cell, and a marginal row of black dentate spots. Body pale brownish-ochreous,
abdomen with brown dorsal bands ; palpi and front legs brown.
Expanse Ittj to lA inch.
Larva with twelve legs ; head large and projecting vertically above the anterior
seo-ments ; colour green, with a dorsal yellowish band, lateral streaks, and spiracles ;
head and sides of anterior segments black speckled ; second segment also with lateral
purplish-brown streaks ; a blackish line dividing the fifth and sixth segments ; some
blackish lateral marks also on posterior segments ; legs streaked with purplish-brown.
Pupa within rolled portion of leaf ; green, with reddish segmental bands.
Family REMIGIID^.
Wings broad, velvety ; hindwings sometimes pubescent beneath. Body generally
stout ; palpi ascending ; antennsB long, slender, often filiform ; legs of male very
pilose ; hind pair lauuginous ; hind tarsi often with dense compressed tuft.
Larva semi-looped ; with twelve legs ; cyhndrical. Pupa without cocoon in the
earth ; efflorescent.
Genus REMIGIA.
Eemigia (group 1) Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 312 (1852).
Remigia (part), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1493.
Male : forewing triangular, rather broad, costa slightly arched towards the end,
exterior margin slightly obhque and convex; cell extending more than half the
length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at
onet fifth, trifid, third at about one-third from base of second, and fourth at one-
third from base of third, fifth from end of cell and slightly touching third at its base ;
190 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
discocellular inwardly oblique, convex in middle, bent near each end, radials from
the auales • middle median from ande close to end, lower at two-fifths before the
end ; sub-median curved : hiudwing broad, triangular, exterior margin oblique, anal
angle very convex ; thickly clothed beneath with raised scales ; cell extending about
one-tliird the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly oblique,
concave, radial from near lower end; two upper medians from end of the cell,
lower at one-third; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout;
palpi erect, second joint reaching level of the eyes, laxly squamose, third joint one-
third length of second ; antennaj minutely cihated, with a few fine longer lashes ;
femora and tibiae very densely clothed with compactly disposed short hairs ; hind tarsi
also very densely clothed with hairs above ; spurs slender.
Type, R. frugalis.
REMIGIA FRUGALIS (Plate 172, Fig. 4, ? , 4^7, larva).
Noctua fniijalis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 138 (1794).
Remifjia frugalis, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 314 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1507.
Chalciope Lycopodia, Geyer, Hubnev's Zutr. Exot. Schmett. 25, 449, fig. 897-8 (1837).
Remifjia translata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1015 (1865), ?.
Wings pale cinereous ochreous-brown ; forewing with a very indistinct brown
erect transverse waved antemedial line, an orbicular dot and an oval reniform mark,
followed from the apex by an inwardly-obUque dark brown straight line, the inner
border of which is pale and the outer border shaded by ferruginous-brown, beyond
which is a submarginal row of black vein-points and a less distinct denticulated
marginal line ; a short brown fascia below the cell, and a blackish-speckled spot
below middle of the submedian vein is also present in some specimens : hindwing
with a transverse dusky-brown discal and a submarginal fascia.
Expanse 1| to If inch.
Larva semi-looped ; with twelve legs : pale yellowish-ochreous, with slender longi-
tudinal darker ochreous lines, an intervening sublateral row of dark olivaceous spots,
and two subdorsal lines ; fifth and sixth segment posteriorly edged with a dorsal
black streak. Pupa ochreous-red.
" Feeds on Zlnziheracece." {Thivaites.)
Genus CAUNINDA.
Remitjia (group 2), Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 412.
Remigi {]i&n), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1493.
Mods (part), Hiibner, Vei'z. bek. Schmett. p. 267.
Drasteria (part), Hiibner, /(/. p. 280.
Forewing less triangular in form than typical Remigia : hindwing also less
triangular. Venation similar. Palpi comparatively more slender, the second joint
FOCILLIDyE. 191
broader at the tip, third joint somewhat sliorter and more slender ; legs more thickly
and laxly clothed, hind tarsi naked; antennas more thickly ciliated.
Tyjie, C. Archesia.
CAUNINDA ARCHESIA (Plate 172, Fig. 2,, S , 3a, larva).
Phalivna Noctua Archesia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 145, pi. 273, fig. F. G. (1782), ?.
Drasteria Archesia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schinett. p. 280.
Eeniigia Archesia, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 318 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1504.
Phal. Noctua Virbia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 146, pi. 273, fig. H. (1782), S .
Bemigia bifasciata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1014 (1863), $ .
Pale jDurpurescent ferruginous-brown : forewing crossed by a short pale-bordered
darker browni subbasal costal line, a prominent dark ferruginous-brown outwardly
oblique antemedial band, followed by two slender brown undulated medial lines,
which pass between a brown orbicular and reniform mark, beyond which is a similar
slender irregular discal line, the latter being encompassed by an angulated dark
ferruginous-brown fascia ; crossing the submargin is a black-pointed denticulated
line, and the extreme outer margin is clouded with dark ferruginous-brown ; some
specimens have a more or less greyish-black spot at the lower outer end of the ante-
medial band, and in some there is also a blackish spot before this band below the
submedian vein : hindwing with a narrow waved discal and a broad submarginal
ferruginous-black fascia, the latter having a sinuous outer border and traversed by a
short pale sinuous anal streak ; marginal line also blackish. Body pale ferruginous-
brown j thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs darker brown.
Expanse 2 inches.
Larva semi-looped; with twelve legs; the dorsal and undersurface purplish-brown,
minutely black dotted, the sides yellowish and longitudinally lined with red and a
sublateral row of minute black dots : head with a brown and red lateral streak ; front
legs red, middle and hind legs brown. Pupa reddish ; efflorescent.
"Feeds on Desmodimn." (Thwaites.)
Family FOCILLIDJE.
Fore and hindwings angular ; alike in colour and with similar markings, which
are conspicuous beneath. Body moderately stout, thorax somewhat pilose, abdomen
with dorsal tufts ; palpi very erect, third joint very large and long, slender ; antennae
slender, pubescent in the male ; legs long, hardly pilose.
Genus ZETHES.
Zethes, Rambur, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ii. p. 29 (1S33), Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 329; Walker, Catal.
Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1522.
Wings broad : forewing triangular, costa arched at the end, apex acute, exterior
margin oblique, angular in the middle; cell extending to half the length ; first sub-
192 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
costal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth ; trifid, third
from near base of second, fourth at three-fifths from base of third, fifth from end of
the cell and slio-htly touching third near its base ; discocellular slender, concave, bent
at each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of cell,
lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian slightly curved from the base : hind-
wing short, quadrangular, apex convex, exterior margin angular in the middle ; cell
extending two-fifths the length; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocelhdar
concave, radial from near lower end; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower
at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately
stout, palpi long, ascending, second joint reaching above the vertex, rather broad,
compressed, squamose, third joint nearly half length of second, acute at the tip ;
antennas very minutely ciliated ; legs rather long, slender, very slightly pilose, spurs
long, slender.
Type, Z. insularis.
ZETHES DECOLOR (Plate 172, Fig. 8).
FociUa decolor. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxsiii. p. 1029 (1865).
Pale purplish brownish-oclireous, sparsely speckled with minute black scales :
forewing crossed by a very indistinct pale brown-bordered subbasal undulated line, an
angulated discal duplex line, and a marginal row of black points ; a pimctiform black
orbicular spot and a large indistinctly-defined reniform mark : hindwing with a minute
black dot at end of the cell, a brown discal transverse duplex line, and a marginal row
of black points. Tip of paljn, and tarsi with black bands.
Expanse If inch.
ZETHES LINEIFEEA (Plate 172, Fig. 5).
Ephyrodes lineifera. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1070 (1865), cJ.
Zethcs Sonclaiciis, Snelleu, TijJ. voor Ent. Neder. In J. 1877, p. 38, pi. 2. f. 17, ^ .
Pale greyish-ochreous, sparsely speckled with minute black scales : forewing
with two black transverse subbasal inwardly-oblique sinuous lines, a discal angulated
duplex line, followed by a submarginal sinuous line, an intermarginal row of dots,
and a marginal line, in the male a longitudinal black-speckled fascia extends from
the base to middle of the exterior margin ; orbicular spot punctiform black ; reniform
mark blackish ; cilia black-speckled towards the apex : hindwing with a black speckled
streak at end of the cell, a transverse discal duplex line, an ill-defined submarginal
sinuous line, and a large spot at anal angle ; intermarginal row of dots, and a marginal
line. Palpi with blackish bands.
Expanse, <5 If, 9 If inch.
FOCILLIDJE. 193
ZETHES USURPATALIS (Plate 172, Fig. 11).
Egnasia usurpataiis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 219 (1858), ?.
Pale purplish-ferruginous, exterior borders brightest coloured ; sparsely speckled
with minute black scales : forewing with a basal olive-green band, a subbasal trans-
verse waved olivaceous line, an indistinct brown medial undulated line, a discal pale
centred blackish duplex outwardly-curved line, a submarginal sinuous blackish-
speckled line ending on the costa in a dilated olivaceous streak ; an intermarginal row
of black dots ; a black-speckled punctiform spot in middle of the cell : hindwing with
a blackish-speckled lunular streak at end of the cell, a transverse discal pale-centred
blackish duplex line, a submarginal sinuous line ending in a large subanal spot;
an intermarginal row of dots. Thorax ferruginous ; collar and vertex olive-green ;
apex of palpi with a blackish band ; fore and middle tarsi with blackish bands.
Expanse 1^ inch.
ZETHES SOLUTA.
Thermesia soluta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1061 (1865).
" Male. Ferruginous, testaceous beneath. Wings testaceous, slightly speckled
with black, partly shaded with brown ; exterior and submarginal lines pale, denticu-
lated, partly bordered with black; submarginal points black; marginal line pale.
Forewiuo-s with the interior line pale, oblique, abruptly reti^acted in front ; middle
line blackish, undulating, diifuse ; submarginal line hardly denticulated, but forming
a distinct angle ; exterior border forming a slight angle to which a broad brownish
streak proceeds from the exterior line ; a large dark brown triangular costal subapical
spot containing three whitish costal points.
" Expanse 14 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard.
ZETHES CRISTIFERA.
Ephyrodes cristifera, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1071 (1165), ? .
Catada epops, Felder and Eogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 120, fig. 42 (1874), ^ .
Lilacine ochreous-grey : forewing very sparsely speckled with minute purple-
brown scales ; crossed by, apparently six, inwardly-oblique very indistinct pale brown
lilacine-bordered waved fascia, the second inner one ending in a costal cluster of
purple-brown scales ; extending upward from the posterior angle is a duplex row of
prominent purple-brown-speckled linear spots ; a similar coloured spot also below the
apex; and a marginal denticulated line; a purplish-brown speckled spot also in
middle of the cell, and a similar ill-defined reniform mark : hindwing ochreous-grey,
with a transverse discal indistinct slender brown fascia, and a broader submarginal
VOL. III. ^ ^
194 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
fascia. Thorax, and crest, and Ijase of abdomen, head, palpi, forelegs, and all the
tarsi speckled with dark purple-brown ; legs and tarsi also with white terminal
bands.
Expanse IJ inch.
ZETHES RENALIS (Plate 172, Fig. 12).
Forewing pale ferruginous-brown, crossed bj an inwardly-oblique pale bordered
blackish subbasal and antemedial line, both of which are bent inward to the costa
from tlaesubcostal vein ; a similar dorsal line, which is acutely angled outward at the
upper median, followed by a sinuous submarginal line and an intermarginal row of
lunular spots ; a pale-bordered brown reniform mark at end of the cell ; from the
costa before the submarginal line is a greyish-white fascia ; the lines also bordered
outwardly with darker ferruginous-brown : hindwing dusky ferruginous-brown, paler
at the base in the female ; crossed by two or three short waved slender pale lines from
the anal angle, followed by an intermarginal row of black spots. Tarsi with dark
brown bands.
Expanse $ ^ \ inch.
Genus EGNASIA,
Egnasia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 216 (1858).
Wings short : forewing broad, costa slightly arched from the base, apex acute,
exterior margin oblique, sinuous, angulated outward in the middle ; cell extending to
half the length ; first subcostal emitted at more than half before end of the cell,
second at one-fourth, trifid, third at one-fourth from base of second, and fourth at
three-fourths from base of third, fifth from end of cell, and slightly touching third
near its base ; discocellular slender, concave, bent near lower end, radials from upper
end and lower angle ; middle median from angle near end of the cell, lower at more
than half before the end ; submedian much curved : hindwing broad, exterior margin
convex, acutely sinuous ; cell extending nearly half the length ; first subcostal emitted
at nearly one-half before end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, outwardly re-
curved, radial from the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at
nearly one-half before the end ; submedian and internal straight. Body moderately
slender; palpi very long, obliquely ascending, pubescent, second joint slightly curved,
attenuated at its apex, third joint long, slender, lanceolate ; antenna? in the male
ciliated, and with long fine lashes ; legs rather long, very slightly pilose, basal joint
of hind tarsi also pilose above ; spurs long.
EGNASIA BINORBICULATA (Plate 172, Fig. 6,$).
Male. Ochreous-brown ; both wings clouded with greyish-brown apically : fore-
wing crossed by a blackish zigzag erect antemedial line, a medial undulated line
which is outwardly curved beyond the cell, followed by a similar discal sinuous line.
FOCILLIBjE. 195
a pale sinuous submarginal indistinct line, and a blackish lunular marginal line ;
two semidiapLanous-white black-bordered obliquely-superposed spots in middle of
the cell, and a large white trilobed clavate reniform mark : hindwing with a semi-
diaphanous-white black-bordered excavated narrow mark at end of the cell, beyond
which is a transverse blackish diffused discal line and a slender submarginal sinuous
line. Cilia partly ochreous-white. Palpi, forelegs, and tarsi with white bands.
Expanse $ \\ inch.
EGNASIA SCOPIGERA (Plate 172, Fig. 9, ^ ).
Male. Ochreous-brown, basal area mottled with ochreous-yellow : forewiug
crossed by a blackish postmedial incomplete-duplex ochreous-bordered zigzag line,
followed by a submarginal sinuous ochreous line, and a marginal row of blackish
lunules ; a semidiaphanous-white orbicular spot and a lunular reniform mark ; apical
and posterior border mottled with ochreous : hindwing with a semidiaphanous-white
lunular mark at end of the cell; a transverse diffused ochreous-bordered blackish
sinuous line, a submarginal ochreous sinuous line, and a marginal blackish lunular
line. Cilia bordering the black lunular line streaked with ochreous. Palpi ochreous,
speckled with brown, third joint of palpi broadly tufted above, the tuft blackish,
second joint very long, recurved upward, third joint two-thirds the length of second.
Expanse i \\ inch.
EGNASIA CINGALENSIS (Plate 172, Fig. 10).
Egnasia Cwgalensis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1178 (1865), 9 •
Purplish ferruginous-brown, varying to cinereous-brown : forewing with in-
distinct blackish transverse subbasal, antemedial, and a medial diffused waved hue,
an angulated discal line, a sinuous submarginal line, and a slender black-pointed
marginal line ; an ochreous-brown costal patch between the discal and submarginal
lines ; a black punctiform orbicular spot, and a lunular mark at end of cell : hind-
wing with a black spot at end of the cell, an indistinct transverse discal and sub-
marginal waved line, and a slender marginal line.
Expanse -h inch.
EGNASIA OCELLATA (Plate 174, Fig. 4).
Male. Cinereous-brown : forewing crossed by five equidistant indistinct blackish
lines, which are bent inward to the costa and there terminate in a pale streak, the
three inner lines undulated, the two outer lines sinuous, the middle line diffused
and partly enclosing an indistinct cinereous-bordered blackish ocellated reniform
mark at end of the cell : hindwing crossed by a medial diffused blackish band
encompassing a cinereous-bordered black ocellated spot at end of the cell ; discal
c c 2
196 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
and submarginal sinuous lines very indistinct. Tarsi dark brown, with white
bands.
Expanse y^ inch.
Genus MA.TELLA.
Forewing longer, narrower, with the exterior margin more even, and less
augulated, than in typical Bgnasia : hindwing not so broad, exterior margin more
oblique, less sinuous. Venation similar. Antennse slender, with extremely fine
scarcely-perceptible lashes ; second joint of palpi longer, of equal width throughout
its length, very laxly squamose ; third joint very slender and thickly tufted at its
base ; legs slender; all the tarsi naked.
Type, M. accingalis.
MATELLA ACCINGALIS (Plate 172, fig. 7, $ ).
Egnasia accingalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 218 (1858), $ .
Male. Brownish-ochreous. Female paler. Sparsely speckled with minute
brown scales : forewing with a transverse anteraedial, a medial, and a postmedial
uudulated Ijlackish line ; the middle diffused ; a marginal lunular line ; along the
outer border are some clusters of purplish-black speckled scales, of which the sub-
apical form a prominent blackish patch ; a semidiaphanous-white black-bordered
orbicular spot and an excavated reniform mark : hindwing with a semidiaphanous-
white blackish-bordered lobate spot at end of the cell ; an indistinct medial diffused
blackish line, a discal undulated slender line, and a marginal lunular line. Palpi
white, speckled with black ; forelegs dark brown ; hindlegs whitish, slightly black
speckled ; all the tarsi ochreous.
Expanse, ^ 1, s Ifo inch.
MATELLA PAETICIPALIS.
Egnasia j^articipalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 218 (1858), j.
" Female. Brownish-ochreous, partly speckled with fawn colour. Wings with
the submarginal line blackish, slender, hardly undulating; exterior line diffuse,
indistinct, contiguous to a vitreous spot, which represents the reniform mark ;
marginal lunules brown, slender, connected : forewings with the interior line distinct,
brown, hardly undulating; reniform mark excavated on the outer side, orbicular
forming a vitreous dot. Third joint of palpi whitish, with a slight blackish tuft
towards the base."
Expanse l-h inch.
This species is darker coloured than M. accingalis : forewing with the outer
line more erect and ending nearer the posterior angle, the orbicular and reniform
FOCILLID.-E. 197
mark twice the size : hindwing with the outer line also ending nearer the anal ano-le,
and the spot at end of cell larger and lobiform.
Genus NAGADEBA.
Nagadeba, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1521 (186.5).
Forewing elongated, costa slightly arched at the base, apex very acute, exterior
margin convex, scalloped, angular in the middle, posterior margin long ; cell extend-
ing to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell,
second at one-fourth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and joined to base of the third
by a short spur ; discocellular inwardly oblique, radials from near each end ; middle
median from close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; sub-
median nearly straight : hindwing rather long, exterior margin oblique, scalloped ;
cell extending to one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; disco-
cellular inwardly oblique, radial from near the middle ; two upper medians from end
of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body slender ; palpi curving upward in front, very long and slender,
squamose, second joint pilose above in the male, third joint lanceolate, two-thirds
the length of second, tufted in the middle in the male ; antennge minutely ciliated,
with a few fine longer lashes ; legs slender, long ; spurs long.
NAGADEBA INDECORALIS (Plate 174, Fig. 3).
Nagadeba indecoralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1521 (1865), ?.
Male and female. Violaceous-brown ; sparsely speckled with minute greyi.sh-
white scales: forewing crossed by a slender undulated subbasal and an outward-
curved discal greyish-white speckled line; the outer border traversed by similar
speckled sinuous hues, and with a cluster of speckles on the costa before the apex ;
each of the lines ending prominently on the costa: hindwing with a transverse
waved discal slender greyish-white speckled line, followed by outer sinuous lines.
Body, palpi, and legs grey speckled ; abdomen with slender greyish-white segmental
bands; tarsi with grey bands.
Expanse, S y^, 2 tti inch.
Genus D AX ATA.
Daxata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1108 (186.3).
Forewing elongated, apex hardly acute, exterior margin convex, sinuous, pos-
terior mai'gin long ; cell extending to more than half the length : first subcostal
emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third at one-
sixth from base of second, and fourth at one-half from base of third ; fifth from end
of the cell and very slightly touching third near its base; discocellular slender,
almost erect, slightly bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median at
198 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
one-fifth l:)efore end of tlie cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian
almost straight : hindwing short, exterior margin slightly convex, sinuous ; cell
extending to nearly half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; disco-
cellular slender, nearly erect, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from
end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body moderately stout ; palpi curved upward, rising half its length above
the vertex, slender, squamose, second joint extending one-third above the vertex,
third joint one-third the length of second, lanceolate, second and third joints slightly
tufted at the tip ; antennas setose ; legs long, rather slender, smooth ; spurs very
long and slender.
DAXATA BIJUNGENS (Plate 174, Fig. 9).
Daxata bijuiujens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1109 (1865).
Dark ferruginous-brown : forewing crossed by a black subbasal, an antemedial,
and a postraedial undulating line, the latter bicurved outward beyond end of the
cell ; each line being dilated at the costal end and there bordered by a pale spot ; a
submarginal pale sinuous line, beyond which is a marginal row of black lunules ;
some pale spots on the costa before the apex ; a black punctif orm orbicular spot and
a pale-centred reniform mark : hindwing crossed by three similarly disposed un-
dulated black lines, two pale submarginal fascge, and a marginal row of black
lunules. Palpi, and forelegs blackish.
Expanse to inch.
Genus DIOMEA.
Diomea, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xiii. p. 1109 (1857).
Female. Wings moderately broad, clothed with short broad scales ; slightly
denticulated : forewing straight along the costa, much rounded at the apex ; exterior
margin convex, hardly obliquely ; cell extending to half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, fifth from
end of the cell, and joined by a short spur to third near its base ; discocellular bent
near each end, almost straight in the middle, radials from the angles ; middle median
from angle close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-third ; submedian almost
straight : liindwing short, exterior margin veiy convex ; cell one-third the length ;
two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular inwardly oblique, bent in the
middle, radial from below the angle ; two upper medians from acute lower end of
the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout ;
thorax densely clothed with broad lax scales ; palpi obliquely ascending, rather
broad, compressed, slightly curved, pilose; second joint somewhat fusiform,
extending half its length above the eyes, third joint about half length of second ;
FOCILLID.E. 199
antennas minutely pubescent ; legs rather stout, densely pilose ; tarsi stout, spurs
long.
Type, D. rotundata.
DIOMEA ROTUNDATA.
Dioiaea Rotundata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1110 (1857).
Female. Dark ferruginous-bro-nrn : forewing crossed by an indistinct subbasaj,
an antemedial, and a postmedial pale undulated line, each line ending in a white
costal dot ; a prominent postmedial black denticulated line with white points, the
upper end of which is broadly white speckled ; a marginal row of black spots, each
of which is outwardly bordered by ferruginous ; basal and medial areas crossed by
ill-defined blackish-speckled undulated bands, and on the submarginal area is a
similar zigzag band ; orbicular and renif orm mark black : hindwing with a large black
cell spot, a discal transverse black denticulated line with white points, and a mar-
ginal row of black spots. Tarsi and third joint of palpi black, with whitish bands.
Expanse \^ inch.
Genus HINGULA.
Hingula, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 180 (1882).
Forewing elongated, narrow, apex acute ; exterior margin short, waved, convex
hindward ; cell extending more than half the wing ; first subcostal emitted at more
than one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third from below
second immediately above end of cell, fourth from below third close to apex ; fifth
from end of the cell, bent upward and touching third near its base ; discocellular
bent at each end, radials from the angles ; middle median close to end of the cell,
lower at one-half before the end; submedian nearly straight: hindwing short;
exterior margin convex, waved ; cell short, extending to one-third the wing ; two sub-
costals from end of the cell; discocellular slightly concave, bent near lower end,
radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-half
before the end ; submedian and internal straight. Body slender in male, rather stout
in female ; palpi ascending, second joint extending half beyond the head, broad at
anterior end, squamose, third joint one-third its length, slender, pointed ; antenna?
very minutely pectinated; legs squamose.
HINGULA FIGURATA (Plate 174, Fig. 10, S)-
Male. Greyish-brown : forewing crossed by an inwardly-oblique black subbasal
and an antemedial undulated line, and an outwardly obUque curved irregular post-
medial duplex line, the two latter lines inwardly bordered with ferruginous-brown at
their upper end, their interspace clouded with black, and enclosing a large black
semicircular orbicular spot and a quadrate reniform mark, the outer and inner sides
200
THE LEPinOPTERA OF CEYLON.
of which aie bordered by a white line, the inner white lines joining together on the
subcostal vein ; below the cell is a smaller similar-bordered semicircular black spot ;
some white-bordered ferruginous-brown short streaks on the end of the costa, a spot
immediately below the apex, and a marginal row of lunules with white inner borders :
hiudwing with a transverse discal waved duplex black line, two whitisli streaks
crossing the cell ; the outer border clouded with black, followed by a marginal row
of whitish-bordered black lunules ; interciliary edge of both wings ferruginous-brown
and longitudinally traversed by waved black lines. Body, palpi, and legs greyish-
lirown ; forelegs with darker brown bands.
Expanse S ^^ inch.
Family THERMESIID^.
Wings not angular or notched, rarely denticulated ; antennae with the setas more
or less conspicuous in the male ; those of the female extremely minute. Body smooth,
more or less slender ; frontal tuft extending between the eyes and acuminated ; palpi
long, slender, ascending, advanced in front, third joint generally long and linear.
Larva with IG legs ; or semilooped and with 14 legs. Pupa in a sHght shell.
Genus PLATYJA.
Platijja, lliibuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 268 (1818-25).
Sympis (t;i'oiip ii.), Guc'iiee, Noct. iii. p. 343.
Sympis (part), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1548.
Cotusa, Walker, id. xv. p. 1551 (1858).
Ginea, Walker, id. xv. p. 1637 (1858).
Male. Forewing broad, much arched at the end, apex acute, falcate, exterior
margin oblique, even, posterior angle very convex ; cell extending to half the length ;
first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid,
third at one-fifth from base of second and fourth at two-thirds from base of third,
fifth from end of cell and slightly touching third near its base ; discocellular concave,
radials from upper end and close to lower end ; middle median from angle close to
end of the cell, lower at nearly one-third; submedian slightly bent near the base:
hindwing short, very broad, costa prolonged, apex bluntly angular, exterior margin
very oblique, even, angulated at end of submedian vein, abdominal margin short;
cell one-third the length, broad; two subcostals from the end; discocellular out-
wardly oblique, concave, radial from close to lower end ; middle median from angle
very close to end of cell, lower at about one-fourth ; submedian and internal vein
curved. Body stout, thorax laxly clothed ; palpi ascending, second joint reaching
the vertex, thick, laxly squamose, third joint one-fourth length of second ; antennas
long, bipectinated, the branches finely ciHated ; legs stout, fore femora and tibiae
TUKIlMESIIDyE. 201
laxlj pilose, middle femora beneath and tibiae above thickly pilose, hind femora and
tibise densely clothed with long hairs ; hind tarsi also pilose above ; spurs short.
Tijpe, P. Umminia.
PLATYJA UMMINIA (Platk 173, Fig. 6, C^a^ ? )•
Fhalcena Noctua Umminia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 137, pi. 267, fig. F. (1782), ?.
Plati/ja Umminia, Iliihiier, Vcrz. bok. Sclmiett. p. 2()S (1818-25).
Ophisma Umminia, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Hot. 15. M. xiv. p. 1384.
Sympis suhunita, Guonee, Noet. iii. p. 344 (1852), (J.
Cotuza drepaiioides. Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xv. p. 1552 (1858), $.
Ginea remcwnii'. Walker, Catal. Lcji. llet. B. M. xv. p. 1G38 (1858), ?.
Ophisma Irajecta, Walker, Cliar. L'liil. Lep. llet. p. 108 (1869), ?.
Unlades falcata, Fekler et Rogenli. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 115, titr. 8 (1874), $.
Male. Dark olivescent-brown, the basal area suffused with purpurescent-brown.
Female. More uniformly purpurescent-brown : forewing with a very indistinct
transverse subbasal, and a medial outwardly-oblique brown undulated line, and an
outwardly-recurved discal denticulated line with minute whitish vein-points ; an
olive-brown streak extends obliquely from the apex to the discal line, the upper end
of which below the apex is grey bordered; a blue-black punctiform orbicular spot,
and a more or less defined reniform mark ; on the disc in some specimens of both
sexes is a prominent geminated white or red spot, whicb is divided by the lower
median, the upper portion being also cut by a line, each portion also having a darker
red inner-bordered line: hindwing with a discal curved denticulated brown line with
white vein-points. Body, palpi, and legs brown ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse 2|- to 2f inches.
Genus SYMPIS.
Sympir' (Group 1), Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 343 (1852).
Sympis ([lart). Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. 15. M. xv. p. 154S.
Male and female. Forewing broad, rather short, triangular, apex acute, subfal-
cate, exterior margin convex hindward ; cell extending nearly half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid,
third at one-seventh from base of second and fourth at four-fifths from base of third,
fifth from end of cell and slightly touching third near its base ; discocellular inwardly-
oblique, very slender, radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median
from close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths; subinedian curved: hindwing short,
broad, exterior margin very convex; cell one-third the length; two subcostals from
end of the cell ; discocellular deeply concave, radial from near lower end ; two
upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal vein
slightly curved. Body moderately robust, abdomen conical; palpi vertical, long,
VOL. III. u d
202 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
compressed, first joint pilose, second joint laxly squamose at the side, pilose above,
ascendino- above the vertex, third joint lanceolate, squamose, two-thirds the length
of the second ; antennas in tlie male tufted at the base, finely ciliated, and with long
lashes ; le^-s strong pilose, tibias stout, basal joints of middle and hind tarsi pilose
above in the male ; spurs slender.
SYMPIS- RUFIBASIS (Plate 173, Fig. 5, oa, $ q).
Si/mpis ru/ibash, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 344, pi. 24, lig. 1 (18o2) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M.
XV. p. 1549.
Forewing with the basal half light-red, the outer half cuprescent-brown ; crossed
by an outwardly-oblique slender medial pearly-white centred black-edged band, the
outer edge of which is denticulated and bordered by a purple-brown fascia ; a black
punctiform orbicular spot, and a less defined reniform mark ; beyond the cell is a
red jagged spot, which in some specimens is either round, oval, slender, or obsoles-
cent; an indistinct brown subniarginal sinuous line : hindwing dusky-brown at the
base, cuprescent-brown externally, with a broad blackish fascia from the apex, and
crossed by a medial more or less defined narrow pale brownish-white fascia. Thorax
red; abdomen, head, and palpi reddish-brown; legs greyish, brown-speckled.
Expanse If inch.
Genus SENERATIA.
Wings rather short : forewing somewhat broad, costa arched from the base,
apex acute, exterior margin almost erect, slightly convex, posterior margin long,
convex ; cell long, narrow, extending more than half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at two-thirds before end of the cell, second at two-fifths, trifid, third at
nearly half from base of second and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth
from end of cell and joined to third by a short spur at its base ; discocellular bent
in the middle, radials from close to each end; middle median from angle clo.se to
end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end; submedian much curved : hind-
wing broad, exterior margin very convex ; cell extending one-half the length; two
subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from lower end ; two
upper medians from end of the cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian and internal
vein straight. Body slender, palpi obliquely ascending, very broad, compressed,
stout, second joint insing half above the vertex, very laxly squamose, third joint
linear, compressed, acute at the tip, half length of the second ; antennas in the male
very long, of the same length as the costa, finely bipectinated to the tip ; antennae
in female shorter and setaceous ; legs long ; forelegs compactly pilose, middle and
hindlegs slightly pilose ; spurs long, slender.
Ti/pe, S. prascipua.
THEUMESIIDyE. 2(;3
SENERATIA PR^CIPUA (Plate 173, Fig. 2, ^, 2a ?).
Tluriiicfia pnrcipua, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ht't. B. M. xxxiii. p. lOoG (I860), ?.
]\Iale and female. Dark reddish-brown, washed with pnrphsh-grey : forcwing
crossed by four equidistant darl-ior brown zigzag lines, and a submarginal pale
ochreous denticulated line, the latter ending on the costa in a broad dilated dark
purple-brown pale-bordered patch ; a dark brown streak also at end of the cell :
hindwing crossed by three equidistant medial darker brown sinuous lines, the outer
line with pale ochreous points. Body reddish-brown ; collar and head ochreous-
brown ; legs dark brown.
Exj^anse, c? 1^-, 2 1|- inch.
Genus HYPOSPILA.
ITi/pospila, Giieuee, Noct. iii. p. 358 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1577.
Male. Forewing elongated, narrow, costa almost straight, exterior margin oblique,
posterior margiii convex at the base and laxly fringed in the middle ; cell narrow,
extending more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end
of the cell, second at one-tenth, trifid, third at one-fifth from base of second and
fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of cell and slightly touching
third at its base ; discocellular inwardly-oblique, radials from the ends ; middle
median from angle immediately before end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half; sub-
median much recurved : hindwing short, costa arched at the base, with a naked
scabrous streak between the middle of costa and subcostal, and with lax long hairs
along the- base of median and submedian ; apex convex, exterior margin oblique,
convex ; cell short, broad, one-third the length ; costal vein recurved, subcostal bent
downward and forming upper end of the cell, first subcostal emitted from the upper
angle ; discocellular short, slender, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians
from eud of cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian and internal vein straight. Thorax
moderately stout, abdomen long, slender in male, head with a prominent pointed tuft
in front in both sexes ; palpi ascending, second joint reaching above the eyes ; broad,
compressed, very laxly squamose, third joint lineai', compressed, projecting in front
of the head, half length of second ; antennee long, finely ciliated and with longer
fine lashes ; legs long, fore femora and tibiaj thickly pilose beneath, middle and
hind tibite clothed aliove with shorter hairs ; spurs long.
Female. Wings somewhat broader ; body stout ; antennte setaceous : hindwing
with the two subcostals from end of cell.
HYPOSPILA BOIINOIDES.
Hypospila hoUnoides, Giienee, Noct. iii. p. 358 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xv. p. 1578.
Thermesia signipalpis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xv. p. 1572 (1858), ? .
Male. FeiTuginous-brown, suffused with violet-brown in some lights : forewing
D d 2
204 THE LEPIDOrTERA OF CEYLON.
witb an indistinct black iuwardly-obliquo basal, antemedial, and a postmedial trans-
verse denticulated line, followed by a discal straight pale-centred duplex line, beyond
which is a pale sinuous fascia and a slender black denticulated pale-pointed marginal
line; between the two middle lines is a transverse blackish zigzag fascia, which
encloses a white reniform spot ; a black punctiform orbicular spot also within the
cell ; the area between the fascia and straight discal line being paler brown : hind-
wing cinereous-brown at the base, crossed by a medial zigzag black line, a pale-
centred duplex straight discal line, a pale sinuous fascia, and a pale-pointed marginal
line. Palpi, and frontal tuft beneath, knees, and bands on tarsi dark violet-brown.
Female paler, the markings less distinct.
Expanse \tu to Ixu inch.
Genus AZAZIA.
Azazia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1576 (1858).
Thermesia (part), Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 353.
Forewing elongated, somewhat narrow, slightly arched towards the tip, apex
almost subfalcate, exterior margin slightly convex ; cell extending to half the length,
first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid,
third at one-fiftli from base of second and fourth at three-fourths from base of third,
fifth from end of cell and touching third at its base ; discocellular concave, bent at
each end, radials from the angles; middle median from angle close to end of cell,
lower at one-half ; submedian almost angular near the base : hindwing short, exterior
margin oblique and slightly convex ; cell one-third the length ; two subcostals from
end of cell ; discocellular slender, concave, radial from near lower end ; middle
median from immediately before end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; frontal tuft prominent, pointed ;
palpi obliquely ascending, reaching level of the vertex, second joint rather thick, laxly
squamose, third joint lanceolate, one-third length of second ; antenuEe slightly bipec-
tinated and ciliated; legs rather long, forelegs broadly pilose, middle and hind legs
moderately pilose, spurs long and slender.
Ti/pe, A. rubricans.
AZAZIA RUBRICANS (Plate 173, Fig. 3 ^, 3a larva).
Ophiusa rubrkans, Boistluval, Faun. Eut. Mailag. Lep. p. 106, pi. 16. f. 1 (1834).
Thcnnesia rubricans, Gueuee, Noct. iii. p. 356.
Azazia rubricans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xv. p. 1576.
Thermesia transducta. Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 1058 (1865), $ .
Thermesia consueta, Walker, Char, of Undes. Lep. Het. p. 93 (1869).
Male. Dingy greyish ochreous-brown, minutely speckled with darker brown
scales : forewing with a subbasal transverse curved undulated brown line, a medial
THEnMKSr/D.E. 205
dusky wavy fascia, an oblique discal almost straight bi'own line, wliich is bent inward
to the costa before the apex, followed by a blackish streak from the apex to the angle,
and a submarginal scries of groy-tipt blackish speckled points ; a large brown-lined
rcniform mark enclosing a blackish speckled lunular discocellular streak ; orbicular
spot punctiform, grey and black speckled : hindwing with a dusky inner fascia, a
medial transverse brown line and a submarginal series of grey-tipt black speckled
spots. Palpi and legs ochreous-brown.
Female pale brownish-ochreous, or reddish-ochreous, with darker ochreous mark-
ings, similar to those of the male.
Expanse If to If inch.
Larva elongated ; with 16 legs ; green ; with a prominent narrow white lateral
band. Pupa purplish-red.
" Feeds on Phaseolus, S/'c." (Thwaites).
Genus SANYS.
Scmi/s (Sect. 2), Guenee, JSToct, Hi. p. 349 (1852).
Forewing rather broad, apex acute, subfalcate, exterior margin slightly convex
hindward ; cell extending half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before
end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and slightly
touching third near its base ; discocellular extremely slender, concave, bent near each
end, radials from the angles ; middle median from close to end of cell, lower at
one-fifth; submedian almost straight : hindwing broad, exterior margin oblique ; cell
one-third the length ; discocellular extremely slender, radial from below the middle ;
two subcostals from end of cell ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at
one-half ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body rather slender ; palpi sliglitly
ascending, laxly squamose, second joint broad, compressed, third joint long,
flat, slender ; antennae with closely-set pubescence ; legs long, spurs long and slender.
Ty2)e, S. angulina.
SANYS EIVULOSA (Plate 174, Fig. 5).
Thennesia rivnlosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1060 (1865).
Cinereous-brown, numerously covered with minute black scales : forewing crossed
by three indistinct subbasal, an antemedial, medial, and discal black speckled zigzag
lines, followed by a submarginal pale-bordered lunular line, which is acutely bent
inward to the costa before the apex ; a pale streak between the veins, each ending in
a black marginal point ; the middle line partly forming a slender reuiform mark ;
between the discal and submarginal line are some indistinct black-scaled dentate
spots : hindwing with some indistinct black speckled outer transverse sinuous lines.
Palpi and forelegs dark brown.
Expanse 1^ inch.
205 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus SONAGARA.
SoiHigara, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 179 (1882).
Forewiuo- triangular ; cost a nearly straight, apex acute, exterior margin oblique
and slightly convex, posterior angle pointed ; first subcostal emitted at two-thirds
before end of the cell, second, third, and fourth near end of the cell and at equal
distance from the fifth, third terminating at the apex ; discocellular bent at each end,
concave in the middle, radials from the angles ; middle median at one-fifth and lower
at more than one-half before end of the cell : hindwing broadly ti'iangular ; exterior
margin convex ; first subcostal at nearly one-half before end of the cell ; discocellular
shghtly oblique, bent inward at lower end, radial from the angle ; middle median very
near end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal
vein at equal distances from lower median. Body short, stout ; palpi ascending
and convergent at the tip, second joint stout, laxly squamose, third joint very
short, conical ; legs stout, tibite thick, laxly squamose ; antenna3 simple in both
sexes.
Type, S. strigipennis.
SONAGARA SCITARIA (Plate 175, Fig. 1 ?, la larva).
Drcpanodes scitaria. Walker, Cafal. Lep. ITet. B. M. xxvi. p. 1488 (1862).
Anisodcs j)ijriniata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxvi. p. 1582 (18G2).
Thermesin reticulata, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 10G2 (1865).
Homodes thermesioidcs, Snellen, Tijd. voor. Eiit. 1877, p. 28, pi. 2, f. 15.
Male and female. Reddish-ochreous ; crossed by numerous slender red strigas ;
with an oblique purplish-brown line extending from apex of the forewiug to middle of
the abdominal margin of the hindwing. Body red ; palpi at the tip, forelegs, and all
the tarsi dark purplish-brown ; tarsi with white bauds, palest in the female.
Expanse, ^ |, ? 1^ inch.
Larva with 16 legs; cylindi-ical ; with a few fine short dorsal hairs; olivaceous,
with a few transverse series of black dots on third to last segment; second segment
oclircous; head blackish. Pupa dark purplish-brown.
Genus DUNIRA.
Wings broad : forewing elongated, costa almost straight, apex pointed, exterior
margin slightly oblique ; cell narrow, extending more than half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-ninth, trifid, fifth
from end of cell and slightly touching third close to its base ; discocellular slightly
concave, radials from close to the ends ; middle median from near end of the cell,
lower at one-third ; submedian almost straight : hindwing short, broad, quadrate,
exterior margin angular at end of the lower median vein, abdominal mai^gin short ;
TIIERMESIID^. 207
cell onc-lialf tlie length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly-
oblique, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at
one-third ; submedian and internal vein straig-ht. Body moderately slender, abdomen
in male extending beyond hindwings ; palpi erect, somewhat slender, squamose,
second joint reaching the vertex, third joint long, two-thirds the length of second,
lanceolate; antennee setaceous ; legs slightly pilose.
Type, D. scitula.
DUNIRA NISALIS.
IL/peiia N/sa7is, Walker, Catal. L'^p. Het. B. M. xix^ p. 845 (ISoOl.
? Ilijpcna rnhripunctalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. JI. .xvi. p. 233 (IS-jS).
" Pale fawn colour, ro.sy speckled ; whitish beneath. Wings above with several
slight denticulated rosy lines, and with black submarginal points ; marginal lunules
rosy : forewing with two or three ochraceous denticulated lines, and with an exterior
partly ochraceous band ; costa with black points. Third joint of palpi white,
with three black bands ; fore tibite with rosy dots ; middle tibiae deep rosy above.
"Expanse 11 lines."
DUNIRA SCITULA (Plate 174, Fig. 13).
Thcrmesiu scitula. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1061 (I860).
Reddish-cinereous. Wings red speckled : forewing with a brown-bordered olive-
green basal band ; an indistinct reddish-brown transverse autemedial undulated line,
and a similar medial line, followed by a denticulated discal line, a submarginal
cinereous-bordered white lunular line, and a marginal row of black points ; a puucti-
form black spot in middle of the cell, and two at its end : hindwing crossed by a
discal reddish-brown undulated line, a submarginal cinereous-bordered white lunular
line, and a marginal row of black points ; a blackish lunular spot at end of the cell.
Fore tarsi with blackish bands ; palpi and spurs with black tips.
Expanse Iro inch.
Remark. This insect has much the appearance of Hijpena iacongrualis, both in
respect to outward form of wings and markings.
Genus MESTLETA.
Mestlcta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 829 (I860).
Forewing short, broad, triangular; apex acute, exterior margin slightly oblique
and almost angular in the middle ; cell disposed towards the middle and extending
half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of cell, second at one-
fourth, trifid, fifth from end of cell, free ; discocellular almost erect, radials from near
the ends ; middle median at one-third, lower at one-half; submedian recurved :
208
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
liindwiug short, exterior margin very convex; cell one-third tlie length; two sub-
costals from end of cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from near lower end ;
two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-tliird. Body stout, smooth ; palpi
broad, compressed, obliquely ascending, not reaching higher than the vertex, second
joint with short hairy scales in front, third joint extremely small, blunt at tip ;
antennae minutely setulose ; legs stout, squamous; spurs long and stout.
Tijpe, M. abrupta.
MESTLETA ABRUPTA (Pj.ate 174, Fig. 2 (^, 2rt larva).
Mestleta abrupta. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 829 (186.5), S-
Eutelia Ivjpcutroides, Walker, MS. Brit. Mus. Coll.
Pale purphsh ochreous-red : forewing with a prominent purplish-grey centred
black obHque discal duplex line, of which the inner side is broadest and bent inward
to the costa before the apex, and is also continued in its duplex form across the
middle of the hindwing ; forewing also with a subbasal transverse indistinct blackish
sinuous line ; a white pointed outer discal line, and a similar submarginal line ; a
larcre ochreous-white spot at the apex : liindwiug with an indistinct blackish spot in
middle of the cell, a transverse discal and a submarginal sinuous white-pointed line,
the latter ending in black anal spots. Tarsi with white bands.
Expanse -^ inch.
Larva serailooped ; with 12 legs; 6th, 7th, 8th and 12th segments with a conical
prominence ; 5th to last segment with a few short erect dorsal hairs ; 3rd, 4th, and
5th segments also with four erect black spatular hairs ; colour reddish, with black
streaks and lateral dots, transverse yellowish lateral stripes, and an obhque white
stripe across 10th and 11th segments. Pupa reddish, enclosed in a small cocoon
attached to a leaf.
" Feeds on Ficns parasitwus " (Thwaites).
MESTLETA ANGULIFERA (Plate 175, Fig. 2 g , 2a larva).
Mestleta aiigiiUfera, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Alk. p. 179 (1882).
Pale purplish-ochreous : forewing crossed by an oblique medial narrow brown
l)and which is acutely bent inward to the costa near its upper end, an antemedial and
a postmedial slender sinuous brown line, both bent inward at the costal end ; a
slight brown pale-bordered oblique streak fi-om the apex, which is continued hind-
ward in a blackish sinuous line ; a slender pale-bordered brownish marginal line :
hindwing with a narrow brown medial transverse band and two indistinct outer
sinuous lines. Underside pale brownish-ochreous. Thorax, palpi, and legs ochreous-
In-own ; abdomen and band on the tarsi greyish-ochreous.
Expanse J- inch.
TIIERMESIID.E. 20!)
Larva with 12 legs ; oclireous-brown. Pupa reddish, enclosed in a small dark
brown cocoon.
MESTLETA LUNIEERA (Plate 17.5, Fig. 3, g ).
Pale vinous-brown, minutely black-speckled : forewing with a broad pale
vinaceous costal band, which also crosses the extreme base of the hindwing, where
it is almost of a white colour : forewing also with some indistinctly formed transverse
black-speckled sinuous lines, a discal angulated line, a prominent pale vinous sub-
marginal line, the upper end of the latter being red before it reaches the costal band,
and is there bordered within by a pure white curved streak ; a marginal row of Ijlack
dots ; apex below the band and adjacent cilia dusky-brown : hindwing with indistinct
blackish-speckled discal sinuous line, a prominent pale vinous angular discal line
with bordering black-speckled spots, the spots being more distinct towards anal
angle ; a marginal row of black dots. Thorax, base of abdomen, and front of head
pale vinous-brown.
Expanse 1^^^ inch.
MESTLETA INTERRUPTA (Plate 175, Fig. 7).
Pale brownish ochreous-white, the outer border suffased with pale ochreous-
brown : forewing with a few minute ochreous-brown scales scattered over the basal
area ; crossed by a prominent inwardly-oblique discal ochreous-brown band, which
is diffused on its inner border, and is cut before the ajDex by an inwardly-oblique
white line to the costa, and has a contiguous subapical black spot ; beyond the band
is a row of very minute black dots, followed by a submarginal indistinct sinuous
line ; some black streaks on the costal edge : hindwing with a short ochreous-brown
band above the anal angle, and a marginal row of blackish speckles. Thorax, head,
palpi, and forelegs ochreous-brown ; abdomen ochreous-white
Expanse j~j inch.
MESTLETA IRRECTA (Plate 174, Fig. 1 (?, la larva).
Selenis irrecta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1066 (1865).
Selenis niviapcx, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1069 (1865).
Ferruginous-brown : forewing with a broad white-speckled costal band, which
also crosses the extreme base of the hindwing, the band being most shai'ply defined
along its posterior edge ; crossed by a slender white discal line, which is bent inward
to the costa beyond end of the cell; a submarginal white lunular line, and a marginal
row of white-bordered black dots ; a short white-bordered black streak obliquely
before the apex : hindwing crossed by a slender white undulated line, a submarginal
blackish-spotted lunular line, and a marginal row of white-bordered black dots.
VOL. III. E e
210 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Thorax aud base of abdomen crossed by a broad white band ; forelegs with pale
bands.
Ex])anse to- inch.
Larva semilooped; with 12 legs; minutely hairy; a pointed lump on 12th
segment ; colour purplish-black. Pupa reddish, enclosed in a small reddish cocoon
attached to a twig.
MESTLETA DIVISA (Plate 17i, Fig. 7).
Sehnis dii-isa, Walker, Traus. Etit. Soc. Lond. 3rd ser. I. p. 107 (1S61).
Selenis semilux, Walker, Catal. Lap. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1069 (18f'5).
Dusky ferruginous-brown : forewing with a broad ferruginous-white costal band,
which also crosses the extreme base of the hind wing, and has some short pure
white-bordered brown outwardly-oblique streaks on its costal edge, these streaks
forming the upper ends of indistinct greyish-bordered black transverse sinuous lines ;
a maro-inal row of white outer-bordered black dots : hindwing with indistinct discal
transverse ferruginous-brown bordered sinuous lines and a marginal row of white-
bordered black dots. Thorax, and base of abdomen crossed by a broad ferruginous-
white baud ; legs with pale bands.
Expanse tI to ttt inch.
MESTLETA MULTIGUTTATA (Plate 174, Fig. 8).
Sehnis multiijuttata. Walker, MS. Coll. Brit. Mus.
Dull vinous-brown : forewing crossed by an indistinct antemedial and a discal
Avhite-dotted black sinuous line, both of which are bent inward to the costa, followed
by a more distinct submarginal and marginal row of white spots, of which those at
the apex are the largest ; a white orbicular spot and a reniform spot : hindwing
with two white dots within the cell, four confluent irregular discal rows of white
spots, and a marginal row of smaller spots. Thorax with a whitish transverse band,
abdomen with white dorsal spots.
Expanse -^-^ to -n, inch.
MESTLETA CEYLONICA.
Thermesia ceylonica, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. j). 1061 (1865), $.
Female. Pale brownish-ochreous, minutely black speckled, the speckles being
disposed somewhat in the form of ill-defined transverse strigEe ; with a prominent
oblique medial transverse straight purplish-black line, which extends from the apex
to middle of abdominal margin of the hindwing : forewing with a small pale yellow
spot below the apex, and an indistinct pale cinereous zigzag submarginal line ; costal
border broadly purplish-cinereous. Head, palpi, thorax, and bands on forelegs
purplish-cinereous.
Expanse ItV inch.
TIIEJtMESIIDyE. 211
Genus CAPNODES.
Capnodes, Gueuoe, Noct. iii. p. 374 (18.)2) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilct. B. M. xv. j). 1600.
"Wings short, triangular : forewing broad, apex not acute, exterior margin
almost erect, very slightly convex ; posterior margin long ; cell extending half the
length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-
fifth, trifid, fifth from end of cell and touching third close to its base ; discocellular
bent at each end, concave in middle, radials from the angles ; middle median from
angle close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian slightly recurved : hind-
wing broad, apex convex ; cell less than one-third the length ; two subcostals from
end of cell ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, concave, radial from near lower end ;
two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal
vein almost straight. Body moderately stout ; frontal tuft pointed ; palpi obliquely
porrect, bi'oad, much compressed, second joint extending two-thirds beyond the head,
broad at its tip, laxly squamose at the side, pilose in front, third joint half length of
second, slender and slightly clavate in male, compressed in female ; legs leather long,
slender, very slightly pilose ; anteuua3 slender, setaceous.
CAPNODES TRIFASCIATA (Plate 174, Fig. 12).
Cajinodes trifasciata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soo. 1877, p. 612.
Ferruginous-brown : both wings crossed by a basal, subbasal, medial, and a
discal dusky brown diffused sinuous line, a submarginal lunular line, and a marginal
row of black lunular points ; the subbasal and discal line of the forewing, and discal
line of hindwing have the vein-points white, tipt with black ; each of the lines on the
forewing also end in a white costal spot, there are also three smaller costal spots
before the apex ; a black punctiform spot in middle of the cell and two spots at its
end. Palpi, and legs greyish-brown.
Expanse lyu inch.
CAPNODES TETEASPILA.
Capnodes tdraspiln, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1076 (1865),?.
" Female. Pale testaceous. Wings broad : forewings acute, with two blackish
costal spots; first spot elongate, extending towards the middle of the disc; second
spot apical : hindwings with brownish tips.
" Expanse 16 lines."
CAPNODES MACTJLICOSTA.
Capnodes maculicosta. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1608 (1838), S .
Capnodes Jinipalpis, Walker, id. xv. p. 1574 (1858), $.
Wings red, with purplish-grey reflections in some lights : forewing crossed by a
diffused indistinct pale purplish-black undulated antemedial and a postmadial fascia,
212 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
tlie latter traversed by a row of white vein-points, beyond which is a marginal row
of black points ; a slender blackish lunular mark at end of the cell, and two large
equidistant white spots on the costa : hindwing with a less distinct discal fascia
traversed by white points, and a marginal row of black points. Body red ; palpi
cinereous ; legs pale red.
Expanse, ^ 1|, ? 1| inch.
CAPNODES MINOR (Plate 174, Fig. 11).
Red, sparsely speckled with minute blackish scales: forewing with four pro-
minent white spots along the costa, the interspaces between the spots blackish-
fei-riioinous; the first spot basal, fourth apical, second and third at equal distances
bftween the others ; a very indistinct black-scaled spot at end of the cell, and a
black-scaled transverse discal denticulated line with white tipt points : hindwing
with a very indistinct similar spot at end of the cell, and a transverse discal denticu-
lated line with white tipt points. Palpi, and forelegs ferruginous-brown.
Expanse A inch-
Genus GESONIA.
Gesonia, Walker, Catal Lep. llet. B. M. xvi. p. 7.3 (1858).
" Male. Wings small, moderately broad ; fringe broad : forewings rectangular
at the tips, almost straight and moderately oblique along the exterior margin. Body
hardly stout ; frontal tuft somewhat truncate at the tip ; palpi short, porrect, hardly
lonoer than the breadth of the head; second joint convex above, pilose- beneath,
third joint elongate-conical, less than half length of the second ; antennas serrated,
ciliated ; thorax squamous ; abdomen rather flat, not extending beyond hindwings ;
legs rather stout, hardly pilose, hind tibiiu with long spurs."
Type, G. obeditalis.
GESOITIA SECUNDALIS.
Gesonia secundalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 235 (1858), ^J.
" Male. Pale faAvn colour : forewings with brownish diffuse very indistinct
lines ; exterior line undulating, accompanied by some brown marks ; submarginal
line denticulated ; orbicular and reniform marks indicated by two blackish points ;
marginal points blackish, like those of the hindwings, in which the two exterior lines
are visible. Abdomen and hindwings paler fawn colour ; palpi ascending, brownish
on the outer side, third joint short ; antennjE with long pubescent bristles.
" Female. Forewings occasionally with some black marks by the exterior line.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in Mr. E. L. Layard's collection.
AMPinCrOXIIDu^. 213
GESONIA OBEDITALIS.
Gesonia oheditalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 75 (1S58),(J.
" Male. Reddish-brown, mostly ciuereous beneatli : forewings witli the interior
and exterior lines blackish, denticulated, indistinct; some diffuse oblique undulating
cinereous lines ; one extending from the interior line to the base, obsolete in front ;
the others beyond the exterior line ; marginal points black ; orbicular spot black,
punctiform, reniform forming an oblong ringlet which encloses a black point : hind-
wing cinereous, with black marginal points, and with two dark cinereous lines, which
are almost obsolete above, but distinct beneath. Palpi dark brown, cinereous above ;
abdomen cinereous.
" Expanse 8 lines."
GESONIA SCITULA (Plate 174, Fig. 6).
Thermesia sdtula, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1973 (1866), ?.
Forewing purplish ochreous-red, crossed by an indistinct antemedial, post-
medial, and a submarginal blackish-speckled zigzag line ; reniform mark indistinct,
blackish; marginal points blackish : hiudwing pinkish-cinereous ; cilia paler. Thorax
ochreous-red ; collar, head, palpi, and bands on tarsi brown, abdomen purpli.sh-
cinereous ; forelegs reddish, hind legs paler.
Expanse Jl. inch.
Family AMPHIGONIID^.
Wings ample, pulverulent, alike in colour and markings ; exterior margin very
angular, often unequally dentate. Body smooth, thorax villose; antennjB various
as to structure ; legs stout, very villose in male ; tarsi bare ; palpi abruptly ascending,
extending above the head ; securiform or recurved.
Larva semilooped, with 16 legs, the first two pair of middle legs aborted ; with
two small dorsal conical prominences on 12th segment.
Genus LAGER A.
Lacera, Gueneo, Noct. ill. p. 336 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1537.
Forewing elongated, triangular, exterior margin obhque, denticulated, angular
in the middle ; cell extending to more than half the length; first subcostal emitted
at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third at nearly one-
fourth from base of second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from
end of cell and slightly touching third close to its base ; discocellular concave, bent
near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of
the cell, lower at two-fifths; submedian sHghtly curved: hindwing short, broad,
apex convex, exterior margin denticulated, almost angulated in the middle; cell
broad, extending one-third the length; two subcostals from end of the cell; disco-
214 • THE LEriDOPTERA OF CEYLOX.
cellular outwardly-oblique, concave, radial from augle near lower end ; two upper
medians from end of tlic cell, lower at nearly one-third ; submedian and internal
vein straight. Body moderately stout ; palpi ascending, second joint in male laxly
squamose, reaching level of the eyes, broadest at the base, tliird joint about one-
third length of second, linear, obtuse at the tip ; antennas in male setaceous, minutely
ciliated ; femora and tibias very densely pilose ; spurs stout.
LACERA ALOPE (Plate 173, Fig. 1 i , 1« liuvn).
Phahcna Koctua Alope, Ci-amcr, Pap. Exot. iii. pi. 268, fig. E. F. (1782).
Lacera capella, Giiuuee, Noct. lii. p. 337, pi. 24, f. 13 (1852), $ ; Wulker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M.
XV. p. 1537.
Dusky feiTuginous-brown, numerously speckled with grey scales : forewing with
a short subbasal costal pale ferruginous-bordered black zigzag line, a transverse
outwardly-curved medial similar zigzag line, an irregularly undulated discal line,
followed by a submargiual pale ferruginous sinuous line ; au indistinct pale ferru-
o-inous reniforra mark, which is most defined in the female ; below the cell are some
discal zigzag black marks ; a pale ferruginous streak within the upper and lower
anoie of the discal hue, both of which are most distinct in the male : hindwing with
the outer border more dusky black and grey speckled, and with a discal and sub-
marginal pale ferruginous-bordered black sinuous line; marginal lunules black.
Thoi-ax, and legs dusky ferruginous-brown ; palpi bright ferruginous ; tarsi, femora,
and abdomen greyish-black.
Expanse 1 1 to 2 inches.
Larva long, slender, semilooped; with 16 legs, the two first pair of middle legs
aborted ; two small conical dorsal prominences on 12th segment ; colour pale green,
with indistinct darker green longitudinal dorsal strigas ; some minute black speckles
on hind part of segments from the 5th, and a sublateral row of similar speckles ;
feet blackish. Pupa purple-red, efflorescent.
" Feeds on Firunia and (Jaidlnim" (TJiwaitcs).
Genus AMPHIGONIA.
Amphiijonid, GiK'uee, Noct. iii. p. 337 (18.32) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xv. p. 1538.
Forewing elongated, triangular, apex acute and falcate, exterior margin acutely
angular in the middle ; cell extending half the length ; first subcostal emitted at
one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-fourth from
base of second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of cell
and slightly touching third near its base; discocellular concave, bent at each end,
tlie radials fi'oin the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at
two-fifths before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, bi'oad, quadrangular,
exterior margin acutely angular in the middle ; cell less than one-third the length ;
PLATYDIDyE. 215
t^yo subcostals from end of tlie cell ; discocellular concave, radial from close to lower
end ; two upper medians from en<l of cell, lower fi-om about one-third ; submedian
and internal vein straight. Body stout ; palpi ascending, second joint in the male
very long, slender, much curved, extending to vertex, compactly squamose, third
joint also long, slender, tufted in the middle, twisted and sometimes being bent over
in front ; second joint in female less curved, third joint about two-thirds its length,
clavate ; antennte very minutely ciliated; legs densely pilose; spurs stout.
T}jpc, A. hepatizans.
AMPHIGONIA HEPATIZANS (Plate 173, Fig. 4).
Amphlgonia hepatizans, Guunee, Noct. iii. p. 338, pi. 24, fig. 12 (lSo2); Walker, Catal. Lop. Hot.
B. M. XV. p. 1541.
Greyish purple-brown, the base and exterior borders paler : forewiug with the
basal area very sparsely speckled Avith pale whitish-tipt scales ; crossed by a sub-
basal, antemedial, medial, and a discal zigzag darker-brown line, each line bordered
with pale speckles at the costal end, followed by a submarginal darker purple-brown
fascia, the fascia being acutely angled on its outer edge below the apex and at the
middle median vein, and bordered externally by grey and a zigzag purple-brown
whitish-speckled bordered sinuous fascia, the curved interspace between the angles
also traversed by a parallel slender olivaceous line ; at the extreme apex is also a
dark purple-brown patch, and the veins crossing the exterior border are speckled
with whitish scales ; an indistinct ochreous-brown reniform mark : hindwing crossed
by a medial and a discal zigzag darker brown line ; the apex and anal area clouded
wdth purple-brown. Body, palpi, and legs sparsely speckled with minute pale
whitish-tipt scales ; tarsi, and tip of palpi ochreous.
Expanse 2 inches.
Family PLATYDIDJE.
Wings ample, extended ; alike in colour and markings ; exterior margin always
angular or bent, antennae ciliated or pubescent ; legs long, slender, fore tibias more
or less thickened ; palpi long, much ascending, extending above the head.
Genus CLATERNA.
Trifjoniu* Guenee, Deltoides et Pyral. p. 11 (18o2) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 3.
Brotis (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 303.
Claterna, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1543 (1858).
Forewing elongated, narrow, costa almost straight, exterior margin angulated
at the end of upper median vein, convex below the angle, posterior margin short ;
cell more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at more than half before end
Previously used by Geyer (Ilubu. Zutr. V. p. 21), 1837, for a genus of Lepldoptera.
216
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
of tlie cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-fifth from base of second, and fourth
at about two-thirds from Iwse of third, fifth from end of cell and touching third
close to its base ; discocellular inwardly oblique, deeply concave, radials from near
upper and lower ends ; middle median from angle immediately below end of the cell,
lower at one-fourth ; subn:edian much curved from the base : hindwing somewhat
quadrate, longer than broad, exterior margin uneven, angnlated in the middle ; cell
broad, nearly two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular
bent in the middle, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from acute end
of the cell, lower at one-fifth; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
moderately slender; abdomen rather long in male; palpi erect, first and second
ioints very thick, broad, second extending two-thirds above the vertex, compressed,
squamose, third joint fully half length of second, lanceolate, laxly squamose in front ;
autenna3 in male finely ciliated and with a few long slender lashes, simple in female ;
forelegs short, thickly pilose, middle and hind tibise thick, slightly pilose at the apex;
middle tibi^ also villose above ; spurs long.
CLATEKNA CYDONIA (Plate 175, Fig. n,S).
Phal. Noctita Ci/donia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. p. 3i, pi. 22, fig. F. (1775).
Brotis Cydoniaria, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schinett. p. 303.
Herminia Sidonia, Guesin, Icon. Reg. Anim. pi. 90, f. 5.
Trigonia CydoniaUs, Gueiiee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 12 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 4.
Focilla suhmemorans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1533 (1858) ? .
Claterna exagcns, Walker, id. xv. p. 15i3, $ .
Greyish violaceous-brown : forewing with a transverse outwardly-curved white-
speckled bordered blackish antemedial line, and an angulated discal duplex line, beyond
which is a triangular costal spot before the apex, and from the lower angle of which
depends a short white zigzag line ; the costal interspaces between the discal line and
triangular spot, and its lower line being streaked with dark brown; a slight brown
lunular marginalline ; base of wing also slightly speckled with white; a black puncti-
form orbicular spot and an obsolescent reniform mark : hindwing with a medial
transverse white-speckled bordered blackish duplex sinuous line, and an outer
marginal row of broad blackisli lunules, which are inwardly bordered with white
speckles. Body, palpi, and legs brown; tarsi and spurs white; abdomen with
slender white segmental bands.
Expanse If inch.
Genus EPISPARIS.
Episparis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. x. p. 475 (1856).
Neviasca, Walker, id. xvi. p. 7 (1858).
Pradiota, Walker, id. xxxv. p. 1572 (1866).
Male. Forewing elongated, rather broad, very slightly arched at the end, apex
HYPENID^. 217
acute, exterior margin slightly oblique and angular in the middle ; cell more than
half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second
at one-sixth, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second, and fourth at two-thirds
from base of third, fifth from end of cell and slightly touching third near its base ;
discocellular slightly concave, radials from close to each end ; middle median from
angle close to end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian recurved : hindwing quad-
rate, apex convex, exterior margin angular in the middle ; cell two-fifths the length ;
two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, slender, slightly
concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower
at about one-fourth ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout,
palpi ascending, laxly squamose ; second joint reaching level of the eyes, third short,
one-fifth length of the second, blunt at the tip ; autennoe in male broadly bipectinated
to one-third the length, the branches densely ciliated ; setose in female ; legs slightly
pilose ; spurs long.
Type, B. penetrata.
EPISPARIS VARIALIS (Plate 175, Fig. \2,S)-
Neviasca varialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 7 (1858),,^ 5 .
Episparis signala, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1032 (1867), (^.
Episparis Davallia, Felder et Rogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 120, f. 41 (1874), $ .
Lilacine ochreous-browu : forewing with the disc and apex traversed by an
ochreous fascia ; crossed by an indistinct subbasal, and an antemedial outwardly
curved lilacine-white bordered brown line, and an undulated discal line, each line
dilated at the costal end, beyond which is a marginal row of chestnut-brown lunules,
the upper lunule being large and extending from the apex to the middle angle, the
lunules also being bordered within by a slender lilacine-white line ; a black punctiform
orbicular spot, and a large bilobate pure white reniform mark : hindwing with the
disc clouded with ochreous ; crossed by a brownish discal angular line, a lilacine-
white bordered slender brown submarginal line, and chestnut-brown marginal lunules,
which are inwardly bordered by a lilacine-white line. Cilia dark brown towards the
apex. Body, head, palpi, and fore tibite ochreous-brown ; middle and hind legs, and
tarsi, white, with brown speckles.
Expanse Itij inch. ^^^
Family HYPENIDiE.
Wings broad, delicate : forewing often with tufts of prominent scales. Antennaj
straight, furnished with cilite or with pubescent scales ; legs long ; palpi compressed,
generally long, alike in both sexes, porrect, and pilose.
Larva cylindrical, elongated, moniliform, having, generally, only three pair of
VOL. III. F f
218 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
middle legs, the first pair being unfit for walking ; head small and globular. Lives
unconcealed. Pupa in a very slight shell.
Genus CORCOBARA.
Cvrcohnra, Moore, Desc. Lcp. Coll. Atk. p. 186 (1882).
Forewing very long, narrow ; costa slightly arched at the base, from whence it
is straight to the end ; apex very acutely pointed ; exterior margin short, upper half
erect, concave, and angled outward at end of upper median vein, very oblique hind-
ward ; posterior margin broadly convex ; cell extending two-thirds the wing ; first
subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid,
fifth from end of the cell, bent upward and joined by a short spur to third near its base ;
discocellular bent at each end, very convex in middle, radials from the angles ;
middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-half before the end ; sub-
median slightly curved near base: hindwing long, somewhat narrow ; exterior margin
very obliquely convex, and slightly angular in the middle ; costal vein straight,
extending to apex; cell nearly half the wing; two subcostals from end of the cell;
discocellular concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the
cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein slightly curved.
Body moderately stout, abdomen rather long ; palpi very long, three-eighths of an
inch in length, porrect, flat, very compactly squamose, second joint attenuating to
anterior end and extending two-thirds its length beyond the head, third joint more than
half length of second, truncate at tip ; legs compactly clothed ; antennae very minutelv
bipectinated.
CORCOBARA ANGTILIPENNIS (Plate 176, Fig. 3).
Corcohara angulipennis, Moore, De.sc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 186, pi. vi. li:,^ 16 (1882).
Forewing purplish brownish-ochreous, washed with glaucous grey ; crossed by
numerous very indistinct, purplish-grey rather long slender strigas ; the costal and
posterior bordei'S sparsely black speckled ; an ochreous reniform mark with a black
dot at its upper and lower end : hindwing bright ochreous-yellow, with a large black
subapical spot. Thorax, palpi, fore and middle legs in front purplish-brownish-
ochreous, fi-out of thorax ochreous; abdomen bright ochreous-yellow. Underside
ochreous-yellow ; both wings with a blackish subapical spot, and black speckles on
costal border.
Expanse 2 to 2-^ inches.
CORCOBARA THWAITESI (Plate 176, Fig. 2, 2a ^ 9, 26 larva).
Forewing dark olivescent purplish-brown ; crossed by indistinct pale bordered
black, somewhat irregularly disposed strigfB ; basal area below the cell, in male,
yellow speckled, and with a short oblique yellowish speckled streak ascending from
IIYPENIDyE. 219
middle of the posterior margin : hindwing yellow, witli a black oval subapical spot.
Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs olivaceous-brown ; middle and hindlegs ochreous ;
abdomen yellow, tipt with brown.
Expanse i 2 ItV inch.
Larva semilooped, elongated ; with 16 legs, the two first middle pair aborted
and unfit for walking ; a slight conical dorsal hump on 12th segment ; colour greyish-
brown above, purplish-brown beneath ; sides greyish-white and traversed by a
longitudinal brown line ; spiracles black ; head ochreous-yellow, with a black spot in
front; legs blackish.
Pupa elongated, narrow, purplish-red.
Genus ANORATHA.
Anoratha, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1867), p. 82.
Forewing long, narrow, triangular; apex acute, shghtly falcate, exterior margin
very oblique, slightly angular in the middle, posterior margin in male about half
length of the anterior ; cell extending beyond half the length ; first subcostal emitted
at three-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-eighth, trifid, fifth from end and
slightly touching third near the base ; discocellular inwardly oblique, recurved, bent
close to upper end and below the middle, radials from the angles ; middle median
fi-om close to end of the cell, lower at one-half ; submedian much curved at the base :
hindwing rather- narrow, anterior margin extending beyond posterior margin of
forewing ; apex rounded, exterior margin angular in the middle ; cell half the length,
broad ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular inwardly oblique, slightly
concave, radial from above the middle ; two upper medians from beyond end of the
cell, recurved upwards, lower median at about one-half and almost parallel with the
upper ; submedian and internal veins slightly recurved. Body slender ; thorax and
head laxly clothed, frontal tuft pilose ; palpi porrect, long, compressed ; second joint
clothed above and beneath with short hairs, straight, slightly recurved in the female,
ascending slightly upward and outward to level of the vertex and extending half its
length beyond the frontal tuft, third joint about one-third the length of second,
fusiform ; antenna3 in male setose, with a few longer very slender lashes ; simple in
the female ; abdomen long, attenuated and extending half beyond the hindwing in
male, and with a valvular pilose tuft at the apex ; legs very long, slender, squamous ;
femora slightly fringed beneath ; spurs long and slender.
Type, A. costalis.
ANORATHA PARITALIS (Plate 176, Fig. 7 c?> 7a $).
Hypena imritalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 65 (1858).
Male. Forewing ohvescent ochreous-brown, indistinctly flecked with short
F f 2
220 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
transverse browu-speckled striga3 ; a slender ochreous-wlaite band extending along
the costal border ; a transverse postmedial inwardly-oblique brown line with pale
outer border, beyond which is a submarginal series of white-centred brown dentate
spots ; a small white spot at upper and lower end of the cell : hindwing pale purplish
cinereous-brown, the outer border being slightly ochreous. Cilia brown, alternated
with ochreous spots. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs olivescent ochreous-brown ;
abdomen purplish cinereous-brown, the tip ochreous.
Female. Forewing olivescent brownish-ochreous ; speckled with brown ; the
transverse postmedial line and submarginal spots as in male : hindwing and abdomen
paler purpHsh cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, palpi and forelegs brighter brownish
ochreous ; palpi brown beneath.
Expanse, c? lA, ? lA inch.
Genus DICHROMIA.
Dichromia, Gueaee, DeltoMes et Pyral. p. 18 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 13.
Calymma (part), Hiibuei-, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 281.
Forewing rather stout, moderately broad, elongated, exterior margin convex,
shghtly oblique ; cell narrow, extending beyond half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at two-fourths before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, fifth from
end and slightly touching third at some distance from the base ; discocellular concave
in middle, bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median at one-eighth,
lower at one-half ; submedian slightly recurved : hindwing short, broad, apex rounded,
exterior margin oblique, slightly convex ; cell extending to half the length ; two
subcostals fi-om end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial
from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at nearly one-
half ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; thorax laxly
squamous ; frontal tuft pilose ; palpi porrect, long, broad, laxly squamous, compressed,
second joint of equal breadth throughout, extending far beyond the head, third joint
nearly half length of second, broad, terminated by an acute tip ; antennas with minute
equal cihaj and fine lashes in the male ; legs stout, tibiae villose in male, spurs long.
Type, D. orosialis.
DICHROMIA OROSIA (Plate 176, Fig. \ S , \a larva).
Plialirna Noctua Orosia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 149, pi. 275, fig. D (1782).
Calymma Orosia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 281.
Dichromia orosialis, Guenee, Dt4t. et Pyr. p. 18; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 14.
Forewing purpUsh-cinereous, speckled with black scales ; with a broad short
blackish-brown medial costal triangular band: hindwing ochreous-yellow, with a
broad blackish-brown marginal band, which tapers hindward, but does not reach
HYPENIBM. 221
the anal angle. Thorax, head, fore and middle legs purplish-cinereous, black scaled ;
palpi black, shghtly speckled with cinereous scales ; hindlegs ochreous-yellow.
Expanse 1t% to \t^ inch.
Larva elongated ; with 16 legs ; pale green ; head and hind part of the segments
yellowish ; with several rows of small black raised spots ; head also with black spots ;
anterior legs black ; middle and hindlegs olivaceous. Pupa thickish, reddish, with
black bands.
DICHROMIA PTJLLATA (Plate 176, Fig. 4).
Forewing umber-brown, sparsely black speckled at the base ; with a broad
medial transverse quadrate patch of blackish brown extending to the submedian vein,
the patch containing one wbite dot within the cell in the male, and two in the female ;
the inner border of the patch is outwardly curved, and the outer border margined
by a wavy black line, which is continued to the posterior margin ; outer area of the
wing thickly speckled with greyish-white scales, which are most densely packed
along the border of the patch, at the apex, and bordering the marginal row of black
dentate spots ; below the apex is a curved blackish-brown streak, above which are
two black spots with white tips, the lower outer area also being traversed by two
rows of blackish lunules with greyish- white borders : hindwing dusky brown, with
the lower discal area white. Body, palpi, and legs dusky brown.
Expanse \-h to liij inch.
Genus BOMOLOCHA.
Bomolocha, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 343 (1825-7) ; Stephens, Illust. Brit. Ent. Haust. iv. App.
p. 416 (1835) ; Lederer, Noct. Eur. p. 214.
Differs from typical Hypena (H. rostralis). Forewing comparatively shorter,
broader, and more triangular in shape ; scales on orbicular and reniform marks not
raised ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-sixth,
fifth from end and joined to third for a short distance near its base ; middle median
at one-tentb, lower at two-fifths : hindwing not so broad as in H. rostralis, the
exterior margin being more regularly convex ; cell nearly half the length, of moderate
breath ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; two upper medians also from end of
the cell. Thorax more robust, laxly clothed; abdomen with dorsal crests; head
smaller ; head and frontal tuft laxly clothed ; palpi smaller, less robust, narrower,
clothed with longer, slender, and more laxly disposed hairy scales ; apical joint
horizontal ; femora fringed beneath ; tibise compactly pilose ; antenna stouter, setose.
Type, B. crassalis.
BOMOLOCHA VESTITA (Plate 176, Fig. 10).
Hypena rkombalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hat. B. M. xvi. p. 56 (1858) nee Guenee.
Forewing purplish-ferruginous, with a large ferruginous-black patch occupying
222 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
tlie upper basal two-tliirds of the wing, the patch bordered by a slender white outer
line ; the outer border of the patch with a rounded projecting angle in the middle of
the disc, the lower border ascending obhquely upwards to near base of the cell ;
across the disc is a submarginal series of indistinct black points with white speckled
tips, and a subapical curved dentated black streak : hindwing and abdomen ferruginous-
brown ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse IfV inch.
Genus HYPENA.
Hijpena, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii.2, p. 163 (1802); Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sehmett, p. 345 ; Treitscbke,
Sehmett, Eur. vi. 2, p. 311.
Forewing rather short, somewhat narrow ; costa arched from the base, apex
acute, exterior margin slightly oblique and almost angular in the middle ; orbicular
and reniform spot composed of a small patch of raised scales ; cell narrow, extending
nearly two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the
cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third from below second immediately above end of
cell, fourth at more than half beyond base of third, fifth from end of cell and slightly
touching third near its base; discocellular sUghtly concave in middle, bent near
each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from about one-twelfth, lower at
one-third; submedian recurved: hindwing very broad, apex somewhat produced,
exterior margin convex below the middle ; cell very broad, extending half the length ;
costal and subcostal joined together to one-third length of the cell ; two subcostals
from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, radial from below its middle ; two upper
medians on a footstalk at one-sixth beyond end of the cell, lower about one-third ;
submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; frontal tuft projecting
beyond the head ; palpi porrect, laxly clothed with strong coarse long scales, com-
pressed, second joint extending its entire length beyond the head, third joint ascending,
broad, one-fifth the length of second, pointed at the tip ; a dorsal tuft at base of
abdomen ; antennas minutely pectinated, with short slender lashes in male ; setose in
female ; legs moderately slender, compactly clothed, spurs long.
Type, H. rostralis.
HYPENA MOLPUSALIS.
Ilrjpena Molpusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 844 (1859).
Hypena aubapicalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1137 (1865).
Ilypcna sparsalis, Walker, id. p. 1511.
Purplish greyish-brown : forewing blackish speckled ; crossed by an irregular
zigzag antemedial black speckled duplex line, and a postmedial line, the latter
angulated outward beyond the cell and on the lower median vein ; both lines with
cinereous speckled border ; a submarginal whitish speckled denticulated Hue, and a
HYPENID^. 223
marginal row of whitish bordered black lunules ; orbicular and reniform mark puncti-
form, black : hindwing paler, with a blackish marginal line. Thorax, head, palpi,
and legs purplish greyish-brown; abdomen and tarsi with pale cinereous bands.
Expanse 1 inch.
HYPENA JOCOSALIS.
Hypena jocosalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 57 (1858)
Forewing purplish cinereous-brown, speckled with darker brown scales ; with a
dark brown longitudinal fascia extending from base below the cell, widening across the
disc, and curving upward to below the apes, the fascia crossed by an antemedial
zigzag purpHsh-cinereous duplex line, and an inwardly oblique, postmedial interlined
purplish-cinereous band, beyond which is a lower submarginal cinereous line;
two dentate black subapical spots, and a marginal blackish line ; a black orbicular
dot and a pale reniform streak : hindwing and abdomen pale brown, with a blackish
marginal line. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs purplish-cinereous, brown speckled.
Expanse ItV inch.
HYPENA COLOMBANA (Plate 176, Fig. 8).
Male. Purplish greyish-brown : forewing crossed by an antemedial pale bordered
black line, which is acutely bent outward at the median vein, the upper end of the
line indistinct ; an inwardly oblique slightly waved discal black line with a parallel
pale outer bordered line ; lower half of the area between the lines dark brown ; three
submarginal waved brownish fascite, which are dilated into a curved subapical dark
brown streak, above which are two white tipt black spots ; marginal lunular line
black : hindwing, and abdomen paler purplish greyish-brown.
Expanse 1^ inch.
Near to H. jocosalis.
HYPENA BIANGULATA (Plate 176, Fig. 9).
Male. Purplish-brown : forewing crossed by an inwardly-oblique white-bordered
black antemedial line ending on the median vein ; a discal inwardly-oblique pale
bordered black line, which is convexly angulated at end of the cell and above the
submedian ; the interspace between the lines dark brown, this colour being most
intense immediately below the cell ; a black dot in middle of the cell, and a slight
reddish lunule at its end ; at the apex are two white-tipt black spots, below which
is a subapical curved dark brown pale-bordered streak, ending in two lower brown
waved submarginal fasciae ; marginal luuular line brown : hindwing and abdomen
paler purplish-brown.
Expanse Itu inch.
Nearest to H. gonospilalis.
224 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
HYPENA L-ffiSALIS (Plate 175, Fig. 10).
Hypena lasalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 62 (1858).
Purplish cinereous-brown : forewings with the basal area to the postmedial line
dark brown, with iridescent green tints in some lights ; antemedial line indistinct,
undulated ; postmedial line inwardly oblique, straight, black, whitish bordered exter-
nally ; a recurved subapical slender white streak bordered beneath with dark brown ;
apical black spots dentate and white tipt ; marginal pointed line with white tips ;
basal and middle cell spot black : hindwing, and body cinereous-brown.
Expanse -nr inch.
" Colombo, January " (Machvood).
HYPENA COGNATA (Plate 175, Fig. 8).
Allied to H. kesalis. Dififers on the forewing in the postmedial white-bordered
line being erect and bent outward at the end of the cell and at the lower median
vein ; the outer area of the wing is also paler and of a greyer tint of colour ; the
subapical white streak is deeply concave below the black dentate spots ; the dark-
brown colour bordering the lower side of the subapical streak does not extend down
the submarginal area.
Expanse A inch.
HYPENA LACERATALIS (Plate 176, Fig. 5 ^,5a ? ).
Hypena laceratalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 60 (1858) j .
Hypena complalis, Walker, MS. Coll. B. M. g.
Male. Forewing dark brown, speckled with greyish-white and black scales ;
crossed by an antemedial black angulated line, and a more distinct postmedial line,
the latter bordered externally by greyish-white scales ; a curved greyish-white
speckled streak from the apex, above which are two white bordered black dentate
spots ; some costal white dots also before the apex ; a blackish lunular marginal line
with white inner border ; the lower submarginal area traversed by greyish-white
scaled sinuous fascia ; a black spot at base of the cell and another spot in its middle :
hindwing, and abdomen dark brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs speckled
with greyish-white scales ; tarsi with pale bands.
Female. Forewing of an ochreous-brown tint, sparsely speckled with black and
grey scales, the basal area obliquely paler ochreous, and crossed by the brown speckled
antemedial angulated line, the upper medial area being dark brown ; postmedial line
and markings on outer border more prominent than in male, and the cell spots more
distinct.
Expanse, c? 1^, ? t% to 1 t^^ inch.
UYTENIDJE. 225
HYPINA LABATALIS (Plate 176, Fig. 6).
ITypnm hhatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 66 (1858).
Cinereous-brown : forewing sliglitly speckled witli black, and witli a slight
purplish tinge ; posterior border broadly pale brownish-ochreous, the medial area
from the costal to submedian vein occupied by a broad oblique quadrate blackish -
bordered dark brown band ; a prominent curved whitish streak from the apex, above
which are white-bordered black spots ; cell spots black ; marginal lunules blackish,
pale bordered : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, and palpi
dark browu.
Expanse tV inch.
HYPENA QU.a:SITALIS.
Hi/pena qutvsifalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 58 (1858).
Forewing dark ferruginous-brown, the basal area speckled with metallic green
scales ; crossed by an outwardly-oblique antemedial white-bordered black line, which
ends on the submedian vein ; an erect undulated postmedial white-bordered black
line, which is outwardly bordered by diffused wavy lilacine fasciee ; followed by a sub-
marginal pale line, which is denticulated with white at its costal end, and outwardly
bordered below the apex with white speckles ; marginal line brown, bordered with
white : hindwing paler brown, with a dark brown marginal line, which has a short
white inner streak on its middle ; cilia pale below the apex and before the anal angle.
Thorax, head, and palpi dark ferruginous-brown ; tarsi with pale bands ; abdominal
crests very dai'k brown.
Expanse Iro inch.
HYPENA ICOHICALIS (Plate 175, Fig. 9).
Hypma iconicalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 61 (1858).
Dark purplish ferruginous-brown, with an opaline hue in some lights ; the basal
half darkest coloured in the male, the division being defined by a more or less distinct
whitish-speckled line, which is almost straight and erect ; also crossed by an indistinct
antemedial browu augulated line ; a small black spot at base of the cell, and in the
male another spot in middle of the cell, the latter being outwardly tipt with white ;
outer half of the wing sparsely black scaled ; with a submarginal series of white-tipt
black dentate spots ; some white jjoints on the costa before the apex : hindwing
duller coloured ; marginal line dark brown. Thorax dark fei'ruginous-brown,
opalescent ; head and palpi hoary.
Expanse 1 to 1|- inch.
HYPENA MANDATALIS.
Hypena manthxtalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 58 (185S).
Forewing pale purplish greyish-brown, glossy, speckled with dark brown scales ;
basal half dark purplish-brown, the division across the middle being by a slender
VOL. III. G g
226 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
biano-ulated white line ; a transverse pale antemedial line, which is bent inward from
the subcostal, and is suffusedly bordered on its lower outer side by olive-green ; a
submaro-inal row of dark brown points with white tips, and a dark brown speckled
streak below the apex ; a marginal row of minute black points ; a white-tipt black
orbicular spot, and a black lunate reniform mark: hindwing and abdomen pale
brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs, and dorsal tufts on abdomen, dark
purplish-brown ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse 1 inch.
HYPENA LIGNEALIS.
Ili/pcna liijncalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1138 (1865).
Forewing brownish-ochreous, sparsely speckled with brown ; crossed by a short
outwardly-oblique antemedial pale streak, and an inwardly-oblique postmedial streak;
the basal, medial, and subapical area speckled with dark bro-wu ; a black orbicular
spot ; marginal points black : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Thorax,
head, palpi, and forelegs brownish-ochreous.
Expanse ItV inch.
HYPENA SURREPTALIS.
Hypena stmrptaJis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 84 (1858).
" Female. Cinereous : forewings subfalcate, moderately broad, speckled with
black ; interior line very indistinct ; exterior line brown, straight, oblique, broad,
with a pale outer border ; submarginal line indistinct, shortened in front by a deep
black almost-divided subapical streak, in front of which is a little whitish line ;
mardnal lunules black : orbicular mark formino- a brown dot : hindwings without
markings. Thorax speckled with black. Abdomen and hindwings somewhat paler.
" Expanse 12 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
HYPENA DETERSALIS.
Hypena detcrsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 232 (1858).
" Male. Testaceous-cinereous : wings partly and slightly tinged with fawn
colour; lines pale, partly bordered with brown; interior line straight, obhque ;
exterior hne vmdulating; submarginal line denticulated, accompanied by some black
points ; marginal points black. Forewing with a large pale-bordered reniform mark.
Palpi with a black band near the tip.
" Expanse 7 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L. Layard.
HYPENA INEFFECTALIS.
Hypena ineffecfalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 85 (1858).
Brownish-cinereous : forewing subfalcate ; transverse lines brown, denticulated,
KYPENIB.Tl. 227
indistinct; orbicular mark black, pnnctiform ; marginal lunules brown: hindwing
with a brownish band and a discal mark.
Expanse tV inch.
HYPENA STIPATA.
Kunafjuna stipatn, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. !M. xxvii. p. 8.5 (1863).
Cinereous-brown : forewing partly pale cinereous, thinly black speckled ; with
an outwardly-oblique antemedial interlined brown streak from the costa to below
end of the cell, which is traversed by two longitudinal pale fawn-coloured parallel
lines, which extend from the base to the disc, and are there bent forward, the inner
line bordering the outer side of a triangular black mark at end of tiie cell; a sub-
marginal series of cinereous-bordered blackish points, and a marginal row of lunules :
hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Tarsi with brown bands.
Expanse i^ inch.
Genus MARAPANA.
Forewing elongated, rather broad ; apex acute, exterior margin slightly oblique
and convex ; cell extending half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths
before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end and joined by a short
spur to third at its base ; discocellular concave in the middle, bent near each end,
radials from the angles ; middle median at one-ninth, lower at one-third ; submedian
curved at the base : hindwing rather long and narrow, quadrate ; exterior margin
oblique, abruptly angled at lower median ; abdominal margin very short ; cell extend-
ing two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at
one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight, very short. Body moderately
stout, smooth ; palpi porrect, much longer than the thorax, compressed, clothed with
long coarse spatular hairy scales above, the scales longest at the base, compactly
scaled beneath; third joint ascending, one-third length of the second, clothed with
similar coarse spatular hairy scales above and beneath, and pointed at the tip ;
antennae slender, with fine short lashes ; legs long, slender, squamous, spurs slender,
fore tibia3 swollen, j^ilose beneath.
Type, M. raralis.
MARAPANA RAKALIS.
Hypena raralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 65 (18.58).
Pale ochreous-red : both wings minutely speckled with black scales ; with an
inwardly-oblique transverse discal straight brown line, which is pale bordered on its
inner side; a submarginal zigzag pale fascia formed by the absence of the black
scales ; a marginal row of black dots ; a black dot also in middle of the cell in fore-
wing. Thorax, head, and abdomen not speckled with black scales ; palpi dark
G g 2
228 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
brown, speckled with red scales ; femora and tibiae reddish ; fore and middle tarsi
dark brown.
Expanse IfV inch.
MARAPANA INCONGRUALIS (Plate 177, Fig. 5).
Hypena incongrualls, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 232 (1858).
Forewing dull yellowish-ochreous, sparsely speckled with minute red scales ;
crossed by an antemedial, medial, and a postmedial denticulated red-speckled line,
each ending on the costa in a short black streak ; a submarginal and marginal row
of distinct black points ; cilia also slightly spotted with black and red scales ; a
blackish dot at base of the cell, and two larger spots at end of the cell : hindwing
dusky brown, speckled with ochreous at the base ; a short subaual streak, and the
outer border and cilia ochreous, with some marginal black points along the middle.
Body, palpi, and legs yellowish-ochreous; abdomen speckled with dusky brown scales
above ; legs with reddish-brown scales ; tarsi blackish above and with pale bands.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus OPHIUCHE.
Ophiuche, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 344 (1825-27).
Wings short : forewing triangular ; apex almost subfalcate ; cell narrow, ex-
tending nearly three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before
end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end and slightly toiiching third
near its base; discocellular very slender, bent near the ends, radials from the angles;
middle median at one-ninth before end of cell, lower at four-ninths ; submedian
curved : hindwing rather broad, exterior margin convex ; cell fully half the length ;
two sul)costals from end of cell; discocellular ontwardly oblique, bent below the
middle, radial from the angle; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-
third. Body moderately slender ; abdomen keeled above ; head very pilose in front ;
palpi porrect, compressed, laxly squamose, projecting three-fourths beyond the head,
of nearly equal breadth throughout ; third joint one-third length of second, obliquely
ascending, acutely pointed at tip ; antennte crenulated, finely bipectinated to tip ;
legs slender, tibias laxly squamose, spurs long.
Type, 0. lividalis.
OPHIUCHE CONSCITALIS (Plate 175, Fig. 4).
Hypena conscitalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1509 (1865).
Hypena perna, FelJer et Eogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi 120, fig. 8 (1874).
Forewing purplish-cinereous, with the basal area below the subcostal vein
obliquely across the disc to the costa before the apex brownish-ochreous, the sub-
costal edge of which is defined by a whitish line and two equidistant black dots, the
7/ YPENID.E. 229
oblique discal edge being defined bj a slightly curved white-bordered black line ;
outer border of the wing traversed by two whitish-speckled luuular fascife, the outer
fascia with indistinct black-speckled points ; marginal and intercilial line brown :
hindwing duller brownish-cinereous ; cilia cinereous-white. Body brownish-cinereous;
palpi hoary.
Expanse yv to 1 inch.
OPHIUCHE MISTACALIS (Plate 175, Fig. 6, 9 ).
Hciininia mistacalis, Giicuee, Deltoides et Pyralites, p. 60 (1854).
Hypena pactalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 64 (1858).
Forewing pale cinereous, speckled with brown; crossed hj four equidistant,
outwardly-oblique, indistinct, pale-bordered brown lines, the three inner lines slightly
bent inward at the costal ends, the outer line straight, diffused, extending to apical
angle, and bordered on its outside by a parallel slender brown line : hindwing and
body pale cinereous-brown ; marginal line dusky brown. Thorax and palpi speckled
with cinereous.
Expanse to to tu inch.
OPHIUCHE OBACERALIS (Plate 175, Fig. 5, ^J).
Hypena obaceralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het B. M. xvi. p. 53 (1858).
1 Hypena obliqualis, KoUar, Hugels Kaschmir, iv. p. 491 (1844).
Cinereous-brown : forewing indistinctly flecked with minute darker brown strigte ;
crossed by a slender brown angulated erect antemedial line, and a whitish-bordered
brown inwardly- oblique almost straight discal line ; a black orbicular spot ; a few
white-bordered black scales linearly disposed below the cell, and a more or less
defined submarginal macular series of black and white scales : hindwing, body, and
palpi duller cinereous-brown ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse, <J 1, ? to inch.
" Common at Colomba " (Machwood).
Genus NOLASENA.
N-olasena, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 981 (1857).
Male. Forewing rather short, somewhat broad, almost sti-aight in front, exterior
margin hardly oblique, slightly uneven; cell two-fifths the length; first subcostal
one-third before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell
and slightly touching third near its base; discocellular concave, bent very close to
each end, radials from the angles ; middle median about one-sixth, lower nearly
one-half ; submedian curved from the base : hindwing short, exterior margin convex,
slightly uneven ; cell one-half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ;
230 THE LEPIDOPTETiA OE CEYLON.
discocellular very slender, concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians
from end of cell, lower at onc-tliird ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
stout ; palpi stout, obliquely ascending, compi-essed, second joint laxly squamoso in
front, third joint smooth, lanceolate, half-length of second ; antenufe minutely ciliated ;
legs stout, smooth ; femora rather broad ; fore tibite short, middle tibiae slightly pilose,
hind tibia3 thick, spurs very long.
NOLASENA FERRIFERVENS (Plate 177, Fig. 9, q).
NolasenafcrriferveHS, Walker, Calul. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 982 (1857).
Cinereous ochreous-brown : forewing with three transverse outwardly-oblique
crimson bands; the outer band undulated, and bordered externally by a parallel
slender black and white line and a shining glaucous waved band ; a similar glaucous
Imnd also between the two inner crimson bands ; a row of indistinct short crimson
marginal streaks between the veins, and a marginal crimson lunular line ; some white
costal points before the apex : hindwing and body cinereous ochreous-brown. Palpi
and legs brownish-ochreous.
Expanse S ? tV inch.
Family HERMINIIDJE.
Forewing stout, pulverose : hindwing with variable markings, but always with
some traces of the lines of the forewing ; antennae pubescent, with longer ciha3 on
each joint, exteriorly often curled, or tumid, or furnished with a tuft of hairs or
scales ; fore tibia3 often tumid and furnished with brushes of silky hairs, or with
bunches of woolly or scaly hairs ; palpi variable, generally curved upward, differing
according to sex; third joint in the male frequently very long and tufted and bent
backward over the thorax.
Larva short and thick ; with 16 feet. Lives more or less concealed. Pupa in a
variable shell.
Genus HERMINIA,
Hermrnia, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Gen. Crust, et lus. iii. p. 413 (1802); ul. xiv. p. 227 (1805); St.
Faig. et Serv. Euc. Metli. x. p. 680 (1825).
Polypogon* Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 2, p. 161 (1802).
Pogonitis, Sodoffsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mose. pt. vi. p. 18 (1837).
Pecliipofjon, Hiibner, Veiz. bek. Sclimett. p. 344 (1825-27).
Male. Forewing elongated, rather broad ; costa slightly arched, apex acute,
exterior margin oblique, hardly convex in the middle ; cell extending neai^ly three-
fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second
* Previously used in Botany.
IIERMIXIIDyE. 231
from very close to tlie end, trifid, third at half-lengtli from base of second, and fourtli
at half from base of third, fiftli from end of cell and slightly touching second at half-
way between its base and third ; discocellular very concave in the middle, bent near
each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from close to end of cell, lower at
two-fifths; submedian slightly recurved: hiudwing rather long, quadrate, exterior
margin oblique aud convexly angular in the middle; cell extending half the length,
broad ; two subcostals on a footstalk at about one-third beyond the cell ; discocellular
bent inward above the middle, radial from near lower end; two upper medians from
a footstalk one-fifth beyond the cell, lower at about one-third before end of the cell ;
submedian and internal vein straight. Body rather slender ; palpi obliquely ascend-
ing, compressed, clothed above and beneath with rather long lax stout hairy scales ;
second joint very long, third joint about one-third the length of second and pointed
at its tip ; antennae bipectinated, the branches stout at the base and ciliated, shaft
very slightly swollen on its inner side towards the middle ; legs long, squamous ;
fore femora tufted at the knee ; fore tibiee thickened, laxly squamous ; fore tarsi
exposed.
Tiji^e, H. ventilabris, Latr. (harhalls, Clerck).
HERMINIA TIMONALIS.
Herminia Timonalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 239 (1858).
" Male. Fawn colour. "Wings with a whitish straight oblique submarginal line,
which is diffusedly bordered with brown on the inner side ; marginal lunules brown.
Forewings with the basal, interior, and exterior lines blackish, undulating ; reniform
mark represented by a black spot : hindwings cinereous, with a brown discal mark
and an exterior brown line. Abdomen cinereous ; palpi long, reverted over tlie head
and fore part of thorax, slightly fringed ; second joint slightly curved ; third straight,
lanceolate, rather more than half-length of second, with which it forms an angle ;
antenufe setose, nodose before the middle, curved from thence to tip ; forelegs densely
tufted about the knees.
"Expanse 13 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
HERMINIA DIFFUSALIS.
Herminia diffusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. E. M. xvi. p. 239 (1858).
" Male. Fawn colour. Forewings with the lines brown, denticulated ; a brown
straight middle band ; submarginal line diffuse on the inner side ; marginal points
black; reniform mark brown, narrow, pale bordered : hindwings-brownish cinereous,
with three brown lines aud bi'own marginal lunules. Palpi long, reverted over the
head and forepart of thorax ; second joint pubescent, much curved ; third lanceolate.
232 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
straight, shorter tlian the second ; antenna beset with curved setas ; abdomen slightly
compressed at the tip ; fore tibiee much dilated.
"Expanse 9 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L. Layard.
Genus ^THIA.
yEtliia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 339 (1825-27); Stephens, Illiist. Brit. Ent. Haust. iv. p. 17
(1831).
Sophronia* Duponohel, Catal. Lep. Eur. p. 211 (1846); Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 49 (1854) ;
Wiilker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xvi. p. 93 ; Heiuemann, Schmett. Deutsch. i. p. G03 (1859).
Zanclorjnathn (part), Lederer, Noct. Eur. p. 211.
Forewing elongate, triangular, rather broad, exterior margin convexly angular in
the middle ; cell broad, extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-
half before end of the cell, second at one-eight, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and
joined to third by a short spur near its base ; discocellular concave in the middle,
bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median at one-sixth before end
of the cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian slightly curved : hindwing short, broad,
exterior margin obliquely convex ; cell nearly half the length ; two subcostals from
end of the cell ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from below the angle ; two
upper medians from end of cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian and internal vein
slightly curved. Body moderately stout, squamous; palpi obliquely ascending,
slightly curved, moderately long ; second joint squamous, almost linear ; third joint
linear, half-length of the second ; antennae crenulated, with short fine cilice ; legs
rather slender, squamous, spurs long.
Type, M. emortualis.
iETHIA ALBICOSTA.
Female. Ochreous-brown : forewing with a slender white line extending along
the costal edge ; a very indistinct transverse autemedial diffused brown line, and a
postmedial pale-bordei'ed brown line, both lines starting from the subcostal vein ; a
marginal row of black dots, and a black spot at end of the cell : hindwing with
a similar transverse antemedial and postmedial line, marginal row of black dots, and
a pale spot at end of the cell. Body ochreous-brown ; head, palpi, and forelegs
darker brown.
Expanse 1|- inch.
Genus NODARIA.
NodarUi, Guenee, Delt. et P^-ral. p. 63 (1854); LeJerer, Noct. Eur. p. 211 (1857;; Walker, Catal.
Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 116.
Forewing elongated, narrow ; cell extending to more than half the length ; first
Previously used by Iliibner for a genus of Lepidoptera.
HERMiyilD.E. 233
subcostal emitted at nearly one-lialf before end of the cell, second fi'om close to tlie
end, trifid, fiftli from end of the cell and slightly touching the third close to its base;
discocellular concave in middle, bent near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle
median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submcdian curved :
hindwing rather broad, convex externally ; cell nearly half the length ; two
subcostals from end of the cell; discocellular concave, radial from lower end;
two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian and
internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; abdomen smooth ; palpi much
curved, smoothly squamose, second joint ascending to level of vertex, third joint
nearly as long as the second, lanceolate, very acute at the tip, its upper edge
with a few fine hairs ; antennse of male increasing in thickness from the base
to near the middle, where it is incrassated and bent, thence to the tip slender,
pubescent, and with two bristles on eacli joint, the incrassated portion being also
slightly tufted above ; anteunge simple in female ; legs stout, fore tibife in male
robust, villose, tufted ; fore tarsi short; middle and hind legs laxly squamose, spurs
long.
NOD ARIA CINGALA.
Male. Forewing dark violaceous greyish-brown ; crossed by an indistinct black
zigzag antemedial line and a recurved postmedial denticulated line, followed by a
submarginal denticulated line with greyish- white points ; an indistinct black reniform
mark : hindwing pale brownish-white, with faint traces of a transverse brownish
discal fascia and marginal border. Thorax, head, palpi, antennte, and legs dark
greyish-brown ; abdomen paler ; a radiating tuft of ochreous-white hairs on fore
tibige.
Expanse |- inch.
A smaller insect than N. externalis. Differs also in its shorter forewing, and in
the colour of the hindwing.
Genus AGINNA.
Aginna, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1022 (1865),^ .
Forewing elongated, moderately broad ; cell extending to half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-half befoi'e end of the cell, second immediately before end
of the cell, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, free ; discocellular extremely slender,
concave, radials from the ends ; middle median from near end of the cell, lower at
two-fifths ; submedian recurved from the base : hindwing rather broad, costa some-
what long, exterior margin slightly angular beyond the middle ; two subcostals from
end of the cell ; discocellular extremely slender, radial from lower end ; two upper
medians from end of cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian and internal
vein wide apart. Body moderately stout, anal tuft compressed ; palpi curved upward
VOL. III. H h
234 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
over the head, comjjrcssecl, squamose, sHghtly pilose on its upper edge, second
joint reaching level of the vertex, broadest at its lower end, third joint lanceolate,
two-thirds the length of second ; antennas in male setose, pubescent, incrassated and
slightly tufted at one-third its length ; legs stout ; forelegs and middle femora laxly
fringed, fore tibite densely clothed with short adpressed hairs; middle and hind tibi^
laxly pilose, spurs long, slender.
Tijpe, A. circumscripta.
AGINNA ROBUSTALIS (Plate 177, Fig 1, la, ^,?).
Senninia rohustalis, Guunee, Deltoides et Pyralites, p. 58 (1854) ^J.
Bocana turpatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 174 (1858), ^ , ? .
Male and female. Palo ochreous-brown, brightest at the base in the male :
forewing with a very indistinct transverse slightly- waved antemedial blackish line, and
a recurved postmedial denticulated blackish line, followed by a brownish inner-
bordered pale ochreous-white nearly straight oblique submarginal line, and a marginal
row of blackish points ; a blackish reniform mark at end of the cell : hindwing with
faint traces of a paler discal line ; a submarginal brownish-bordered ochreous-white
line, which is slightly angular near each end, the lower angle almost touching the
exterior margin; marginal points indistinct. Antennte, palpi, and forelegs dark
brown.
Expanse, <? If, ? lyV inch.
Genus NABARTHA.
Closely allied to Aglnna. Male : forewing comparatively longer and narrower,
apex rounded, the exterior margin more oblique and not convex ; venation similar,
except that in the forewing the second subcostal is emitted at one-sixth before end
of the cell, and the fifth touching the third at its base ; two upper medians from end
of the cell : hindwings more quadrate in shape, the exterior margin being straighter
and more oblique below the apex, and the lower angle more prominent. Palpi some-
what larger, more slender ; legs longer, less pilose ; tarsi also longer ; antennge
minutely ciliated in male, setose in female.
Type, N. Schaldusalis {Bocana Schaldusalis, Walker).
NABARTHA MARGINATA (Plate 177, Fig. 2).
Male and female. Pale violaceous ochreous-brown : forewing with a very
indistinct brown-speckled zigzag transverse antemedial and postmedial line, and a
submarginal broad violaceous-brown fascia ; the outer edge of the fascia is obliquely
straight and sharply defined ; the outer margin of the wing being pale greyish-
ochreous ; a small brown spot at end of the cell : hindwing with a similar violaceous-
brown submarginal fascia, and pale outer margin ; the fascia angulated below the
nERMINlIDJE. 235
middle, and thence extending close along the margin to anal angle ; there is also
faint traces of a slender brown discal line and a lunate streak at end of the cell. Cilia
of both wings pale greyish-ochi'eous. Body, palpi, and legs violaceous ochreous-brown.
Expanse 1^ inch.
Genus HIPOEPA.
Hipoepa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B M. xvi. p. 188 (1858).
Wings moderately small : forewing elongated, apex pointed, exterior margin
angular in the middle ; cell extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at
one-half before end of the cell, second from close to end, trifid, fifth from end of the
cell, free; discocellular slender, concave in the middle, radials from near the ends ;
middle median from close to end of cell, lower at nearly one-half ; submedian curved
from the base : hindwing rather short, broad ; exterior margin convexly angular in
the middle ; cell one-half the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular
very slender ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third. Body stout ;
palpi stout, compressed, laxly squamose, curved upward, third joint lanceolate, nearly
as lono- as the second, slightly pilose on its upper edge ; antennge ciliated with fine
slender lashes in male, setose in female ; legs stout, fore tibiiB and tarsi in male
densely and compactly clothed above, fore tibiae also laxly tufted beneath.
HIPOEPA LAPSALIS (Plate 177, Fig. 6, ?).
Hipoepa lapsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 188 (1858).
Male and female. Purplish-brown : forewing crossed by an inwardly-oblique
ill-defined dai'ker brown undulated basal line, an antemedial, and a postmedial line ;
followed by a more prominent submarginal line, the latter being angulated outward
in the middle and outwardly bordered by a slender ochreous-white line ; between the
middle lines is a diffuse darker brown fascia : hindwing paler brown, with an indis-
tinct brown discal line, and a submarginal slender ochreous-white line, the latter
being angulated in the middle. Body, palpi, and legs pui'plish-brown, tuft on fore-
legs cinereous.
Expanse xo inch.
HYPOEPA FRACTALIS.
Herminia fractalis, Guenee, Deltoides et Pyral. p. 60 (1854).
Bertula raptalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 164 (1858), ^J.
Male. Cinereous ochreous-brown : forewing with a transverse subbasal, ante-
medial, and a postmedial denticulated brown line, followed by a biangulated sub-
maro-inal line bordered by a pale cinereous outer line ; marginal points brown ;
between the middle lines is an inwardly-oblique diffused brown straight fascia :
hindwino" paler cinereous-brown, with an indistinct brown mark at end of the cell,
and two discal lines, the outer line being bent and pale bordered near the anal angle.
H h 2
236 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Al)domcii with two apical tufts, one dorsal, the other ventral ; fore tibiae brown,
with a dense pale tuft beneath ; middle and hind legs brown speckled.
Expanse tV inch.
Genus HADENNIA.
Forewing elongated, triangular ; apex almost subfalcate, exterior margin oblique,
convex hiudward ; cell extending half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half
before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, fifth from end and joined by a
short spur to third at one-fifth beyond its base ; discocellular concave, bent near each
end, radials from the angles ; middle median at one-eighth, lower at two-fifths ; sub-
median slightly curved : hiudwing short, exterior margin very convex ; cell two-fifths
the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial
from lower end ; middle median at one-eighth, lower at one-half. Body moderately
stout ; palpi much curved upward, compressed, second joint long, reaching half its
length above the head, subfusiform, laxly squamose, third joint acicular, nearly half-
length of second, laxly squamose, tufted above, point very acute; antennae minutely
setose ; legs moderately stout, laxly squamose ; spurs long.
Tij'pe, H. hy|3enalis.
HADENNIA HYPENALIS.
Bocana hjpenalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 174 (1858).
Ferruginous greyish-brown. Both wings crossed by a dark brown inwardly-
oblique curved subbasal line, a denticulated discal line, and a pale denticulated sub-
marginal line, beyond which is a brown marginal lunular line; across the middle also
is an oblique straight dai'k ferruginous-brown band, and bordering the submarginal
line is a diffused dark ferruginous-brown fascia. Forewing also with a punctiform
black orbicular spot, and a white reniform mark bordered with black : hindwing also
with a smaller and less defined white spot at end of the cell. Tarsi dark brown.
Expanse Iitj- inch.
HADENNIA MYSALIS.
Bertiila nvjsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 886 (1859;.
Violaceous-brown, somewhat glossy. Both wings with an inwardly-oblique darker
browu medial fascia, and a more diffused discal fascia. Forewing with a white lunula
at end of the cell. Underside of both wings with a white lunule at end of the cell.
Body, head, palpi, and legs violaceous-brown.
Expanse 1 inch.
HADENNIA JUTALIS.
Bocana jutalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 172 (1858).
Purplish-brown : forewing crossed by a very indistinct darker brown antemedial
and a medial inwardly-oblique undulated line, a submarginal more distinct diffused
denticulated line with pale ochreous points ; a distinct black orbicular spot, and a
large whitish-ochreous reniform mark with black border : hindwing with a similar
HERMINIIDJS. 237
indistinct subbasal line, and a submarginal denticulated line with pale ochreous
points ; a pale spot also at end of the cell. Tips of hind femora, of each tibia, tarsal
joints, and tip of palpi -with pale ochreous bands.
Expanse Ij inch.
HADENNIA PRUNOSA (Plate 177, Fig. S).
Dark purphsh-brown : forewing- crossed by an inwardly-oblique slender subbasal,
a broad medial, and a discal recurved blackish fascia, the latter outwardly bordered
by ochreous speckles ; a similar short black fascia also extends from the latter to the
apex ; a marginal row of ochreous dots ; a prominent ochreous-white orbicular dot
and a reniform spot : hindwing with a similar black medial and discal fascia, and
marginal ochreous dots. Body, palpi, and legs dark purplish-bi-own.
Expanse l-f^j inch.
Genus HYDRILLODES.
Hydrillocles, Guenee, Deltoides et Pyialites, p. 65 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi.
p. 118.
Forewing elongated, narrow; exterior margin very shghtly oblique and convex ;
cell short, extending to two-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted from close to
end of the cell, second from the end, quadrifid; discocellular extremely slender,
slightly concave; upper radial from upper end, lower radial and the two upper
medians on a footstalk beyond lower end of the cell, lower median from close to end
of the cell ; submedian recurved : hindwing rather broad, exterior margin oblique,
convex in the middle ; cell extending nearly half the length ; two subcostals on a
footstalk one-third beyond the cell ; discocellular extremely slender, concave, radial
from close to lower end ; two upper medians on a footstalk one-fifth beyond the cell,
lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
moderately stout, smooth ; palpi curved upward over the head ; second joint ensi-
form, very laxly squamose in front, reaching above the vertex, third joint half-length
of the second, acicular; antennas serrated and finely ciliated in male, setose in female;
legs long, squamose, fore tibias not tufted, hind spurs very long.
Tijjje, H. lentalis.
HYDRILLODES LENTALIS (Pl.^te 177, Fig. U).
Hydrillodes lentalis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyr. p. 66, pi. 5, f. 3 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het.
B. M. xvi. p. 118.
Catada captiosalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 210 (1858), $ .
Male and female. Forewing dull ochreous-brown, the basal area brighter
ochreous in some specimens ; with a transverse very indistinct pale-bordered brown
basal, antemedial, and a postmedial line, followed by a submarginal ochreous denti-
culated line, and a marginal row of blackish points ; a dark brown lunate mark at
end of the cell : hindwing cinereous-brown, with traces of a darker lunate mark at
238 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
end of the cell, and two transverse discal fasciie. Body, palpi, and legs dark ochreous-
brown ; legs with pale bands.
Expanse yV to 1 inch.
HYDEILLODES GRAVATALIS (Plate 177, Fig. 12).
Bocana gravatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 175 (1858).
Ecliana Tcnnentii, Felder et Rogeuh. Nov. Voy. Lep. v. pi. 120, fig. 1 (1874), $ .
Male and female. Purplish-brown : forewing with a transverse indistinct pale
ochreous subbasal and an antemedial line, and a prominent pale ochreons postmedial
line, the latter being dilated from the lower median vein and forming a broad patch
to the costa, its inner edge joining a black lunate streak at end of the cell ; a distinct
pale submarginal denticulated line, and a mai-ginal row of black points : hindwing
paler ; with traces of a darker streak at end of the cell, and transverse discal fascia.
Body, palpi, and legs purplish-brown ; legs with prominent pale bands.
Expanse ttt to 1 inch.
Genus HELIA.
Helia, Guenee, Duponchell's Catal. Meth. Lep. Eur. p. 214 (1844) ; Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 75.
Epizeuxis (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 346.
Forewing rather long and narrow ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal
emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-seventh, trifid, fifth from
end and slightly touching third close to its base ; discocellular concave, radials
from near each end ; middle median at one-eighth, lower at one-half; submedian
recurved from the base : hindwing rather broad ; cell half the length ; subcostals
from the end ; discocellular concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians
from end, lower about one-half. Body laxly squamous ; palpi long, narrow, com-
pressed, curved upward, second joint reaching above vertex, third joint half length
of second, slender, acute at tip ; antennse pectinated to tip, the branches ciliated ; legs
squamous ; fore tibise short, stout, middle and hind legs long, spurs long and slender.
Type, H. Calvarialis.
HELIA LUNIFERA.
Female. Ochreous-white : forewing crossed by a basal, an outwardly-curved
antemedial, and a waved postmedial brown band, each with blackish-speckled borders;
followed by a prominent submarginal series of white-bordered black dentate spots,
and a marginal lunular line ; the area between the middle bands and also between
outer band and exterior margin ochreous-brown ; a prominent white lunular spot at
end of the cell : hindwing ochreous-brown, with two pale-bordered blackish-speckled
angular lines from the anal angle ; marginal lunular line brown.
Abdomen brown at the tip ; palpi and legs brown.
Expanse 1 inch.
HEBMINIIDyE. 239
EELIA FIGURATA.
Male. Forewing greyish oclireous-white ; crossed by a basal, autemedial, post-
medial, and a submarginal black-speckled band, each band dilated at the costal end,
the two inner bands also partially broken in crossing the cell, the middle band
extending broadly and longitudinally across the end of the cell and there enclosing
a whitish limule, below which the band is slender and sinuous ; the discal band is
also sinuous from its costal end ; along the extei'ior margin is a row of black dentate
spots : hindwing brownish speckled, and with a sinuous cluster of blackish speckles
above the anal angle ; a blackish marginal lunular line. Body greyish ochreous-
white, abdomen brown speckled ; thorax with a black-speckled collar ; palpi at the
sides and legs also speckled with dark brown.
Expanse IJ inch.
Genus BERTULA.
Berhda, Walker, Cata). Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 162 (1858).
Forewing elongated, rather broad, apex pointed, exterior margin slightly convex,
hardly oblique ; cell extending beyond half the length ; first subcostal emitted at
two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end and touching
the third near its base ; discocellular convex, slender, radials from slight angle at
each end ; middle median from close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian
curved from the base : hindwing broad, exterior margin convexly angular beyond
the middle ; cell nearly half the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular
slender, deeply concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end
of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately
stout ; palpi in the male curved upward over the head, stout, reaching hind part of
the thorax, compressed, laxly squamose, third joint truncate at the tip and furnished
with a long dense tuft beneath, which rests on the thorax ; palpi in female shorter,
second joint more laxly clothed and fringed above, third joint slender, lanceolate,
tufted above in the middle ; antennae stout, bicihated with long lashes, the lashes
being shorter and finer in the female ; legs slender, fore tibiae densely and compactly
clothed in male, middle and hind legs compactly squamose, spurs long.
Type, B. abjudicalis.
BERTULA ABJUDICALIS.
Berhda ahjudlcalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 163 (1858), ^.
Bocana lumidalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 176 (I85S), 9.
Purplish greyish-brown : fijrewing crossed by a short pale subbasal streak, an
ochreous-brown broad inwardly-oblique medial band, the inner edge of the band
being straight, and the outer edge in the male bent abruptly inward to half its
width below the cell, and in the female is slightly waved; both the inner and outer
240 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
edge of the band is also bordered within by a parallel slender brown line, and the
outer borders of the band m the male are also broadly defined by dark purple-black ;
a submargiual denticulated diffused l)lack line, with inner ochreous border ; and a
marginal row of black points ; a black orbicular spot, and black-bordered white
luna°e mark at end of the cell ; hindwing pale purplish greyish-brown, with two
short subanal black-bordered ochreous denticulated lines, and a marginal lunular
line. Body, palpi, and legs dark purplish greyish-brown, base of abdomen ochreous ;
legs with ochreous bands.
Expanse, $ I, ? 1 inch.
BERTULA CONTINGENS.
Bcrtula contingcns, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 245 (1858).
"Male. Cinereous- white : forewings speckled with black; lines black ; interior
line nearly straight and upright, abbreviated in front ; exterior line composed of
black marks, much bent outward ; submargiual line very diffuse and indistinct ;
marginal dots blackish ; orbicular and reniform marks indicated by two black dots,
the latter narrow : hindwings semihyaline, with brown streaks along the veins
towards the exterior border. Palpi long, stout, brownish, slightly inclined backward,
rising high above thorax, second and third joints closely conjoined ; antenna setose
to half the length ; thorax brown and flecked with black in front. Abdomen testaceous,
with some black flecks on the sides.
" Expanse 11 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L. Layard.
Genus ECHANA.
Echana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 195 (1858).
Wings rather short : forewing very broad externally ; exterior margin slightly
convex; with a large subfusiform costal fold beyond end of the cell above, and a
corresponding depression of the wing beneath, the pouch being filled with a
glandular patch of hairs ; cell nearly half the length ; subcostals dislocated, bordering
the fold ; discocellular concave ; upper radial from below the fold near its end,
lower radial and two upper medians on a footstalk beyond end of the cell, lower
median at one-third before the end; submedian almost straight : hindwing broad,
exterior margin convex in tlie middle ; cell extending two-fifths the length ; two
subcostals on a footstalk one-fifth beyond the cell ; discocellular slender, outwardly
oblique, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians on a footstalk about one-
third beyond the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body moderately stout ; palpi compressed, curved upwards ; second joint
fringed in front, third joint lanceolate, nearly as long as the second, with which it forms
HERMIXUDyE. 241
a right angle and extends over the head ; antennas setose; fore tibice densely clothed,
tufted beneath ; middle and hindlegs long, slender, sj^urs very slender, long.
Tifpe, B. abavalis.
ECHANA ABAVALIS (Plate 177, Fig. 10, 5 ).
Echana abavalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 196 (1858), ^.
Ochreous-brown. Male : forewing with a subfusiform costal fold above, the
lappet being pilose beneath ; a transverse very indistinct palo-speckled denticulated
submarginal line, and a marginal row of brown points : hindwing cinereous-brown,
with very indistinct traces of a darker streak at end of the cell, and two transverse
denticulated fasciis, both being more distinct on the under side. Legs with pale
bands.
Expanse trr inch.
Genus CORGATHA.
Corijatha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 215 (1858).
Wings small : forewing somewhat broad, triangular, apex almost subfalcate,
exterior margin oblique, slightly convex \ cell half the length ; first and second sub-
costals emitted close to end of the cell, second trifid, fifth fi^om end and touching
third; discocellular concave, radials from the ends; middle median at one-sixth
before end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian curved : hindwing short ; cell
nearly half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave,
radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell ; lower about one-
thii^d. Body squamous ; palpi porrect, as long as breadth of the head ; second joint
with a thick short tuft above, third joint conical, short, tufted above ; antennre
minutely setose ; legs bare, rather short and slender, spurs long.
CORGATHA ZONALIS.
Corgatha zonalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 216 (1858).
Male. Pale testaceous, minutely speckled with brown scales : forewing crossed
by an antemedial and postmedial inwardly oblique brown-bordered whitish line, both
lines curved inward at the costal end ; a whitish submarginal denticulated line, and
brown marginal points ; a brown-speckled spot at end of the cell : hindwing with a
postmedial similar brown-bordered whitish line, a pale denticulated submarginal line,
and brown marginal points.
Expanse i% inch,
CORGATHA MINORALIS.
Bleptina minoralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1164 (1865).
Female. Whitish testaceous. Wings partly tinged with ochreous ; crossed by
an inwardly-obhque straight subbasal and an antemedial brown line, a curved denticu.
VOL. in. J J
242 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
lated postmedial line, followed by a prominent white-bordered diffused brown lunular
line, and a slender brown marginal line; a brown-speckled reniformmark : liindwing
with a similar medial, discal, and submarginal line.
Expanse -h inch.
COEGATHA OMARIUSALIS (Plate 177, Fig. 7).
Bleptina Omariusalls, Walker, C;ital. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 871 (1859).
Female. Pale testaceous, minutely brown-speckled : forewing crossed by an
inwardly-curved subbasal pale bordered brown line, a similar almost straight ante-
medial hne, and an undulated postmedial line, followed by a pale denticulated sub-
marginal line, and a marginal black lunular line ; a large pale-lined reniform mark :
hindwing with a similar antemedial, medial, submarginal and marginal line, the two
latter with black points. Tip of palpi with a black band.
Expanse tts inch.
COEGATHA EENALIS (Plate 177, Fia. 3).
Ochreous-white : forewing with reddish-ochreous speckled waved bands ; a dark
brown antemedial, medial, and a postmedial costal patch, beyond which is a reddish-
ochreous apical patch, the latter being marked with some subapical black spots, and
traversed by a marginal row of white-pointed black dentate spots ; an outwardly
oblique brown-lined recurved reniform mark: hindwing speckled with reddish-
ochreous, with two blackish-speckled streaks above anal angle, and a marginal row
of white-tipt black dentate spots. Abdomen with reddish-ochreous bands.
Expanse tV inch.
Genus ILYRGIS.
Ihjrgis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 879 (1859).
AVings short, broad : forewing triangular, costa arched at the base, apex slightly
subfalcate, exterior margin moderately oblique, slightly convex in the middle ; cell
extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the
cell, second from end of the cell, quadrifid ; discocellular bent outward near each
end, radials from the angles ; middle median at one-sixth before end of the cell,
lovrer at two-fifths; submedian sHghtly curved: hindwing short, exterior margin
very convex ; cell two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular
concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from a footstalk one-fifth
beyond end of cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein
straight. Body moderately slender, squamous ; palpi ascending, compressed, second
joint rising to vertex, slightly curved, pubescent, third joint fusiform, about one-
fourth length of second ; antennse broadly bipectinated ; legs long, slender, smooth,
spurs long.
IIERMINIID^. 213
ILYRGIS ECHEPHUREALIS.
Ihirgis Echcphui-calis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 880 (1859).
Male. Pale brownish-cinereous : forewing crossed by an antemedial and a post-
medial outwardly-recurved indistinct whitish-bordered brown denticulated line, and
a straighter submarginal similar line, the lines being slightly dilated and whitish at
the costal euds ; marginal luuules brown ; orbicular and reniform mark indistinct,
pale brown : hindwing with a curved discal and submarginal similar line, and marginal
brown lunular line. Front of thorax and head white ; tip of palpi, and tarsi, with
whitish bauds ; hind borders of abdominal segments whitish.
Expanse -ro inch.
Genus BOCANA.
Lusia* Walker, Catal. Lep. Het, B. M. xiii. p. 1113 (1857), $.
Bocana, Walker, id. xvi. p. 170 (1858), 9.
Laimira, Walker, id. xvi. p. 189 (1858), $ .
Bithiasa, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 1116 (I860).
Forewing elongated, moderately broad ; exterior margin slightly oblique and
convex ; cell extending half the length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly three-fifths
before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and joined
by a short spur to third near its base ; discocellular concave, bent at each end,
radials from the angles ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at two-
fifths ; submedian much curved from the base : hindwing broad, rather short ;
exterior margin convex; cell one-third the length; two subcostals on a footstalk
one-sixth beyond end of the cell ; discocellular slender, concave, radial from near
lower end ; two upper medians on a footstalk one-sixth beyond end of the cell ;
lower one-third before the end; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
moderately slender; head and thorax, and abdomen at the sides, pilose, tip tufted in
male ; palpi ascending, long, compressed, second joint fusiform, broadly pilose in
front, rising to the vertex, third joint lanceolate, slightly curved, two-thirds the
length of second ; antennaa bipectiuated to tip in male, setulose in the female ; legs
compactly pilose, spurs long.
Type, B. manifestalis.
BOCANA MANIFESTALIS.
Bocarm manifestalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 171 (1858), ? .
Lamura oherralalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 189 (1858), (^.
Male and female. Ferruginous greyish-brown : forewing with a transverse
indistinct black outwardly-oblique undulated antemedial line, an inwardlv-recurved
* Previou--ly used by M. Edwards for a genus of Polypi.
I i 2
244 THE LEFlDOPTEliA OF CEYLON.
denticulated postmedial lino, and a zigzag submarginal line, each line ending in a
pale oclireous spot on tlio costa, and tlie innei- and outer line very indistinctly
bordered on one side with pale speckles ; a white orbicular dot and reniform mark,
each with a black border : hindwing with a transverse medial and a submarginal
indistinct black denticulated line, both with pale ochreous outer border. Abdomen
with pale ochreous anal tuft ; palpi at the tip, and bauds on tarsi pale ochreous.
Expanse l^^- inch.
BOCANA DETERMINATA.
Diomca repulsa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 899 (1865), ?.
Bithiasa determinata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1116 (1865), $ .
Male and female. Ochreous-brown : both fore and hindwings comparatively
broader and longer than in B. manifest alls. With similar transverse lines j orbicular
spot with minute white centre ; reniform mostly black in male and entirely black in
female.
Expanse 1| inch.
Note. — This may probably be only a variety of B. manifestalis.
BOCANA SUBAPICALI3.
Female. Umber-brown : forewing with a very indistinct transverse antemedial
and a postmedial denticulated blackish line, both with traces of a whitish-speckled
outer border, followed by a slight whitish-speckled denticulated submarginal line,
which ends before reaching the costa, and on the outer side of its upper end is a
subapical cluster of white speckles ; a slight white orbicular dot and slender lunate
mark at end of the cell ; hindwing with a transverse medial and discal white- speckled
denticulated line. Cilia alternated with ochreous spots. Body, palpi, and legs dark
brown ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse ? l-n; inch.
BOCANA GEOMETROIDES.
Liisia gcometroides, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1113 (1857), q .
Dark violaceous-brown : forewing crossed by an antemedial, a postmedial,
and submarginal denticulated line composed of small white flecked spots ; a quadrate
cluster of white flecks below the apex; cilia with white spots ; a minute white linear
pot in middle of the cell : hindwing crossed by a medial white flecked denticulated
line, a submarginal and a marginal row of white points; cilia with white spots.
Palpi and legs with pale bands.
Expanse Iju inch.
Genus ADRAPSA.
Adrapsa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 1G9 (1858).
Male. Wings moderately broad, very slightly denticulated : forewing elongated,
s
HEEMIMID.^. 245
nearly rectangular at the tips, exterior margin slightly convex ; cell extending one-
half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second
trifid, fifth from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, radials from close to the
ends ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-half before the end ; sub-
median recurred : hindwing convex extei^nally ; cell two-fifths the length ; two
subcostals on a footstalk beyond the cell ; discocellular slender, radial from lower
end ; two upper medians on a footstalk beyond the cell, lower at one-third before
the end ; submedian and internal vein sti'aight. Body moderately stout ; palpi erect,
long, compressed, laxly squamose, second and third joint slightly tufted above ;
third joint linear, of the same length as second ; maxillary palpi well developed,
lanceolate ; antennas pectinated to the end on the under side, the branches longest
in the middle, the shaft incrassated before the middle and with rather long tufts from
the base and minute tufts along the middle on the upper side, and fine short lashes
thence to the tip ; fore femora and tibifB short, stout, tufted, middle and hindlegs
bare, rather long and slender, spurs long.
ADRAPSA ABLUALIS.
Adrapsa abhiaUs, Walker, CaUl. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 170 (1858).
Male. Cinereous-brown. Wings with the usual three Hues ; interior and discal
lines straight, oblique ; interior line dark brown ; discal line whitish ; submarginal
line denticulated, whitish, indistinct, incomplete. Forewing with a clustre of whitish
scales below the apex, and a dark brown reniform mark containing a white dot. Tip
of palpi, and tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus CATADA.
C^itada, Walker, Catal Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 20'J (1858).
Forewing moderately broad, acutely rectangular at the tips, exterior margin
slightly oblique, somewhat angular in the middle ; cell extending to more than half the
length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-sixth,
trifid, third from vei'y close to base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of
third, fifth from end of cell and touching third close to its base ; discocellular slender,
slightly bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close
to end of cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian much curved from the
base : hindwing short, exterior margin somewhat angular in the middle ; slightly
denticulated ; cell half the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular
slightly concave, radial from its middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower
at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body rather stout ; abdomen
smooth; palpi long, curved upward, second joint pyriform, clothed with thickset
246 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
lax scales in frout, third joint very slender, linear, longer tlian second ; antennre
stont, filiform ; legs ratlier long, bare, spurs very long ; fore tibias short and with a
pilose appendage beneath.
' ^' ° CATADA VAGALIS.
Bocana vagalls. Walker, Catal Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 172 (1858), 9 .
Catada rjlomeralls, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 210 (1858), 5.
Male and female. Purple-brown, glossed with purplish-grey in some aspects:
forewing witli a transverse darker brown sinuous antemedial line, and a medial
prominent white line, the latter encompassing the reniform mark, which is bianga-
lated outward at end of the cell ; a black orbicular spot in middle of the cell ; a
discal zigzag row of black points with pale tips ; four white dots on the costa before
the apex : hindwing duller brown ; cilia cinereous. Body dark purple-brown ; front
of head and palpi blackish ; shaft of antenua3, front of head, and palpi edged with
white ; legs dark purple-brown, with white bauds.
Expanse, <J f^,, 2 ItV iuch.
Genus IMMA.
limna. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 195 (1858), c^'.
Phiijram, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 226 (1858), 9.
Wings small : forewing rather narrow, exterior margin oblique ; cell two-thirds
the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-
sixth, third from close to end, both free, fourth from end of the cell, bifid; disco-
cellular erect, bent near the ends, radials from the angles : middle median from angle
at end of the cell, lower close to the end ; submedian curved upward : hindwing
somewhat produced at the apex, exterior margin very oblique, slightly convex,
abdominal margin lanuginose above ; cell two-thirds the length ; two subcostals on
a footstalk at half beyond end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from near
upper end; middle median from angle below end of the cell, lower near the end ;
submedian and internal vein recurved. Body stout, densely clothed ; palpi stout,
pubescent, curved upward, third joint lanceolate in male, linear in female, nearly half
length of second ; antennee simple, slender ; legs stout, femora fringed, somewhat
dilated, tibia) densely tufted in male, in female rather slender and compactly clothed ;
spurs long.
IMMA BUGOSALIS.
Imma Imgosalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 195 (1858), ^J.
Piwjrasa accuralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 227 (1858), J .
Pale violaceous ochreous-brown : forewing with an indistinct brown outwardly
curved lunular mark at end of the cell : hindwing with the outer border dusky
brown ; abdomen dusky brown ; tarsi with dark brown bands.
Expanse -tu inch.
IIERMIXIID^f:. 247
Genus PANTURA.
]\Iale. Forewing loug, narrow, exterior margin slightly convex ; cell extending
to half the length, narrow ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell,
second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end and joined by a short spur to third near its
base ; discocellular concave in the middle, bent outward close to ends, radials from
the angles ; middle median from close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian
recurved : hindwing short, rather narrow, exterior margin very oblique, convex ;
cell two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular very concave,
radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third ;
submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout, frontal tuft conical ;
abdomen smooth ; palpi curved upwards, second joint fusiform, compressed, extending
half its length beyond the head, smoothly squamous ; third joint lanceolate, acute at
the tip, of the same length as second ; antennse serrated, ciliated ; legs stout, femora
fringed beneath, tibias incrassated, compactly pilose, spurs long.
Type, P. ophiusoides.
PANTTIRA OPHIUSALIS (Plate 177, Fig. 4).
Bocana ophiusalis, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B, M. xvi. p. 173 (1858).
Male and female. Purplish ferruginous-brown : forewing speckled with minute
cinereous scales ; crossed by two outwardly-oblique antemedial and a medial indis-
tinct undulated darker brown line, an erect postmedial and two outer similar lines,
each line bent inward near the costal end, tbe inner and three outer lines with a pale
border, and between the costal ends of the two outer lines is a dark brown sub-
quadrate patch ; a white orbicular dot and a black broken reniform streak '■
hindwing with a dusky brown marginal border; cilia paler. Thorax and base of
abdomen cinereous brown ; collar, head, palpi, and bands on tarsi dark brown.
Expanse Ij to 1^ inch.
Genus LABANDA.
Lahanda, Walker, Catal Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 284 (1859).
Forewing elongated, narrow, obtusely pointed at the apex, exterior margin rather
oblique, slightly convex ; cell extending beyond half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of
cell and slightly touching third near its base ; discocellular concave, radials from
upper end and at a slight angle close to lower end ; middle median from angle close
to end of cell, lower at two-fifths; submedian slightly curved: hiudwino- short
exterior margin very oblique, convex ; cell more than half the length ; two subcostals
from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, very concave, radial from anole
248 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
close to lower end ; middle median close to end, lower at two-fiftlis; submedian and
internal vein recurved. Thorax moderately stout ; abdomen keeled above, crested at
the base, much attenuated and extending half beyond hindwings in the male, and
with a clavate appendage above at its tip, which is furnished with two large lateral
valves; vertex forming a compact flat somewhat raised tablet, which projects a Httle
above the base of the antenuEe ; palpi obliquely ascending, slightly curved ; second
joint much compressed, extending half beyond the eyes, smoothly squamose, third
joint linear, nearly as long as the second ; antennge almost filiform, minutely setose ;
legs rather long, smoothly squamose, spurs very long.
Tyye, L. herbealis.
LABANDA MUSCOSA.
Othora muscosa, Walker, MS. in Coll. Brit. Mns.
Lahanda saturalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1251 ( fonlj).
? Diomea mj/scosa, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 898.
Female : forewing olive green, densely black-speckled ; costal edge ochreous ;
crossed by an outwardly oblique subbasal, antemedial, and a postmedial sinuous black
line, followed by a less defined zigzag submarginal line; reniform mark longitudinally
oval : hindwing and abdomen purplish-brown ; dorsal tuft blackish. Thorax and
head green and black speckled ; two glossy green tufts at base of thorax ; palpi and
legs with blackish bands.
Expanse ? Ittt inch.
j\roie. — This may probably l)e the female of the preceding.
LABANDA SEMIPARS.
BryopMla semipars, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1647 (1858), ? ; Moore, Lep. Ceylon,
iii. p. 3.
Bocana Famphosalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 88V (1859), <2.
Ga-hatha laticincta, Walker, !d. xxxiii. p. 913 (I860), ? .
Male and female. Forewing olivesceut ochreous-brown, in some lights changing
to purplish-brown; with a transverse basal indistinct pale olivescent-bordered blackish
zigzag line, and a more distinct similar antemedial and postmedial line, followed by
a similar submarginal denticulated line, the latter line with two short longitudinal
inner black streaks below the apex ; the area between the antemedial and postmedial
line pale olivescent-ochreous, speckled with brown scales, and contains a broken
black streak at end of the cell and from which extends a slender streak to the lower
subapical streak : hindwing purplish cinereous-brown, with a pale olivescent-ochreous
denticulated marginal line. Thorax and head purphsh-brown, speckled with ochreous ;
abdomen long, extending half beyond the hindwings, purplish cinereous-brown, with
HERMINIIDyE. 24'J
slender dorsal black tufts; palpi brow-n ; legs pale oclireous, tibia3 and tarsi with
dark brown bands.
Expanse 1 to 1-^ inch.
LABANDA ACHINE.
Bocana Achme, Felder et RogenhofFer, Nov. Voy. iv. pi. 120, fig. 18 (1874), ? .
Male and female. Forewing brownish-black, densely speckled with prominent
olive-green scales ; with a transverse outwardly-oblique curved subbasal green-bor-
dered black line, a similar zigzag antemedial line, a less defined green- speckled
postraedial line, and a submarginal line ; the two inner lines being green, bordered
on both sides ; a black reniform mark : hiudwing purplish-brown. Cilia dark
cinereous-brown. Thorax and head black and green speckled; palpi purplish-brown,
the upper and lower edge being ochreous ; abdomen long and slender in male,
purplish-brown above, with black dorsal basal tufts in both sexes, anal tuft in male
ochreous ; legs ochreous, with purple-brown bands above.
Expanse, i Ircr, ? If inch.
LABANDA CHLOEOMELLA.
Diomea chloromdhi, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1804 (1858), 9.
Plotlieia cJiIoromcUa, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 111.
Labanda herhcalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. svii. p. 281 (1859), ^J.
Male. Forewing olive-green, crossed by an outwardly-oblique subbasal, ante-
medial and a postmedial sharply-defined blackish zigzag duplex line, followed by a
submarginal line ; the areas between the lines clouded with black scales ; the ante-
medial and postmedial line indistinctly bordered with minute white scales : hindwing
purplish-brown. Cilia greyish-ochreous, with a slender black inner line.
Female. Brighter olive-green : forewing with the subbasal, antemedial, and
postmedial lines with white centres, the areas between the lines more densely clouded
with darker black scales ; and with a black orbicular and reniform spot. Thorax
and head olive-green, speckled with black scales ; abdomen purplish-brown ; dorsal
tufts black, anal tuft in male ochreous ; legs ochreous, with brown bands, which are
darkest on the forelegs. Underside : forewings pale purplish-brown : hindwings
pale ochreous, with a medial and a broad marginal dark purplish-brown band.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus OROSA.
Orosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1222 (1865).
" Female. Wings rather short and broad : forewings slightly rounded at the
tips ; costa convex ; exterior margin convex, hardly oblique ; second inferior vein
nearer to the first than to the third, fourth z'emote from the third. Body rather stout ;
VOL. in. K k
250 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
abdomen extending a little beyond the hiudwings ; palpi slender, squamous, obliquely
ascending, as long as the breadth of the head, rising a little higher than the vertex ;
third joint lanceolate, nearly as long as the second ; antennjB rather short and slender ;
legs smooth, short, spurs moderately long and stout.
" Note. — This genus has a resemblance to Gadirtha, and to some other groups
of Hypogrammidge."
OROSA TORTRICOIDES.
Orosa tortricoides, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1223 (1865).
" Female. Cinereous ; paler beneath : forewings with two black basal diffuse
lines which extend across half the breadth from the costa ; an antemedial line com-
posed of three small black marks ; of these the second is much shorter than the
first and much narrower than the third, which is near the interior border ; an exterior
line of black jioints, which is much curved outward, and approaches the preceding
line at each end, and is accompanied by a small black patch near the interior border ;
an indistinct zigzag blackish submarginal line.
" Expanse 9^ lines."
Genus PAS IRA.
Pasira, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 197 (1882).
Forewing more acuminate at the apex than in Rivula {B. sericeaUs), exterior
margin more erect : hindwing shorter, and the male having a groove, which is set
with short hairy scales on both sides of the wing between the median and internal
veins, and extends from the outer margin to below end of the cell, from whence it is
lient below the median vein. Body slightly stouter than in Rivula ; projecting front
of the head, palpi, and legs similar. Venation also similar.
PASIRA BIATOMEA.
Pasira hintomea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 29.
Male and female. Pale ochreous : forewing with two minute black discocellular
superposed spots, another spot above the submedian vein, and a marginal row of still
smaller dots, the apical dot most prominent : hindwing with indistinct brownish-
ochreous outer border. Underside brighter coloured : hindwing brown-speckled
along the costal border and apex ; with a blackish discocellular streak and a marginal
row of small dentate spots.
Expanse 1 inch.
PASIRA RENALIS.
Male and female. Pale brownish-ochreous : forewing with a prominent black-
speckled reniform spot ; an ill-defiued transverse antemedial and a recurved post-
medial series of minute black points, and a marginal row of black points : hindwino-
EERMINIIBM. 251
and abdomen cinereous brownish-ochreous. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs pale
brownish-ochreous.
Expanse, ^ ? iir inch.
Genus DRAGANA.
Dragana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 200(1858).
Apphadana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1212 (1865).
Wings small : forewing elongated, triangular ; cell more than half the length,
narrow ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-
fifth, trifid, fifth ascending obliquely upward from end of cell and touching third close
to its base ; discocellular extremely slender, concave ; upper radial from end of cell
in a direct line with the subcostal, lower radial from near the lower end ; middle
median from close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian nearly straight :
hindwing short, exterior margin convex, abdominal margin very short ; cell neai'ly
half the length ; two subcostal s from end of cell ; discocellular concave, radial from
below the middle ; two upper medians fi-om end of cell, lower at two-fifths ; sub-
median and internal vein nearly straight. Body moderately stout ; smooth, frontal
tuft conical ; palpi short, stout, slightly ascending, pubescent, third joint very short,
obtusely conical ; antennge curved, pectinated and ciliated in male, setose in female ;
legs rather stout, fore tibiee laxly clothed, middle and hind legs almost bare.
Type, D. pansalis.
DRAGANA PANSALIS.
Dragana Pansalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 200 (1858), S .
Apphadana evtdsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1213 (1865), S ?.
Poaphila concors, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1969 (1866), S.
Cinereous-ochreous. Male : forewing with the lines inwardly oblique, brownish,
indistinct, denticulated ; marginal points black ; the submarginal line more distinct
and with a minute black mark before the middle and another near the posterior end ;
outer border of the wing from the submarginal line sometimes darker cinereous ; a
minute brown orbicular dot and a very indistinct reniform mark : hindwing with
similar wavy lines. Female generally darker, the lines more distinct, and the outer
border more cinereous. Body cinereous-ochreous ; legs ochreous.
Expanse t^ to i% inch.
Genus CHUSARIS.
Chusaris, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 215 (1858).
Wings small : forewing rather long, narrow ; apex pointed, exterior margin
slightly oblique ; cell extending half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third
before end of the cell, second trifid, fifth from end of the cell, free ; discocellular
erect, radials from near the ends ; middle median from close to end of cell, lower at
one-third ; submedian recuiwed : hindwing short, convex externally ; cell extending
K k 2
252 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
to half the lengtli ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular slender, radial
from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third. Body
rather short ; frontal tuft triangular ; palpi long, second joint stout, porrect, pilose
above, third joint lanceolate, half length of second, projected upward ; antennte
simple ; legs stout, laxly squamose.
Ty2)e, C. retatalis.
CHUSARIS RETATALIS.
Clmsaris retatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 215 (1858).
Bleptina spinxatalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1163 (1865).
Cinereous, sparsely speckled with minute brown scales : forewing with some
pale and dark brown points on the costal edge ; crossed by an antemedial and a
medial brown duplex lunular band, a submarginal denticulated pale-bordered line,
which has a broad brown dilated costal end ; a marginal row of black points ; a brown
orbicular and reniform mark, and a black dot at base of the wing : hindwing with
ill-defined brown short lunular bands above the anal angle. Tip of palpi, and tarsi
with blackish bands ; palpi brown beneath.
Expanse tV inch.
CHUSARIS PUNCTILINEALIS,
Clmsaris pimctilinealis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1175 (1865).
Pale purplish-cinereous : forewing crossed by a waved antemedial whitish lunular
line, a recurved postmedial macular line composed of blackish dentate spots with
white tips, followed by a marginal row of white-pointed black dots; a brown
orbicular dot, and a whitish-bordered black bipupilled reniform mark : hindwing
with a black dot at end of the cell, a curved discal macular line of white-tipt black
dentate spots, and marginal line. Abdomen ochreous-brown ; tip whitish.
Expanse yV inch.
Genus LUCERIA.
Lnceria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 853 (1859).
Forewing elongated, moderately broad, rectangular at the tips, costa very
slightly convex, exterior margin rather oblique; cell extending three-fifths the length ;
first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid,
fifth from end of the cell, free ; discocellular bent near each end, radials from the
angles ; middle median at one-third before end of the cell, lower at two-fifths : hind-
wing somewhat produced apically, exterior margin convex in the middle ; cell more
than half the length ; two subcostals from beyond end of the cell ; discocellular slightly
bent in the luiddle, radial from below the angle ; two upper medians from end of the
cell, lower at one-third. Body moderately stout, short; palpi long, second joint
porrect, broad, compressed, projecting two-thirds beyond the head, pilose, third joint
HEBMINIIDJS. 253
lanceolate, slender, ascending obliquely upward, half length of the second ; antennfe
slender, simple ; legs smooth, spurs long.
LUCERIA NOVATUSALIS.
Luceria novatusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. ITet. B. M. xix. p. 854 (1859).
Testaceous-yellow : forewing slightly and minutely speckled with brown scales,
most so along the exterior border ; a black basal dot and a prominent black white-
pointed spot at end of the cell, the latter near the inner side of a sHght straight
inwardly-oblique blackish hue ; a marginal row of black points : hindwing whitish-
cinereous, with a slender brown marginal line. Second joint of palpi brown on its
outer side, third joint with a dark brown band; forelegs dark brown, with pale
bands.
Expanse to inch.
Genus RIVULA.
Eivula, Guenee, Duponcliel's Catal. Lop. Eur. p. 206 (1846); Delt. et Pyral. p. 47 (1854); Walker,
Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 92.
Evergestis (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 354.
Margarilla (part), Stephens, Illust. B. Ent. Haust. iv. p. 58 (1834).
Wings small : forewing elongated, somewhat triangular, exterior margin obliquely
convex ; cell extending three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third
before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, third from end of the cell, trifid ; disco-
cellular concave, radials from near the ends ; middle median from close to end of
the cell, lower at one-third : hindwing short, exterior margin oblique, convex in the
middle ; cell one-half the length ; two subcostals from a short distance beyond end
of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians
on a footstalk nearly half beyond end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end.
Body rather slender ; palpi short, stout, porrect, compressed, pilose, third joint
minute, conical ; antenuEe slender, minutely ciliated with very fine short lashes in
male ; legs long, laxly squamose, spurs long.
Type, R. sericealis.
RIVULA BIOCULALIS.
Eivula bioculalis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Sec. 1877, p. 614.
Pale ochreous-yellow : forewing with five outwardly-oblique transverse short
white streaks on the costa, a row of white-tipt black dots on the exterior margin,
two superposed white-bordered black dots at end of the cell, and a transverse discal
and a submarginal curved wavy white-bordered brown line : hindwing paler,
brownish-ochreous along exterior border. Underside paler : forewing brownish in
the middle.
Expanse a inch.
254 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus BYTURNA.
Bijturna, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 28.
Wings very small : forewing narrow, elongated ; costa straiglit, apex acute,
exterior margin slightly convex ; costal vein long, extending to two-thirds the
margin ; first subcostal branch emitted at one-half, and second at one-fourth before
end of the cell, second trifurcate, the third being thrown off at three-fourths and
fourth from one-fourth beyond the base, fifth from end of the cell and looped to
fourth close to its base ; discocellular bent near upper and lower end, very concave,
slender; radials from the angles; upper median from angle at lower end of the cell,
middle at one-eighth and lower at one-third before its end ; submedian straight :
hindwing elongated, oval ; costal vein straight, extending to apex ; two subcostal
branches from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from the middle ; two
upper medians from beyond end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before its end ;
submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout ; palpi long, ascending, extend-
ing to a level with the vertex, second joint squamose, laterally broadest at the apex,
third joint slender, naked, al^out half length of second ; antenufB finely setose ; legs
squamose, fore tibia tufted beneath.
Type, B. digramma.
This genus has much the appearance of Bivula.
BYTOENA DIGRAMMA.
Bocana digramma, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1170 (1865).
Byturna digramma, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 29.
Pale ochreous : forewing with a few indistinct brown speckles, an incomplete
zigzag postmedial indistinct brown line which includes a brown mark beyond end of
the cell ; submarginal hne zigzag, very indistinct ; marginal points brown ; two
superposed black dots at end of the cell. Body, head, palpi, and legs pale ochreous.
Expanse t% inch.
BYTURNA CUCULLATA.
Ochreous : forewing with two equidistant black spots on the costa, the outer
spot recurved outward, and in some specimens joined to a Ijlackish spot beyond end
of the cell ; reniform mark defined by two superposed black dots ; a few brown
speckles before the apex ; marginal points more or less indistinct, brown : hindwing
with a slight cinereous-tinged outer border. Collar in front of thorax, head, palpi,
and forelegs black.
Expanse f inch.
Family PYRALIDiE.
Wings generally narrow ; never elevated in repose, nor wrapped on the body ;
entire ; shining, often iridescent, and semihyaline. Thorax globose, short ; abdo-
PYRALID^E. 255
men long, smootli, squamous, acute at the tip, conical or tufted in male. Antenna
slender, filiform or moniliform ; often long ; some ciliated, or finely pectinated, or
with a basal tuft. Labial palpi generally alike in both sexes, sometimes rostriform,
in others of the usual shape, rarely tufted and reflexed over the head. Maxillary
palpi very frequently distinct. Legs long, slender, smooth, rarely villose, tarsi and
spurs long.
Larva with 16 feet; generally short, rather thick, attenuated at each end; some-
times warty, some also slightly pilose. Lives concealed ; generally enclosed between
the leaves of food-plant united together by silken threads, or in silken galleries
among moss and lichens. One group lives on plants under water, either in a case
filled with air, or quite exposed to the water and then breathing by means of branchige.
Pupa in a slight cocoon within places of feeding. Chrysalis generally pointed at
the ends ; some with a lingual and pedal protuberant sheath.
Genus VITESSA.
Vitessa, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 299 (1858-9) ; Lederer, Pyr. Wien. Ent. Monats. vii.
p. 354 (1863).
Cosmethts (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 179.
Forewing long, narrow ; cell extending nearly three-fifths the length ; first sub-
costal emitted at one-third before end of the cell ; second immediately before the
end, free, third from the end, trifid ; discocellular very slender, deeply concave, bent
close to upper end, radial from the upper end ; two upper medians on a footstalk
beyond end of the cell, second close to the end, first (or lower) about one-fourth
before the end ; submedian almost straight : hind wing rather long, apex obtuse,
exterior margin very oblique, slightly convex, abdominal margin short ; subcostal
very slender, running close under the costal ; cell one-third the length at its upper
end, and nearly two-thirds at its lower end ; two subcostals on a footstalk beyond
end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, concave anteriorly, its lower end extend-
ing obliquely outward ; two upper medians on a footstalk beyond end of the cell,
second at one-sixth, first (or lower) at one-third; submedian and two internal veins
at equal distances apart. Body moderately stout ; abdomen depressed and broadest
at the apex, with laxly-clothed valvular anal appendages in male ; labial palpi
obliquely ascending, long, rather slender, squamous, second and third joints of equal
length ; maxillary palpi slender ; antennae in male pectinated to near the tip, the
branches pubescent; legs strong, rather long ; tibio3 and tarsi clothed with lax spiny
scales, spurs long.
Type, V. Suradeva.
Note. — This Lithosiid-looking insect is placed in this family with considerable
doubt.
256 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
VITESSA EAMA (Plate 178, Fig. 4, $ ).
Forewino- with an interrupted transverse basal and a subbasal band, and the
outer half glossy blue-black, the intermediate basal area ochreous ; the middle area,
a laro-e oval discal spot and a lower streak, and very slender longitudinal streaks
between the outer veins glossy white : hindwing white, with a costal and broad outer
maro-inal black band ; the cilia edged with white. Head, thorax, first and second
joints of palpi, basal joint of antenna3 in front, and anal tuft ochreous-yellow ;
thorax with large black spots; abdomen black, with white bands; antennae black ;
femora above, tibia?, and tarsi black ; femora beneath, bands on tibige and tarsi, and
the spurs, white.
Expanse 1^ inch.
Comparatively smaller and shorter than V. Suradeva. Forewing with the basal
bands slightly broader, and the white streaks between the outer veins conspicuously
more slender : hindwino- with the white basal area smaller in size, and the marsfinal
black band of more equal width and broader at the anal end. All the legs and
tarsi with white bands.
Genus TYSPANA.
Differs from Vitessa in the forewing having the costa somewhat arched and the
apex convex ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell, third and
fifth from the end, third liifid ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from near ujoper
end ; two upper medians from angles at end of the cell, second near the end, first
(or lower) at one-third : hindwing rather long, exterior margin convex ; cell about
one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular bent out-
wardly before the middle, lower end long and oblique ; three upper medians from
angles at end of the cell, lower at one-third ; a submedian and two internal veins.
Body moderately stout ; abdomen keeled above, apex pointed ; labial palpi obliquely
ascending, laxly squamous in front, short, extending only half its length beyond the
head ; maxillary palpi slender, ascending ; legs squamous ; tibice slightly pilose ;
middle and hind spurs long ; antennge setaceous.
TYSPANA VITESSOIDES (Plate 178, Fig. 3, 3a larva).
Forewing pale sulphur-yellow ; with an interrupted purplish-black transverse
narrow basal, an outwardly-oblique subbasal, an entire discal band, and longitudinal
streaks between the outer veins ; cilia also black : hindwing white, with the
costal border and broad outer marginal band pale purphsh-black ; cilia giau-
cescent-black. Thorax, head, and base of palpi sulphur-yellow ; abdomen ochreous-
yellow, with black bands on basal segments ; thorax striped with black ; antennge,
PTRALID^. 257
tip of palpi, and legs black ; femora beneath, and bands on the tibia3 and tarsi
white.
Expanse 1-g- inch.
Genus LETCHENA.
Forewing narrow, trigonate, apex very acute, exterior margin very oblique ;
cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at about one-half before end of
the cell, fifth from the end ; radials fi'om upper and lower angle of discocellular ;
middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-half : hindwing short,
apex convex, anal angle rather pointed ; cell one-third the length ; first subcostal
from before end of the cell ; radial from lower end of discocellular ; middle median
close to end of the cell; lower about one-half. Body stout; abdomen smooth ; palpi
small, oblique, smooth, cylindrical, second joint extending slightly beyond the head,
third joint very short, obtuse ; antennae thick, simple ; legs squamous, tibice thickish,
spurs long.
Type, L. Thyralis.
lETCHENA THYRALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 10).
Pyralis Thyralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1234 (1865).
Chalybeous olivaceous-cinereous ; shining, smooth. Both wings with a black-
speckled red marginal border; cilia white. Forewing with a transverse discal
cluster of five yellow and red-bordered black-hned diaphanous-white spots ; some
black points along the costa. Palpi, tibia?, and tarsi with black bauds; tip of
abdomen white.
Expanse to inch.
LETCHENA ELARALIS.
Pyralis Elaralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 901 (1859).
Chalybeous cinereous-red. Both wings numerously covered with short trans-
verse brown striga3. Ciha paler, with a black inner line. Body brown-speckled ;
tip of abdomen reddish ; palpi and legs cinereous-brown ; tarsi with blaek bands.
Expanse yV inch.
Genus STERICTA.
Glossina* Guenee, Delt. et Pyr. p. 124 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 273.
Stericta, Lederer, Pyr. Wien. Ent. Monats. vii. p. 340 (1863).
Male. Forewing elongated, rather broad ; apex pointed, exterior margin oblique,
slightly convex, posterior margin convex towards the base ; cell extending to near
half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second
free, third trifid ; discocellular deeply concave, radials from the ends ; middle median
close to end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian slightly curved, with a short
* Used in 1830 for a genus of Diptera.
VOL. III. L 1
258 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
slender lower branch : liindwing short, broad, apex and exterior margin very convex ;
cell one-third the length at its upper end, nearly half at its lower end ; two subcostals
from the end; discocellular bent before the middle, lower end very oblique and long,
radial from the extreme lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-
third ; submedian and two internal veins straight. Body robust ; labial palpi long,
rather slender, spindle-shaped, ascending, curving half its length closely over the head,
smoothly squamous, second joint broad in front, tapering; third joint rather long,
pointed ; maxillary palpi short, slender ; antennas minutely and finely pectinated ; a
lengthened tuft of long spatular scales projected over the thorax from base of the
antenna? ; legs robust, laxly squamous ; femora and tibiae thick, spurs long, stout.
Tiive, S. divitalis.
■^ STERICTA DIVITALIS.
Glossina divitalis, Guunee, Delt. et Pyr. p. 125, pi. 7, fig. 4 (1854), ? .
Stericta divitalis, LeJerer, Pyr. Wieu. Eat. Monats. vii. p. 340 (1863).
Locastra Phereciusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 159 (1858), $ .
Male and female. Forewing dark rufescent-brown, black speckled ; with a
transverse subbasal, medial, and a postmedial dark olive-yellow sinuous band, and a
longitudinal band of the same colour extending from the base to middle of the
exterior margin ; a marginal row of black dentate spots ; a black-tipt white dot at
end of the cell, and a black dot at the base : hindwing pale rufescent-brown. Cilia
rufescent. Thorax dark olive-yellow, black speckled ; abdomen pale rufescent-brown ;
legs brown, black speckled, with black bands.
Expanse 1\ inch.
STERICTA HELVIALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 1 ?, la larva).
Pyralis vitialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. six. p. 897 (1859), ?.
Pyralis Helvialis, Walker, id. p. 915, $ .
Forewing testaceous ; black and red speckled ; the black speckles mostly forming
a basal band with inwardly-oblique border, an obHque apical patch, and a discal
denticulated line ; a marginal row of black dentate spots : hindwing and abdomen
pale cinereous-testaceous, with a pale subanal streak. Cilia pale testaceous, with a
reddish inner fine and blackish spots. Body and legs pale testaceous ; tarsi with
l)lnck bands.
Expanse 1 to 1\ inch.
Larva rather thick, attenuated at the ends ; with a few very fine short dorsal
hairs ; colour red ; with a blackish dorsal line and a broad subdorsal longitudinal
band, a lateral line, and some sublateral marks. Cocoon reddish. Pupa red.
" Feeds on Cinnamomium " (Thwaites).
PTRALIDuT:. 259
Genus ORTHAGA.
Orthagn, "Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 191 (1858) ; id. xxvii. p. 103 (1863).
Male. Forewing moderately short and broad, exterior margin slightly oblique ;
cell extending about one-half the length ; subcostals swollen towards the middle and
accompanied by a swollen glandular pouch between them and the costa ; first sub-
costal emitted at one-fifth before end of the cell, second and third from the end,
third trifid ; discocellular deeply concave, radials from near the middle and extreme
lower end ; middle median close to the end, lower at one-sixth ; submedian curved
near the base: hindwing short, broad, apex convex; cell two-fifths the length,
broad ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, lower end very
oblique and long ; radial and upper median from the extended end of the cell, middle
median from close to the end, lower at nearly one-third ; submedian and two internal
veins recurved.
Body rather stout ; head tufted above ; labial palpi ascending, curved upwai'd
close to the head, reaching to level of the vertex, squamous, broad across the front,
third joint lanceolate ; maxillary palpi short, pilose ; proboscis thick and pubescent
at the base ; antennte finely ciliated ; legs stout, laxly squamous, spurs long ; tibio3
slightly pilose beneath.
Female : forewing with the subcostals not swollen, and no costal glandular
pouch.
Tijpe, 0. Euadrusalis.
ORTHAGA EUADRUSALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 2, 2a cJ ? , 25 larva).
Orthaga Euadrusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 191 (1858), ?.
Male. Forewing olivaceous brownish-ochreous, tinged with vinous-brown at the
apex, very sparsely black speckled ; crossed by a black-speckled broken zigzag
antemedial line, and a postmedial outwardly-curved denticulated line which is
broadest towards the costa, followed by a marginal row of black lunules ; below the
apex is a black-speckled streak ; a black-speckled lunule at end of the cell, and a
spot at base of the wing : hindwing pale cinereous-brown, tinged with vinous-brown.
Cilia pale brownish-ochreous, with black spots. Body brownish-ochreous ; abdomen
speckled with dark brown ; tibice and tarsi with black bands above.
Female : forewing with the basal and upper discal area whitish, the transverse
antemedial and postmedial black-speckled lines less defined.
Expanse, c? Ito, ? 1 iT) inch.
Larva somewhat slender, pale purplish-brown ; with a subdorsal row of blackish
dots, a prominent lateral line, and slight sublateral streaks ; head with some black
marks. Pupa red. Cocoon broad, oval ; surface granular, pale brown.
L 1 2
2fiO THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
ORTHAGA JUCUNDALIS.
Blcptina jucundalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1164 (1865), $ .
Male. Forewing dark olivaceous ochreous -yellow, the medial area wliitisli-
ochreous ; black speckled ; crossed by ill-defined black-speckled erect antemedial
and undulated postmedial denticulated lines ; some black streaks at base of the costa ;
a marginal row of brown spots ; a tuft of raised scales at end of the cell : hindwing
cinereous-ochreous ; with a marginal row of brown spots. Cilia whitish, alternated
with black. Body, head, palpi, and legs yellow ; tip of palpi, forelegs, and tarsi
banded with black ; abdomen with blackish-speckled bands.
Expanse r^ inch.
Genus STEMMATOPHORA.
Stemmatophora, Guenee, Delt. et Pyr. p. 129 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 278
(1859); Lederer, Pyr. Wieii. Ent. Mou. vii. p. 337 (1863).
"Wings elongated, narrow : forewing straight along the costa, apex obtuse,
exterior border quadrate. Body slender ; palpi straight, squamous, not long, joints
indistinct, third joint very short ; maxillary palpi hardly visible ; antennas in male
pubescent or furnished with equal cilia3; legs smooth."
Type, S. exustalis.
STEMMATOPHORA VIBICALIS.
Stemmatophora vibicalis, Lederer, Pyr. Wien. Ent. Monats. vii. pp. 338, 457, pi. 7. fig. 4 (1863), ? .
Forewing ferruginous-brown, minutely black speckled; crossed by an outwardly-
oblique antemedial pale-bordered black-speckled waved line, and an inwardly-oblique
undulated similar postmedial Hue ; a black lunate spot at end of the cell : hindwing
and abdomen cinereous-ferruginous ; crossed by a very indistinct pale discal waved
line. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs ferruginous-brown.
Expanse, ? 1 inch.
STEMMATOPHORA VULSALIS.
Botys Vulsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 671 (1859), 2 .
Female. Purple-brown : forewing crossed by an indistinct yellowish bordered
brown curved wavy antemedial line, and a recurved denticulated postmedial line ;
some yellow and black points on the costa between the lines ; a marginal black
Imiular line: hindwing yellowish -bronm, exterior border purplish-brown; with a
transverse discal brown line. Tip of j)alpi, and fore tarsi, black ; middle tarsi white ;
hind tarsi with pale bauds.
Expanse, 2 yir inch.
STEMMATOPHORA CASTANOPTERA (Plate 178, Fig. 7, c?).
Forewing dark chestnut-brown, sparsely speckled with minute black scales;
TYRALIDJE. 261
crossed by an inwardly-oblique medial prominent wbitisli line, wliicli ends below the
costa ; followed by a less distinct waved discal line : hindwing paler, and of a duller
brown colour ; with a very indistinct pale discal waved line. Cilia broad, with pale
inner line. Body chestnut-brown ; palpi fuliginous-brown.
Expanse, c? ttt, ? trr inch.
Genus HERGULIA.
Herculia, Walker, CataL Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 807 (1859).
Forewing comparatively shorter, broader, and more triangular in form than in
Stemmatophora ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fifth
before end of the cell, second free, third from the end of the cell, trifid ; discocellular
deeply concave, upper radial from end of the cell in a line with subcostal, lower
radial and upper median on a footstalk beyond the cell, middle median from close to
end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian recurved : hindwing broad, trian-
gular, apex obtusely pointed, exterior margin oblique, convex ; cell about one-third
the length, at its upper end and fully half the length at its lower end ; discocellular
deeply concave anteriorly, its lower end very long and oblique ; two subcostals from
immediately beyond the cell and free from the costal ; radial and upper median from
extended lower end of the cell, middle median close to the end, lower at one-third ;
a straight submedian and two internal veins. Body robust ; frontal tuft flat and
projected ; abdomen tufted at the apex ; labial palpi recurved, obliquely ascending,
porrect at the tip and forming a snout in front, laxly squamous beneath, second joint
broad at the end, third joint narrow, pointed, very short; maxillary palpi short,
slender ; antenna3 finely bipectinated in male, simple in female ; legs moderately
short, tibige slightly pilose, spurs short.
Tii])e, H. bractealis.
HEECULIA BRACTEALIS.
Herculia bractealis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 808 (1859), q .
Deep red, with a glaucescent tinge. Wings slightly speckled with minute black
scales ; crossed by an antemedial and a postmedial rather broad black- speckled line ;
both lines more approximate on the hindwing : forewing with an indistinct black-
speckled spot at end of the cell, and in the male the middle area between the lines is
more densely black speckled; some yellow points on middle of the costa. Cilia
golden-yellow. Middle tarsi yellow ; hindlegs yellow, with red bands.
Expanse, c? tk, 9 Ito inch.
HERCULIA IGNIFLTJALIS.
Pyralis ignijlualls, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 268 (1859).
Female. Olivaceous-red : forewing darker red along the costal border and
exterior margin ; crossed by an antemedial and postmedial wavy very indistinct pale
262 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
bordered brown line ; both lines with a slightly dilated pale yellow costal end, and
between the lines are some small yellowish costal points ; an indistinct blackish spot
at end of the cell : hindwing more uniformly red, and crossed by two very indistinct
wavy brown lines. Cilia golden-yellow, with a reddish inner line. Front of head,
palpi, and forelegs reddish ; middle and hindlegs ochreous.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus PYRALIS.
Pyralis, Linnasus, Syst. Nat. i. p. 533 (1758) ; Poda, Ins. Mus. Grfficensis, p. 94 (1761) ; Linn. Syst.
Nat. i. p. 881 (1767); Stephens, Catal. Brit. Ins. ii. p. 160 ; III. Haust. iv. p. 24 (1834) ; Catal.
Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 235 (1850) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 260 ; Guenee, Delt. et
Pyr. p. 116.
Hypsopygia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 348 (1825-7).
Asopia, Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. vi. pt. 2, p. 316 (1828); vii. p. 146(1829); Curtis, Guide, p. 177 ;
Lederer, Pyr. Wien. Ent. Mon. vii. p. 342.
Forewing rather long and narrow, apes not acute, exterior margin oblique, cilia
broad ; cell extending more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth
before end of the cell, second aboutone-eighth, free, third from end, trifid; discocellular
slender, concave, radial from upper end in a line with the subcostal ; lower radial
and upper median on a footstalk one-fifth beyond the cell, middle median from close
to the end, lower at one-fifth before the end ; submedian almost straight : hindwing
rather long and broad, apex convex, exterior margin very oblique ; two subcostals
from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, outwardly oblique, lower end extended ;
radial and upper median from extended lower end of the cell, middle median from
close to the end, lower at one-third ; submedian and two internal veins slightly
curved. Body moderately stout ; labial palpi pubescent, obliquely ascending, not
rising above the vertex, second joint slightly curved, third joint short, conical at tip ;
maxillary palpi very short, slender ; antennae stout, pubescent in the male, bare in
the female ; legs stout, squamous, tibia3 slightly pilose, spurs long, slender.
Type, P. farinalis.
PYRALIS BRACTIATELLA (Plate 178, Fig. 5, ? ),
Mydois bractiatdla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 36 (1863).
Purplish-cinereous. Forewing purplish towards the apex ; crossed by an ante-
medial and a postmedial erect wavy white line, the latter externally bordered by a
red fascia ; between the antemedial line and the extreme base the area is black ;
at end of the cell is a black dot, and on the costa between the lines are some
alternate brown and white spots : hindwing duller coloured ; crossed by two
similar waved lines, the basal area also being black, the discal area reddish, and
the outer border margined with blackish speckled spots. Legs with brownish bands.
Expanse ttt inch.
PYRALIDJE. 263
PTRALIS GERONTESALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 6, ?).
Pyralis Gerontesalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 896 (1859).
Sacatia lantatclla, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 124 (1863), S .
Pyralis despectalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1243 (1865).
Pyralis miseralis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1244 (1865).
Pale vinous brownish -cinereous ; black speckled. Both wings crossed by an
antemedial and a postmedial augulated black-speckled duplex band, and a marginal
row of black spots. Forewing with a black-speckled spot at end of the cell. Cilia
very broad, with a blackish inner line. Body and palpi black speckled ; legs brownish-
cinereous, forelegs with blackish bands.
Expanse, $ A, 2 1 inch.
PYRALIS JANIUSALIS.
Pyralis Janiusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 904 (1859).
" Forewings very acute. Cinereous-brown, more cinereous beneath. Wings
with dark brown, indistinct, slightly undulating lines ; marginal line pale testaceous ;
fringe interlined.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
PYRALIS PALESALIS.
Pyralis Palcsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 269 (1859).
" Male. Reddish-cinereous. Forewings coarsely squamous, slightly speckled
with black; two irregular obhque whitish-yellow bands slightly and diffusedly
bordered with blackish ; first band dilated along the costa ; second abbreviated in
front, accompanied hind ward by a zigzag line of the same colour ; marginal lunules
blackish ; a blackish point in the first baud, and a blackish dot between the latter and
base of the wing : hindwings more cinereous, with two paler lines.
" Expanse 12 lines."
PYRALIS RAVOLALIS.
Pyralis Eavolalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 898 (1859).
Female. Purphsh-cinereous. Forewing purphsh towards the apex; crossed
by an outwardly-oblique wavy pale-bordered brown antemedial and a postmedial hne,
the latter line ending at the posterior angle ; the basal area darker cinereous, and
marked by a costal black spot, a black spot also at end of the cell : hindwing duller
coloured ; crossed by two similar very undulated pale lines, which are bordered with
blackish-ferruginous speckles, which are clustered at the ends. Cilia purplish-red,
with a pale inner line and row of blackish spots. Body speckled with ferruginous-
black.
Expanse -rtj inch.
2G4 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
PYRALIS TORRIDALIS.
Asojna torriilalis, Leclerer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Mouat. vii. pp. 342, 457, pi. 6, fig. 15 (1863).
Male. Dull reddish. Forewing crossed by a black outwardly-curved antemedial
Hue, an inwardly-oblique pale-bordered denticulated postmedial line, and a marginal
row of dentate spots ; a blackish spot at end of the cell, and some pale-bordered
points on the costa : hindwing with a slender indistinct black inner line, a more
distinct discal waved line, and marginal dentate spots ; antenna finely pectinated.
Expanse \l inch.
PYRALIS IMBECILIS.
Female. Pale cinereous-ochreous : forewing brownish-ochreous along the costal
edge ; crossed by a very indistinct pale ochreous curved antemedial line, and a
sti'aight almost erect postmedial line : hindwing with a pale ochreous wavy discal
line. Palpi and forelegs brownish-ochreous.
Expanse 1% inch.
Allied to the European P. glaucinalis, Linn.
Genus BOSTRA.
Bostra, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 123 (1863).
" Female. Wings short, rather broad : forewing acute, costa straight, exterior
margin convex, very oblique hindward. Body thick ; palpi porrect, lanceolate, third
joint conical, minute ; antennaj slender; abdomen lanceolate; legs rather long and
slender, smooth, spurs moderately long."
BOSTRA ILLUSELLA.
Bosti'a illusella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 123 (1863).
" Female. Brownish-cinereous : forewing with a pale fawn-coloured band,
bounded by an oblique whitish line, followed by a whitish submarginal undulating
line. Head, palpi, and legs pale fawn colour.
" Expanse tii inch."
Genus ENDOTPaCHA.
Endotricha, Zeller, Isis, 1847, p. 592 ; H. Schasffer, Eur. SchmetD. iv. p. 12 ; Guenee, Delt. et Pyr.
p. 218 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 388; Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Mon.
vii. p. 344.
Forewing rather long, costa somewhat arched towards the end, apex subfalcate,
exterior margin slightly convex ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted
at one-sixth before end of the cell, third from end, trifid ; discocellular concave,
upper radial from end in a line with subcostal, lower radial and upper median on a
footstalk beyond end of the cell, middle median from end of cell, lower at one-fourth ;
PYRALIDJE. 2G5
submediau widely separated from median : hindwing short, exterior margin convex in
the middle ; cell two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of cell, upper extending
partly along the costal ; discocellular very obliquely concave, radial and upper median
fi'om its extended lower end, lower median at two-fifths. Body slender ; tegul^
divergent, hairs long ; front of head smooth, flat ; jialpi slightly ascending, slender,
short, third joint obtuse ; antennae submoniliform ; legs long, bare, sjjurs slender.
Type, E. flammealis.
ENDOTRICHA DECESSALIS.
Endotricha decessalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 390 (1859).
Pyralis decessalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1234 (1865).
Eed. Forewing ferruginous-red towards the base ; crossed by a wavy antemedial
indistinct brown line, and a submarginal slightly- curved line ; a slight blackish
lunular spot at end of the cell, and alternate yellowish and black points along the
costa : hindwing crossed by an indistinct antemedial and postmedial waved pale line.
Cilia white. Legs with blackish bands.
Expanse i% inch.
Genus DOTHTHA.
Dotlitha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 285 (1859).
Male. Forewing elongate, triangular, costa somewhat raised and angulated at
one-third before its end, apex acute, exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell narrow,
more than half the length ; first subcostal at one-fourth, second free, third trifid ;
discocellular concave, radial from upper end in a line with the subcostal ; two upper
medians (or lower radial and upper median) on a footstalk half beyond the cell,
middle median from end of the cell, lower from close to the end, and its entire
length covered on the underside with a lappet of scales ; submedian nearly straight ;
hindwing narrow, apex and extei'ior margin very convex ; cell two-fifths the length ;
two subcostals from end of cell, upper joining the costal for half its length; disco-
cellular outwardly oblique, concave ; the radial and upper median on a footstalk
half beyond the cell, middle median from end of the cell, lower at one-third.
Body slender; head depressed between the antennas; abdomen tufted at apex;
labial palpi short, vertical, applied close to the head, laxly squamous in front ;
maxillary palpi not visible ; antennas minutely serrated and pectinated, basal joint
with an appendage at its tip; tegulas of thorax long, lax, spatular; legs slender,
rather long, spurs long.
Type, D. mesenterialis.
DOTHTHA MESENTERIALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 8).
Doththa mesenteriahs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 285 (1859), S ; id. xix. p. 920.
Purplish-red, numerously speckled with black scales, which mostly form short
VOL. III. Mm
266 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
transverse strio-ce. Wings crossed by a medial undulated yellow band, which is broad
on the forowing and slender on the hindwing; an indistinct submarginal slender
yellowish undulated line ; a marginal black-dotted line ; some yellow and black points
on the costa of forewing. Base of abdomen blackish, tip and anal tuft golden-
yellow; legs reddish-brown; tarsi with pale bands. CiHa golden-yellow, with a
macular red inner line.
Expanse -7^5- inch.
DOTHTHA STJFFUSALIS.
Endotricha sufftisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 390 (1859), q .
Purplish-red, minutely speckled with black scales : forewing with some yellow
and black points along the costa, and some black speckles between the outer veins ;
crossed by an antemedial waved yellow line, which is dilated at the costal end, the
costa towards the apex being also yellowish ; an indistinct slender black denticulated
submarginal and marginal line : hindwing crossed by a slender yellow medial line, an
indistinct blackish-speckled discal fascia, and a slender black marginal Une. Cilia
yellow, with an inner red macular line. Legs with yellowish bauds ; tip of abdomen
yellow.
Expanse, ^ tV, 2 fV inch.
Genus AGLOSSA.
Aghssa, Latrielle, Hist. Nat. Gen. Crust, et lus. iii. p. 414 (1802); id. siv. p. 229 (1805); Lamarck,
Hist. Nat. Anim. iii. p. 557 (1816); Stephens, Illust. Haust. iv. p. 22 ; Guenee, Delt. et Pyr.
p. 125; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 274.
Male. Forewing rather long, moderately broad; cell long, extending nearly
three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell,
second free, third trifid ; discocellular concave, radials from extreme upper and lower
ends; middle median from near end of the cell, lower at two-fifths; submedian
recurved : hindwing moderately broad, exterior margin convex ; cell two-fifths the
length ; two subcostals from beyond end of the cell, free from the costal ; disco-
cellular bent in the middle, radial and upper median from extended lower end of the
cell ; middle median close to the end, lower at one-third. Body moderately stout,
head flat in front; labial palpi porrect, projected much beyond the head, second joint
stout, coarsely pilose beneath, third joint short, lanceolate ; maxillary palpi small,
slender, porrect ; antennae finely bipectinated ; legs long, stout, tibii© very slightly
jnlose above ; spurs stout.
Type, A. pinguinalis.
AGLOSSA GNIDTJSALIS.
Aglossa Gmdusalis, Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 278 (1859).
" Female. Cinereous. Winffs with the interior and exterior lines denticulated,
pale, with dark inner border ; submarginal line composed of black points. Fore-
PYRALIDyE. 267
wings dark, and witli pale points along part of the costa; reniform mark blackish, a
pale streak.
"Expanse 10 lines."
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of ]\Ir. E. L. Layard.
Genus RHODONEURA.
Rlwdoneura, Guenee, Pbalaenites, ii. Siculidae, pi. 1, fig. 8 (1857).
Osca, Walker, Jouru, Linn. Soc. Zool. vii. p. 73 (1864).
Wings smooth, Forewing rather long, triangular ; costa arched towards end,
apex very acute, exterior margin very oblique ; cell more than half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at nearly half before end of the cell, second, third, and fourtli
from near the end, each free, fifth from the end; discocellular erect, acutely bent
near the ends, shghtly concave in middle, radials from the angles ; middle median at
one-fifth and lower at fully half before end of cell ; submedian much curved down-
ward from the base and with a short lower branch : hind wing short, triangular ; cell
short, less than one-third the length, broad ; first subcostal from before end of cell
free from costal ; discocellular bent inward in the middle, radial from near lower end ;
middle median close to end, lower at one-third; submedian and internal vein curved.
Body rather stout, smooth; labial palpi curved, slender, smooth, rather long, third
joint two-thirds the length of second ; antennse thick, smooth ; legs broad ; femora
smooth, tibias flat, pilose on outer side; tarsi long, spurs long, stout, unequal in
length.
Tijpe^ R. pudicahs.
EHODOKEURA DENTICULOSA.
Cinereous-white ; silky : forewing with the costal border blotched with cinereous-
black ; crossed by several ill-defined iuwardly-ol:)lique denticulated cinereous-black
lines, which are partly confluent on the posterior margin, and an apical marginal row
of black spots : hindwing with similar coloured denticulated bands, and apical mar-
ginal row of black spots. Cilia alternated with cinereous-black. Body, palpi, fore
and middle legs, and hind tarsi with cinereous-black bands.
Expanse or inch.
Allied to Fi. viarmorealis and JR. hastialis.
Genus MICROSCA.
Microsca, Butler, Types Lep. Het. B. M. iii. p. 71 (1879).
" Allied to Osca. Palpi less porrect, and with shorter terminal joint ; spines of
hind tibi^ longer. Forewings with the outer margin more or less convex."
Type., M. hedilalis {Ptj rails hedilalis, Walker).
M m 2
268 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
MICROSCA TRIMERONALIS.
rymUs TrimcronaUs, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xix. p. 916 (1859).
Yellowisli-oclireous. Botli wings covered with numerous brownisTi-oclireous
continuous strigee ; marginal line brown. Body yellowish-ochreous ; front of thorax,
head, palpi, and legs brownish-ochreous ; outer spurs and bands on tarsi blackish.
Expanse tV inch.
Genus SYLLYTHRIA.
Syllijthria, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 349 (1825-7).
Ostrinis, Hiibner, id. p. 360 (1825-7).
Ehodaria, Guenee, Delt. et Pyr. p. 168 (1854); Diiponcbel, Catal. Lep. Eur. p. 199; Walker, Catal.
Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 312.
Bottjs (pan), Lederer, Pyr. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 364 (1863).
Wings small : forewing rather short and broad, triangular ; cell very long,
extending fully two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth, second
and third from angles close to end, third bifid, fifth from end of the cell ; disco-
cellular concave, radials from near the ends ; middle median from angle near
end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian straight : hindwing comparatively long,
exterior margin slightly convex; cell two-fifths the length at its upper end and
three-fifths at its lower end; subcostals from end of cell, upper branch partly
joined to the costal; discocellular very oblique, bent inward near upper end, radial
and two upper medians approximate at their base at end of the cell, lower median at
one-third. Body slender ; labial palpi porrect, projecting more than half beyond the
eyes, compressed, broad, laxly clothed with coarse scales, third joint short, acute ;
maxillary palpi ascending, slender, pubescent ; antennee minutely ciliated ; legs
slender, bare, spurs moderately long.
Type, S. sanguinalis, Linn.
SYLLYTHRIA IMBTJTALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 9).
Ehodaria imbutalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1283 (1865).
Forewing purplish-red, with a few black speckles on the costal edge, and a
marginal slender black lunular line : hindwing pale gilded yellow. Thorax, head,
tip of palpi, and forelegs red ; palpi and abdomen yellow ; middle and hindlegs
yellowish-white ; tibial slightly red above.
Expanse jV inch.
Genus HELIOTHELA.
Hdiothela, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 152 (18.')4) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 298 ;
Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 352.
Pcrilypa (part), llubner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 372 (1825-7).
Orosana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 458 (1863).
Nijctarcha, Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Loud. 18S4, p. 344.
Wings small ; cilia very broad : forewing rather narrow ; cell more than half the
PYRALID^. 269
length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell, second and third
well separated, third bifid, fifth from end; discocellular bent near each end, radials
from the angles ; middle median close to end, lower at one-fifth ; submcdian recurved
from the base : hindwing broad ; cell two-fifths the length ; subcostals from the end ;
discocellular concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell,
lower at one-fifth. Body rather stout, abdomen not extending beyond hindwing,
keeled above ; labial palpi porrect, extending half beyond the head, second joint with
dense projecting decumbent scales at the apex, third joint exposed, somewhat ex-
panded with scales and truncate at the tip ; maxillary palpi obliquely ascending,
expanded with scales and truncate at the tip ; antennas filiform ; legs rather short,
squamous, spurs nearly equal.
Type, H. atralis.
HELIOTHELA OPHIDERESANA.
Orosona Ophideresana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 459 (1863).
Nyctarcha Ophideres, Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 345.
Dark cupreous-brown : forewing crossed by an indistinct black antemedial and
a postmedial irregular line, the latter curved inward below end of the cell and
bordered on its upper inner half by an ochreous-whitish band ; a submarginal series
of indistinct minute whitish dots ; an indistinct black spot in the cell and another
at its end : hindwing with the basal area and a discal spot bright orange-yellow.
Ciha dark grey, with a broad blackish inner line; abdominal segments mar-
gined with ochreous-white ; palpi white beneath ; tibia and tarsi with white
bands.
Expanse A to i^r inch.
Hah. Colombo.
Genus PELECYNTIS.
Pelccyntis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 315.
Male. Forewing narrow, triangular; cell half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth from end; discocellular
erect, hardly concave, radials from close to each end ; two upper medians from end
of cell, lower at one-fourth : hindwing short, rather narrow, triangular, exterior
margin waved ; cell one-third the length, broad ; subcostals from end of cell ; disco-
cellular slightly concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of
cell, lower at one-fourth. Body slender, tegulas with very long lax hairy scales ; anal
tuft dense; labial palpi short, oblique, laterally broad, pilose in front, second joint
truncate, third joint short, obtusely conical; maxillary palpi distinct, oblique;
antennae setaceous ; legs long, smooth, spurs of unequal length.
Type, P. absistalis.
270 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
PELECYNTIS ABSISTALIS.
Pyransta ahsi-ttalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. Til. xvii. p. 311 (1859).
Asopia Lydialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 374 (18o9).
Boti/s iistalis, Lederer, Pyr. Wieu. Eiit. Mouat. vii. pp. 373, 471, pi. x. fig. 14 (1863).
Iledyhpta ustalis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1884, p. 37.
Hedylt'pta pyraustalis, Snellen, Miikl. Siim.Ttra, Lep. p. 71 (1880).
Pelccyntls ahstitalis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 316.
Golden-yellow: forewing crossed by a diffused blackish cupreous-brown basal,
antemedial, and a postmedial sinuous line, and a broad marginal partly confluent band ;
the middle area from below the costal border also more or less suffused with brown ;
a distinct brown spot in middle of the cell, and another at the end : hindwing with a
similar broad brown marginal band, and a zigzag middle band. Cilia cinereous-
white, with a brown inner line. Thorax and abdomen brown speckled, darkest in
the female; abdomen with slender white bands; tegulse tipt with brown; palpi and
fore tibia3 with a brown band.
Expanse tV inch.
PELECYNTIS AMYNTUSALIS (Plate 178, Fig. \2,S).
Botys Amyntusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 662 (1859).
Asopia Critheisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 939 (1859).
Botys semizebralis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1407 (1865).
Pale straw-yellow, brightest in the female : forewing crossed by an outwardly-
curved antemedial purplish cinereous-brown line, a medial line which is joined to a
quadrate mark at end of the cell, and an angulated postmedial line, confluent with
which is a similar coloured apical and posterior marginal patch, a brown dot in
middle of the cell, some basal costal streaks and a dot near base of posterior margin :
hindwing crossed by a similar brown inner line which is joined to a mark at end of
the cell; an angulated discal line, and an apical and subanal patched marginal band.
Cilia whitish, with a slender brown inner line. Spots on thorax and tuft on abdomen
brown ; palpi tipt with brown ; fore tibiiB with a brown band.
Expanse tV to tIt inch.
PELECYNTIS DISTOETA (Plate 180, Fig. 7).
^nescent yellow : forewing with two asnescent purplish-brown transverse sub-
basal zigzag streaks, a curved antemedial broad line, and a distorted angular post-
medial broad hue, the latter curved inward to below the cell and there confluent with
a large reniform mark, which almost touches the costa ; a broad geuescent purpUsh-
brown marginal band extends from the postmedial line enclosing a yellow streak
before the apex, this band also running along the posterior margin to the antemedial
line : hindwing with an ieuescent-browu mark at end of cell, from which descends a
PYRALIDuE. 271
straight line, beyond which is a distorted discal line, and a broad apical and an anal
brown patch. Cilia with a brown inner line. Body with brown bands ; anal tuft
brown ; palpi above and band on fore tibifB brown.
Expanse lyV inch.
Genus CHNAURA.
Chnanra, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eiit. Mouat. vii. p. 435 (1863).
Syngamia (part), Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 333 (1859).
Forewing long, narrow, triangidar ; apex pointed, exterior margin very oblique,
somewhat angular in the middle ; cell half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-
fifth before end of the cell, second, third, and fifth from the end, third bifid ; disco-
cellular concave, radials from near upper end and extreme lower end ; two upper
medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fifth ; submedian slightly undulated :
hindwing short, exterior margin very obUque, somewhat angular in the middle ; cell
one-third the length; two subcostals from end, upper extending partly along the
costal ; discocellular concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of
the cell, lower at one-fourth. Body moderately slender ; abdomen keeled above, apex
pointed ; labial palpi porrect, of uniform lateral width throughout its length ; very
laxly squamous beneath, extending half beyond the eyes, truncate at the apex ;
maxillary palpi slender, porrect; antennjB slender, submoniliform, setose; legs
smooth ; spurs long, slender.
Type, C. Octavialis.
CHNATJUA OCTAVIALIS.
Syngamia Octavialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 334 (1859), (J.
Chnaura Octavialis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 435, pi. 17, fig. 4 (1863).
Wings yellow ; the base bright red : forewing with a purple-brown basal costal
streak, a transverse antemedial line, a postmedial band which is dilated hindward,
extends up the outer margin, and encloses a large yellow upper discal spot : hind-
wing with an excavated purple-brown marginal band, and a blackish spot at end of
the cell. Body yellow ; collar on front of thorax, a band at base of abdomen, and
the apical segments iridescent purple-brown ; the basal band bordered below with
red ; palpi tipt with purple-brown ; palpi beneath and legs yellow.
Expanse | inch.
Genus BOGCHORIS.
Male. Forewing narrow, somewhat triangular ; cell more than half the length ;
first subcostal emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell, second free, third bifid,
fifth from end of the cell ; discocellular shghtly oblique and concave, radials from
near the ends ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-sixth : hindwing
short, exterior margin oblique, undulated; cell two-fifths the length; subcostals
from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender ; radial from lower end ; two upper
272 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth. Body moderately stout; palpi
obli(|uely porrect, projecting half beyond the head, compressed, laterally broad, com-
pactly squamous, tip broad, truncate ; antennas finely ciliated ; legs long, smooth,
tibiae rather thick, spurs slender, unequal in length.
Type, B. inspersalis.
BOCCHORIS INSPERSALIS.
Botys inspersalis, Zeller, Lep. Microp. Caifr. Kougl. Vet. Akad. Ilaudl. 1852, p. 33.
^diodes inspersalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 434 (1863).
Besmia afflictalis, Gueaee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 190, pi. 5, fig. 4 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M.
vii. p. 344 (1859).
^diodes hootanalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1298 (1865).
Cupreous-black : f orewiug with a pure white subbasal dot below the cell, a spot
near end of the cell, a larger spot beyond, contiguous to which is a small dot below
it and a costal spot above it : hindwing with a pure white basal spot, a similar sized
discal spot, a small spot between it and the outer margin, and a short streak above
anal angle. Cilia of both wings pure white at the anterior and posterior ends. A
white baud across base of thorax, and a slender band on the abdomen ; base of palpi,
pectus, and bands on legs white.
Expanse -| inch.
Genus DANAGA.
Male. Wings short : forewing rather broad ; cell extending half the length ;
first subcostal emitted close to eud of the cell, second trifid, fifth from end ; disco-
cellular concave, outwardly oblique, radials from near the ends ; two upper medians
from end of cell, lower at one-fourth : hindwing somewhat quadrate, apex convex,
exterior margin convexly angular in the middle ; cell one-third the length at its
upper end, and half the length at its lower end; subcostals from end of cell ; disco-
cellular very oblique, slightly concave, radial and two upper medians from end of
the cell, lower median at one-fourth. Body moderately stout ; labial palpi small,
obliquely ascending, smoothly squamous, not reaching the vertex, third joint smooth,
short, pointed ; maxillary palpi ascending, short ; antennjB in the male thick,
coarsely serrated and finely pectinated, bent at one-third from the base, thickened
and tufted at two-thirds its length ; antennas slender and simple in the female ; legs
very long, slender, spurs long, equal in length.
Tijiw, D. concisalis.
DANAGA CONCISALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 3, <?).
Besmia concisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 345 (1859).
Dark purplish-brown : forewing partly yellowish along the costa ; crossed by an
indistinct antemedial and a postmedial black undulated denticulated _line, both lines
PYRALID^. 273
partly, but indistinctly yellow-bordered, tbe yellow colour being most distinct at the
costal end ; a more distinct yellow quadrate spot at end of the cell : hindwing with
a discal wavy indistinct blackish yellow-bordered Hne, and a yellow spot at end of
the cell. Cilia brown, edged with cinereous-white, and with a yellow spot at the
apex and near posterior angle.
Expanse, c? -nj, 2 i^o inch.
Genus NACOLEIA.
Nacoh'ia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 934 (1859).
Semioceros, Meyrick, Trans. Eiit. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 318.
" "Wings elongate, rather narrow. Forewings subfalcate : hindwing with the
exterior border slightly bent. Body slender ; labial palpi short, porrect, third joint
conical, minute; antennce stout, very minutely serrated, angular in the middle,
slightly incrassated near the tips, which are convoluted ; abdomen extending beyond
hindwings, somewhat tumid towards the tip ; legs slender, smooth, spurs long."
Type, N. murcusalis.
NACOLEIA PR.ETERITALI3.
Asopia pratcritalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 372 (1859).
Male. Pale yellow, densely clouded with cinereous-brown speckles ; crossed by
an antemedial and a postmedial indistinct blackish denticulated line, the latter
undulated ; a blackish lunular mark at end of the cell, and a darker mark in the
middle; some yellow and blackish dentate points on the costa. Body brown
speckled ; abdomen with a blackish band at the base and tip ; forelegs with brown
bands.
Expanse to inch.
NACOLEIA COSTISIGNALIS.
Male and female. Forewing yellowish-ochreous ; whitish about the middle;
crossed by an erect antemedial, and an inwardly-oblique irregular postmedial whitish-
bordered black-speckled denticulated rather broad line ; both lines dilated at the
costal end ; a slight marginal deutated line ; an oval black mark on middle of the
costa; basal area with black-speckled patches, the lower medial area and the
maro-inal area also black speckled : hindwing yellowish-white, ochreous externally ;
some black-speckles at the base, a small streak at end of the cell, a lower discal
fascia, an irregular broad outer discal line, and a marginal line, the two latter with
intervening black speckles below the apex. Cilia with a slender inner bkck line.
Thorax and abdomen, fore and middle legs, with black bands.
Expanse, c? to, 2 h inch.
NACOLEIA CONTINGENS (Plate 179, Fig. 8, (?).
Glossy jsnescent-yellow : forewing crossed by an inwardly-oblique basal, an
VOL. III. N n
274 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
incomplete subbasal, a medial, and an undulated discal slender blackish band,
followed by an irregular marginal band which is broadest below the apex and at the
posterior angle ; a black-lined orbicular mark in middle of the cell, and a reniform
mark at its end, both being joined at their lower end by the discal band : hindwing
crossed by a blackish medial, and an undulated discal band, followed by a marginal
band which is broadest at the apex and at the anal angle. Cilia with a blackish
inner line. A black band across the thorax, on segments of abdomen, and on anterior
tibia3. Antennge in male bent at one-third from the base, and tufted at two-thirds its
length, shaft slightly serrated and very finely pectinated.
Expanse, <? 1%, 2 r? inch.
NACOLEIA TIASALIS.
Botys Tiasalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 994 (1859).
Ochreous. Wings brown speckled : forewing with a transverse brown-speckled
basal mark, an antemedial line, and an irregular discal line, the latter curved inward
to below the cell, followed by marginal points ; a brown-speckled orbicular and
a reniform mark. Palpi and legs with brown bands.
Expanse tu inch.
Genus SAME A.
Samea, Gueiiee, Delt. et Pyial. p. 193 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 349 (1859);
Lederer, Pyial. Wieu. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 378.
Forewing elongated, rather narrow, triangular, apex acute, subfalcate ; exterior
margin very oblique ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fifth
before end of the cell, second trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular concave, radials
from close to each end ; middle median fi'om close to end of cell, lower at one-fifth ;
submedian recurved : hindwing rather narrow, apex produced, acute, exterior margin
very oblique, undulated ; cell broad, about half the length ; subcostals from the end,
upper branch extending half its length along the costal ; discocellular concave, radial
from extreme lower end ; middle median close to end, lower at one-third. Body
rather slender ; abdomen of male furnished with a curled tuft of hairs on each side
towards the apex ; labial palpi short, oblique, laxly squamous, third joint very short,
truncated; maxillary palpi minute; antennae pubescent in male; legs slender,
smooth, spm'S long.
Type, S. Ecclesialis.
SAMEA GRATIOSALIS.
Samea r/ratiosalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 357 (1859), J",
Male. Yellow, irregularly speckled and clouded with crimson : forewing with a
short medial and discal irregular macular vitreous-white band, and a small similar
PYRALID^. 275
spot at end of tlie cell : bind wing with a short upper subbasal and a discal vitreous-
white band. Tip of palpi and bands on legs brown.
Expanse -ru to yV inch.
SAMEA RORIDAIIS.
Samea roridalis, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 371 (1859), S .
Male. Yellow, slightly clouded and speckled with crimson : forewing with a
crimson-bordered spot at end of the cell, one at its end, a round spot below end of
the cell, and a short discal narrow crimson-bordered macular band : hindwing with
medial and discal crimson marks. Forelegs with brown bands.
Expanse -n^ inch.
This species is very similar to the preceding, but the markings on both wings
are not vitreous-white.
SAMEA RHODOPHILALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 13, ?).
Endotricha rhodophilalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1311 (1865;.
Botys amcvnalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1443 (186.5).
Samea dives, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 682.
Bright yellow. Wings slightly speckled with ochreous and rosy-red at the base ;
crossed by an antemedial and two postmedial undulated black-speckled lines : fore-
wing with a rosy-red patch descending obliquely from middle of the costa to lower
end of the postmedial line and is thence joined to a rosy-red streaked band, which
oiitwardly ascends the exterior line to the costa : hindwing with a similar rosy-red
outer band. Body speckled with ochreous ; head brown ; palpi brown speckled ;
legs ochreous-white ; forelegs with brown bands.
Expanse to- inch.
Genus COTACHENA.
Forewing long, very narrow, triangular ; cell very short, extending one-third the
length only ; first subcostal close to end of cell, second trifid, fifth from the end and
almost coalescent with third near its base ; discocellular oblique, upper radial from
its upper end, lower radial and two upper medians from end of cell, lower median
close to end of cell ; submedian straight, with a slender recurved lower branch :
hindwing rather long, triangular ; cell one-third the length ; two subcostals from
the end, upper partly joined to costal ; discocellular concave, radial and two upper
medians from end of cell, lower median close to the end ; a submedian and two
internal veins. Body moderately stout, abdomen keeled above, extending beyond
hindwings ; labial palpi porrect, rostriform, laxly squamous beneath ; maxillary
palpi oblique, distinct, slender ; antenna3 with very fine rather broad cilias ; legs
smooth, long, spurs long, slender, unequal.
N n 2
276 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
COTACHENA HISTRICALIS.
Botys Imtricalis, Walker, Cutal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 655 (1859).
Oclireous-yellow : forewing with the basal area clouded with ochreous-brown ;
crossed by a blackish antemedial, and an irregular discal line, the latter curved
inward towards lower end of the cell ; with four blackish-bordered pure white semi-
hyaline spots, the first in middle of cell, second at end of the cell, third at upper
end of discal line, the fourth at the lower angle of the discal line near lower end of
the cell : hindwing paler yellow ; with an undulated ochreous-brown discal line, a
curved marginal line, and a slight spot at end of the cell. Thorax and head ochreous-
brown ; abdomen ochreous-yellow ; palpi above dark brown, palpi beneath and legs
white ; forelegs with brown bands.
Expanse $ 1 inch.
Genus HEDYLEPTA.
Hedylepta, Lederer, Pyral. Wieu. Eut. Mouat. vii. p. 409 (1863).
Asopia, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 202 (1854!) — nee Treitschke.
Male. Forewing elongated, narrow, triangular ; cell half the length ; first sub-
costal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second and third from angle close
to the end, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular concave, radials from close
to each end ; middle median close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-third :
hindwing elongated at the apex, exterior margin very oblique ; cell one-third the
length; subcostals from the endj discocellular concave, radial and two upper
medians from end of cell ; lower median at one-third. Body slender ; labial palpi
short, thick, extending half beyond the head, pilose, third joint short, conical, in-
distinct; maxillary palpi distinct, ascending; antennee minutely pubescent; legs
moderately long, smooth, inner spurs very long, slender, outer spurs short.
Tijpe, H. vulgalis.
HEDYLEPTA VOLGALIS.
Asopia vulgalis, Ctuinee, Delt. et Pjial. p. 202, pi. 6, f. 8; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii.
p. 364.
Hedylepta vulgalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 409 (1863).
Botys ma;liusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 703 (1859).
Botys reductalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1412 (1865).
Ochreous-yellow, slightly suffused with purplish-cinereous. Both wings crossed
by a slender Ijrowu irregular discal line, which is bent inward to below the cell and
there touches a brown lunular mark at end of the cell ; marginal line brown, which
is sometimes slightly macular : forewing also with a brown curved antemedial line,
and a dot in middle of the cell. Cilia with a slender brown inner line.
Expanse tV inch.
PYBALID.'E. 2T7
HEDYLEPTA ABRUPT ALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 14, 9).
Asopia ahruptalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 371 (1859).
Botys ahruptalis, Meyrick, Trans. Eat. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 323.
Asopia dotatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1305 (1865).
Gilded-yellow, outer borders darkest : forewing crossed by a blackish curved
antemedial line, and an irregularly undulated postmedial line, the latter being deeply
curved below end of the cell and there almost touches a black lunular streak ; a
darker yellow streak at the base : hindwing crossed by two medial blackish wavy
lines ; marginal line black. Cilia white, with a cinereous-brown inner line. Palpi
brown above, white beneath ; legs whitish, forelegs with black bands.
Expanse ttt to t» inch.
HEDYLEPTA LATIMARGINALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 16).
Asopia latimarginalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 370 (1859).
Straw-yellow, palest in the male ; the outer borders purphsh cinereous-ochreous :
forewing more or less clouded with purphsh cinereous-ochreous at the base ; crossed
by a slender black curved antemedial hne, and a postmedial line bordering the
marginal baud, the latter line is undulated, curved inward below end of the cell, and
there joins a linear streak at end of the ceU : hindwing crossed by two medial black
lines, the outer line bordering the marginal band. Ciha whitish, with a slender
blackish inner Une. Abdomen above with slender white and black fringed segmental
bands, terminal segments red, subterminal segment with a broader black band,
tip in male with two longitudinal white streaks ; legs white ; forelegs with black
bands.
Expanse jo to ts inch.
HEDYLEPTA FALSIDICALIS.
Asopia falsidicalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 370 (1859), ?.
Botys jucmdalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wieu. Eat. Monat. vii. pp. 370, 463, pi. 8, fig. 17 (1863), ?.
Female. Wings purple-brown, glossy: forewing crossed by a bright yellow-
bordered black antemedial curved line, and a postmedial irregular hne, the latter
line being deeply bent inward below end of the cell, the yellow border being con-
fined broadly to the upper end: hindwing with a medial yellow black-bordered band,
which is attenuated to the anal angle. Cilia whitish, with a broad medial black band ;
legs white ; fore and middle tibite and tarsi with brownish bands.
Expanse ro inch.
HEDYLEPTA ILLECTALIS.
Botys illectalis, Walker, Catai. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. 658 (1859).
Ehulea Opheltesalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 1010 (1859).
Reddish-ochreous : forewing crossed by a curved black antemedial waved line,
278 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
and an irregular discal line, followed by a less distinct curved submarginal line,
and a prominent marginal line : hindwing -with a similar irregular discal line, a
curved submarginal line, and a prominent marginal line. Cilia pure wliite. Palpi
beneatli wliite ; legs whitish, fore femora and tibiae above brown ; fore tarsi with
brown bands.
Expanse 1 inch.
HEDYLEPTA STRAMINEA (Plate 180, Fig. 5).
Ochreous-yellow : forewing with some indistinct basal reddish-ochreous spots, a
transverse outwardly-curved brown antemedial line, and an irregular discal line,
the latter bent indistinctly inward to below end of the cell and nearly touches a hmu-
lar mark at its end : hindwing with a brown irregular discal line, which is bent
indistinctly inward to below end of the cell and touches a slender streak at its end.
Cilia cinereous-white, with a blackish inner line. Sides of thorax, front of head,
palpi above, and fore tibiae ochreous ; palpi beneath and legs white ; tip of abdomen
reddish-ochreous and with a black spot.
Expanse -nr inch.
HEDYLEPTA (?) NIOBESALIS.
Asopia Niohesalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 939 (1859).
" Pale ochraceous. "Wings with slight blackish denticulated lines ; exterior line
much bent ; marginal festoon black ; fringe white. Forewings subfalcate ; reniform
mark small, blackish. Palpi porrect, as long as the breadth of the head, third
joint lanceolate, nearly as long as the second. Antennse submoniliform.
" Expanse 6 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described hj Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layai'd,
Genus GADESSA.
Forewing moderately long, triangular, exterior margin very oblique ; cell more
than half the length ; first subcostal at one-third before end of the cell ; second and
thu'd from angle close to end, third bifid ; fifth from the end ; discocellular concave,
radials from near each end ; middle median from angle close to end, lower at one-
third ; submedian with a slender recurved lower branch : hindwing short, broad,
triangular; cell one-third the length; two subcostals from the end, upper partly
joined to costal near the base ; discocellular concave, radial from the lower end; two
upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third ; a submedian and two internal
veins. Body rather stout, thorax robust, laxly clothed ; abdomen long, apex
pointed; labial palpi curved, smoothly scaled, of equal width to near the tip,
third joint short, bluntly pointed ; maxillary palpi short, slender ; antennte long,
PYRALID.'E. 279
slender, very minutely ciliated; legs long, rather stout, fore and middle tibiae
clothed with short hairy scales, spurs long, unequal.
GADESSA ALBIFRONS (Plate 180, Fig. 6).
Pale cinereous-ochreous. Wings opalescent : forewing crossed by a blackish
curved outwardly-oblique antemedial line, an irregular postmedial denticulated line,
which is indistinctly bent inward to below the cell, a prominent marginal line ; a
punctiform spot in middle of the cell, and a broad lunule at the end ; hindwing with
a blackish lunule at end of the cell, an irregular discal denticulated line, and a pro-
minent marginal line. Cilia with a lilackish inner line. Front of head and base of
abdomen whitish ; abdomen with slight ochreous band and a black band on penul-
timate segment ; legs whitish ; a black band on fore tibite.
Expanse (? 2 1 to lyu- inch.
Genus PACHYZANCLA.
Pachyzanda, Meyiick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 315.
Male. Forewing narrow, elongate, exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell fully half
the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fifth before end of the cell, second and third
from angle close to end, third bifid, fifth curved upward from the end ; discocellular
outwardly oblique, slightly concave in middle, radials from angle near the ends ; two
upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth : hindwing rather narrow, tri-
angular, exterior margin slightly convex ; cell one-third the length ; subcostals from
end ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from
end of cell, lower at one-third. Body slender ; tegulge with very long lax hairy
scales ; labial palpi obliquely ascending, laterally broad, second joint truncate, third
joint small, conical, scarcely visible ; maxillary palpi rather short ; antennse seta-
ceous ; legs rather short, smooth, spurs long, slender, unequal in length.
TuiiCf P. mutualis.
PACHYZANCLA MUTUALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 15, S)-
Botys mutualis, Zeller, Lep. ilicrop. CaflV. Kougl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1852, p. 40.
Pachyzanda mutualis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1883, p. 129; Meyrick, Trans. Eat. Soc. Loud. 1884,
p. 315.
Botys stultalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 669 (1859).
Botys retradalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1447 (1865).
Botys wgrotalis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1872, p. 90, pi. 7, fig. 8; Midd. Siimat. iv. 1, p. 63, nea
Zeller.
Cinereous-ochreous, with a purplish tinge. Both wings crossed by a slender
pale blackish irregular undulated denticulated discal line, which is curved inward
below the cell, but does not extend to a blackish lunate spot at end of the cell ; a
280 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
slender blackisli marginal line : forewing also with a blackisli curved subbasal line,
and a dot in middle of the cell. Cilia with a slender blackish inner line. Body
beneath, base of palpi, and legs pure white ; palpi above brownish ; forelegs with
blackish bands.
Expanse -^^ inch.
PACHYZANCLA BASALIS.
Botys hasalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1401 (1865).
Botijs apertalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1450 (1865).
Bi'ight ochrcous-yellow, palest on the hindwing. Both wings crossed by a
discal somewhat indistinct, very slender blackish irregularly-undulated denticulated
line, which is curved inward below the cell ; a distinct black spot at end of the
cell ; marginal line ochreous-brown : forewing also with a slender curved subbasal
line, and a dot in middle of the cell. Body beneath, base of palpi, and legs
white ; forelegs with pale brown bands ; middle tibice with pale brown_ basal
streak.
Expanse tit inch.
Genus MABRA.
Wings small : forewing elongate, triangular, exterior margin oblique, slightly
convex in the middle ; cell half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third be-
fore end of the cell, fifth from the end ; discocellular concave, radials from near upper
and close to lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third:
hindwing rather narrow, exterior margin very oblique, slightly convex in the middle ;
cell one-third the length ; subcostals from the end ; discocellular deeply concave,
radial and two upper medians from end of the cell, lower median at one-third.
Body slender ; labial palpi porrect, second joint projecting half beyond the eyes,
very laxly squamous, third joint lanceolate, half length of second ; maxillary palpi
ascending, squamous ; antennjB with fine short ciliaj ; legs smooth, rather short,
spurs long, slender, equal in length.
Tijpc, M. Eryxalis.
MABRA ERYXALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 4).
Asopia Eryxalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 371 (1859).
Ochreous-yellow. Both wings with the discal area covered with dark cinereous
and brown scales, the disc being crossed by an indistinct brown irregular undulated
line, beyond which is a brownish-ochreous submarginal line : forewing also with a
brownish-ochreous curved antemedial line. Abdomen brownish speckled, and with
slender white segmental bands ; forelegs cinereous-brown ; hindlegs whitish.
Expanse -rcr to /V inch.
PYRALID.^. 281
Genus CNAPHALOCROCIS.
CHap/iaZocrocjs, Ledercr, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Mouat. vii. p. 381< (1863); Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soe.
Lond. 1884, p. 303.
Wings small. Male : foi^ewiug elongate, triangular ; with a small glandular
pouch on the costa above before the middle, which is covered by a double coalescing tuft
of hairs, and with a contiguous lower tuft of hairs projecting forward along middle
of the submedian ; cell half the length ; first subcostal curved below the pouch, fifth
from end of the cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radials from upper end and
close to lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at oue-fifth ; sub-
median straight : hindwing short, triangular ; apex pointed ; cell one-third the
length ; subcostals from end, i;pper coalesced to the costal to near its extreme end ;
discocellular outwardly oblique, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end
of cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal veins straight. Body slender,
anal tuft pointed ; forehead ridged at the sides ; labial palpi moderately long, por-
rect, extending half beyond the head, obtusely pointed in front, truncate at the tip
above, laxly squamous ; maxillary palpi dilated with lax scales at the tip, truncate ;
antennae submondiform ; legs moderately long ; fore tibise short and dilated with
hairs ; inner spurs long, outer short.
Type, C. medinalis.
CNAPHALOCROCIS MEDINALIS.
Salbia medinalis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 201 (1854), § .
Botrjs rutilalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 665 (1859).
Botys lolealis, Walker, id. p. 666 (1859).
Cnaphalocrocis lolinalis, Lederer, Pyral, Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 385, pi. 12, fig. 7, ,J(1863);
Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1883, p. 135.
Botys acerrimalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1449 (1865).
Ochreous-yellow, glossy : forewing with the costal edge and a marginal band
purplish cinereous-brown; crossed by an outwardly-oblique slender brown ante-
medial line, and an inwardly-oblique discal line ; a slender brown lunule at end of
cell ; a blackish marginal line : hindwing with a slender brown spot at end of the
cell, a discal line, a cinereous-brown marginal band, and a blackish marginal line.
Cilia edged with white, with a brown inner line. Front of thorax, head, palpi
above, and fore tibise brown ; legs white. Male with a glandular tuft of cinereous-
black hairs on middle of the costa above, and with a contiguous lower tuft of
ochreous hairs ; anal tuft black, and with two white longitudinal streaks.
Expanse ^ ? i^ inch.
This is quite a distinct species from the Australian C. nursciahs {Botys Nur-
VOL. III. 0 0
282 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
scialis. Walker, Catal. xviil. 724), which lias been erroneously referred to it by
Mr. Meyrick in his paper on the Australian PyralidtB, in Trans. Bnt. Soc. Lond.
1884, p. 304.
Genus DOLICHOSTICHA.
Bolichosticha, Meyrick, Ti'caus. Ent. Soc. Load. 1884, p. 304.
Closely allied to Marasmia. Wings narrower ; venation similar ; differs in the
absence of the glandular tuft on the forewing and also of the lannginose patch on
the hindwing of the male. Palpi, antenna?, and legs similar; abdomen with a
similar villose subanal tuft.
DOLICHOSTICHA VENILIALIS.
Asojiia veniludis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 373 (1859).
Botijs marisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 717 (1859), ? .
Bolichosticha venilialis, Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. (1884), p. 305.
Yellowish cinereous-white, opalescent : forewing with the costal and exterior
marginal border broadly purplish cinereous-brown ; some black dots along middle of
the costal edge ; crossed by a slender curved brown antemedial line, and an irregular
discal line, the latter being bent indistinctly to below the cell and almost touching
a lunule at the end : hindwing with two brown lines ending at the anal angle, and
a brown marginal band. Cilia whitish, with brown inner line. Thorax, front of head,
palpi above, and fore tibi93 brown ; palpi beneath and legs white. Male with cine-
reous-brown sul)anal. and anal tuft, the latter white streaked.
Expanse $ ^ -nj inch.
Genus BACOTOMA.
Forewing moderately long, exterior margin oblique, slightly convex ; cell three-
fifths the length ; first subcostal at one-fifth before end of the cell, second and third
fi'om angle close to end, thix'd bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular bent near each
end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end, lower at nearly
one-fourth ; submedian nearly straight, with a short lower recurved slender branch :
hindwing broad, triangular ; apex obtuse ; cell one-third the length ; subcostals from
the end ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians
from end, lower at nearly one-third ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body
moderately slender, abdomen in male long, with short lateral subanal tufts and long
hairy anal tuft : labial palpi obliquely ascending, broad, very compactly squamous,
second joint truncate, third joint very minute ; obtusely conical ; antennas sub-
moniliform ; legs moderately long, smooth, spurs long, unequal.
BACOTOMA ABJUNGALIS (Plate 180, Fia. 8).
Botys ahjurifjaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 670 (1859).
Botys ahjwictalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 376, pi. 11, fig. 11 (1863).
-iEnescent-yellow : forewing with a broad iridescent bluish purplish-brown band
rYRALIBJE. 283
along the costa and exterior border ; the extreme costal edge yellowish ; a trans-
verse curved antemedial and an irregular interrupted postraedial black denticulated
line, and a curved streak at end of the cell; both lines dilated at the costal end :
hindwing with the extreme base bluish purplish-brown; a slender bent streak at end
of the cell, and an interrupted discal line ; apical border and marginal line also
tinged with bluish purplish-brown. Cilia cinereous-brown, whitish posteriorly, and
with a dark brown inner line. Thorax, head, and palpi above purplish-brown ; palpi
beneath white; abdomen ochreous-yellow towards the end, with anal and subanal
brown-bordered bands ; legs whitish ; fore tibise with brown bands.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus MARASMIA.
Marasmia, Lederer, Pryal. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 385 (18G3).
Wings somewhat narrower than in Cnaphalocrocis. Male : forewing with an
elongated oval glandular pouch situated below the first subcostal and occupying the
upper exterior half of the cell, the pouch being covered above by a tuft of long coarse
curved scales, which project backward from the costal vein ; the subcostal is curved
below the pouch and thence upward to near end of the cell, the second and third
branches being emitted close to the end, and fifth from the end ; upper radial from
near middle of discocellular ; lower median at one-fourth before end of cell : hindwing
with similar venation to Cnaphalocrocis, and a lanuginous costal patch before the
apex. Abdomen with a slender pointed anal tuft, and a villose tuft on the two sub-
anal segments ; palpi porrect, broad, pointed in front, clothed with long decumbent
hairy scales, truncate above, third point concealed ; maxillary j^alpi dilated with
scales at the lip ; antenna submoniliform ; legs slender, fore tibife tufted.
MARASMIA RURALIS.
Bofi/s ruralis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 666 (1859); id. xix. p. 994.
Marasmia cicatricosa, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 386, pi. 12, fig. 8 (1863),^.
Pale yellow ; forewing with a costal and exterior marginal purplish cinereous-
brown band ; some prominent black dots, about ten in number, along middle of the
costal edge ; crossed by an inwardly- oblique brown antemedial line, and an irregular
discal line, the latter bent inward to below the cell and almost touching a lunule at
end of the cell : hindwing with a brown line from end of the cell, and a discal line,
both ending at anal angle ; beyond which is a broad purplish-cinereous marginal
band. Cilia whitish, with a brown inner line. Thorax in front, head, palpi above,
and fore tibi^ cinereous-brown ; palpi beneath and legs whitish. Male with an
elongated oval glandular pouch extending below the costa to near the median vein,
the pouch covered above by a tuft of long coarse blackish-cinereous scales, which
0 0 2
284 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
project bindward over tlie cell ; anal and subanal tuft oclireous-brown, tlie former
white streaked.
Expanse <S ? -h inch.
Genus RAYANOA.
Forewing rather broad, triangular ; cell fully half the length ; first subcostal at
one-fifth before end of the cell, second trifid, fifth from end ; discocellular slightly
concave, radials from near the ends ; middle median from close to end of cell, lower
at one-third ; submediau recurved, with a slender lower recurved branch extending
to one-third its length : hindwing broad, triangular ; cell one-third the length ; sub-
costals from the end, upper joined to the costal to near its end ; discocellular slightly
concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-
third ; a straight submedian and two internal veins. Body moderately stout, thorax
robust, abdomen keeled above, attenuated at tip ; tuft pointed ; labial palpi curved,
projecting one-third beyond the head, laxly squamous beneath, third joint very
sliort, pointed ; maxillary palpi distinct, slender, oblique ; antennsB submoniUform ;
legs slender, smooth, spurs very long, hind spurs of nearly equal length.
Type, R. biliueolalis.
RAVANOA BILINEOLALIS (Plate 180, Fig, 9).
Zehronia hilineolalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1350 (1865).
Silvery-white. Both wings with four transverse inwardly-oblique brown lines ;
the first fine antemedial and straight, second postmedial and curved inward to below
end of the cell on the forewing, third submargiual and slightly curved, fourth
marginal ; each line converging to anal angle : forewing also with a narrow brown
costal band, and a lunule at end of the cell. A black band on subanal segment ;
legs white ; sides of thorax, fore and middle tibias brown above.
Expanse -^^ inch.
EAVANOA CREONALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 10).
Botys creonalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 579 (1859).
Botijs neoclesialis, Walker, id. p. fi35 (1859).
Botijs suspicalis, Walker, id. p. 667 (1859).
Botys convectalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1411 (1865).
Male and female. Pale cinereous-ochreous, opalescent ; costal border of fore-
wing and exterior borders purpHsh cinereous-brown; crossed by an antemedial, a
discal, and a submarginal blackish line, the two former ending at the anal angle, the
latter less defined, slightly denticulated and ending half-way before the anal angle ;
the discal line curved outward beyond the cell on the forewing; a black bipunctate
lunular mark at end of cell of forewing; marginal line black. Cilia white, with
slender blackish inner line. Front of thorax, head, palpi above, fore and middle legs
PYRALIDJE. 285
above, subanal and anal tuft purplish cinereous-brown ; anal tuft uitli white streaks ;
legs beneath ochrcous-white.
Expanse -^to^ inch.
Genus ACHARANA.
Forewing rather long, narrow ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at nearly one-fourth before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth from end, curved up-
ward from the base and almost touching the third ; discocellular concave, radials from
near the ends ; two upper medians from the end of cell, lower at nearly one-fourth ;
submedian recurved : hindwing broad, exterior margin convex ; cell broad, one-third
the length ; two subcostals from end of cell, upper joined to the costal to one-third
its length ; discocellular concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from
end of cell, lower about one-third ; a straight submedian and two internal veins.
Body rather stout ; abdomen keeled above, anal tuft long, pointed ; labial palpi
porrect, projecting half beyond the head, squamous, rather broad, truncate at the
tip, pointed in front, third joint concealed ; maxillary palpi oblique, reaching tip of
the labial ; antenna in male setaceous, very minutely ciliated ; legs rather stout,
smooth ; middle femora in male tumid and fringed above with short scales ; spurs
very long.
Tyi^e, A. Otreusalis.
ACHAEAN A OTREUSALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 11).
Boiys Otreusalis, Walker, Cutal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 639 (1859).
Botys triarialis, Walker, id. p. 639 (1859).
Botys Neloalis, Walker, id. p. 643 (1859).
Botys abstrasalis, Walker, id. p. 663 (1859).
Botys Pharaxalis, Walker, id. p. 725 (1859).
Botys imnmndalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1448 (1865).
Botys phiTopteralis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. (1884), p. 322 (nee Guenee).
Purplish ochreous-brown. Wings iridescent : forewing with an indistinct pale-
bordered blackish outwardly-oblique undulated antemedial line, an inwardly-oblique
zigzag denticulated discal line, followed by a pale denticulated marginal fascia ; a
punctiform orbicular spot and a reniform mark, and a spot at base of the cell : hind-
wing with a pale-bordered blackish lunule at end of the cell, a zigzag discal denticu-
lated line, and a pale denticulated marginal fascia. Cilia cinereous- white, with a brown
inner line. Palpi above and forelegs dark brown, beneath white ; middle and hind-
legs pale ochreous.
Expanse ^o to tit inch.
ACHARANA PR.ETEBITALIS.
Botys PrcBteritaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1405 (1865).
Cinereous-brown. "Wings brown speckled : forewing with an obsolescent brown
28G THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
antemedial line, aii irregul.ir discal line, and a brown marginal line : hindwingwith a
brown marginal line. Cilia cinereous-wliite, with a brown inner line. Palpi
beneath and legs white, fore tibiae cinereous-brown above.
Expanse 1 inch.
ACHARANA SIMILIS (Plate 180, Fig. 12).
Pale ochreous-brown : forewing with a brown transverse antemedial, and an
irregular postmedial denticulated line, the latter bent outward at the lower radial and
inward at the lower median ; a punctiform spot in middle of the cell, and a lunule at
the end : hindwing with a brown lunular spot at end of the cell, and an irregular
discal denticulated line. Cilia cinereous-white, with a brown inner line. Palpi
beneath white ; legs pale ochreous-brown.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus PLEONECTUSA..
Pleoncctusa, Lederer, Pjral. Wieii. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 426 (1863).
Male. Forewing long, narrow, triangular ; cell very narrow, more than half the
length ; first suljcostal emitted at one-fifth before end of the cell, second very close
to end, trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular concave, radials from near the ends ;
two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fifth ; submedian with a slender
lower recurved branch : hindwing rather long, narrow, triangular, apex produced,
exterior margin shghtly convex hindward ; cell one-third the length ; two subcostals
from the end, upper joined to costal to nearly half its length ; discocellular outwardly
obUque, very concave, radial from lower end; two upper medians from end of cell,
lower at one-third ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body slender, abdomen
very long, extending more than half beyond hindwings, anal tuft long, pointed ; labial
palpi curved, ascending, laxly squamous, third joint short, slender; maxillary palpi
slender, reaching the end of labial ; antenna slender, submoniliform ; legs slender,
smooth, tarsi very long, spurs unequal.
Type^ P. admixtalis.
PLEONECTUSA ADMIXTALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 13).
Botys admixtalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 6G5 (1859).
Botys Panmusalis, Walker, id. xix. p. 998 (1859).
Pleonectusa tahidalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 426 (1863).
Pale cinereous-ochreous. Wings opalescent : forewing with the costal border and
marginal line purplish-brown ; crossed by an inwardly-oblique discal purple-brown
line, which is dilated at the costal end ; a slight brown punctiform spot in middle of
cell, and a more prominent lunule at the end : hindwing with a slender brown discal
line, and a slight spot at end of the cell. Cilia white, with brown inner line. Sides
PYRALIDJE. 287
of thorax, palpi above, and base of fore and middle tibia? purplisb-brown ; base of
palpi and legs whitish.
Expanse t*o inch.
PLEONECTUSA ADHiESALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 14).
Botys adha'diil/'s, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. GG4 (1859), ? .
Bolys Damasalis, Walker, id. ]>. 668, ^J.
Pale purphsh cinereous-brown : forewing crossed by a slender indistinct brown
curved discal line, and a marginal line ; a slight punctiform spot in middle of the
cell and a lunule at tlie eud : hindwing with a slender indistinct brown discal line, a
marginal line, and a lunule at eud of the cell. Cilia whitish, with a brown inner
line. Palpi brown above, white beneath ; legs cinereous-brown.
Expanse tV inch.
Genus ^THOLIX.
yEtholix, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Jlonat. vii. p. 437 (1863).
uEdiodes (part),Gueuee, Delt. et Pyr. p. 191 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 347 (1859).
ForeTviug moderately long, triangular ; costa arched towards the end, exterior
margin convex in the middle ; cell half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-
fourth before end of the cell, second free, third, bifid, fifth from end and curved
upward ; discocellular slightly concave, radials from near the ends ; middle median
from angle at end of cell, lower at one-fourth : hindwing short ; exterior maroiu
very oblique, convex in the middle ; cell broad, one-third the length ; subcostals
from end ; discocellular outwardly obhque, radial from lower eud ; two upper
medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth. Body moderately stout ; labial palpi
ascending, curved, reaching the vertex, laxly squamous, third joint small, conical ;
maxillary palpi short, slender ; antennee of male with very fine short cilia? j legs
rather long, smooth ; fore tibite short, dilated, squamous; spurs moderately stout,
unequal.
Type, M. flaviljasalls.
.ffiTHOLIX FLAVIBASALIS.
^diodes flavihasalis, Gueiiee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 193 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii.
p. 347 (1859).
jEthoUx flavihasalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien Ent. Mouat. vii. p. 437, pi. 17, fig. 6 (1863).
Forewing with a pale yellow basal band, which is ochreous spotted and has a
black border; a broad purphsh cupreous-brown medial and outer band; between
the two latter bands is a black denticulated-bordered undulated semidiaphanous
white band, which is very narrow below the median vein : hindwing with a black-
bordered pale yellow orchreous-spotted basal band, a broad semidiaphanous white
medial baad, and a black wavy-bordered purplish cupreous-brown band. Head,
288 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
thorax, and abdomen pale yellow, with ochreous spots ; abdomen brown speckled,
with slender black segmental bands, and a dark subterminal brown band in the
male ; palpi bi-owu ; legs cinereous-brown, with blackish bands.
Expanse tt; to yo inch.
Genus AGROTERA.
Agrotera, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 2, p. 163 (1802); Ilubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 348 (1825-7);
Giieuee, Delt. et Pyralites, p. 217 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 386;
Lederer, Pyral. Wieu. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 147 (1863).
Forewing rather long, triangular, subfalcate, exterior margin convex in the
middle ; cell two-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end
of cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell ; discocellular concave,
radials fi'om the ends ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fifth :
hindwing short, triangular, exterior margin vexy oblique, slightly convex ; cell one-
third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular bent outward
in the middle, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at
one-fourth. Body slender ; abdomen of male long, extending half beyond hind-
wings, slightly tufted on each side; palpi vertical, squamous, reaching level of eyes,
second and third joints distinctly separated, second joint truncated, third joint also
truncate in front ; antenna submoniliform, minutely pubescent ; legs slender, bare,
rather long, spurs very slender.
Type, A. nemoralis.
AGROTERA EFFERTALIS.
^diodes effertalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 348 (1859), S-
Agrotera effertalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 440.
Base of wings broadly yellowish-white, bordered by a transverse black undulated
line, the outer area glossy purplish-brown, across w^hich is a very indistinct blackish
irregularly-undulated submargiual line : forewing with a few orange-yellow streaks
at the base, above which is a brown costal spot ; a partly black-bordered ochreous
spot at end of the cell. Cilia of forewing alternately purple-brown and white, of
hindwing white at the anal angle. Body yellowish-white ; thorax and base of
abdomen with orange-yellow bands ; tip of abdomen purple-brown ; palpi, fore tibice,
and bands on fore tarsi brown ; middle and hindlegs white.
Expanse nj to iir inch.
Genus LEUCINODES.
Leucinodes, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 221 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 392 (1859);
Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 440 (1863).
Male. Forewing elongated, subfalcate ; exterior margin slightly convex and
undulated ; cell two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted about one-sixth before
end of the cell, second and third contiguous at their base, third bifid, fifth from end
PYRALIDJE. 280
of tlie cell ; discocellular sliglitl}- concave, radialsfrora near tbe ends ; i.addle median
close to end of cell, lo-n^er at one-tbird ; siibmedian straight : hindwing rather
narrow, exterior margin convex in the middle; cell about half the length; subcostals
from the end, npper partly joined to the costal ; discocellular obliquely concave,
ridial from close to lower end ; middle median near the end, lower at nearly half.
Body moderately slender, abdomen keeled above ; labial palpi rather long, obliquely
ascending, pilose beneath, third joint lanceolate, half length of the second ; maxillary
palpi not visible ; antiennse minutely pectinated ; legs slender, smooth, moderately
long, with unequal spurs.
LETJCIN0DE3 ORBONALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 9).
Leucinodes orhonalis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 223 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xvii.
p. 39.3 ; Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Mon. vii. p. 440.
Opalescent-white : forewing with a reddish-ochreous basal band, a medial
irregular-shaped band, and a short apical band ; the basal and medial band bordered
externally by a parallel slight black-speckled line, and the apical band by an inner
thicker black line ; npper part of the middle is more or less obsolescent ; between
the inner bands is a pale ochreous costal patch, and a similar-coloured fascia across
the discal area : hindwing with a slender black-speckled discal irregular-waved line,
a pale ochreous outer fascia, a black spot at end of cell and one above anal angle.
Both wings also with a marginal row of black dots, of which the apical and middle
dot is somewhat the largest. Body speckled with ochreous-brown ; abdomen whitish
at the base ; palpi and legs white ; bands on palpi and forelegs ochreous-brown.
Expanse -h to to inch,
LEUCINODES OPALINA (Plate 179, Fig. 10).
Opalescent -white : forewing with some ochreous-brown speckles at the base.
Both wings with a very slender ochreous-brown undulated outer discal line, the line
slightly bordered externally with pale yellow, and followed by a brown-speckled sub-
marginal sinuous band, the lower end of the band on both wings being very slender,
the marginal border apically and the cilice also pale yellow ; a black spot at end of
each cell, and some slightly yellow streaks on the disc. Bands on palpi, a narrow
collar on thorax, and fore tibiaj ochreous-brown.
Expanse, c? t^, ? tV inch.
Genus REHIMENA.
RehSmena, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx.'civ. p. 1492 (186.5).
Forewing elongate, rather broad, exterior margin oblique, slightly convex ; cell
narrow, fully half the length ; first subcostal at one-sixth before end of the cell, second
and third from angle close to end, third bifid, fifth from end ; discocellular concave,
VOL. m. P p
290 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
radials from near eacla end ; middle median close to end, lower about one-fourtli ;
submedian extending upward along base of median for a short distance and thence
recurvino- to its ordinary position, the curved area enclosing a naked vitriouSy oval
space; with a slender lower branch extending to nearly half its length: hindwing
triano-ular apex convex: cell one-third the length ; subcostals from end ; discocellular
outwardly oblique, concave, radial from extreme lower end ; two upper medians from
extended end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; a submedian and two internal veins.
Body slender ; tegulte with long broad scales ; labial palpi curved upward, reaching
level of vertex, squamous in front, third joint short, elongate, conical, pointed ;
maxillary palpi slender ; legs slender, smooth, fore and middle tibi^ squamous ; spurs
long, slender, unequal. Antennas slender, setaceous.
EEHIMENA PHRYNEALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 5).
Botys Plin/neaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviil. p. 630 (1859).
Eehimcna dichromalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1492 (1865).
Purplish-cinereous : forewing crossed by a broad medial brown-bordered yellow
band, the inner border of which is curved, the outer border sinuous and connected by
an intermediate costal yellow streak to a short preapical yellow band ; cilia alternated
with yellow, and with a yellow inner line : hindwing pale purplish-cinereous ; cilia
cinereous anteriorly, yellowish posterioi'ly. Body purplish-cinereous; sides of thorax,
head, palpi, and streak on forelegs ochreous ; legs white.
Expanse, ^ ? il to 44 inch.
REHIMEKA SUBJUHCTALI3 (Plate 181, Fig. 6).
Botys stihjuiictalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1404 (1865).
Purplish cinereous-brown : forewing with a yellow streak at base of the costa,
a constricted spot from middle of the costa, and a slender costal streak beyond,
followed by a constricted streak before the apex. Cilia edged with white. Legs
whitish; fore and middle tibiee with a brown band.
Expanse 1 inch.
EEHIME]!fA(?) INCISALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 1).
Boiys in(s)c;sa!is. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1410 (1865).
Forewing bluish purple-brown, iridescent ; with a golden-yellow dentate costal
and oblique exterior marginal band : hindwing pale dull golden-yellow, the outer
border tinged with purple-brown. Cilia yellow. Thorax and head bluish purple-
brown ; abdomen dull golden-yelloAV ; palpi, fore, and middle legs above, golden
yellow; body and fore and middle legs beneath, and hiud legs entirely white.
Expanse 1 to If inch.
PYBALIDuE. 291
EEHIMENA(?) PHYCIDALIS.
Botys Phycidalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xviii. p. C75 (1859).
" Male. Cinereous-browu. Wings with a purplish tinge, except towards the
base, and with a rather broad yellow black-bordered middle band ; submarginal line
and marginal points black : forewings with a lai'ge luteous costal subapical patch."
" Expanse 8 lines."
Hob. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
Genus COPTO BASIS.
Coptohasis, Lederer, Tyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 429 (1863).
Male. Forewing somewhat long, rather broad, costa arched towards the end,
apex pointed, exterior margin very slightly oblique and convex ; cell half the length;
first subcostal emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell, second free, third bifid,
fifth from the end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly concave, radials from
near middle and lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at
one-sixth ; submedian waved near the base, with a very slender short recurved lower
branch: hindwing broad, triangular, apex obtuse, exterior margin convex; cell one-
third ihe length ; subcostals from the end, first partly joined to tlie costal; disco-
cellular deeply concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of the
cell, lower at one-fourth. Body moderately slender; abdomen attenuated at the
apes ; tegulee clothed with broad rather long spatnlar scales ; labial palpi nearly
vertical, second joint extending above the vertex, laxly squamous, broad laterally,
truncate at the end, third joint very short, slender; maxillary ^Dalpi erect, slender;
antennge slender, setaceous ; legs moderately long, smooth, spurs long, slender, unequal
in length.
Type, C. opisalis.
COPTOBASIS LUNALIS.
Boti/s lunalis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 3-52 (1854).
Boii/s Thyasalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 734 (1859); id. xix. p. 1O07.
Coptobasis Th//asalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Mouat. vii. p. 429.
Purple-brown, paler and somewhat genesceut-brown on some specimens, iri-
descent : forewing crossed by an indistinct slightly pale-bordered blackish outwardly-
curved antemedial line, and an irregular postmedial line, the latter bent inward below
end of the cell ; a white lunate spot at end of the cell, and a small punctiform spot in the
middle : hindwing with a similar irregular discal line, which is bent inward to a slight
black streak at end of the cell. Cilia of hindwing edged with cinereous-white.
Abdomen with slender white bands on anal segments ; base of palpi, body beneath,
and legs white ; forelegs slightly ochreous above ; fore femora and tibije with
p p 2
292 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
l)lack terminal band; middle and liind tibite longitudinally streaked with black
above.
Expanse, i ItV, ? Ittt iacb.
COPTOBASIS ABDUCTALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 7).
Botys ahduclalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xviii. p. 669 (1859).
Botys luminalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eat. Mouat. vii. pp. 430, 482, pi. 16, fig. 10 (1863).
Purple-brown, iridescent : forewing crossed by a very indistinct pale-bordered
blackish antemedial line, and an irregular postmedial line, the latter ending in a
prominent white tridentate subcostal spot ; a white lunule at end of the cell, and a
small punctiform spot in the middle : hindwing with a very indistinct pale-bordered
black irregular discal line, which is more distinct at the costal end. Cilia of hindwing
edged with white. Base of palpi white ; abdomen beneath and legs brownish-white ;
fore and middle tibii3e with brown bands.
Expanse, <J 1, ? lyV inch.
COPTOBASIS CROTONALIS.
Botys Crotonalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 997 (1859).
Purplish-brown, ii*idescent : forewing crossed by an indistinct l:)lack outwardly-
oblique zigzag antemedial line, and an acutely-serrated postmedial line, the latter ex-
tending- straight from the costa to lower median, whence it is bent inward to below em
of the cell ; an indistinct brown-centred black orbicular and reniform mark : hindwm;
with a less distinct blackish sinuous discal line, and a streak at end of the cell. Bas
of palpi, body beneath, and legs pale brownish-white ; forelegs and tarsi wit
blackish bands ; middle and hind femora with black knees.
Expanse Ititt inch.
COPTOBASIS FRATERNA (Plate 181, Fig. 8, cJ).
Male. Purplish-brown : forewing with an indistinct black obliquely-zigzag
antemedial hne, and an irregular postmedial obtusely-denticulated line, a punctiform
orbicular spot and a reniform mark : hindwing with an indistinct black streak at end
of the cell, and an irregular discal denticulated line. Base of palpi, body beneath,
and legs whitish ; forelegs and tarsi with blackish bands.
Expanse 1|- inch.
Colombo {Mackwood).
Smaller than G. crotonalis. Differs on the forewing in the postmedial line
bulging outward from below the lower radial, and being more obtusely denticulated;
the orbicular and reniform mark is also entirely black. On the hindwing the discal
denticulated line descends straio-ht from the costa to the lower median.
PYRALIDJE. 293
COPTOBA^IS TROPICALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 9).
Botij)! tropicalls, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Ilet B. M. xviii. p. 670 (1859).
Pale ocTireous-brown : foi'ewing crossed by a pale-bordered blackisli outwardl}'-
recurved antemedial line, and an undulated postmedial line, the latter sinuous and
widely bordered with white at its costal end ; a punctiform blackish orbicular spot,
and a blackish-bordered wide white reniform mark : hindwing with a white-bordered
blackish lunule at end of the cell, and an undulated discal line. Cilia edged with
white. Palpi beneath and legs white ; fore tibiae pale ochreous-brown.
Expanse -^^ inch.
Genus HYMENIA.
Hymmia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 360 (1825-7) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 395
(1859).
Zinckenia, Zeller, Lep. Microp. Caffr. Kongl. Vet. Akad. HaaJl. 18.52, p. 55 ; Lederer, Pyral. Wien.
Ent. Mon. vii. p. 436 (1863) ; Meyrick, Tr. Eiit. Soc. 1884, p. 308.
Spoladea, Gueuee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 224 (1854).
Forewing rather narrow, triangular ; cell more than half the length ; first sub-
costal at one-fifth before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth straight from end of cell ;
discocellular shghtly concave, radials from the ends; middle median very close to end
of cell, lower at nearly one-third : hindwing short, rather broad, apex convex, exterior
margin convex in the middle ; cell two-fifths the length ; subcostals from end ;
discocellular obliquely concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end
of cell, lower at one-third. Body moderately slender ; labial palpi ascending, slightly
curved, reaching level of the eyes, second joint laxly squamous, broadest at the
base, third joint small, slender, pointed; maxillary palpi slender; antennae setaceous,
basal joint nodular; legs slender, smooth, spurs long, hind spurs equal.
Ti/pe, H. perspectalis.
HYMENIA RECURVALIS.
Phalwna rectirvalis, Fabriciu.s, Syst. Eut. p. 407 (1775) ; Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 237 (1794).
Zinckenia recurvalis, Zeller, Lep. Micro. Caffr. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. p. 55 (1853); Lederer,
Pyral. Wien. Eut. Mon. vii. p. 437 (1863) ; Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1872, p. 95; Meyrick, Tr.
Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 308.
Sjioladea recurvalis, Guenee, Delt. et. Pyral. p. 225, pi. 8, fig. 5 (1851).
Hymenia recurvalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 396 (1859).
Phalena fascialis, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 398, fig. 0 (1782) ; Stoll, id. v. pi. 36, fig. 13 (1791).
Phala-na angustalis, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. p. 309 (1787).
Hymenia diffascialis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 361 (1825-7).
Ilydrocampa albifascialis, Boisduval, Faun. Ent. Madag. Lep. p. 119, pi. 16, fig. 1 (1834).
? Phalcena nigrella, Linnseus, Syst. Nat. Ed. 13, iii. App. p. 225.
Dark vinaceous-brown ; in some fights oHvescent greyish-brown : forewing with
294 THE LEPinOPTERA OF CEYLON.
a short blackisli-boi-clered white band from the costa before the apes, below and
exterior to which are three small inwardly-curved superposed spots, which approach
a dentate transverse white band extending from upper end of the cell to the posterior
maro-in, this band being continued across the hindwiug to near anal angle. Cilia with
an interrupted brown inner line, alternated with white on forewing, entirely white
on hindwiug. Bands on abdomen white ; collar, front of head, base of palpi, and legs
yellowish; tip of palpi and bands on forelegs blackish.
Expanse tV to -nr iuch.
Genus EURRHYPARODES.
Eurrhy parade s, Suellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1880, p. 215.
Molyhdantha, Meyrick, Trans. Eiit. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 309.
]\Iale. Forewing narrow, elongated, apex obtuse, exterior margin slightly convex
hindward ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth
before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth from the end; discocellular erect, radials from
close to each end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at nearly one-third :
hindwing rather long and narrow ; exterior margin convex in middle, cell one-third
the length ; subcostals from end ; discocellular outwardly oblique ; concave ; radial
and two upper medians from end of cell, lower median at nearly one-third ; apex
rounded. Body slender ; abdomen with a trifid anal tuft ; labial palpi porrect,
broad, coarsely and laxly squamous beneath, second joint truncate, third joint
short, cylindrical, exposed ; maxillary palpi rather large, porrect, extending to end of
second joint of labial, squamous ; antennae slender, minutely ciliated, slightly serrated
towards apex ; legs slender, smooth, spurs unequal in length.
Tiii:ie, E. accessalis.
ETJEEHYPARODES ACCESSALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 6).
Isoptenjx accessalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 405 (1859).
Eurrhyparodes stihialis, Saellen, Tijd. voor Eat. 1880, p. 216; 1883, p. 134, pi. 8, fig. 3, ? .
Male and female. Purplish cinereous-brown : forewing with a pale yellow basal
spot, a curved antemedial band, a large irregular oval spot extending from posterior
margin to end of the cell, beyond which is a small upper discal spot, their interspaces
Ijcing tinged with chalybcous and also speckled Avith a few slight yellow strigee ; some
yellow points also along the costal edge : hindwiug with the subbasal, medial, and discal
area irregularly blotched with pale yellow, these blotches in the female forming three
more or less irregular-shaped confluent patches ; the outer margin also with a few
slight yellow striga;. Cilia yellow, with cinereous spots. Tips of tegultB, and edge of
abdominal segments, palpi beneath, and legs yellow ; forelegs with cinereous-brown
bands.
Expanse ru to tV iuch.
PTEALIDuE. 295
ETIRRHYPARODES ABNEGATALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 7).
Isopicryx tthugatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 404 (1839).
Botys ahnegatalis, Leclerer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 376, pi. 11, fig. 17 (186.3).
Molybdantha bracteolalis, Meyrick, Tran.s. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1SS4, p. 309.
/'Botys bracteolalis, Zeller, Lep. Miorop. CatFr. Kougl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1852, p. 30.
Male and female. Bright yellow : forewing crossed by subbasal, medial, and
outer purplish cinereous-brown bands, which are tinged with chalybeous, and slightly
speckled with minute yellow strigse : hindwing with a cinereous-brown basal spot, an
oval mark at end of the cell, and a broken di.'Scal and marginal yellow-speckled
band. Cilia yellow, with a very slight brown inner line. Thorax and abdomen
with broad brown bands ; palpi tipt with brown j fore and middle legs with brown
bands.
Expanse rSr to tu inch.
Genus NISTRA.
Ni'stra, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 488 (1859).
Male. Forewing rather narrow, apex pointed, exterior margin slightly oblique
and convex ; cell about three-fifths the length, rather broad ; first subcostal emitted
at one-fourth before end of cell, third bifid, fifth from end ; discocellular concave,
radials from near middle and at lower end ; middle median close to end, lower at
one-fourth; submedian straight, with a short lower recurved branch rejoining at one-
third from the base : hindwing narrow, exterior margin very oblique, convex ; cell
two-fifths the length ; subcostals from the end ; discocellular concave, radial from
lower end ; two upper medians from end, lower at one-third ; a submedian and two
internal veins. Body slender, abdomen extending half beyond the hindwings ; labial
palpi ascending, flat, second joint short, broad, truncate, third joint short, triangular
in male, linear in female ; antennas slender, submoniliform ; legs slender, smooth,
spurs unequal.
KISTRA CELATALIS (Plate 1S2, Fig. 10).
Nistra ccelatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 488 (1859).
Straw-yellow. Forewing crossed by a very slender interrupted antemedial
blackish- waved line, and an irregular postmedial line ; the costal border including an
orbicular and reniform spot, and the exterior border blotched with metallic purple-
brown : hindwing with a black spot at end of the cell, one above anal angle, and an
interrupted slender discal line ; exterior border with an apical and anal metallic
purplish-brown patch. Thoi-ax with a broad metallic brown band ; tip of abdomen
also brown ; palpi black above, base white ; legs white, fore tibite with a black
band.
Expanse to to ts inch.
296 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CETLON.
NISTEA(?) MOLUSALIS
Botys MoIusnUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 993 (1859).
Cinereoi;s-oclireous : forewing witli purplish-brown streaks at tlie base of costa,
a transverse antemedial and an irregular discal denticulated line, and marginal
points ; an orbicular spot and a quadrate reniform mark : liindwing with a trans-
verse discal irregular line, marginal points, and a quadrate spot at end of the cell.
'J'horax in front, head, and palpi above purplish-brown.
Expanse -r^ inch.
Genus DIASEMIA.
THasemia, Iliilmer, Verz. bek. Sobmett, p. 348 (1825-7) ; Stephens, Illust. Haust. iv. p. 37 (1831) ;
Guenee,-Delt. et Pyral. p. 233 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 407 (1859) ;
Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eiit. Moa. vii. p. 418 (1863) ; Meyrick, Tr. Eot. Soc. Lond. 1884,
p. 302.
Wings narrow, rather long : forewing slightly acute, exterior margin oblique ;
cell long, extending three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted close to end of
the cell, fifth from the end; discocellular deeply concave, radials from near the
middle and lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower more than one-
fourth : hindwing long, narrow, exterior margin very oblique and recurved ; cell
nearly half the length ; subcostals from end, first partly joined to costal ; discocellular
deeply concave, radial from lower end; two upper medians from end of cell, lower
at one-third. Body slender ; labial palpi long, porrect, rather incumbent, clothed
with coarse short haiiy scales, apex pointed ; maxillary palpi distinct, triangular,
laxly squamous ; antenna3 pubescent ; legs long, tibite squamous, spurs imequal in
length.
Tijpe, D. litteralis.
DIASEMIA RAMBUEIALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 5).
Hijdrommpa Ramhnrialls, Diiponchel, Lep. Fr. viii. pt. 2, p. 313, pi. 233, fig. 6 (1831) ; Catal. M^tb.
Lep. Eur. p. 202 (1844).
Botijs Ramhurialis, Zeller, Lep. Micro. CafFr. Koiigl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1852, p. 30.
Diasemia liamhurialh, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 234 ; Suelleu, Tijd. voor Ent. 1884, p. 38 ; Meyrick,
Tr. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1884, p. 302.
Isopterijx melalnicalls, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 402 (1859).
Diasemia reconditalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1325 (1865).
Diasemia lencophealis, Walker, id. p. 1326 (1865).
Greyish-black. Both wings with a few short transverse ochreous strigte : fore-
Aving with a white spot at end of the cell, a narrow subapical short band from the
costa, below which is a longitudinal oval spot and lower white speckles : hindwing
with a broad white subbasal band, and an irregular medial band which is confluent
with a rcciu'ved discal narrower band. Cilia white, with black macular inner line.
PYBALID^. 297
'Bo(\j with white bands ; palpi white at the base ; legs brownish ; forelegs witb pale
bands.
Expanse -j^y inch.
DIASEMIA IMPULSALIS.
Isopteryx impulsalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 404 (1859).
Pale ochreous-brown : forewing crossed bj an inwardly-oblique short anteraedial,
a broad medial, and a narrow postmedial white band ; the two middle areas below
the cell, and the exterior border of the outer band being densely black speckled ; a
marginal row of black dentate spots ; a lunular white spot at end of the cell : hind-
wing with the basal area white ; crossed by a medial and discal irregular black-
speckled band ; marginal dentated line black. Cilia white. Legs pale brownish-
ochreous.
Expanse to inch.
Genus SPANISTA.
Spantsta, Ledeier, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 445 (1863).'
Male. Forewing long, narrow ; costa arcbed towards the end, apex acute, sub-
falcate, exterior margin slightly oblique and convex hindward ; cell half the length ;
first subcostal emitted immediately before end of the cell, second free, third bifid,
fifth from end ; discocellular almost erect, radials from close to each end ; middle
median close to end of the ceU, lower about one-third ; submedian almost straight :
hind wing rather long, narrow, exterior mai'gin very oblique, wavy; cell short, about
one-fourth the length ; subcostals from the end ; both branches extending one-third
their length along the costal; discocellular extremely oblique and concave, radial
from lower end ; two upper medians from extended end of the cell, lower at one-
third. Body slender, abdomen long, extending two-thirds beyond hindwing, with a
lateral apical tuft; palpi short, ascending, laxly squamous in front, apical joint
short, pointed ; antennee submoniliform, the joints broad at their end ; legs long,
slender, spurs long and slender.
SPANISTA ORNATALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 10, ^).
Asojiia ornatalis, Diiponcbel, Lep. Fr. viii. p. 207, pi. 223, fig. 8 (1831),
Nympluila ornatalis, H. Scbajffer, Eur. Schmett. iv. 10, 6, pi. 8, fig. 52-3.
Stenia ornatalis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 247.
Spanista ornatalis, Ledeier, Pyral. Wien. Eiit, Mod. vii. p. 446 ; Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1872,
p. 96.
Botys saturalis, Treitschke, Eur. Schuiett. Suppl. 2, p. 29.
Catachjsta Ehitalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 448 (1859).
Pyralis cleciusalis. Walker, id. xix. p. 905 (1859).
Ferruginous-brown. Both wings with a medial transverse purplish-white band
which is more or less brown speckled, the speckles thickest on the costa of forewing ;
VOL. in. Q q
298 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
the outer edge of tlie band defined by an irregularly-undulated black denticulated
line ; a row of black spots along the outer margin ; the edges of the band and the
marginal spots bordered with chalybeous-grey ; a similar chalybeous spot at end of
the cell on the forewing ; a black-speckled spot at upper and lower end of the cell
on hindwing. Legs whitish.
Expanse, 6 tuj ? trr inch.
Genus MARUCA.
Maruca, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xYiii. p. 540 (1859).
Siriocauta, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 424 (1863) ; Meyrick, Trans. Eat. Soc. LonJ.
1884, p. 299.
Crochiphora (part), Hiibner.
Forewing long, apex acute, subfalcate ; cell more than half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second and third from angle
close to the end, third bifid, fifth from the end, curved upward and almost coalescing
with third near its base ; discocellular concave, radials from near the ends ; two
upper medians from end of cell, upper curved upward and almost touching
radial near its base, lower median at one-fifth; submedian slightly curved:
hindwing broad, exterior margin convexly angular in the middle ; cell two-fifths the
length; subcostals from end, upper partly joined to costal; discocellular almost
angular in the middle, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell,
lower about one-third, a submedian and internal veins. Body rather slender;
abdomen extending one-third beyond hindwings ; labial palpi porrect, broad, pointed
in front, laxly squamous, third joint concealed ; maxillary palpi rather short ;
antennas slender, submoniliform ; legs smooth, slender, spurs long, unequal.
Type, M. testulalis.
MARUCA TESTULALIS.
Crochiphora testulalis (Hiibner) Geyer, Zutrage Samml. Esot. Schmett. iv. 12, 315, fig. 629-30
(1832).
Stcnia testitlalls, Gnenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 247 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 420.
Siriocauta testulalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 424; Meyriok, Trans, Ent. Soc.
Lond. 1884, p. 299; Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1884, p. 39.
Ilydrocampa aquatilis, Boisdnval, in Guerin-Meneville's Icon. Reg. Anim. Ins. pi. 90, fig. 9 (1844).
Maruca aquatilis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 540 (1859).
Forewing ochreous-browu, clouded with darker brown ; a transverse discal
black-bordered hyaline-white band extending from costal vein to lower median, a
similar white oblique pyriform spot within the cell, and a punctiform spot below its
middle : hindwing hyaline-white, with an irregular black-bordered ochreous-brown
marginal band. Cilia brown anteriorly, white posteriorly, with a slender black inner
PYRALIDyE. 293
line. Body oclireous-brown above ; palpi ocbreous-bro^vn above, white beneath ;
legs whitish, with brown bands.
Expanse y^ to 1 inch.
Genus CATACLYSTA.
Catacli/sta, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 363 (182o-7); Stephens, 111. Hatist. iv. p. 39 (1834);
H. Scbasffer, Scbmett. Eur. iv. p. 7 ; Guenee, Delt. et Pyr. p. 263 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. llet.
B. M. xvii. p. 435 ; Lederer, Pyr. Wieu. Mon. vii. p. 453.
Wings of nearly equal length. Male : forewing long, narrow, apex somewhat
pointed, exterior margin almost erect ; cell two-thirds the length ; first and second
subcostals close to end of cell, second trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular hardly
concave, radials from near the ends ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at
one-fourth ; submedian straight : hindwing long, somewhat triangular, apex rather
pointed, exterior margin short, very oblique ; cell half the length ; subcostals from
end of cell; upper bi-anch extending one-third its length along the costal ; disco-
cellular concave, radial from near lower end ; middle median close to end of cell,
lower at two-fifths. Body slender; labial palpi very slender, squamous, curved,
ascending, third joint filiform, acute, short; maxillary palpi minute; anteuuaj
submoniliform, very minutely pubescent, apical joints dilated at their ends ; legs
long, slender, smooth, spurs long, slender.
Type, C. lemnalis.
CATACLYSTA BLANDIALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 15).
Cataclysta blandiaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 448 (1859).
Ochreous-yellow : forewing with an inwardly-oblique subbasal silvery-white
bordered blackish band, a similar antemedial and an outwardly-oblique postmedial
band, both of the latter being joined on the costa, and the broad inner area densely
covered with white and black scales ; a short oblique silvery-white streak before the
apex, followed by a broken oblique submarginal silvery-grey band : hindwing with a
silvery-white subbasal band, and a broad discal patch, densely covered with white
and black scales ; the outer edge of the patch having a sinuous double line and a
border of four black marginal spots, each of the spots being centred by a metallic
purple-blue dot. Cilia brown, with a pale middle line.
Expanse, ^ Tir> ? -nr inch.
CATACLYSTA ORNATA (Plate 181, Fig. 11).
Male and female. Silky- white: forewing with the base of the costa cinereous-
brown ; a small black dentate costal spot beyond the middle ; an ochreous-yellow
band along middle of posterior margin, an outwardly-oblique short discal band
beyond the cell, and an inwardly-oblique outer discal band ; the two latter bands with
Q q 2
300 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
a slender ciuereous-brown border ; a cinereous-brown streak extending obliquely
below the cell from base of lower median ; a slender black submarginal line, and a
yellow-bordered marginal row of black dots : hindwing with a subbasal, discal, and
a marginal ochreous-yellow band, the two former bands with a linear black border,
and the latter with three white-tipt black spots in the middle. Tip of palpi and
forelegs cinereous -brown.
Expanse 1 inch.
CATACLYSTA CONEIFERA (Plate 179, Fig. 14).
Male. Ochreous-yellow : forewing with an inwardly-oblique white basal band, a
broad anteriorly-curved discal white patch which is very sparsely speckled with black
scales ; followed by an oblique subapical and a broken marginal metallic white wedge-
shaped band, each being slightly bordered with brown scales : hindv.'ing with a white
basal band, and a broad white discal patch, which is sparsely speckled with black
scales and outwardly bordered by four black marginal spots with metallic white
centres. Cilia brown.
Expanse tV inch.
CATACLYSTA ANGULATA (Plate 181, Fig. 12).
Silky-white : forewing crossed by a slight brown inwardly-oblique antemedial
and a postmedial irregular line, the latter bent inward from the middle median to
end of the cell and terminating on middle of posterior margin, the interspace longitu-
dinally streaked with cinereous-ochreous, the streaks being also slightly bordered with
purplish-brown ; beyond is a curved ochreous fascia bordered by a slight brown
denticulated line, followed by a parallel blackish macular submarginal line, the
exterior margin being also ochreous ; each line has a blackish dilated costal end ;
base of the costa ochreous, crossed by a short basal and subbasal blackish streak :
hindwing with a cinereous-ochreous subbasal band and outer border ; the latter with
a marginal row of five equidistant white-bordered black spots. Fore tarsi with a
blackish terminal band.
Expanse r? inch.
Genus TALANGA.
Forewing shorter than in Cataclysta ; cell more than half the length ; first
subcostal emitted about one-fourth before end of the cell, second and third from
angle close to the end, third bifid, fifth from the end : hindwing short, very broad,
triangular ; cell two-fifths the length ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave,
radial and two upper medians from extreme lower end of the cell. Body slender ;
labial palpi obliquely ascending, rather broad, laxly clothed in front, third joint
minute; maxillary palpi squamous at the tip; antennae submonilifonn ; legs smooth,
spurs unequal.
PYJiALID.E. 301
TALANGA SEXPUNCTATA (Platk. 181, Fig. 13).
Oligostigma sexpunctata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. Glfi, [li. 60, fig. 12, ? .
Ghjpltodcs sexpfinctata, Snellen, Tijcl. voor Ent. 188.3, p. 144, pi. 8, fig. 12, $ ,
Glyphodcs hmaspilalis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. (Aug.) 1880, p. 223.
Gatnclysta nympha, Butler, P. Z. S. (Dec.) 1880, p. 683, S.
Forewirig oclireous-yellow ; with the costal border from the base, induding a
triangular patch across end of the cell, two small patches before the apex, and a
slender streak along middle of the submedian vein ochreous-brown, each being
bordered by an opalescent-white baud, the bands from before the apex descending
obliquely to near the posterior margin ; a slender black marginal line : hindwing
opalescent-white, with a short ochreous-yellow streak across middle of the disc, a
patch before and a slender band bordering the apex ; the discal streak bordered with
ochreous-brown ; two jet black metallic spots spangled with golden-green on middle
of the outer margin, the spots externally bordered by similar minute interciliar
si)ots, which vary from three or more in the male to five or six in the female. Body
duller ochreous-yellow ; sides of thorax, head, tip of palpi, and forelegs ochreous-
brown ; tip of abdomen black in male.
Expanse -nr to iij- inch.
This is quite a distinct species from the Australian T. Tolumnialis {Leucochroma
TohimniaUs, Walker, Catal. xvii. 402) referred erroneously to Glyphodes by Mr.
Meyrick in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 298.
Genus PARAPONYX.
Paraponyx, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclmiett. p. 362 (1825-7) ; Stephens, Illust. Ilanst. iv. p. 41 (1834) ;
Guenep, Delt. et Pyr. p. 268 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 452; Lederer,
Pyr. Wien. Ent. Men. vii. p. 452.
Male. Wings of nearly equal length : forewing long, narrow, exterior margin
hardly oblique ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fifth
before end of the cell, second trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular concave,
radials from near the ends ; middle median from close to end of cell, lower at one-
fifth ; submedian straight : hindwing long, apex somewhat pointed, exterior margin
very oblique, convex ; cell half the length; two subcostals from end of cell ; upper
branch extending two-thirds its length along the costal; discocellular outwardly
oblique, concave, radial from lower eud ; middle median close to end of the cell,
lower at one-third. Body slender ; palpi slightly ascending, curved, second joint
laxly squamous, reaching more than half beyond the eyes, third joint short, lanceo-
late ; maxillary palpi distinct, slender, laxly squamous ; antennas stout, submouiliform,
minutely pubescent, the apical joints dilated at their ends ; legs very long, slender,
smooth, spurs slender.
Ttjj)e, P. stratiotalis.
302 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
PARAPONYX LINEALIS.
Parapoiii/.v linealis, Gueuee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 271 (1854).
Oligostigma ohitalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 432 (1859).
Wliite : forewing with an inwardly-oblique antemedial and two discal recurved
black-bordered oclireous bands, and a similar marginal band ; the inner discal band
enclosing a slight black-sijeckled spot at end of the cell : hindwing with three
inner black lines, a discal and a marginal black-speckled bordered ochreous band.
Body with black-speckled ochreous bands.
Expanse, ^ tV, ? tu inch.
PARAPONYX VOTALIS.
Oligostigma votalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 433 (1859).
Cinereous-white : forewing with an inwardly-oblique antemedial, and a recurved
discal blackish-speckled duplex line, a similar sub marginal, and a marginal line;
the inner line joining a slight black-speckled spot at end of the cell : hindwing
with three inner black-speckled lines, a discal black-speckled band, a submarginal
and a marginal line. Cilia interlined with brown. Body with black-speckled bands.
Expanse /« to -^ inch.
PARAPONYX CRISONALIS.
Hydrocampa Crisonalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xix. p. 961 (1859).
Female. Cinereous ; very thickly and minutely speckled with brown : forewing
darkest ; with a very indistinct brown inwardly-curved antemedial and discal line,
and a narrow marginal dentated line ; between the two former lines is a recurved
discal yellowish band, before which is a blackish-speckled spot at end of the cell :
hindwing less numerously brown speckled ; with an indistinct yellowish bordered
medial and discal wavy band, and a slender brown marginal lunular line. Cilia pale
cinereous, with a slender black macular inner line. Palpi and legs pale whitish-
cinereous.
Expanse tr inch.
Genus CYMORIZA.
Cijmoriza, Gueuee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 271 (18.34); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 455
(18.39).
Male. Forewing rather long, almost rectangular at the tips, exterior margin
slightly angular in the middle; a swollen glandular vesicle at end of the costal
vein projecting slightly outward from the margin ; cell narrow, disposed towards
middle of the wing, more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths
before end of the cell, being curved downward and almost joined to end of the cell,
second bifid, fourth and fifth from end of cell ; discocellular slightly concave, one
radial from lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-fourth ;
submedian slightly curved upward : hindwing elongate, quadrate, apex convex,
exterior margin convexly angulated in the middle ; cell nearly two-fifths the length ;
PYRALIDJE. 303
first subcostal emitted before end of the cell, partly joined to tbe costal ; discocellular
very slender, concave, radial from lower end ; npper median from end of cell, lower
at two-fiftlis. Body moderately slender ; labial palpi slender, long, curved, ascending
above the vertex, joints well separated, finely squamous, third joint half length of the
second, acicular ; maxillary palpi short, slender, very distinct ; antenn* filiform ;
legs long, slender, spurs very long, slender, hindlegs with equal anterior and unequal
posterior spurs.
Type, C. irrectalls.
CYMORIZA ACCLARALIS.
Isopteri/x acdaralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 403 (1859).
Pale ochreous-brown : forewing crossed by a blackish-bordered white subbasal
macular band, a broader irregular medial band, a slender discal undulated line which
is dilated at its costal end and indistinct hindward, followed by a marginal lunular
line; a white lunule also at end of the cell: hindwing with the basal area white;
crossed by a subbasal and an undulated discal blackish-bordered white line, and a
marginal lunular line ; a lunular mark at end of the cell. Cilia alternated with
white. Thorax and abdomen with slender white bands ; palpi white, tip brownish ;
fore femora and tibice brownish.
Expanse -^ inch.
CYMOEIZA PORITIALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 11).
Oligostljma Pontialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xix. p. 951 (1859).
White. Forewing crossed by a pale bi'own bordered ochreous-yellow subbasal,
antemedial, medial, discal, submarginal, and a marginal band; the antemedial band
curved upward to the medial and ending at base of the discal ; below the curve is a
shorter band continuous with the base of the submarginal band : hindwing crossed
by a similar brown-bordered irregular medial, discal, and marginal band. Cilia
ochreous-yellow. Thorax, abdomen, and palpi with ochreous bands.
Expanse to inch.
Genus NIACGABA.
Niaccaha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1272 (1865).
" AViugs small, elongate : forewing rectangular at the tips, hind part of exterior
margin forming a nearly right angle with the forepart : hindwing with the exterior
margin slightly undulating. Body moderately stout ; palpi smooth, slender, slightly
curved, obliquely ascending, third joint short; antennas stout, setulose ; legs smooth,
rather stout, spurs long, slender."
NIACCABA SUMPTUALTS.
Niaccaba sumptualts, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1272 (1865).
Reddish-cinereous : forewing with a slight reddish tinge near the base ; crossed
by two or three very indistinct oblique nearly equidistant brownish lines ; marginal
304 THE LEPIBOPTERA OF CEYLON.
jioints brown ; some brown points along the costa : bindwing rosy towards tbe outer
border ; crossed by indistinct wavy reddish lines ; some semihyaline submarginal
spots towards the apex.
Expanse t^i inch.
NIACCABA BISECTALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 12).
Catacli/sta bisectalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 449 (1859).
White. Forewing crossed by an inwardly-oblique blackish medial band, a
slender recurved antemedial brown-speckled line, and a less defined postmedial
denticulated line ; a black dot in middle of the cell, and a reniform mark at the end ;
a subbasal cluster of purplish-red scales, and a darker cluster at the posterior angle ;
a few similar red scales also scattered over the medial and discal area ; a marginal
row of black dots : hiudwing with an interrupted blackish-speckled bordered reddish
medial baud, which encloses a white dentate mark at end of the cell, followed by a
broad purplish-red marginal band, the latter having a cluster of black scales at the
apex and anal angle. Cilia alternated with purplish-red. Body slightly black
speckled.
Expanse xa inch.
NIACCABA DELETA (Plate 179, Fig. 13).
Wliite. Forewing with faint traces of a pale brownish curved antemedial line,
an angular postmedial fascia and marginal band ; a minute black dot at base of the
wing, and a small spot at end of the cell : hiudwing with faint traces of a brownish
medial and a discal line, followed by a broad black- speckled marginal band ; two
black spots at end of the cell. Cilia pale brownish; forelegs brownish.
Expanse -rcr inch.
Genus NYMPHULA. n^^ f \.t^,,i.jJl
Nymplmla, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 2, p. 162 (1802); Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 362
(1825-7); Treitsclike, Schmett. Eur. vi. p. 315 (1829).
Botijs » (part), Latreille, Hist. N.at. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iii. p. 414 (1802) ;.2d xiv. p. 230 (1805).
Hydrocampa, Latieille, Faun. Nat. Eeg. Anim. p. 478 (1825) ; Duponchel, Lep. Fr. viii. p. 172
(1831) ; Stephens, 111. Haust. iv. p. 38 (1834) ; Guenee, Delt. et Pyr. p. 273 ; Walker, Catal.
Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 456; Lederer, Pyr. Wien. Ent. Mon. vii. p. 451 (1863).
Nausinoe (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 363 (1825-7).
Male. Forewing elongated, narrow; apex rounded, exterior margin oblique,
_^_ . . • , ■ o
* Latreille, in his " Hist. Nat.," vol. iii. p. 414 (1802), enumerates erigatus, colonum, purpuraria,
and potamogata as the species pertaining to his genus Botys. In the xiv. vol. of the same work,
p. 230 (1805), he restricts the genus to inwpuraria and ^otomof^ato, and in his " Consid. Gen.," p. 369 (1810),
lie cites the two latter species only. Saraouelle, in his " Ent. Useful Comp.," p. 255 (1819), specifies ••« ^lAn
jjurpuraria as the typical species. This species {purpuraria), consequently, becomes thus fixed as the , rf/ i^a"' »^
type of Latreille's Botys. The genus therefore is removed to the Geometrid«. ^''A\(^ .'■
rYRALIDJE. 30o
convex ; cell more than half the lengtli ; first subcostal emitted near to end of tlio
cell, second fi-om angle close to end, trifid, fifth from end ; discocellular concave, radials
from near each end ; middle median immediately before end of the cell, lower at one-
fifth ; siibmedian much curved from the base: hindwing rather short and narrow;
exterior margin very oblique, convex ; cell half the length ; two subcostals from end,
upper extending half its lengtli along the costal ; discocellular outwardly oblique,
concave, radial from its lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower
at two-fifths. Cilia broad. Body slender ; palpi rather slender, curved, second joint
pilose beneath, extending half beyond the eyes, third joint slender, squamous;
maxillary palpi pilose, extending beyond second joint of labial ; antennre submonili-
form, minutely pubescent in male ; legs long, bare, spurs rather short.
Tijpe, N. stagnata (potamagalis, Hiibn.).
NYMPHULA DEPUNCTALIS.
Ili/Jrocampa depunctalis, Gueuee, Delt. et Pyi'al, p. 247 (1S54); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii.
p. 461.
Zebronia decussulis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 481 (1859).
White. Forewing crossed by a very pale ochreous -yellow antemedial and a
postmedial interrupted band, and a short oblique baud from the costa before the
apex, followed by a subraarginal lunular line, and a slender marginal line ; a blackish-
speckled spot on inner band below the cell, and a similar lunula at end of the cell :
hindwing with an interrupted medial and discal pale ochreous l^and, ma'^giual lunular
line, and slender marginal line. Cilia with an ochreous-yellow macular inner line.
Sides of palpi and fore tiljite above brownish.
Expanse, c? tV, 5 nr inch.
Genus ISOPTERYX,
Isopteri/x, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 227 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 398 (1859);
Lederer, Pyr. Wien. Eat. Monat. vii. p. 449 (1863).
Wings small. Forewing rather long, narrow ; cell half the length ; first subcostal
emitted close to end of cell, second trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular concave,
radials from near upper end and at lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell,
lower at nearly one-third : hindwing with the exterior margin convex in the middle ;
cell one-third the lengtli ; subcostals from the end; discocellular deeply concave,
radial and upper median from the end of cell, lower at one-third. Body moderately
slender, abdomen not long ; labial palpi obliquely ascending, reaching to level of the
eyes, second joint rather broad, truncate, coarsely squamous, third joint short,
pointed, smooth; maxillary palpi small, linear; antennce slender, setaceous; legs
rather long, slender, smooth, hind spurs nearly equal.
Tijpe, I. foedalis.
VOL. III. R r
306
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
ISOPTERYX F(EDALIS.
Isoptenp- fnhUs, Giu'aee, Dclt. et Pyral. p. 22S, pi. 4, fig 7 (1854), ? ; Snellen, TijJ. voor Eat.
1872, p. 96 ; id. 1884, p. 47.
Isopteryx sjnlomelaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 403 (18o9).
White. Forewing crossed by a black antemedial interrupted angulated line, and
a more prominent postmedial irregularly-undulated line, the latter being curved
inward below end of the cell, and is then continued in the same irregularly-undulated
manner across the hindwing ; the outer areas of both wings with a brownish sinuous
blotched band and a marginal row of black dentate spots : forewing also with some
basal black-speckled spots, a costal streak crossing end of the cell, and brownish-
speckled intervening blotches : hindwing also with a black cell spot, and brownish-
speckled discal blotches. Thorax with black spots ; abdomen with brown-speckled
bands ; palpi and forelegs with black bands.
Expanse t\ inch.
ISOPTERYX TRISIGNATA.
Wings ochreous-white, exterior borders pale brownish-ochreous, traversed by a
darker fascia : foreAving with a dark brown-bordered ochreous curved basal mark, a
similar round mark across middle of the cell, and a larger constricted mark at end of
the cell, followed by an irregular transverse discal denticulated brown line, and a
prominent mai'ginal line ; from outer end of the basal mark and from the inner end
of the second mark a pale brown line descends to the posterior margin : hindwing
with two inwardly-oblique slender brown lines ending at the anal angle, and a bi'own
marginal line. Cilia with a slender brown inner line. Body ochreous-white ; an
interrupted blackish band across the thorax, and an entire band across base of
abdomen ; basal segment of abdomen and anal tuft brown, edged with white ; fore
tibige with brown bands.
Expanse xV inch.
Genus MASSEPHA.
Massepha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 488 (1859).
Forewing narrow, rather long; acute and subfalcate at tip, exterior margm
slightly convex and oblique ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted
close to end of the cell, second and fifth from the end, second trifid ; discocellular
waved, radials from near the middle and lower end ; middle median close to end,
lower at two-fifths: hindwing rather long, narrow, triangidar, exterior margin
slightly convex in the middle, and scalloped ; cell one-third the length ; subcostals
from the end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial from lower end ; two
upper medians from end, lower at nearly one-third. Body slender, abdomen tufted
at tip; palpi obliquely ascending, squamous, third joint linear, rather obtuse, not
PYRALIDJE. 307
half length of the second ; antennae filifoi^m ; legs smooth, long, slender ; spurs long,
slender, unequal in length.
MASSEPHA ABSOLUTALIS.
Massepha ahsolutalis, Walkci', Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 489 (1859).
Pale purplish ochreous-white. Both wings with numerous transverse more or less
confluent purplish cinereous-brown strigas, and a marginal row of black dots. Cilia
purplish cinereous-brown at the apex. Thorax and abdomen with brown bands, those
on the latter posteriorly bordered by a slender black line ; legs with black bands.
Expanse x^ inch.
Genus SAMEODES.
Samcodcs, Snellen, Tijil. vooi- Eut. 1880, p. 217 ; id. 1883, p. 134 ; Meyrick, Traus. Ent. Soc. Lond.
1884, p. 300.
Male. Forewing moderately long; apex subfalcate, costa distorted in the
middle, where it is slightly folded beneath and covei'ed with a lappet of coarse scales ;
cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell,
second free, third bifid, fifth cuiwed upward from end of cell ; discocellular slender,
slightly concave, radials from near the ends; middle median from close to end, lower
at one-fourth ; sul)median bent upward near the base : hindwing rather long,
triangular, costa arched in the middle ; cell broad, about two-fifths the length ;
subcostals from the end, upper partly joined to the costal ; discocellular slightly
concave, radial from lower end ; middle median very close to end, lower at one-half ;
submedian and internal veins equi-distant. Body moderately slender, pointed at the
apex ; thorax laxly covered with broad spatular scales ; tegulse long ; labial palpi
porrect, apex decumbent, laterally broad, clothed with lax broad scales beneath,
second joint projecting half beyond the eyes, third joint pointed, smooth ; maxillary
palpi minute ; antennse long, slightly serrated in front at the middle, finely ciliated ;
legs long, smooth, hind tibia3 thickened and tufted in the middle above the anterior
spurs, posterior spurs absent, tarsi very long.
SAMEODES PIPLEISALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 14).
Stenia Piphmilis, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 420 (,1859).
Scuneodes Pipleidalis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 300.
Lepijrodes lepidalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xvii. p. 465 (1859).
Samea sidealis, Walker, id. xix. p. 937 (1859).
Hymenia meridionalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1314 (1865).
Sameodes trithjralis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1880, p. 218 ; id. 1883, p. 134, pi. S, fig. 4.
Samea vespertinalis, Saalmuller, Ber. Senck. Gesell. 1880, p. 301.
Brownish-ochreous : forewing with three small brown-lined semihyaline-white
subbasal spots, a large spot across the middle, and a discal series of spots ; the latter
K r 2
308 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
series traversed by a denticulated brown line : liindwing liyaline-white, witli a broad
macular bordered marginal oclireous-brown band, and a transverse medial irregular
band, before which is a brown spot below the cell. Cilia white, spotted with brown.
Abdomen with white bands ; palpi white beneath ; legs brown above, with white
bands.
Expanse -nr inch.
Genus LEPYRODES.
Lepyrodes, GM(:neQ, Delt. et Pyral. p. 277 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 463
(1859); Leilerer, Pyral. Wien. Knt. Moiiat. vii. p. 445 (1863).
Male. Forewing rather long, apex subfalcate ; cell three-fifths the length ; first
subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell ; second and third contiguous,
third Ijifid, fifth from end ; discocellular very slender, slightly concave, radials from
near the ends ; middle median close to end of the cell, lower at one-sixth ; submedian
nearly straight: hindwing rather narrow, exterior margin convex in the middle,
slio-htly sinuous ; cell one-third the length ; subcostals from end, first branch joined
to costal; discocellular very slender, concave, radial from lower end; two upper
znedians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal veins curved.
Body slender ; abdomen long, attenuated ; labial palpi short, porrect, compressed,
very broad, laxly squamous, third joint minute ; maxillary palpi very slender ;
antennas long, slender, filiform ; legs long, slender, smooth ; hind tibiae very long,
spurs slender, equal.
Tjjpe, L. geometralis.
LEPYRODES GEOMETRALIS.
Lepyrodes geometralis, Giienee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 278, pi. 8, fig. 6 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het.
B. M. xvii. p. 465 (1859); Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1884, p. 45.
Brownish-ochreous : forewing with nine blackish-bordered hyaline- white spots
disposed between the costal and submedian vein, four of which are located above the
median and the others below it : hindwing with six transversely-disposed hyaline-
white spots. Both wings with Ijlackish intervening striga3. Cilias white, with black
linear inner spots. Abdomen, palpi, and legs banded with white.
Expanse to to to inch.
Genus PESSOCOSMA.
Pcsaocosma, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. LonJ. 1884, p. 300.
Closely allied to Sameodes. Venation similar. No costal fold on the forewing.
Antcnnte ciliated with tufts of ciliEe ; labial palpi more robust; hind tibiae slender
throughout, not thickened in the middle, hind pair of sjDurs present.
Ti/pe, P. lolealis {Lepyrodes lolealis, Walker).
PYRALID^. 309
PESSOCOSMA PERITALIS.
Lepyrodcs PeritaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 466 (1859).
Bvowuish-ochreous : forevriiig with three inwardly-oblique vitreous-white inter-
sected bands, similarly disposed to those in Sameodes Pipleisalis, excepting that
the outer band is composed of only two upper inner spots and a recurved series of
small spots : hiudwing hyaline-white, with a broad brownish-ochreous marginal band
traversed by an inner white line, and a medial waved band. Thorax white speckled ;
abdomen with white bands ; palpi white beneath. Cilia white, with brown inner
macular line.
Expanse, $ ru, ? fa inch.
Genus NAUSINOE.
Nausinoe, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 362 (1825-7).
Phalamjiodes* Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 278 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 467;
Snellen, Tij.l. voor Ent. 1880, p. 238 ; id. 1884, p. 45 ; Meyrick, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1884),
p. 294.
Phalangodes, LeJerer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 445 (1863).
Male. Forewing long, triangular; exterior margin very oblique; cell nearly
two-fifths the length ; first subcostal at two-fifths before end of the cell, second close
to end, trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slender, radials
from near the middle and lower end ; median Yerj thick from the base to beyond end
of the cell (appearing as if it was double), recurved, upper branch from end of cell,
two lower branches from the thickened end at a short distance beyond the cell ;
submedian almost straight, with a lower branch curving downward and rejoining it
at one-third from the base : hiudwing short, very broad and triangular ; cell very
short, less than one-fourth the length; subcostals on a footstalk at a short distance
beyond the cell; discocellular very slender, concave, radial from near lower end,
waved at the base ; middle and lower medians from close to end of cell, joined at their
base, curved deeply downward and then upward; between the middle and lower
median is a transparent vitreous iridescent recurved-clavate streak; a straight
submedian and two curved internal veins. Female : veins normal ; vitreous streak not
present. Body very slender, abdomen very long and attenuated; thorax clothed with
lax silky hairy scales ; labial palpi porrect, compressed, broad, pilose beneath, third
joint minute, pointed, decumbent; maxillary palpi minute, pilose; antenna) very long,
slender, filiform; legs extremely long, slender; fore tibise and their tarsi clothed with
long silky hairs, middle tibite incrassated, clothed with silky hairs beneath, hind
tibiiB slightly pilose, spurs long, nearly equal in length.
Tijpe, N. Xeptis.
* Phalangodes used in 1S42 for a genus of Arac'aniJas.
310
THE LEFIDOrrERA OF CEYLON.
NAUSINOE NEPTIS.
rhahvnn Koctna Neptis, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 128, pi. 26, fig. F. (1782).
Nausiniie Neptalis, Iliibner, Verz. bek. Suhnaett. p. 363 (1825-7).
Phalanrjlodes Neptisalis, Gueuee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 279 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii.
p. 467; Snellen, TijJ. voor Eut. 1884, p. 46 ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 295.
Phnlanfjodcs Neptis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 445 (1863).
Brownish oclireous-yellow : forewing with two black-boi'dered white subbasal
bands, a small spot in middle of cell, a large irregular-shaped spot from end of cell,
and four irregular outer spots : hindwing with the basal half white, enclosing a
black-bordered ochreous spot at end of cell ; outer half brownish ochreous-yellow,
with two elongated black-bordered white spots. Ciha white, with a slender blackish
inner line. Tegulos white bordered ; abdomen with white dorsal bands, which are
slightly bordered with black speckles ; legs white ; fore and middle tibise cinereous-
brown.
Expanse ItV to Ircr inch.
Genus POLYTHLIPTA.
Poli/thlijita, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 389 (1863).
Male. Forewing long, triangular, exterior margin very oblique ; cell half the
length, narrow ; first subcostal at one-third before end of the cell, second from angle
close to end, trifid, fifth from the end, running very close to second near the base ;
discocellular slightly concave, radials from the ends ; two upper medians from end of
cell, lower at nearly one-fourth ; submedian bent upward near the base, with a short
lower branch from its base, which rejoins it at one-third its length : hindwing broad,
triangular ; cell about one-third the length ; two subcostals from a short footstalk
beyond the cell, upper partly joined to the costal; discocellular concave, radial from
lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower close to the end ; a submedian
and two internal veins. Body slender, abdomen long, extending much beyond
hindwings, apex tufted ; labial palpi porrect, broad, compressed, laxly pilose beneath,
third joint half length of second, cyhndrical ; maxillary palpi short ; antenna slender,
filiform: le<?s Iouq-, slender, fore tibijB and basal tarsi thickly clothed with long
laterally-spreading hairs ; spurs slender, unequal in length.
Tv/|)r;, P. macralis.
POLYTHLIPTA MACRALIS.
Pohphlijila macraUs, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. pp. 389, 477, pi. 12, f. 14 (1863), ,?.
Ochreous-white. Wings semi-diaphanous, opalescent : forewing with an
indistinct pale cupreous-brown inwardly-oblique zigzag antemedial and a postmedial
band, and a similar marginal band : hindwing with a similar indistinct discal and
marginal band. Abdomen with brownish bands ; palpi brown above.
Expanse ^ 1 ru inch.
PYRALIDyE. 311
POLYTHLIPTA DIVARICATA (Plate 179, Fu;. 16?, 16a larva).
Olivaceous yellowish-wliite. Wings semi-diaplianous, opalescent : forewing
witli the costal border ocbi^eous-yellow ; an ochrcous-j^ellow blackish-speckled basal
patch, an irregular striped antemedial band, which extends outwardly along the
median, up end of the cell, and along the upper median to the middle of a transverse
discal angular band ; the latter band partly confluent with a densely black-speckled
apical band, from which a submarginal line extends to the posterior angle : hiudwing
with a shght black broken streak at end of the cell, a slender interrupted irregular
discal line, an apical patch, and a smaller patch on middle of the exterior margin.
Thorax and base of abdomen white, speckled with brown ; abdomen above, head,
palpi, and legs white, fore and middle tibias with brownish-ochreous band.
Expanse, $ 1|, ? If inch.
Larva slender ; olive-green ; anterior segments ochreous ; with a lateral medial
darker green band. Pupa green ; with a short anal point and pedal sheath.
" Feeds on Phaseolus " (Thwaitcs).
Genus HARITALA.
Notarcha* Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 188-t, p. 310.
Male. Fore wing shorter and broader than in Pijcnarinon; cell extending to half
the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second free,
third biiid, fifth from end ; discocellular concave, i-adials from near middle and lower
end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian straight,
with a short curved slender lower vein from its base : hindwing less triangular than
in Pi/cnarmoii, apex and exterior margin convex ; cell less than one-third the lengtli ;
two subcostals from a short distance beyond the cell, upper partly joined to costal ;
discocellular very concave, radial from close to lower end ; two upper medians from
end of cell, lower at one-third; submedian and two internal veins straight. Thorax
rather stout ; abdomen slender and elongated in male, anal tuft slender ; labial palpi
obliquely ascending, rather broad laterall}^ laxly squamous, tip minute, pointed ;
maxillary palpi short, slender ; autenuEB with fine short cilias ; fore and middle tibial
squamous ; spurs slender, inner spurs long.
I'ime. H. Cassusalis.
HARITALA CASSUSALIS.
Zehronia Cassusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 477 (18.59).
Zehronia aurolinealis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 478 (1859) — '^onhj.
Zehronia amcenalis, Walker, !</. xxxiv. p. 1352(1865).
Botys signatalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 144-1 (1865).
Botsfaustalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Mouat. vii. pp. 375, 471, pi. 10, fig. 15 (1863).
Notardia cassalis, Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Sue. Loud. 1884, p. 311.
Glossy white : forewing crossed by 6ve inwardly-oblique dark ochreous- yellow
* Xotarchus previously used for a genus of iloUusca.
312 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF' CEYLON.
bciuds ; tlic tliree iuuci* bands straight, tlie fourth curved outward beyond the cell
and iuchides a streak at end of the cell, the fifth band submarginal and curved before
the apex ; three black dots on the costa and a dentate spot at end of the cell :
hindwing crossed by three similar yellow bands, the middle band being discal and
curved outward beyond the cell. Cilia with a pale yellow inner line. Thorax and
abdomen with yellow bands ; forelegs with black bands ; middle femora tipt with
black.
Expanse g to f inch.
HARITALA TIGRINA (Plate 182, Fig. 5).
Pale glossy straw-yellow : forewing crossed by five narrow ochreous-yellow
bands, the outer band being the broadest and difi"used along the margin; a single
slender brown marginal line; a black costal spot at end of the first, third, and fifth
bands, and an oval spot at end of the cell : hindwing crossed by four yellow bands,
which unite at the anal angle, the outer band being broadest and diffused ; a single
slender brown marginal line. Cilia cinereous-white, traversed by a very pale brown
line. Thorax and abdomen with ochreous-yellow bands ; a black band on penulti-
mate segment ; forelegs with black bands.
Expanse nj to 1 inch.
Smaller than H. jjlutusalls, with uarrow^er bands, and only one brown marginal
line.
Genus ARIPANA.
ConchyJodes, Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 309 (jiec Gueuee).
Male. Forewing comparatively broader than in typical Pycnarmon; exterior
margin less oblique : hindwing somewhat narrower. Venation similar. Body
slender, abdomen elongated, anal tuft slender; palpi smaller, apex slender and more
acute ; antennas slender, setaceous ; legs long, smooth, spurs slender, unequal in
length.
Tyiie, A. Caberalis.
ARIPANA CABERALIS.
Spilomela caberalis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 284 (18o4).
Zehronia cahiralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 482 (1859).
Conchi/lodes caberalis, LeJerei-, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 443 (1863).
Zehronia ahdicalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 480 (1859).
Cvncht/lodes aldicalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 443, pi. 17, fig. 12 (1863).
Glossy yellowish-white. Forewing crossed by an antemedial and a postmedial
incomplete indistinct ochreous-brown line, the latter curved inward below the cell;
three black basal costal spots and two curved marks before the apex, the intervenino'
costal spaces with short black streaks ; a black lunate mark at end of the cell, a small
PYRALIDJE. 313
subbasal spot, a spot at lower end of each line, one above posterior angle, and
another at the apex ; the exterior margin being also slightly bordered with ochreoiis-
brown : hindwing with a transverse ochreous-brown waved line, a black spot at end
of the cell, one at the apex, one on middle of exterior margin, and another above anal
angle. Thorax with three black spots, two at base of abdomen, and a black band
with ochreous border on penultimate segment, the tip also lined with ochreous ; fore
tibiae with black bands.
Expanse Tji to lu- inch.
ARIPANA MERITALIS.
Zclronia meritalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 479 (1859).
Conchjjlodes meritahs, Meyriuk, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 310.
Conchylodes haptalis, Suellen, Tijd. voor Eut. 1880, p. 238 ; 1884, p. 44, pi. 4, fig. 7.
Glossy white. Forewing with two transverse incomplete indistinct yellow lines,
the first line antemedial, the other discal and recurved ; a black basal and a subbasal
costal spot, a dot at base of the cell, a dentate spot at end of the cell, another above
the posterior angle, and a dot at base of the posterior margin ; the exterior margin
from the apex also black bordered ; on the costa before the apex are two black curved
marks : hindwing with a recurved discal yellow line, a black spot at end of the cell,
one at the apex, one before the anal angle, and another above the angle. Abdomen
with two black basal spots ; forelegs with blackish bands.
Expanse tjj inch.
ARIPANA LACTIFERALIS.
Zebronia lactiferalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 480 (1859).
Glossy white. Forewing with two transverse incomplete yellow lines : two
small black spots at base of the costa, two oval marks before the apex, a spot in
middle of the cell, a larger spot at its end, a spot above the posterior angle, and a
minute dot at the base : hindwing with a black spot at end of the cell, one above
anal angle, and another on middle of the exterior margin. Thorax with a black spot
in the middle, two at base of the abdomen, and a band on penultimate segment.
Fore tibifB with black bands.
Expanse t^o inch.
Genus PAGYDA.
Parjyda, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 487 (1859).
Male. Forewing rather short, broad, triangular ; cell half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth from end ;
discocellular concave, radials from close to each end ; two upper medians from end of
cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian with a short lower recurved branch from the
base : hindwing short, broad, somewhat quadrate, anal angle truncate ; cell one-third
the length ; subcostals from end ; discocellular outwardly concave, radial from lower
VOL. III. ' s s
314 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
eud ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at nearly one-third ; a submedian
and two internal veins. Body slender, abdomen attenuated ; forehead ridged at the
sides ; labial palpi porrect, very broad, compressed, rounded and fringed in front,
third joint rather long, acicular, decumbent ; maxillary palpi distinct, ascending, apex
triangular ; antennae slender, veiy minutely serrated ; legs long, smooth, slender,
spurs unequal.
PAGYDA SALVALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 6).
Paijijda salmlis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 487 (1859).
Cinereous-yellow, glossy : forewing crossed by two reddish-ochreous outwardly-
oblique basal, an antemcdial and a medial band, an inwardly-oblique short upper
postmedial band, and a recurved submarginal band ; the third, fourth, and fifth
bands each ending in a black costal spot : hindwing with a similar coloured medial
and submarginal band. Thorax and abdomen with reddish-ochreous bands ; frontal
tuft white, ridged at the sides ; palpi reddish-ochreous with two cinereous-brown
outwardly-curved bands, basal joint white ; forelegs reddish-ochreous, with white
bands ; middle and hind legs whitish, with slight blackish tarsal bands. Cilia with
an oohreous inner line.
Expanse tV inch.
Genus CANGETTA.
Wings small. Forewing broad, apex acute, exterior margin slightly oblique and
convex ; cell half the length ; first subcostal not visible, second quadrifid, the third
and fourth thrown off near the apex, the fifth from below second at half-way between
its base and the third ; discocellular slender, slightly concave, upper i^adial from close
to upper end, lower radial and two upper medians on a footstalk beyond end of the
cell (the lower radial being emitted from upper median at more than half its length) j
lower median at one-fifth before end of the cell; submedian recurved, with a slender
lower recurved branch : hindwing rather long, exterior mai'gin and anal angle very
convex ; cell about one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of cell, upper
joined to costal to half its length ; discocellular slender, slightly concave ; two upper
medians from end of the cell, the radial being emitted from the upper median at
more than half its length ; lower median close to end of cell ; submedian and internal
vein straight. Body slender, tuft pointed ; labial palpi curved, rather narrow, second
joint laxly squamous, third joint about half length of second, slender, pointed ;
maxillary palpi squamous, reaching almost to end of labial ; antennaj submoniliform,
slightly serrate at the tip : legs slender, smooth, spurs long, unequal.
CANGETTA RECTILINEA (Plate 182, Fig. 8).
Cinereous-white : forewing with the base of costa minutely brown scaled ;
PTRALID^. 315
crossed by a slender brown antemedial line, an inwardly-oblique straight postmedial
line, and a marginal dentated line ; the area bordering the postmedial line slightly
clouded with cinereous-brown scales ; a slight spot at end of cell : hindwing with a
slight brown spot at end of the cell ; a brown discal line, which is slightly bent
inwartl before its lower end, followed by a marginal line ; the discal and submarginal
area slightly clouded with minute cinereous-brown scales. Front of head, tip and base
of palpi, and legs white ; fore tibiiB pale brown ; abdomen speckled with brown scales.
Expanse xV inch.
Genus SYNCLERA.
Synclem, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Moiiat, vii. p. 444 (1863).
Notarcha, Sect. B., Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Loud. 1884, p. 312.
Forewing elongated, somewhat triangular; exterior margin obHque, slightly
convex ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before
end of the cell, third bifid, fifth curved upward from the end ; discocellular concave,
i\^dials from near the ends ; middle median from angle close to end, lower at one-
fourth ; suljmedian nearly straight, with a lower slender recurved vein extending to
lialf its length : hindwing short, broad, triangular ; exterior margin slightly convex ;
subcostals from the end, upper partly joined to the costal ; cell one-third the length ;
discocellular concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end, lower at
one-third ; submedian and two internal veins widely separated. Body slender ; abdo-
men extending nearly half its length beyond hindwiugs ; anal tuft narrow ; labial
palpi broad, obliquely ascending, clothed with fine lax hairy scales, tip minute,
obtuse ; maxillary palpi short ; antenna3 setaceous ; legs long, slender, spurs unequal.
Type, S. ti-aducalis.
SYNCLERA MULTILINEALIS.
Botijs multiUnealis, Gnenee, Belt, et Pjral. p. 337, pi. 8, Hg. 11 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het.
B.M. xviii. p. 661 ; Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. So, pi. 11, fig. 3 (1863).
Notarcha mullilinealis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1884, p. 312.
Zebronia salomealis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 476 (1859) ; id. .xxxiv. p. 1348.
Boti/s annuligeralis, Walker, id. xxsiv. p. 1424 (18G5).
Very pale olivaceous-yellow, opalescent in some lights : forewing with some
olive-brown basal spots and streaks, a transverse curved antemedial line, an irregular
postmedial denticulated line, and a submarginal denticulated line ; an oval orbicular
and reniform mark, and a mark below the cell : hindwing with two irregular discal,
and a submarginal denticulated line, a mark at end of the cell, below which is a short
streak, a marginal Una and an interciliary line olive-brown. Thorax with olive-
brown spots, abdomen with paler bands, and a penultimate black spot ; palpi and
legs whitish; palpi and forelegs with brown bands.
Expanse tu- to IjV inch.
s s 2
3UJ THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
;SYNCLERA TRADUCALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 9, 5 ).
Etidioptis traducalis, Zeller, Lep. Micro. Caffr. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1852, p. 5i.
Syndera tradncaUs, Lederer, Pjral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 445 (1863).
Sjnlomehi retinaJis, Lederer, Wien. Ent. Monat. i. p. 100 (1857).
Glyphodes univocaJis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 499 (1859).
Pale olivaceous oclireous-yellow, semidiaphanous, opalescent in some lights :
foi-LMving crossed by an ochreous-brown basal, a decussated subbasal, three outwardly-
obli(|ue medial, two postmedial, and a discal line, followed by a marginal band
containing a scries of white streaks ; the lines partly confluent both anterioi-ly and
posteriorly: hindwiug with an ochreous-brown 7nedial line ending in an oval mark
at end of the cell, a discal line, and a marginal band containing a series of white
streaks. Cilia ochreous-brown. Thorax and abdomen with ochreous-brown bauds ;
forelegs and hind tarsi with brown bands.
Expanse, i ^%, 9 ttj to ItV inch.
SYNCLERA CffiSALIS (Plate 183, Fig. 7, ? ).
Gh/phodes Casalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 499 (1859).
Pale dull ochreous-yellow : forewing crossed by a blackish-bordered ochreous
subbasal, antemedial, medial, and a discal band ; the three outer bands dilated at
their costal end, and each band joined together posteriorly ; bordering the outer
band is an exterior curved catenulated row of spots ; a black dot in middle of the
cell, some streaks below the apex, and a slender marginal line : hindwing with a
blackish slender streak from end of the cell, a black-bordered ochreous medial band,
a slender discal line and a marginal line ; the middle band and discal line confluent
at the anal angle ; some streaks below the apex. Thorax with blackish-bordered
ochreous streaks, and two longitudinal dorsal lines which also extend jjartly down
the abdomen ; anal tuft blackish ; palpi and legs with blackish bands.
Expanse ra to lyV inch.
SYNCLERA BRAUREALIS.
Zehronia Braurealis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xix. p. 971 (1859).
Cinereous-white, semihyaline, opalescent : forewing crossed by a cinereous-
brown basal line, three duplex inner lines, a duplex medial line, a short outwardly-
oblique upper discal duplex line, a submarginal line, and a single marginal line ; the
medial line enclosing an irregular-shaped streak : hindwing with a medial band con-
taining a white space at end of the cell, an irregular submarginal, and a macular
marginal band. Cilia with a brown inner line. Thorax with cinereous-brown
streaks ; a black band on anal segment ; palpi and legs with brown bands.
Expanse fV inch.
PYRALIBjE. 317
Genus CHABULA.
Male. Forewing elongated, triangular ; cell half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at one-fifth before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular
very concave, radials from close to each end ; two upper medians from end of cell,
lower at nearly one-third : hindwing triangular, exterior margin very oblique,
slightly convex in the middle ; cell two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from the
end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial from lower end ; two upper
medians from end of cell, lower at one-third. Body slender; thorax coarsely
squamous, tegulje clothed with long lax spatular scales ; labial palpi rather short,
laterally broad, oblique, not reaching the vertex, pilose in front, second joint
truncated, third joint minute, conical ; maxillary palpi distinct, oblique, reaching end
of the labial ; antennte ciliated ; legs rather slender, smooth, outer spurs short.
Tijj)e, C. Acamasalis.
CHABULA ACAMASALIS.
Zehronia Acamasalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 970 (1859).
Zebronia perspicualis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1347 (1865).
Botys Jlexissimilis, Walker, id. p. 1426 (1865).
Ileterocneplus stranrjulalis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1880, p. 224 ; iil. 1884, p. 35, pi. 3. f. 1.
White : forewing crossed by a broad violaceous-brown subbasal, medial, and
an apical outwardly-oblique band, the antemedial and postmedial white area also
traversed by a narrow brown parallel line ; the brown bands with indistinct whitish
posterior marks, the mark on the middle band being curved : hindwing with a broad
interrupted marginal brown band, an irregular discal band, two convergent narrow
inner bauds, and a streak at end of the cell. Cilia alternate white and brown, with
brown inner line. Head, thorax, and abdomen with longitudinal brown bands ;
palpi and forelegs with transverse brown bands.
Expanse -h to tu inch.
Genus OMPHISA.
Forewing subfalcate ; apex acute ; exterior margin .slightly denticulated, and
almost angular in the middle; cell long, extending three-fifths the length; first
subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth from the end ;
discocellular outwardly oblique, radials from near the ends ; middle median very
close to the end, ^ower at one-fourth; submedian with a slender recurved lower
branch extending to half its length : hindwing somewhat quadrate, rather narrow ;
apex convex, exterior margin slightly denticulated, convexly angular in the middle ;
cell nearly half the length ; subcostals from the end, upper partly joined to the
costal; discocellular concave, radial from lower end; two upper medians from
318 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
extcuded end of cell, lower about one-fourth ; a submedian and two internal veins.
Body moderately stout, abdomen extending beyond hindwings, with lateral apical
tufts in male : labial palpi porrect, moderately broad, squamous, extending half
beyond the head, third joint short; maxillary palpi very distinct, rather long;
antennae stout, broadly ciliated in male ; legs rather stout, tibite squamous, spurs
unequal.
OMPHISA ILLISALIS (Plate 183, Fig. 4).
Bobjs illisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 653 (1859); Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent.
Monat. vii. p. 371, pi. 9, fig. 12.
Male. Dingy ochreous-white : forewiug with the basal area brownish-ochreous ;
crossed by a brown antemedial curved line, and an irregular discal brown-bordered
augulated macular band, the upper portions of which are semihyaline ; a quadrate
brown-bordered hyaline spot in middle of the cell, another at its end, and three
lower discal confluent spots : hind wing mostly semihyaline ; with a short basal
brownish-ochreous band ; a quadrate l)rown-bordered ochreous patch at end of the
cell, from which a brown-speckled line extends to middle of abdominal margin ;
beyond is a brown-bordered ill-defined macular band, which is anteriorly and
posteriorly confluent with a brownish-ochreous marginal Hue. Cilia alternated with
brownish-ochreous. Body brownish-ochreous ; abdomen brown speckled, with
whitish basal dorsal spots ; anal tufts brown ; legs speckled with brown.
Expanse, $ lyo, ? IfV inch.
Genus ANALTES.
Analtes, LeJerer, Pyral. Wion. Eut. Jloaat. vii. p. 407 (1863).
Male : forewiug elongate, triangular ; cell more than half the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell, second close to end, trifid,
fifth from end ; discocellular concave, radials from close to the end ; middle
median close to end, lower at nearly one-fifth ; submedian curved upward, with a
slender recurved lower branch : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex ;
cell one-third the length ; subcostals from end ; discocellular concave, i\adial from
lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; a submedian
and two internal veins. Thorax stout ; abdomen long, attenuated at the tip ;
labial palpi erect, slender, squamous, second joint reaching to the vertex, third joint
short ; antennjB thickexied at the base of shaft, ciliated, basal joint with a short tuft
in front ; legs rather stout, long, fore and middle tibioj pilose above, spurs long,
unequal.
Type, A. semitritalis.
PYRALID^. 319
ANALTES IDYALIS (Plate 183, Fig. 5).
Botijs Idyalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 996 (1859).
Purplisli cinereous-browu, glossy : forewing crossed by a brown antemedial
curved line, and an irregular postmedial line, which is bent inward to lower end of
the cell and thence descends to posterior margin near end of inner line ; the inter-
mediate area from the costa to the median vein pale yellow and opalescent, the
traversing veins being ochreous ; a brown punctiform spot in middle of cell and an
oblique streak at the end ; bordering the discal line is a submarginal straight row
of yellow oval spots, the four lower of which are very small : hindwing pale yellow
at the base. Cilia cinereous-brown. Body purplish-cinereous ; sides and front of
thorax, head, base of palpi, and legs yellowish ; a band on fore tibise, and streak
along middle tibiee dark brown ; palpi above brown.
Expanse •? i^r to 1 inch.
ANALTES DISJUNCTALIS.
Bcti/s disjunctalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1408 (1865).
Pale yellow, opalescent : forewing with a brown streak along the costa, which
is darkest at the base ; crossed by a dark brown antemedial recurved line, and an
irregular postmedial line, the latter bent inward to below the cell ; a brown spot in
the cell and a streak at the end ; outer border ochreous-brown, encompassing a row
of yellow spots bordering the discal line ; veins streaked with ochreous : hindwing
with a brown streak from below end of the cell, a short discal denticulated line, and
a brown marginal border. Cdia cinereous-brown. Body, palpi, and legs above
yellowish, slightly streaked with ochreous; fore tibia3 with a blackish band.
Expause 2 tV inch.
Note. — This may probably be the female of A. Idyalis.
Genus NOSOPHORA.
Nogoplwra, Lederer, Pyral. Wieu. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 407 (1863).
Male : forewing elongated ; cell half the length ; first subcostal at one-fifth
before end of the cell ; second and third hardly separable at the base, third bifid,
fifth from end ; discocellular concave, radials from near the ends ; middle median
close to end, lower at one-fifth ; submedian with a slender lower recurved branch :
hindwing short, triangular ; cell one-third the length ; subcostals from beyond the
cell, upper partly joined to costal ; discocellular bent, short, radial from near lower
end ; middle median from angle in a line with discocellular below the upper, lower
median at one-third ; a submedian and two internal veins ; on the underside, extend-
ing from near the base of cell to middle of the disc, is a broad adpressed fringe of
320 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
long hairy scales. Thorax rather stout, tegulas fringed with very long silky hairs ;
abdomen keeled above, attenuated, apex pointed; labial palpi curved upward, reach-
ino- above the vertex, squamous at the sides, apex pointed, second j'oint with a dense
plumose tuft of long curly hairs curved upward in front; maxillary palpi short;
antennse setaceous, finely ciliated ; legs long, fore and middle femora finely fringed
beneath, tibiae clothed with short fine hairy scales ; hind tibiae with a dense tuft
above at the end and with a tufted appendage projecting from base of posterior
spurs, basal tarsi densely pilose, spurs slender, unequal. Palpi in female slender,
not tufted, hiudlegs not tufted.
Ty])c, N. Chironalis {Botijs GhirunaUs, Walker).
NOSOPHORA aUADRISIGNATA (Plate 183, Fig. 6).
Male. Ochreous-brown : forewing with a large blackish-bordered hyaline-
white upper discal transverse spot, which is excavated on its outside near upper end,
a small almost white spot before end of the cell : hindwiug with a large blackish-
bordered hyaline-white broadly ovate discal spot. Body and legs paler ; a dense
tuft of cinereous-black hairs curved upward from fi-ont of palpi, and a tuft of long
black-tipt hairs extending from sides of thorax on the underside ; hiudlegs not
tufted.
Female. Brownish-ochreous, the exterior borders clouded with brown : fore-
wing crossed by two very indistinct blackish outwardly-oblique medial lines ; discal
white spots, and hindwing as in male.
Expanse^ ? 1 to liV inch.
Genus GLYPHODES.
Gbjphodcs, Gueuee, Delt. ct Pyral. p. 292 ( 18o4) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 496 (1859) ;
Lederer, PyraL Wiun. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 401 (1863) ; Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Loud. 1884,
p. 297.
Male. Forewing elongate, triangular ; cell fully half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at one-third before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth from the end; disco-
cellular slightly concave in the middle, bent near each end, radials from the angles ;
middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-fifth ; submedian bent upward near
the base, with a short lower recurved branch which rejoins it at two-fifths its length :
hindwing broad, triangular, anal angle convex ; cell broad, one-third the length ;
subcostals on a short footstalk beyond the cell ; discocellular outwardly concave,
radial from close to lower end ; two ujiper medians from end of cell, lower at one-
fourth ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body rather stout, abdomen extending
beyond hindwings ; tegulas edged with long broad spatular scales ; labial palpi
porrect, rather decumbent, second joint very broad, rounded, compressed, compactly
PYRALIDJE. 321
squamous-liirsute, tliirtl joint very short, decumbent, almost concealed ; maxillaiy
palpi oblique, slender, laxly squamous, truncate at the tip ; antennae slender, very
minutely ciliated ; legs smooth, rather slender, long, spurs unequal.
Type, G. >S'tolalis.
GLYPHODES BICOLOR.
BoUjs hicolor, Swainson, Zool. Ilhist. 1st ser. II. pi. 77. flg. 2 (1821).
Eudioptig perspicillalis, ZuUer, Lep. Micro. Caffr. Kougl. Vet. Akiul. ILiuJl. (1852), p. 53.
Glyphodes pei-spicillalis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1884), p. 299.
Gli/phodes diumalis, Guenee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 29-t, pi. 5. f. 5 (18.54) ; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M.
xvii. p. 498 ; LeJcrer, Pyral. Wieu. Ent. Mouat. vii. p. 402.
Gli/phodes parvalid, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx.xiv. p. 1355 (1865).
Forewing cuprescent fuliginous-brown ; crossed by a black-bordered hyaline
opalescent-white medial band, which is joined to a white streak along base of the
posterior margin, followed by a moderate-sized oval discal spot and a contiguous
dentate costal spot; ciha partly white : hindwing hyaline opalescent-white, with a
black-bordered broad brown marginal band; cilia white. Middle of thorax and
abdomen above brown, tip black, tegular, fringe of palpi, body beneath, and legs,
white ; fore and middle femora and tibise brown ; base of palpi brown.
Expanse to inch.
GLYPHODES PYLOALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 3).
Gh/phodes Pyloalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 973 (1859).
Forewing ochreous-brown ; with a short broad antemedial and a postmedial
blackish-bordered hyaline opalescent-white band, followed by a discal recurved
slender similar line, which is outwardly dentated near its costal end ; between the
two bands is a lower medial round black spot ringed with white ; the base and
middle of posterior margin also white ; cilia edged with white : hindwing hyaline
opalescent-white, with a broad brown marginal band with a slender black inner
bordered line ; cilia edged with white. Palpi, middle of thorax, and abdomen above
brown, tuft black ; tegulas, base of palpi, body beneath, and legs, white ; forelegs
brownish above.
Expanse to inch.
GLYPHODES STOLALIS.
Ghjphodes Stolalis, Gueuee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 293, pi. 3, fig. 11 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B.M.
xvii. p. 497 ; Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 401 ; Snelleu, Tijd. voor Ent. 1883,
p. 143.
Wings hyaline- white, opalescent : forewing crossed by two subbasal and a post-
medial outwardly-oblique black-bordered cuprescent ochreous-brown band, a similar
discal, and a broader marginal band, each centred with a parallel brown streak, the
VOL. III. "^ ^
322 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
middle band posteriorly joined to the discal and enclosing a liyaline white reniform
mark ; the two outer bands also partly confluent : hindwing with a black-bordered
cuprescent ochreous-brown streak at end of the cell, a slender discal band, and
n. confluent broad marginal band, the latter brown-streaked. Cilia white, partly inter-
lined with brown. Body white, with ochreous-brown longitudinal bands; anal tuft
black; palpi with ochreous and brown bands, base white ; femora and tibite white,
with brown bands, tarsi brownish at the lips.
Expanse \-^ inch.
GLYPHODES ACTORIONALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 1, S)-
Glypliodcs Actorionalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 498 (1859).
Forewing dark cuprescent-brown, with an outwardly-oblique hyaline opalescent-
white oval medial spot, before which is a very much smaller spot within the cell,
beyond it is a much larger discal spot, and a small subafical costal dentate spot ;
from the latter descends a very slender indistinct submarginal line ; posterior margin
white to near the end : hindwing hyaline opalescent-white, with a moderately narrow
cuprescent-brown marginal band ; cilia white. Body above cuprescent-brown ;
tegulie, base of palpi, legs, and body beneath, pure white ; palpi above dark brown ;
fore and middle femora and tibjB brownish above.
Expanse lyV to lyV inch.
GLYPHODES BIVITRALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 2, 2a larva).
Glijphodcs hivitraJis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 293 (18.54) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii.
p. 496 ; Lederer, Pyral. Wieti. Eat. Moiiat. vii. p. 402.
Forewing purphsh ochreous-brown, with an outwardly-oblique hyaline opales-
cent-white jiyriform medial spot, and a very large discal spot, the latter being
irregularly angled on its outer edge ; between the two white spots is a small lower
white-ringed black spot; before the inner spot is a slender transverse indistinct
black-bordered white line ending in a white streak along base of posterior margin ;
at base of the cell is also an indistinct blackish dot ; beyond the discal spot is a
slender transverse line, and the outer mai-gin has a blackish-bordered glaucescent
fascia ; cilia cinereous brown : hindwing hyaline opalegcent-white, with a moderately
broad black-bordered ochreous-brown marginal band with a similar glaucescent
fascia; cilia white, with ochreous-brown inner line. Middle of thorax, abdomen
above, palpi above, and anal tuft bhickish ; forelegs and middle tibiae above ochreous-
brown ; base of palpi, legs, and body beueath white.
Expanse, (^ IxV, 2 liij inch.
" Colombo, December " {Mackwood.}
Larva rather stout, attenuated at the ends ; olive brown, palest beneath ; head
PYRALIDJE. 323
reddish, and with a black lateral streak ; a dorsal, subdorsal, and a lateral row of
white dots, the latter with a few fine short radiating white hairs ; some black dots
on anterior and posterior segments. Pupa pale olivaceous-red ; with an acute anal
point and lengthened pedal sheath.
" Feeds on Ficus oppositifoHa " (Thioaltes).
GLYPHODES ITYSALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 4).
Ghjpliodes Itijsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 501 (1859), $ .
Forewing purplish ochreous-brown, with an outwardly-oblique blackish-
bordered hyaline opalescent-white short costal antemedial band, and a broader erect
postmedial band, the latter partly confluent with a straight slender similar line,
which is outwardly bordered by an opalescent fascia ; a similar white band from base
of posterior margin, followed by a dentate spot below the antemedial band ; the
brown oblique upper basal area traversed by a slender white line, and the medial
area by a metallic blue streak ; cilia white from below the apex : hindwing hyaline
opalescent -white, with a broad brown marginal band, which is inwardly bordered by
a black duplex line with an outer opalescent fascia ; cilia white, with an inner brown
line at the anal angle. Palpi, middle of thorax and abdomen above brown ; anal
tuft black ; tegulte, base of palpi, body beneath, and legs white ; forelegs ochreous,
with a brown band on tibias.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus EUDIOPTIS.
Eudloptis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 359 (1825-7); Stephen's, Illust. Ent. Ilaust. iv. p. 43
(1834).
PhaMlura, Guikling, MS. Westwood, Int. Ent. 11, p. 401 (1840); Gueuee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 294;
Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 509.
Fhacellura, Lederer, Pjral. Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 400 (1863); Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.
1884, p. 297.
Forewing lanceolate, rather narrow ; cell long, three-fifths the length ; first
subcostal emitted at one-fourth, second and third fi-om angle close to end, hardly
separable at their base, third bifid, fifth from end of cell; discocellular concave,
radials from near the ends ; middle median very close to end of cell, lower at one-
fourth; submedian bent near the end: hindwing triangular; cell one-third the
length ; subcostals from end ; discocellular concave, radial from its extreme lower
end ; two upper medians from extended end of cell, lower at one- fourth ; a straight
submedian and two internal veins. Body rather stout, abdomen cylindrical, anal
tuft in male, large, composed of dense plumose and spatular divergent hairs ; labial
palpi ascending, broad, rounded in front, compressed, laxly squamous, third joint
T t 2
324 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
very slioi't j maxillaiy palpi erect, truncate at the tip, distinct ; antenna simple ;
legs long, slender, smooth, spurs long, unequal.
Type, E. hyalinata.
EUDIOPTIS INDICA.
IX.
Eudioptis indica, Saunders, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 1851, p. 1G3, pi. 12, fig. 5, 6, 7; Zoologist, j<^
p. 3070.
Phakellura indica. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 514; Snellen, Tijd. voor. Ent. 1883,
p. 141.
Phacelhira indica, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 297.
Phakellura Gazorialis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 297; Semper, Verb. Zool. Bot. Gesc. 1867, p. 702.
Phacellura Gazorialis, Lederer, Pyral. VVien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 400.
Wings hyaline-white, opalescent ; forewing with a broad cupreous-brown
costal band and an exterior marginal band : hiudwiug with a similar exterior mar-
ginal baud. Cilia cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, palpi above, and penultimate
segment of abdomen above, cupreous-brown ; base of palpi, thorax, base of abdomen
above and beneath, and legs white ; anal tuft ochreous, tipt with brown.
Expanse tti to 1 inch.
Genus MARGARONIA.
Margaronia,llu\}a(.-v, Yerz. bek. Sclimett. p. 358(1825-7); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii.
p. 518.
Margarodcs, Giu'iiee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 301 (1854) ; Lederer, Pyral. Wieu. Ent. Mouat. vii. p. 398 ;
Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 290.
Male. Wings smooth, silky, diaphanous, opalescent: forewing moderately
long, triangular, costa much arched towards the end, apes acute, exterior margin
oblique ; cell narrow, more than half the length ; first subcostal fully half before
end of the cell, second and third close to end, hardly separable at their base, third
bifid, fifth from end, curved upward from the base and almost touching third ;
discocellular outwardly-oblique, slightly concave, radials from close to the ends;
middle median close to end of cell, lower at nearly one-third ; submedian bent
upward near the base, and with a recurved lower slender branch rejoining it beyond
one-third its length : hindwing short, broad, triangular, exterior margin very
slightly convex ; cell two-fifths the length ; subcostals from slightly beyond the
end, upper partly joined to costal; discocellular outwardly oblique, almost bent in
middle, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end, lower at one-fifth ;
a nearly straight submedian and two internal veins. Body smooth, silky, moderately
stout; abdomen keeled above, anal tuft pointed, compact; labial palpi porrect,
projected more than half beyond the head, broad, smoothly clothed, pointed in
front, third joint concealed ; maxillary palpi broad at the apex ; antennae slender.
PYRALIDJE. 325
filiform; legs slender, smooth, inner spurs very long and slender, outer spurs
short.
Type, M. unionalis.
MARGARONIA GLAUCULALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 2, J', 2a larva).
Margnrodes gJauculalis, Gueiiec, Delt. et Pyral. p. 306 (1854); Ledercr, Pyral. Wien. Ent Monat,
vii. p. 398 (1863).
Margaronia glauculalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xviii. p. 532 (1859).
Pale glaucous-green. Wings with opalescent reflections ; with an indistinct
marginal row of minute black lunular points : forewing with the costal border
from base to near the tip ochreous, and a very slender indistinct black sti'eak on
middle of the discocellular. Sides and front of thorax, vertex, palpi above, and
bands on fore and middle tibijB bright ochreous ; base of palpi and legs white ; anal
tuft in male black.
Expanse 1|^ to 2 inches.
Larva stout ; pale olivaceous-ochreous, blotched with reddish ochreous, spotted
with small black worts; front legs black. Pupa red, with blackish anterior streaks,
abdominal bands and spiracles ; with an acute anal point, prominent curved lingual
and a sbort pedal sheath.
" Feeds on Taberna montana." (Thivaites.)
MARGARONIA CELSALIS (Plate 181, Fjg. 4).
JJoti/s Celsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 65i (1859).
White. Wings semihyaline, opalescent : forewing with a brownish-ochreous
costal band which joins a brown-bordered pale yellow streak at base of the cell, a
quadrate spot across its middle, and an elongated spot at its end ; a smaller similar
spot below the cell, situated between the two last ; each spot bordered by a narrow
brown line ; an ochreous-brown undulated denticulated discal line, and a marginal
row of black dots : hindwing with a brown dot in middle of the cell, an oval brown-
bordered yellow spot with its lower point black tipt, at end of the cell ; an undulated
discal line, and a marginal row of black points. Thorax and head above pale
yellow ; sides of thorax, vertex, and palpi above ochreous-brown, the palpi above also
edo-ed with black ; a streak along fore and middle femora and band on fore tibias
and the apical joint of their tarsi black ; palpi beneath, and legs white ; anal tuft in
male black at the base.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus CYDALIMA.
Cydalima, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Monat. viii, p. 397 (1863).
Wings smooth, silky, diaphanous, opalescent. Male : forewing longer, narrower,
the costa less arched, and the exterior margin more oblique than in ]\Iargaronia :
326 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
hind win o- with the exterior margin more convex hindward. Venation similar.
Body longer, anal tuft of lax silky hairs ; labial palpi porrect, broad, rounded in
front, smoothly clothed with broad coarse scales, third joint minute ; maxillary
palpi short, broad and squamous at the tip ; antennce thick at the base, setaceous,
slio-htly contorted and flattened at about one-third the length, with a few fine very
minute lashes ; legs moderately stout, smooth, middle tibijB slightly thickened and
laxly squamous ; spurs slender, unequal.
Type, C. conchylalis.
CYDALIMA CONCHYLALIS.
Margarodes conch'jlnlis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 303, pi. 8, fig. 9 (1854).
Margaronia conchi/lalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 529 (1859).
Cydalima conchylalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 397 (1863).
Wings hyaline-white, opalescent, with a slender brown marginal line, which is
composed of lunular spots in the forewing. Costa of forewing with a metallic
cupreous-brown baud, but which does not extend beyond the subcostal vein, and
has a slight white dentation at end of the cell. Body silky white ; collar on thorax,
head, palpi above, fore femora and tibite above cupreous-brown ; middle tibiee and
tips of tarsi paler brown ; base of palpi, body beneath, and legs white.
Expanse, S 1 i^u, ? lyV inch.
CYDALIMA LATICJSTALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 4).
Margarodes laticoslali's, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 303 (1854), J.
Margaronia taticostalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 528 (1859).
Cydalima laticostalis, Lederer, Pyral, Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 397 (1863).
Margaronia Lcodiceal is, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 530 (1859),^.
Wings hyaline-white, opalescent, with a slender brown marginal line, which is
composed of lunular spots in the forewing. Costa of forewing with an irridescent
cupreous-brown band of equal width to the apes, extending half across the cell,
and indented by a white streak at end of the cell. Body silky- white; abdomen
with a tendency to show blackish segmental bands ; collar, head, palpi above, fore-
logs except the tarsi, and middle tibite iindescent cupreous-brown ; base of palpi,
body beneath, and legs white.
Expanse, i \-r^, ? 1 tV inch.
Genus PACHYARCHES.
Farotis* Hiibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett. iii. p. 30, fig. 523-4 (1825).
Pachyarches, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 398 (1863); Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.
1884, p. 295.
Male. Forewing elongate, costa arched towards the end, with a fold of Ion 2:
* Parotia used in 1816 for a aeuus of Birds.
PVIiALin^. 327
scales beneath, extending from base to beyond middle, wliicli covers a pencil of
fine hairs ; cell half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the
cell, second and third close to the end, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular
very obliquely concave, radials from the ends ; middle median from angle close to
end, lower at one-fifth ; submedian bent upward near the base, with a lower
recurved slender branch extending to one-third its length : hindwing longer than
broad, triangular, exterior margin slightly convex ; cell nearly two-fifths the lengtli ;
subcostals from the end, upper partly joined to costal ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, slightly concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end,
lower at one-fourth ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body moderately stout ;
abdomen long, tufted at the apex ; frontal tuft ridged at the sides ; labial palpi
long, porrect, rostriform, pointed in front, third joint concealed ; maxillary palpi
dilated with dense scales at the tip, truncate ; antennfe stout and flattened at the
base, filiform, base of shaft excavated on inner side facing an erect projection of
scales from basal joint ; antennae in female simple ; legs finely squamous, inner spurs
long, slender, outer short.
Tijjie, P. psittacalis.
PACHYARCHES PSITTACALIS.
Parotis psittacalis, Hiibner, Saraml. Exot. Schmett. iii. p. 30, No. 262, figs. 523-4 (lS2o).
Margarodes psittacalis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 308 (18ol).
JMargaronia jisittacalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xviii. p. 529.
Paclii/arches psittacalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 39S ; Meyrick, Trans. Enf. Soc.
Lond. 1884, p. 296.
Margaronia maliferalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiv. 1363 (1865), J'.
Apple-green. Both wings with a slight black dentate spot at end of the cell,
])ut which are obsolete in the female ; cilias cinereous-ochreous : forewing brownish-
ochreous along edge of the costa. Palpi above brighter brownish-ochreoas, white
beneath ; anal tuft in male dark brown ; legs -white above, greenish beneath ; fore
femora and tibise with ochreous baud ; middle femora with ochreous knee and tibiae
■with basal streak ; basal tuft of autennaj in male tipt with ochreous.
Expanse, c? 2 , 1 a> to l^u inch.
PACHYARCHES POMONALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 7, $).
Margarodes poinonalis, Giu-uee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 309 (1854).
Margaronia pomonalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. SI. xviii. p. 530.
Pachyarches pomonalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Jlonat. vii. p. 398.
Pale apple-green, tinged with yellow; costal edge of forewing white. Cilia of
both wings white, with a slender yellowish inner line. Palpi green above, white at
the base ; legs entirely white ; anal tuft in male black.
Expanse, $ ? , 1 tV to Iju inch.
328 Till': LEPIDOFTERA OF CFA'LOX.
PACHYAECHES HILARALIS.
Mar<jaronia hilaralis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 532.
Bri"lit o-laucoiis-green. Forewing with a white-bordered ochreous costal band,
a slight ochreous spot iu middle of the cell and another at its end, both disposed
near the subcostal ; some apple-green streaks between the veins, and a white spot near
middle of the posterior margin ; a slender brown marginal line with black points :
hindwino- -with some apple-green streaks, and a spot at end of cell, a slender brown
maroinal line with black points. Cilia cinereous -white, with brown inner hne.
Abdomen with a dorsal row of short ochreous bands ; anal tuft in male blackish,
tipt with cinereous brown ; tip of abdomen in female ochreous ; palpi, sides of
thorax, and bands on fore and middle tibi^ ochreous; base of palpi white; legs
greenish.
Expanse, (? 1 to, ? li'o inch.
Genus ENCHOCNEMIDIA.
Enchocnemidia, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 399 (1863).
Male. Differs from typical Pachyarches in the forewing, in the absence of the
plumose costal fold on the underside, and in the hindwing having the submedian
and internal vein clothed with long silky tufts of hairs. The hind tibiiB also differ
in being clothed with long laterally- spreading hairs.
Tyj^c, E. squaraopedahs.
ENCHOCNEMIDIA PHRYNEUSALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 12, $).
Margaronia Phr>jneusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 531 (1859), ?.
ifarrjaronia Moyvusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 533 (1859), ?.
Margaronia Atlitalis, Walker, id. p. 533 (1859), ?.
Apple-green. Both wings with an indistinct blackish spot at end of the cell,
and a marginal row of very minute black points. Costa of forewing slenderly edged
with ochreous. Cilia brownish-cinereous. Palpi green above, white beneath ; fore
tibia3 with ochreous bands ; all the tarsi white above ; anal tuft in male blackish.
Expanse lyu" to 1-h inch.
Genus PYGOSPILA.
Pijgospila, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 312 (1854) ? ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 537;
Lederer, Pyral. Wien Ent. Monat. vii. p. 404.
Lomotropa, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 404 (1863), S .
Pldi/cla:nia (part), Iliibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 359.
Forewing long, lanceolate ; costa of male with a slightly swollen and depressed
PYRALID^E. 320
lold above end of the cell and covered with scabrous scales beneath; costal and
subcostals curved below the fold ; cell more than half the length; first subcostal at
nearly half before end of the cell, second and third from angle close to end, third
bifid, fifth from end ; discocellular outwardly concave, radials from upper and lower
end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fifth ; submediau recurved,
bent near the base, and with a slender lower branch rejoining it at nearly half its
length: hindwing short, triangular; cell about one-third the length; subcostals on
a footstalk beyond the cell, upper partly joined to costal ; discocellular outwardly
obliqut>, concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end, lower at one-
fifth ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body moderately stout, abdomen lono-,
attenuated ; tegulas clothed with long lax scales ; labial palpi ascending, bi-oad,
compressed, smoothly squamous, third joint minute, conical ; antennae setaceous ; legs
moderately long, smooth; hind tibiee with a tuft of hairs at the tip, inner spurs lono-,
slender, outer spurs short. Female. Costal fold on forewing absent. No tuft at
tip of hind tibiae.
PYGOSPILA TYRES.
riuthena Pijralis Tyres, Cramer, Pap. E.xot. iii. p. 124, pi. 263, fig. e. (I7S2), ?.
Phhjctania Tlujralis, Hiibner, Verz. l)ek. Sehmett. p. 359 (182o-7).
Pijijospila Ti/resialis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 312 (185i) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. C M. xviii.
p. 537 ; Lederer, P3 ral. Wien. Eiit. Mouat. vii. p. 40i.
Phalcena cestuata (part), Fabricius,* Syst. Ent. p. 638 ; Eut. Sysf. iii. 2, p. 207, ? {nee LiniiKii.s).
Pijijospila costiflexalis, Guenee, Delt. et. Pyrai. p. 313 (1854), ^.
Lomotropa costiflexalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 405, pi. 14, fig. 8 (18G3), S .
Purplish-black, glossy. Male : forewing with a costal fold above end of the
cell ; two yellowish-ochreous transverse basal outwardly-oblique recurved lines,
followed by two small spots below the submedian vein, above which are four
equidistant transverse series of bluish-white spots : hindwing with bluish-white
streaks from the base, some discal streaks, a spot at end of the cell, and
three small spots on middle of the exterior margin. Eemale. Forewing with
the costal edge not folded ; markings more prominent, the basal lines sometimes
white : hindwing with the markings also more prominent, and with an upper discal
spot. Thorax witli six longitudinal lines, which are ochreous-yellow in male, and
sometimes white in female ; abdomen with two dorsal rows and a lateral row of
white spots ; front of head and basal joint of antenn;i3 with white band ; base of
palpi, body beneath, and legs white ; fore tibiaB with black bands, middle and hind
tibiae with a black longitudinal streak : hind tibia3 of male with a tuft of hair.
Expanse \\ to If inch.
* III the B;uik.si;in Cubini t at tlic liiitisii Musejui is a female of this insect labelled Plial. ^Esluata
by Fabricius.
\oL. Tir. rj II
330
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus NEURINA.
£'»<//vM/s,* Hubner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 341 (1825-7); Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xviii.
p. 538.
Newina, Gucuec, Belt, et Pyral. p. 313 (1854) ; LeJerer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 395
(1863).
Forewing elongated, triangular ; costa arclied towards the end, exterior margin
obli(]ue, very slightly convex, posterior margin rounded towards the base ; cell about
half tlie length ; first subcostal at one-third before end of the cell, second and third
close to end, third bifid, fifth from the end and running close along third to half its
lenp-th ; discocellular oblique, slightly concave, radials from the ends ; middle median
close to end, lower at one-fourth ; submedian bent upward near the base, with a short
lower recurved branch which rejoins it at one-third its length: hindwiug short,
broad, triangular, exterior margin and anal angle very convex ; cell about one-third
the length, broad; subcostals on a short footstalk beyond the cell; discocellular
outwardly-concave, radial from lower end; middle median close to end, lower at one-
fourth ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body moderately stout ; anal tuft
prominent ; tegula; clothed with long silky hairs ; labial palpi ascending above vertex,
compressed, pubescent, third joint minute, obtuse ; maxillary palpi lanceolate, mode-
rately long ; proboscis very thick at the base ; antennas long, slender, very minutely
serrate-ciliate ; legs slender, tarsi very long, fore tibias and basal tarsi pilose at
the sides in the male ; spurs moderate, slender, unequal.
KEURINA PROCOPIA (Plate 182, Fio. 1).
Phahi'im Nocfiia Procopia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 152, pi. 368, fig. E. (1782).
Evylyphis Procopia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 341 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xviii.
p. 538.
Nevrina Procopialis, Gueuee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 314 ; Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. IMouat. vii. p. 395.
"Wings white. Both wings with the base partly reddish-ochreous ; the outer two-
thirds streaked with glossy purplish cinereous-brown along the veins, leaving very
slender intervening white lines ; forewing with a black spot at base of the costa,
and a subbasal spot below the cell. Thorax, head, palpi, pectus, and middle tih\se
reddish-ochreous; abdomen white with dorsal and lateral black bands; thorax and
abdomen beneath white ; forelegs, middle and hind femora, band on middle of hind
tibice, and their tarsi, cinereous-bi'own.
Expanse li% to l-jV inch.
* Previously used by Hiibner (Verz. p. 190).
PYRALID^E. 331
Genus FILODES.
Filodes, Gncnee, Delt. et. Pyral. \\ 317 (lSo4) ; LeJeror, Pyral. Wion. Ent. Mouat. vii. p. 390.
Pinacia (part), Hiibner ; Geyer.
Auxomitin, LeJerer, Pyral. Wien. Eat. Monat. vii. p. 391 (1863).
Differs from Neurina in the forewing being more triangular, tlie exterior margin
very obliqne and not convex : liindwing longer, narrower, less convex on exterior
margin. Venation similar. Body not stout; abdomen slender, longer, with lateral
tufts and short anal tuft ; palpi shorter ; antennae much longer, which extend one-
third beyond the forewing ; fore tibice in the male thickly pilose, fore tarsi pilose at
the sides, the hairs on the outer side of basal joint very long ; middle and hind tarsi
also slightly pubescent.
FILODES FULVIDORSALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 2, S, 2a larva).
Pinacia fulvidorsalis, liubner, Geyer. Zutrage Samml. Exot. Schmett. 15, 322, fig. 643-4 (1832).
Filodes fulvidorsalis, Giienee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 317 ; Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 390,
pi. 12, fig. 17.
Eiujlyphisjihidorsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 539.
Wings purplish fuliginous-grey : forewing reddish-ochreous at the base; with a
chalybeous-black spot at the base and speckles along the costal border, three pure
black spots in the cell, and another below the cell. Thorax, head, and abdomen above,
reddish-ochreous ; front of head and palpi chalybeous-black ; pectus yellow ; legs
cupreous-brown; body beneath, and short lateral tufts and anal tuft chalybeous-
black ; dorsal spots chalybeous-grey.
Expanse l-ra inch.
Larva short ; olive-green ; head yellowish ; with several black wai'ty spots, and
white subdorsal streaks ; front legs black.
Pupa red ; with a prolonged slender lingual and pedal sheath.
"Feeds on Thunbergia alata " (Thwaites.)
FILODES MIRIFICALIS.
AuxODiitia inirijlvalis, LeJerer, Pyral. Wion. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 391, pi. 13, fig. 1 (1863).
Closely allied to F. fulvidorsalis. Differs only in being slightly greyer in
colour : forewing v/ith the ochreous base obsolescent or quite absent ; basal black spot
similar ; and with faint traces of a transverse oblique discal blackish fascia : hind-
wing also with faint traces of a similar fascia, and a spot at end of the cell. Body
paler ochreous, with silvery-grey bands and tufts.
Expanse l^a to 1 fV inch.
Genus DODANGA.
Male. Forewing short, broad, triangular; cell half the length; first subcostal
■:,ry2 THE LEPIDOPTEUA OF CEYLOX.
at oue-fourtli before end of tlic cell, second close to the end, trifid, fifth from the
end; discocellular slightly concave, bent near each end, radials from the angles;
middle median close to the end, lower at one-fonrth ; submedian bent npward near
the base : hindwing rather long, apex produced and convex, exterior margin very
oblique and concave in the middle ; anal angle convex and lobate ; abdominal
maro'in long, corrugated, fringed, and with a basal divergent tuft of much longer
fine silky hairs ; cell one-third the length, narrow; subcostals from end of cell, upper
])artly joined to the costal ; discocellular obliquely concave, radial from lower end ;
two upper medians from extended end of cell, lower at one-third ; a straight sub-
median and internal vein. Body slender ; abdomen extending half beyond the
hindwings, flattened laterally, with short smooth lateral subterminal tufts and
smooth thick conical anal tuft ; labial palpi ascending, laxly squamous in front, tip
short, obtusely pointed ; maxillary palpi erect, slender, reaching to end of labial ;
antennae slender, submonihform ; legs long, slender, smooth, spurs unequal.
LODANGA LOBIPENNIS (Plate 182, Fig. 3).
Male. Dark fuliginous-brown, with a dull cuprescent gloss : forewing with a
slight black postmedial recurved line, the bordering inner costal area being clouded
\f\ih. darker brown ; a slight black spot in middle of the cell and a streak at the end :
hindwing with traces of a slight black discal line ; cilia long, abdominal margin
with a basal tuft of long black silky hairs. Body smooth, with a dull cuprescent
gloss ; frontal tuft whitish at the sides ; base of palpi white ; legs pale brown.
Expanse § inch.
Genus CONOGETHES.
Conogethes, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loml. 1884, p. 314, 9.
Male. Forewing elongated, triangular; cell fully half the length; first sub-
costal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second and third close to end,
third bifid, fifth from end ; discocellular deeply concave in middle, bent near each
end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower
at one-fifth ; submedian somewhat waved, with a short slender lower branch :
hindwing short, triangular, exterior margin convex ; cell one-third the length ;
two subcostals from end, upper partly joined to the costal near the base; disco-
cellular very concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell,
lower at one- fourth ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body moderately slender,
anal tuft pointed ; labial palpi curved upward, lanceolate, squamous in front, pointed
at the tip; maxillary palpi short, slender; antennte rather stout, simple ; legs rather
stout, smooth, spurs unequal.
PynALIDyE. 333
CONOGETHES PUNCTIFERALIS.
Astuni jninctiferalh, Guoiifc, Delt. et ]'yr;il. \>. 320 (18o4); Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. JI. xviii.
p. 548.
Botys punctiferalix, Lcdorer, Pyral. Wion. Eiit. Moiiat. vii. |i. liTo.
Conogethes pnnctiferalls, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loiul. 1884, p. 314.
As^twa Ersealis, Walker, Catal. Lap. Ilet. B. M. xix. p. 980 (18.J9).
Botijs Nicippealls, Walker, hi. p. 999 (1859).
Astura gxUtatalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1381 (1865).
JMale and female. Yellowisli-ochreous : forewing with transverse purplish-black
basal and subbasal spots, an antemedial row of spots, a postmedial and a discal
zigzag- series of spots, and three medial submarginal spots ; a spot also near end of cell
and a lumale at the end : hindwing with a purplish-black spot at end of the cell, a
discal, and a submarginal zigzag series of spots. Thorax black spotted ; abdomen
with three dorsal rows of black spots, anal tuft in male black streaked ; palpi with
a brown or blackish band ; forelegs and tarsi with blackish bands.
Expanse, ^ ? | to 1 inch.
Genus DADESSA.
Allied to Conorjethes (Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 314). Wings
comparatively longer; pattern of markings similar to the type {(J. punctlferalis,
Guen.).
Male. Veins of forewing similar : hindwing with the cell longer and much
broader ; middle and lower median vein distorted, being slightly bent upward near
the base, and having a short glandular tuft of scales at their base on the upper side ;
the submedian and internal veins extend nearer to the median, ai-e curved upward
opposite to the bent portion of the medians, and also have similar glandular tufts of
short hairs.
DADESSA EVAXALIS (Plate 183, Fig. 3, i ).
Botys Evaxalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xix. p. 995 (1859),^ ?.
Yellowish-ochreous : forewing with transverse purplish-black basal and sub-
basal spots, an antemedial macular hne, a postmedial and discal zigzag series of
almost continuous dentate spots, beyond which are three medial submarginal slender
spots ; a spot near end of the cell, and a streak at the end : hindwing Avith a
purplish-black spot at end of the cell, a discal zigzag series of spots, and a sub-
marginal series of slender spots, these markings being less defined in the female.
Male with a tuft of short ochreous hairy scales between the base of middle and
lower medians, and similar tufts on submedian and internal veins, the adjoining
black lower discal spots being also covered with irridescent cupreous lax scales.
Tliorax and basal segments of abdomen in male black spotted, anal tuft partlv
334 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
l»lack; spots indistiuct in the funiale ; palpi oclireous at the tip, second joint with
a broad blauk Ijand, base whitish ; legs paler above ; forelegs in male witli blackish
bands; hind tarsi in male with a tuft of irridescent blackish hairs. Cilia edged
with white.
Expanse, ^ 1, ? It'u inch.
Genus PITACANDA.
Male. Wings smooth : forewing long ; costa arched toward end, exterior
margin very oblique ; cell extending more than half the length ; first subcostal
emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell, second and third close to end, third
Ihfid, fifth from end and extending upward close to and parallel with third to one-
third its length ; discocellular slender, concave, radials from the ends ; middle
median close to end of cell, lower at one-fifth; submedian curved upward, with a
slender lower branch extending to near posterior-angle : hindwing short, triangular,
apex convex ; cell one-third the length ; two subcostals from the end, upper partly
joined to costal ; discocellular almost bent in the middle, radial from lower end ;
two upper medians from end of cell, lower close to end ; a straight submedian and
internal vein. Body rather stout, abdomen extending nearly half beyond hindwings;
thorax pilose ; palpi short, jaorrect, convergent at the tip, apex slightly decumbent,
smoothly squamous ; antenna3 rather thick, stoutly pectinated on the outer side and
serrated on the inner side to near the tip, the branches minutely ciliated; legs
rather stout, fore and middle tibite pilose; fore tarsi also slightly pilose; hind tibia)
iu'oad, flattened, excavated exteriorly in the middle, slightly pilose, spurs short,
basal joint of tarsi also slightly pilose.
PITACANDA SPILOSOMOIDES (Plate 183, Fig. 10).
Male. Wings ochreous-white : forewing with a black basal costal spot, four
short longitudinal subbasal streaks, a transverse cvirved antemedial band, and a
recurved postmedial band composed of short streaks between the veins, followed by
a small spot below the lower subcostal, and two discal spots situated above and
below the upper median ; the outer border streaked with yellow between the veins :
hindwing with the outer border yellow, a large black spot on middle of abdominal
margin. Thorax, head, palpi, and base of abdomen ochreous-white ; teguto and
abdomen ochreous ; sides of thorax with black spots ; abdomen with black dorsal
bands ; legs whitish ; fore femora and tibiaj, and middle femora banded with black.
Expanse If inch.
Genus BOTYODES.
Boti/odes, Guenee, Delt. et Pyr.al. p. 320 (1854); Walker, Ciital. Lop. Hft. B. M. xviii. p. 550;
Ledercr, Pyral. Wieu. Eiit. Monat. vii. p. 394.
AYings large: forewing elongate, triangular; cell fully half the length; first
PYHALID.T:. 335
subcostal emitted at half before end of the cell ; second from angle close to end,
trifid, fifth from the end, curved upward from tlic base; discocellular slender,
concave, radials from close to ends ; middle median from angle close to end of
cell, lower at fully one-fourth ; submedian bent near the base, with a lower recurved
slender branch : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex ; cell one-third the
length, very broad ; two subcostals from beyond end of cell, upper partly joined to
costal ; discocellular concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end
of cell, lower at one-fifth ; a straight submedian antl two internal veins. Body
rather stout; anal tuft in male lax; labial palpi oblique, compressed, broad,
truncate, clothed with short compact scales, third joint short, thick, obtuse;
maxillary palpi very short; antennae slender, setaceous, base inflated and with a
short fascicle of hairs in front ; pectoral shield broad ; legs rather stout, fore and
middle femora, and the tibia?, clothed with short fine hairy scales; hind pair of
spurs short.
Type, B. Asialis.
BOTYODES ASIALIS (Plate 183, Fig. !,(?, la larva).
Boti/odes Asialis, Giienee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 321 (1854),?; Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xviii.
p. 551; Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eiit. Mouat. vii. p. 394, pi. 13, tig. S,^; Snellen, Tijd. voor. Ent.
1883, p. 1.39.
Bot>is sellalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. P.. JI. xviii. p. 648 {ncc Gucnee).
Deep yellow. Both wings with a purplish ochreous-red undulated bordered
broad marginal band, which does not completely extend to the apex on the forewing;
an irregular discal hne, and an oval pale-centred mark at end of each cell : forewmg
also with a punctiform orbicular spot, an outwardly-oblique antemedial interrupted
line, and some basal spots ; anal tuft in male greyish-black ; pectoral shield pure
white ; body and legs yellow.
Expanse If to 2 inches.
Larva rather short, thick; olive-green; with a reddish lateral band, minute
dorsal and sublateral black warty-spots and two lateral rows of larger spots; a
slender black hair rising from the former; head black, vertex yellow. Pupa green;
with a short anal point and pedal sheath.
" Feeds on Ficus, &c." [Thioaites).
Genus CADARENA.
Forewing elongate, triangular, apex pointed, somewliat subfalcate ; cell more
than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly half before end of the cell,
second and third from angle close to end, third bifid, fifth curved upward from end ;
discocellular concave in middle, bent near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle
asG THE LEPIBOPTEnA OF CEYLON.
mediau from augle close to end of cell, lower at oue-tbird ; submediau recurved,
with a slender lower branch rejoining it at one-third its length : hindwing broad,
apex obtusely pointed, exterior margin convex ; cell one-third the length, broad ;
subcostals from the end ; discocellular concave, radial from lower end ; middle
median close to end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; a submedian and two internal
veins. Body rather slender ; palpi porrect, rather broad, pointed in front, third
joint concealed, clothed with coarse scales; maxillary palpi oblique, slender;
antennce long, thickish, filiform ; legs long, slender, smooth, inner spurs very long,
outer short.
CADARENA SIHTJATA (Plate 183, Fig. 2,S, 2« larva).
Phalcena simiata, Fabricius, Spec. lus. ii. p. 267 (1781); Eat. Syst. iii. 208 (1793).
Phalcena Geom. marginata, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 243, pi. 400, fig. 1 (1782).
Botys marginalis, SwaiosoD, Zool. lUust. 1st ser. ii. pi. 77, fig. 1 (1821); Guoueo, Delt. et Pyral. p.
343; Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xviii. p. 633.
Lemon-yellow : forewing with a broad carmine-red dentate-bordered costal and
apical band, and a short streak at the posterior angle : hindwing with a carmine-red
apical and dentate subanal marginal broken band. Cilia at the apex carmine.
Front of thorax, head, and palpi above carmine-red ; a longitudinal dorsal carmine
streak extending from the collar to apex of abdomen; palpi beneath, and legs,
whitish ; fore and middle tibias black above.
Expanse 11=17 to Ifij inch.
"Colombo" {Mnchwood).
Larva thick, attenuated anteriorly; green, with a lateral row of white-tipt
black dots bordering a slender dark line. Pupa pale green, yellowish beneath ; with
a short anal point and pedal sheath.
"Feeds on Moduca" {Thwaites).
Genus HAPALIA.
Ilapalki, Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 3oo (1825-7); Stephen?, Illust. Brit. Ent. Haust. iv. p. 417
(1835).
Botijs {Hapalia), Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. iu Brit. Mus, p. 241 (I80O).
Male. Forewing elongate, rather triangular ; cell more than half the length ;
first subcostal at two-fifths before end of the cell, second and third from angle close
to the end, third bifid, fifth from the end; discocellular bent near the ends, concave
in middle, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of cell,
lower at one-third ; submedian straight : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin
convex ; cell one-third the length, broad ; subcostals from the end ; discocellular
outwardly-oblique, radial from lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of
cell, lower at one-third ; a straight submedian and two internal veins. Body slender.
PYBALIDyE. 337
abdomen keeled above ; labial palpi obliquely porrect, projecting half beyond the
head, coarsely squamous, pointed in front, third joint short ; maxillary palpi short ;
legs long, slender, spurs modei-ately long, unequal ; antennjB finely ciliated.
Tijpc, H. flavalis.
HAP ALIA DENTICULOSA (Plate 183, Fig. 8).
Yellowish-ochreous : forewing with some indistinct ochreous-brown basal spots,
an outwardly-oblique undulated antemedial line, an irregular discal denticulated line
which is quadrately angulated in the middle, followed by a submarginal denticulated
fascia, and marginal points ; the marginal border being more or less suffused with
ochreous-brown ; a punctiform orbicular spot, and a pale-centred reniform mark :
hindwing with a pale-centred ochreous-brown spot at end of the cell, an irregular
angulated denticulated discal line, submarginal fascia, and marginal points ; the
maro-inal border being' more or less suffused with ochreous-brown. Cilia cinereous-
brown. Sides of thorax, head, palpi above, band on fore femora and tibial ochreous-
brown ; palpi beneath and legs white.
Expanse 1 inch.
Near to H. Dinlasalis, and to II. signitalis, Walker.
HAP ALIA JOPASALIS (Plate 182, Fig. II, S)-
Boti/s Jojmsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B.M. xviii. p. 6o2 (1859), $ .
Boti/s Boteralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xviii. p. 716 (1859); xix. p. 994.
J^uescent-yellow. Male : forewing crossed by a short basal, and an outwardly-
oblique curved antemedial purple-brown line, an irregular discal denticulated line,
which is bent inward to below end of the cell, and a marginal row of points, the
latter being obsolescent hindward ; a punctiform orbicular spot, and a large oval
reniform mark ; a slight purple-brown patch at the apex : hindwing with a similar
inner line, a denticulated discal line, marginal points, and apical patch. A purple-
brown band on tip of palpi, on penultimate segment of abdomen, on fore tibicB, and
a spot on tip of femora, two spots on fore trochanter, and one on each femora
beneath.
Female : with the markings more distinct, but the discal line less acutely
denticulated, the apical patches darker : forewing also with an additional oval sub-
basal patch ; spots on legs beneath obsolete.
Expanse $ 1 inch, ? tV inch.
HAP ALIA (?) PLAGIATALIS.
Boli/s plarftatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 673 (1859).
" Female. Pale luteous-yellow, shining : forewings slightly rounded at the tips,
vor,. HI. X X
338 THE LEPIDOPTEnA OF CEYLON.
very oblique along the exterior border ; with four brown patches, one near the base
the second by the interior angle, the third opposite the second and near the costa,
the fourth subapical, elongate, larger than the others, accompanied along its inner
side by the darker submarginal line, which is obsolete hindward ; marginal points
brown : hindwings semihyaline, with a brown subapical patch,
" Expanse 10 Hues."
Bah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L.
Layard.
HAPALIA FEATERNA (Plate 183, Fig. 9).
Pale ochreous-yellow ; wings opalescent : forewing with an indistinct ochreous-
brown spot at base of the posterior margin, a recurved antemedial line, an irregular
discal dentici;lated line, and a marginal band which is narrowest in its middle ; the
discal line quadrately bent outward in its middle and almost macular from the
median vein upward ; a large orbicular spot and quadrate reniform mark : hindwing
with an ochreous-brown quadrate spot at eud of the cell, an irregular discal denti-
culated line which is quadrately angulated in its middle ; and a marginal macular
band which is attenuated to anal end. Cilia whitish-cinereous. Front of thorax,
head, palpi above, and band on fore tibia3 darker ochreous-yellow; palpi beneath
and legs white.
Expanse 1-n; inch.
Allied to E. MyslsaUs.
HAPALIA MARGIN ALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 13).
Straw-yellow. Forewing crossed by a black outwardly-oblique waved ante-
medial line, a medial and an irregular postmedial denticulated line, followed by a
marginal row of black points ; the costal and exterior border suffused with purplish
cinereous-brown ; a black dot near base of posterior margin, a punctiform orbicular,
and a prominent reniform spot : hindwing with a black spot at end of cell, two
interrupted discal denticulated lines, and a marginal row of black points ; apex
suffused with purplish cinereous-brown. Abdomen above with two black spots on
third basal segment ; fore tibias with a black band.
Expanse tu inch.
HAPALIA DEDUCTALIS.
Bot>/s deductalis, Walkor, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xviii. p. 659 (18.5'J).
Cinereous. Wings slightly iridescent; crossed by an obsolescent cinereous-
brown discal slightly undulated line: forewing with an obsolescent orbicular and
PYRALID^. 339
reniform mark. Head, palpi above, and band on fore tibiae ochreous, palpi beneath
and legs white.
Expanse $ !•§■ inch.
HAPALIA ADMENSALIS.
Botys admensalis. Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. M. xviii. p. ('52 (18.59).
Brownish-ochreoiis : forewing with a transverse very indistinct blackish curved
antemedial line, and an irregular discal denticulated line ; a spot at lower base of
the wing, and a black punctiform orl)icular and reniform spot : hindwing with a
black spot at end of the cell, and a less distinct discal irregular line. Cilia whitisli.
Abdomen with a black dot on each side near the base ; palpi brown above, white
beneath ; legs white, fore tibiae with a brown band.
Expanse 1| inch.
HAPALIA ABLACTALIS.
Boti/s ahlactalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 660 (1859).
Yellowish-cinereous. Wings semihyaline, opalescent ; marginal line black ;
cilia white : forewing with a transverse indistinct outwardly-oblique antemedial
cinereous line, an irregular discal line, and a lunule at end of the cell : hindwing
with a similar irregular discal line, and lunule at end of the cell. Abdominal
segments slenderly edged with white ; palpi beneath and legs white.
Expanse tV to 1 inch.
HAPALIA TJLTIMALIS.
Bofijs uhimidis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 659 (1S59).
Olivescent-cinereous : forewing crossed by a darker cinereous curved antemedial
line, and an irregular postmedial line, the latter curved inward to below end of the
cell ; orbicular and reniform marks forming two obsolescent ringlets : hindwing with
a similar irregidar discal line. Palpi brownish above, white beneath ; legs white.
Expanse 2 Iru inch.
HAPALIA CONCOLOR (Plate 181, Fig. 3).
Female. Both wings uniformly cinereous-white, opalescent. Body whitish
above ; sides of the thorax, head, and palpi above pale ochreous ; base of paljii, legs,
and body beneath white.
Expanse Ito inch.
HAPALIA ( ?) INTEERUPTALIS.
Botys internq^talh, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. HOG (1865).
" Pale ochraceons, stout. Wings whitish, iridescent, pale ochraceous at the
base; with four zigzag oblique ochraceous here and there brownish-marked lines;
X X 2
340 THE LEPIDOrTEIiA OF CEYLON.
fii'st line approximate to the second and abbreviated in tlic disc of the hindwing ;
third and fourth near the exterior border; marginal lino ochraceous. Forewings
acute ; orbicular and I'oniform marks pale-ochraceous, mostly brown-bordered ;
exterior border slightly convex, very oblique : abdomen extending much beyond the
hind\Yings; legs smooth, stout.
" Expanse 16 lines."
HAPALIA(?) DIALIS.
Bottjs Dialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 675 (1859).
" Pale luteous. Wings with brownish denticulated lines ; exterior line much
bent in the middle ; submarginal line diffuse, indistinct ; marginal festoon brownish :
forewings slightly acute ; exterior border rather oblique ; reniform mark brown,
narrow.
"Expanse 8 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
HAPALIA(?) THAIS ALIS.
Botijs Thaisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xviii. p. 674 (1859).
" Pale yellowish. Wings with slight incomplete somewhat dotted brownish
undulating lines ; exterior border with a brown band, which is undulating on the
inner side ; a discal brownish ringlet, which is largest in the forewings, -where it
represents the reniform mark.
" Expanse 9 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L. Layard.
HAPALIA(?) MYBINALIS.
Botys Myrinalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 673 (1859).
" Female. Pale yellow : hindwings and abdomen more whitish : forewings
acute; interior, exterior, and submarginal lines pale brown, slightly undulating, not
distinct ; a slight brownish tinge between the submarginal line and the border ;
orbicular and reniform marks pale brown, the former punctiform, the latter forming
an iri-egular ringlet : hindwings with the lines paler and more indistinct than in the
forewings, and partly obsolete.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L. Layard.
PYRALlDyE. 341
HAPALIA(?) BREVILINEALIS.
Botys hrcvilinealis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilct. B. M. xviii. p. 674 (I8.:i9).
"Male. Testaceous. Wings with slightly undulating brown exterior and
submarginal lines ; exterior line darker in front. Forewings with a distinct interior
brown line, and with a dark brown dot towards the costa between the interior and
exterior lines ; mai-ginal points brown : hindwings with a darker brown interrupted
marginal line.
" Expanse 9 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by J\Ir. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
HAP ALIA (:) CYNARALIS.
Botijs Cynaralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 672 (1859).
" Female. Pale yellow. Wings with black submarginal points, and with thi-ee
irregular lines composed of brown streaks : hindwings with the lines more incom-
plete, and with a cupreous spot near the interior angle. Thorax with three brown
spots in front, the middle one double ; abdomen with a blackish dot on each side
near the base.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
HAP ALIA (?) ANNULALIS.
Botys annulalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 675 (1859).
" Pale testaceous. Wings with the interior and exterior lines brown, slender,
undulating, festoon-like, with slight interruptions ; space between the exterior line
and the exterior border mostly brown ; a brown subcostal ringlet, larger and more
diffuse and more remote from the base in the forewings than in the hindwings :
forewings with two or three brown points about the linos.
"Expanse 8 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
HAP ALIA (?) NEPHEALIS.
Botys Nephealis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 673 (1859).
" Male. Testaceous. Wings with a pearly lustre, somewhat ochraceous
towards the exterior border, which is brown : forewings ochreous along the costa ;
lines brown, slightly undulating; submarginal line abbreviated hindward and con-
342 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
tiguous to a brown streak : hindwings with tlie exterior and submarginal lines brown,
incomplete.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in tlie collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
HAP ALIA (?) DRYOPEALIS.
Botijs Dri/opealis, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 672 (1859).
" Female. Luteous-yellow. Forewings acute ; costa ferrnginous ; exterior
border more broadly ferruginous ; interior and exterior lines undulating, denticulated,
ferruginous ; orljicular and reniform marks ferruginous ; tbe former small, the
latter narrow, joining an exterior diffuse pale spot : hindwings pale yellow ; exterior
line and border pale brown, the former indistinct. Abdomen paler ; sides of thorax
ferruginous.
"Expanse 11 lines."
Hab. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
HAPALIA(?) JANAPALIS.
Soli/s Janapalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 676 (1859).
" Female. Brown, moderately stout, with a slight cinei^eous tinge. Wings
narrow, with a brown discal ringlet, and with an exterior oblique irregular pale-
bordered brown line, composed of cuneate marks. Palpi short, stout, compressed,
hardly rising as high as the vertex, third joint conical, not one-fourth the length of
second; antennas rather stout; abdomen long, extending half beyond hindwings;
legs rather stout.
"Expanse 10 lines."
Hal). Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard.
Genus CIRCOBOTYS.
Circohotys, Butlei', Types, Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Part 3, p. 77 (1879).
Forewing very long, narrow, and triangular ; costa arched towards end, apex
obtusely pointed, almost subfalcate ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal
at one-fifth before end of the cell, second and third from angles close to end, third
bifid, fifth curved upward from the end ; discocellular concave, radials from the
ends ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at nearly one-half ; submedian
curved near base, with a slender lower recurved branch : hindwing rather long,
triangular ; cell one-fourth the length at upper end, one-half at lower end ; sub-
PYRALIDuE. 343
costals from beyond end of cell, upper partly joined to costal ; discocellular very
oblique, concave at upper end, radial from extended lower end ; two upper medians
from end, lower at one-third ; a subracdian and two intei^nal veins. Body slender,
abdomen extending half beyond hindwings ; labial palpi porrect, very laxly squamous,
rostriform ; maxillary palpi oblique, stout, squamous ; autenuaj slender, setaceous ;
legs slender, middle tibife fringed, spui'S long, unequal.
Type, C. nycterina.
CIRCOBOTYS OCTOGUTTALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 11).
Botys octogutlalis, Fekler et Rogeuhoffer, Nov. Voy. Lcp. iv. pi. 135, fig. 38 (187.5), S .
Cinereous ochreous-brown : forewing partly ochreous along middle of the
costal and exterior border ; with four black-bordered pure white spots, the first
being small, the second lai'ge and quadrate, representing the orbicular and reniform,
the third oval and situated half-way between the cell and apex, the fourth below the
reniform ; these spots are all smaller in the female : hiudwiug with the exterior
border broadly ochreous-yellow; an obsolescent inner brown line ending in an ob-
solescent yellowish spot at end of the cell ; a marginal row of minute brown points.
Body cinereous ochreous-brown ; palpi above blackish ; palpi beneath and legs
white ; forelegs with black bands.
Expanse c? 2 iV inch.
Genus DEBA.
Deba, Walker, Catal. Lep. Htt. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1495 (1865).
Phycidicera, Snellen, MiJd. Sumatra, Exp. iv. 1; Lep. p. 71 (1880) ; Tijd. voor Eiit. 1880, p. 228;
id. 1884, p. 37.
Male, Forewing elongate, triangular; cell half the length; first subcostal
emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second and third approximate, third
bifid, fifth from end of cell; discocellular concave, radials from close to the ends ;
middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower about one-third ; submedian
slightly curved upward from the base : hindwing short, triangular, exterior margin
very oblique, slightly convex ; cell very broad, one-third the length ; subcostaLs
from end ; upper partly joined to the costal ; discocellular concave, radial from
lower end, two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third. Body stout;
thorax with long lax teguloe ; labial palpi stout, erect, squamous, second joint rising
to level of the eyes, third joint short, broad, slightly tufted ; maxillary palpi very
slender ; antenna stout, contorted, broadly and stoutly bipectinated from the base
to about one-fourth the length, the branches being curved, finely serrated thence to the
tip, basal joint thick, and with a short thick tuft at base of the shaft ; legs smooth,
slender, spurs long, slender.
344 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLO.V.
DEBA SURRECTALIS.
Deba sun-ectaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1495 (1865), <?.
Phi/cidicera salehrialis, Snellen, Midden Sumatra, Exp. iv. 1 ; Lep. p. 71 (1880) ; Tijd. voor Eut.
1880, p. 228 ; id. 1884, p. 37, pi. 3, fig. 6,$.
Male. Brownisli-oclireoiis : forewing brigliter coloured along the costa ; witli
a transverse rather broad outwardly-curved antemedial, and an inwardly-oblique
sinuou.s line ; the latter line irregularly bent upward below end of the cell ; a black
basal spot, a punctiform spot in middle of the cell, and a lunular spot at the end :
hindwing with two trailsverse undulating medial black lines. Branches of antenna?
dusky brown ; fore tibiaa with a brown band.
Expanse Iro inch.
Genus LOTANGA.
Alhed to Bi'ha. Form of wings and venation similar. Male : palpi rather
longer, second joint keeled at the apex in front, third joint more pointed, not tufted;
antennae setaceous, slightly flattened and minutely serrated on the inner side for a
short distance beyond the base ; fore and middle tibite slightly pilose. Female :
antennas slender, setaceous, not serrated.
Tyiye, L. milvinalis.
LOTANGA MILVINALIS (Plate 183, Fig. 11).
Deha milvinalis, Svviuhoe, Ms.
Ochreous-brown : forewing with a blackish transverse narrow outwardly-curved
antemedial band, and a discal broader band which is curved inward to below end of
the cell and then descends to middle of the posterior margin ; a small blackish spot
in middle of the cell, and a streak at the end ; cilia white at the posterior end : hind-
wing with a blackish irregular discal denticulated line, and an indistinct spot at end
of the cell ; cilia white. Legs pale brownish-ochreous ; fore tibiae with ochreous-
brown bands.
Expanse (? ? ItV inch.
LOTANGA DECIUSALIS.
Botijs dcciusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M.. xviii. p. 696 (1859), ?; xix. p. 994.
Purplish ochreous-brown. Wings slightly iridescent : forewing crossed by an
obsolescent brownish antemedial hue, and an irregular rather broad discal line :
hindwing with a similar obsolescent discal line. Cilia edged with cinereous. Fore
tibiae with a brown-black terminal band.
Expanse 1\ inch.
Genus CONDEGA.
Male. Wings comparatively shorter and broader than in Lotanga. Venation
PYRALID^. 345
similar. Palpi shorter, second joint not keeled in front at the apex ; antennae
minutely pubescent, base of shaft curved, dilated, and with a subbasal conical point
in front. Body stout, abdomen rather short, smooth, anal tuft short, obtuse, tegulas
with very long and lax divergent hairs ; legs rather stout, spurs very slender,
imequal.
CONDEGA OBSCURATA (Plate 183, Fig. 12).
Male. Purplish-brown : forewing with an extremely indistinct blackish transverse
outwardly-curved nari'ow antemedial band, and an irregular postmedial band ; a spot in
middle of the cell, and a streak at tlie end : hindwing with a similar irregular discal
band. Cilia entirely brown. Tegulse with long lax divergent ochreous-brown hairs ;
abdomen cuprescent-brown, anal tuft blackish ; base of palpi and legs pale brownish-
ochreous.
Expanse 1 inch.
Genus EBULEA.
Ehulea, Guenee, in Doubleday's List of Brit. Lep. p. 14 (18.50); Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. Brit.
Mus. p. 239 (1850); Guenee, Delt. et Tyral. p. 357 (1854); Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. Brit.
Mus. p. 214 (1854).
Sitochroa (part), lliihner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 356.
Forewing rather short, broad ; cell long, three-fifths the length ; first subcostal
at one-fifth before end of the cell, second trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular bent
near the middle and lower end, radials from the angles ; middle median at one-ninth
before end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian straight, with a slender lower
recurved branch; hindwing broad, exterior margin convex in the middle ; cell one-
third the length; two subcostals from beyond the end, upper partly joined to the
costal ; discocellular very oblique, concave, radial from lower end ; middle median
close to end, lower at one-third ; a straight submedian and two internal veins. Body
slender ; labial palpi porrect, long, rather broad in the middle, projecting two-thirds
beyond the head, pointed in front, laxly squamous, third joint concealed; maxillary
palpi distinct, short, truncate at the tip ; antennae submoniliform, minutely ciliated ;
legs long, smooth, spurs rather stout, unequal.
Type, E. croceaHs.
EBULEA CELATALIS.
Boii/s celatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 6.57 (1859).
Pale ochreous-yellow; the costa of forewing and exterior borders darker coloured :
forewing crossed by an indistinct brownish-ochreous curved antemedial line, an
irregular discal denticulated line, a slight submarginal denticulated fascia, and a
lunule at end of the cell : hindwing with an indistinct irregular discal line, and
VOL. III. Y y
346 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
curved submarginal fascia. Sides of thorax oclireous ; front of head, palpi above, fore
femora aud tibia3, and middle femora brownish-ochreous ; palpi beneath and legs
white.
Expanse 1 inch.
EBULEA FIMBRIATA.
Pale ochreous-yellow : forewing with an oclireous outwardly-oblique sinuous
antemedial line, an irregular discal line, a lunule at end of the cell, and a slender
brown marginal line : hindwing with an angular discal ochreous line, and a slender
brown marginal line. Cilia ochreous, with two slender brown inner lines. Sides of
thorax, palpi above, fore femora and tibise ochreous; sides of vertex, palpi beneath,
and legs white ; base of anal segment in male ochreous-brown.
Expanse ,^j inch.
EBULEA (?) CAMILLALIS.
Ehulea {?) CuviiUaJis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 749 (1859).
" Male. Pale luteous. Wings shining, rather narrow : forewings slightly
rounded at the tips, with three oblique undulating jiartly double black lines ;
marginal points black, white-bordered, very minute ; reniforra mark large, oblique,
ferruginous, white-speckled, white-bordered : hindwings white. Palpi short, poi'rect,
compressed, extending a little beyond the head ; third joint conical, less than half-
length of second ; antennse stout, bare ; abdomen whitish, not extending beyond the
hindwings.
" Expanse 7 lines."
Uab. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L. Layard.
Genus PIONEA.
Pionea, Guenee, in Duponchel's Catal. Lep. Eur. p. 203 (1844); DoubleJay, List, B?it. Lep.
p. 14 (1850); Guunee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 367 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii.
p. 752.
Evergestis (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 354.
Margarilia (Sect. L. part), Stephens, Illust. Brit. Eut. iv. p. 57.
Wings broad : forewing moderately short, triangular ; cell nearly two-thirds the
length ; first subcostal at one-third before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth from the
end ; discocellular concave, bent near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle
median fi'om angle close to end of cell, lower at fully one-third ; submedian straight,
with a slender recurved lower branch : hindwing short, exterior margin convex ;
cell one-third the length ; subcostals from the end, upper partly joined to costal ;
discocellular obliquely concave, radial from extreme lower end ; middle median from
PYRALID^. 347
close to end of cell, lower at one-third ; a straight submedian and two internal veins.
Body moderately slender ; anal tuft conspicuous ; labial palpi oblique, first joint
broad, rounded in front, second joint short, triangidarly dilated with scales at tip ;
third joint linear, decumbent ; maxillary palpi very distinct, linear ; antennge rather
stout, simple ; legs long, tibiae squamous, spurs moderate, unequal.
Type, P. margaritalis.
PIONEA. BREVIALIS.
Pionea hrevialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 759 (1859).
Yellowish-ochreous : forewing crossed by an outwardly-oblique slender ochreous-
brown sinuous antemedial line, and an outwardly-curved postmedial line ; the
medial area clouded with ochreous-brown scales ; a slender brown reuiform
mark : hindwing paler, brightest externally. Cilia whitish, with brown inner line.
Body, head, palpi above, and bands on forelegs yellowish-ochreous ; palpi beneath
and legs white.
Expanse to inch.
Genus GODARA.
Godara, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 808 (1859) ; LeJerer, Pyial. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii.
p. 383 (1863).
Male. Wings short : forewing broad, costa very convex at the base, exterior
margin very slightly oblique, posterior margin slightly lobate and fringed in the
middle ; cell about two-thirds the length ; first subcostal at one-third before end of
the cell, third bifid, close to its end, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, concave, I'adials from close to its ends ; middle median close to end of cell,
lower at nearly one-half ; submedian curved at the base, with a slender curved lower
bi'anch. On the upper side is a reflexed tuft of hairs near the base of the costa, and
on the under side is a row of rigid hairs extending from near the base below the
median vein to its lower branch, these hairs being projected forward: hindwing
broad, apex and exterior margin very convex ; cell more than one-third the length,
broad ; costal and subcostals much recurved ; two subcostals from end of cell, upper
slightly joined to costal ; discocellular very slender, oblique, concave, radial and
upper median from extended lower end; middle median from close to end, lower at
nearly one-half before the end, dilated at its base and recurved ; submedian also
recurved and touching the dilated portion of the median ; two curved internal veins.
Body slender, abdomen keeled above ; labial palpi obliquely ascending, first joint
broad and rounded in front, compressed, laxly squamous, second joint triangular,
third short, almost linear; maxillary palpi erect, linear, extending to end of
second joint of labial; antenna3 short, thick, filiform; legs rather stout and
y y 2
348 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
short, fore tibia) and its basal joint of tarsi, and middle tibiae pilose, spurs slender,
unequal.
Female. No costal tuft on the upper side, and no tuft on the under side of the
forcwing; veius of hindwing normal ; middle tibias not pilose.
GODARA COMALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 2, 2a ^ q , 26 larva).
Fionea comalis, Giieiiee, Delt. et Pyi'al. p. 368 (1854), $ .
Goclnra coinalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 809 (1859); Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Mouat.
vii. p. 383, pi. 12, f. 6; Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1883, p. 134.
Pionea mco7na/is', Guenee, Delt. et. Pyral. p. 369, ? .
Male. Pale ochreous : forewing more or less speckled with cinereous-brown or
brownish-ochreous scales, which are mostl_y clustered about the discal area ; crossed
by a more or less defined curved subbasal and an antemedial pale-bordered blackish
denticulated line, and a similar recurved postmedial line, followed by a marginal
row of minute black points ; two superposed black-bordered pure white spots at end
of the cell ; a curved refiexed tuft of grey and black hairs near base of the costa ;
cilia edged with cinereous, and continued along the posterior margin to the lobe,
wdiere it is edged with black : hindwing ochreous-white, the apical border brownish,
with minute marginal dots. Thorax, head, and forelegs pale ochreous, speckled
with brown ; abdomen ochreous-white, tip brown.
Female. Paler : forewing with the white spots less defined ; no costal tuft on
the upper side, and no lengthened tuft beneath.
Expanse $ A, ? -fu inch.
Larva moderately stout ; pale violaceous-brown ; with a paler dorsal band, and
two lateral rows of black dots bordered by a lower white line, below whicli are
some minute black dots ; head red ; second segment with a black dorsal band ;
front legs black. Pupa pale red ; short and thick ; head rounded, anal extremity
obtuse.
Genus UDEA.
Udea, Gia'ace, in Duponchel's Catal. Lep. Eur. p. 209 (1844); Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. Brit. jMus.
p. 240 (ISoO).
Margaritiii (part) Stephens.
tSccqnda (group 4), Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 398.
Forewing elongated, hardly triangular; cell about three-fifths the length ; first
subcostal at one-fifth before end of the cell, third trifid, fifth from the end ; disco-
cellular concave, radials from near middle and lower end ; middle median from angle
close to end, lower at one-third ; submedian straight, with a slender recurved lower
branch : hindwing triangular, exterior margin convex ; cell one-third the length at
PYRALIDyE. 349
its upper end, half at its lower end ; subcostals from beyond end of cell, upper partly
joined to the costal ; discocellular very oblique, concave, radial from extended lower
end; middle median from close to end, lower at nearly half; a straight submedian
and two internal veins. Body slender; labial palpi porrect, long, straight beneath,
laxly squamous ; maxillary palpi oblique, short, squamous ; antenuce filiform ; legs
smooth, spurs moderately long, slender, outer spur very short.
Ttjije, U. ferrugalis.
UDEA HYPATIALIS.
Scopiila Ui/patialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. E. M. xix. p. 1014 (ISoO).
Pale browuish-ochreous : forewing crossed by a very indistinct slender blackish
denticulated antemedial line, a recurved postmedial line, and a row of minute
maro-inal points ; an elongated large blackish orbicular spot and a large reniform
mark ; cilia cinereous-brown : hindwing whitish-ochreous, with an indistinct discal
line, marginal points, and a dot at end of the cell. Thorax, head, and palpi above,
pale brownish-ochreous ; palpi beneath and legs whitish.
Expanse rn inch.
UDEA MACH-SRALIS.
Scojmla Madtccralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 1013 (1839).
Ochreous-yellow : forewing crossed by a very indistinct ochreous antemedial
line, an irregular postmedial hne, and a marginal line ; a slight lunule at end of the
cell ; hindwing whitish along the costal border ; with indistinct ochreous discal
irregular line, and a marginal line. Palpi beneath, legs, and body beneath white, fore
tibite ochreous-yellow.
Expanse tv inch. r
UDEA MANDRONALIS.
Scojmla MandronaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 1014 (1859).
Pale ochreous-brown : forewing crossed by a very indistinct diffuse brown
curved antemedial line, and an irregular discal hne ; a spot at end of the cell. Sides
of the vertex, palpi beneath, and legs white ; fore femora and tibi^, and middle
femora brown.
Expanse to inch.
UDEA EXIMIALIS.
Scojmla cxwualis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1471 (1865).
Forewing bright ochreous-yellow, with a slender cinereous-black marginal line ;
cilia silvery-white : hindwing paler ; cilia white. Body, head, palpi above, and bauds
on forelegs ochreous-yellow ; palpi beneath and legs pure white.
Expanse tV inch.
330 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
UDEA(?) SUFFTISALIS.
Scopiila siiffnsidis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1471 (1865).
Dark purplish-lirown. Wings slightly glaucescent : forewing crossed by a
cupreous nearly straight antemedial line, a recurved postmedial lunular line,
and a marginal line; reniforni mark cupreous: hindwiug with a short cupi^eous
inner line from below end of the cell, an undulated discal line, and a marginal line.
Cilia with a cupreous inner line. Thorax and base of abdomen, palpi, and fore
and middle tibiaa above dark purple-brown ; anal segments of abdomen, and legs
ochreous ; head dull ochreous, the front edged with white ; tarsi white.
Expanse f inch.
Genus PALIGA.
Male. Forewing broad, triangular ; exterior margin slightly convex ; cell more
than half the length; first subcostal at one-fourth before end of the cell, second
trifid ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radials from the ends ; middle
median from angle close to end, lower at fully one-fourth ; submedian straight, with
a slender lower recurved branch : hindwing broad, exterior margin very convex ;
cell one-third the length ; subcostals from the end ; upper partly joined to the
costal ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial from lower end ; two upper
medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; a submedian and two internal veins.
Body rather stout, thorax robust ; abdomen keeled above ; labial j^alpi poiTCCt,
rostriform, pointed in front, broad at the base, laxly squamous, third joint concealed ;
maxillary palpi oblique, laxly scaled at tip and truncate ; antennse filiform ; legs
rather shoi't, middle tibi?e incrassated and slightly fringed ; spurs moderately long,
unequal.
PALIGA DAMASTESALIS.
Scapula Damastesalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 1013 (1859).
Ochreous-yellow : forewing with the veins dull crimson-speckled, the speckles
being most distinct in the male; crossed by a dull crim.son-speckled subbasal and
an antemedial outwardly-oblique zigzag line, and an inwardly-oblique recurved
discal denticulated line, followed by a less defined sinuous submarginal line, and a
marginal pointed line ; a crimson spot in middle of cell and a lunule at the end ;
cilia with a crimson inner line : hindwing paler yellow, semihyaline, with a slight
crimson marginal pointed line ; cilia entirely yellow. Thorax, head, and palpi
above ochreous-yellow ; thorax crimson-speckled ; abdomen and legs paler yellow ;
fore and middle tibiae with ochreous-yellow streak above.
Expanse 1% to tV inch.
PVRALTD.^. 3.51
Genus DOSARA.
Dosara, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 828 (1859).
"Wings small : forewing rather long, narrow, apex pointed, exterior margin
oblique ; cell long, extending two-tliirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-
fourth before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular concave
in the middle, radials from near the ends ; middle median from angle close
to end, lower at one-third ; submedian straight, with a slender recurved lower
branch : bindwing rather long, narrow, apex rounded, exterior margin convex in
the middle ; cell one-third the length at its upper end, more than half at its lower
end ; two snbcostals from beyond the end, upper partly joined to the costal ;
discocellular very long and oblique, concave at upper end, radial and upper
median from extreme lower end, middle median very close to end, lower at nearly
one-third ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body moderately slender ; labial
palpi porrect, rostriform, pointed in front, laxly squamous beneath ; maxillary
palpi distinct ; antennte simple ; legs slender, smooth, spurs moderately long,
unequal.
Tijpe, D. cajlatalis.
DOSARA CSLATALIS.
Dosara ca:latalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 829 (1859).
Forewing pale ochreous, more or less clouded with brownish or reddish-
ochreous ; a yellowish streak tipt with minute black scales below base of the cell,
some indistinct brown-speckles representing the orbicular and reniform mark ; a
prominent denticulated diffuse black-speckled submarginal line with yellowish outer
border, beyond which is a marginal black-pointed line ; cilia with a blackish inner
line : hindwing and abdomen whitish-ochreous. Thorax, head, and palpi above
ochreous ; palpi beneath and legs white.
Expanse tV inch.
DOSARA LAPSALIS.
Dosara lapsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 829 (1859).
Forewing pale ochreous-brown; with a dark brown fascia along the exterior
border : hindwing cinereous-ochreous, slightly brownish along the exterior border.
Cilia whitish-cinereous. Palpi and legs pale cinereous-brown ; abdomen ochreous-
brown.
Expanse A inch.
352 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus MECYNA.
Meojna, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 406 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 804;
Meyiick, Trans. Enf. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 326.
Uresiphita (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 353.
Forewing long, exterior margin oblique ; cell tliree-fifths the length ; first sub-
costal at one-fifth before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth curved from the end of
cell; discocellular slightly concave, radial from angle close to ends ; middle median
close to end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian curved, with a slender lower
recurved branch: hindwing broad, exterior margin convex; cell short, less than
one-third the length ; subcostals fi'om Ijeyond end of cell, upper partly joined to
costal; discocellular very slender, obliquely concave, i-adial from lower end; two
upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fifth; a curved submedian and two
internal veins. Body moderately stout, abdomen extending beyond hindwings ;
labial palpi long, porrect, rostriform, tip slightly decumbent and attenuated, squa-
mous ; maxillary palpi short, distinct, dilated with lax scales at the tip ; antennre
minutely pubescent in male ; legs long, bare, middle tibias in male broadly flattened,
with a slight groove on inner side containing a slight tuft ; spurs long, unequal.
Type, M. polygonalis.
MECYNA DEPRIVALIS (Plate 179, Fig \S, 1(« larva).
Mecyna deprivalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 806 (1859).
Forewing ferruginous ; crossed by a slender black outwardly-oblique undulated
antemedial line, and a recurved postmedial denticulated line, the intermedial area
being finely speckled with black scales, and with a blackish lunular mark at end of
cell ; hindwing ochreous-yellow, with an excavated bordered blackish marginal band,
which terminates before the anal angle. Thorax, head, and palpi above ferruginous ;
palpi beneath and legs yellowish-white ; fore tibi^ brownish ; abdomen above
ochreous-yellow.
Expanse 1 inch.
Larva rather stout ; green above, olivaceous beneath ; with a dorsal, subdorsal,
lateral, and two sublateral rows of black spots, the subdorsal dotted with white;
the latter with short intermediate yellow oblique streaks ; head and a band on legs
Ijlack. Pupa red ; obtusely pointed at the ends.
Genus DYSALLACTA,
Bi/saUacta, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Moiiat. vii. p. 393 (1863).
Forewing narrow, elongated, triangular ; cell long, extending more than half
the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second and
third close to end, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular slender, outwardly
PYRALID^. 353
oblique, concave, radials from the ends ; middle median from angle close to end of
cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian recurved : hindwing triangular ; cell more
than one-third the length, broad ; subcostals from end, upper partly joined to the
costal ; discocellular slightly angular in the middle, radial from lower end ; middle
median from angle close to end of cell, ?ower at one-fourth ; a submedian and two
internal veins. Body rather stout ; anal tuft short and thick ; labial palpi large,
porrect, projecting more than half beyond the head, compressed, laxly squamous,
broad, pointed in front, third joint concealed ; maxillary palpi distinct, obliquely
ascending, short, laxly squamous ; antennae I'ather thick, setaceous, with a conical
appendage projecting at the base of the shaft; legs smooth, inner spurs very long,
slender, outer spurs short.
DYSALLACTA NEGATALIS.
Phalangiodes Negatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 468 (1859).
Bysallacta Negatalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 393, pi. 13, fig. 6 (1863), $.
Botys Monesiisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 653 (1859).
Botys Phanasalis, Walker, id. p. 727 (1859).
Pale purplish-cinereous. Wings hyaline, opalescent : forewing crossed by five
blackish-bordered brownish-ochreous zigzag bauds, the two outer bands with their
inner edge denticulated ; a black orbicular spot, and a reniform mark in the middle
band : hindwincr with a short black and ochreous streak on the discocellular and
base of median veins, and a fuliginous-bordered denticulated brownish-ochreous
marginal band. Cilia with a brown inner line. Body, head, and palpi brown-
speckled ; abdomen with blackish-speckled dorsal bauds, and a black aual tuft in
male ; fore tibiae and all the tarsi with brown bauds ; middle tibi^ with longitudinal
brown streaks.
Expanse IxV inch.
Genus NOORDA.
Noorda, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 978 (1859).
Forewing narrow, rather long, apex obtuse, exterior margin hardly oblique ; cell
long, extending two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before
end of the cell, second free, third bifid, fifth from end of the cell ; discocellular out-
wardly oblique, radials from near the ends ; middle median from close to end of cell,
lower at nearly one-third ; submedian straight : hindwing rather long and broad ;
exterior margin very oblique, slightly convex ; cell broad, extending about two-fifths
the length ; subcostals from end, upper branch joined for a short distance above its
end to the costal ; discocellular very oblique, deeply concave, radial from extended
lower end ; middle median close to end, lower about one-third ; submedian and
internal veins slightly curved. Body rather stout; labial palpi long, smoothly
VOL. III. z z
354 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
squamous, second joiut sliglitly ascending, third joint porrect, subclavate, almost as
long as the second, with which it forms a slight angle; maxillary palpi distinct, laxly
squamous, ascending; antennae slender, simple; legs rather short, smooth, spurs
long, slender.
NOORDA BLITEALIS (Plate 178, Fig. 11).
Koorda hlitealis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Met. B. M. xix. p. 979 (1859).
Scapula svbjectalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1472 (1865).
Forewing dark olive-brown, black- speckled ; the speckles partly confluent and
forming short strig^ ; a black-speckled transverse curved medial line, an oblique
spot at end of the cell, an oblique angulated submarginal line, and a straight marginal
line; the lines bordered with chalybeous scales in some lights ; a whitish lower basal
spot, and tlie discal area also slightly whitish : hindwing purplish-white, hyaline,
with a cupreous-brown marginal baud ; cilia white, with an inner brown line. Body
brown ; abdomen with chalybeous iridescent black-bordered bands ; fore tibiae and
tarsi with brown bands.
Expanse to to ttt inch.
Genus SCOPARIA.
Scopmia, Hawortli, Lep. Brit. p. 498 (1812); Guenee, Delt. et Pyr.al. p. 416; Walker, Catal. Lep.
Het. B. M. six. p. 814 ; Meyrick, Traus. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1884, p. 346.
Gesneria, Iliibner, Verz. bek. Schniett, p. 368 (182.3-7).
Eudorca, Cuvt\s,Bv\t. Ent. iv. fol. 170(1828) ; Duponchel, Lep. Fr. viii. 2, p. 12(1831); Stephens, Brit.
Ent. Haust. iv. p. 214 ; Duponchel, Eur. Lep. p. 319; Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. pt. xii.
p. 21 (1852).
Scopc^a, Ilaworth, Lep. Brit. p. 390 (1829).
Forewing narrow, rather long ; cell two-thirds the length ; first subcostal at
one-fourth before end of the cell, second and third near the end, third bifid ; disco-
cellular slender, erect, bent near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle median
from near end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian with a short recurved
lower branch : hindwing rather long, broad, exterior margin convex ; cell fully half
the length ; subcostals from beyond end of the cell, upper slightly touching the
costal ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, deeply concave, radial curved upward from
lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower about one-third ; a submedian
and two internal veins. Body slender; labial palpi porrect, rostriform, projecting
two-thirds beyond the head, laxly squamous ; maxillary palpi long, standing out
above labial, dilated with lax scales at the tip; autennte filiform; legs rather thick
and short, tibife clothed with fine hairy scales, spurs unequal.
Type, S. Pyralella.
SCOPARIA CONGESTAIIS.
Scopnria congestalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. liet. B. M. xix. p. 826 (1859).
Cmereous. Forewing densely speckled with browu scales; crossed by an
rYRALIDJE. 35.5
outwardlj^-oblique Tvaved antemedial white line, and an inwardly-oblique undulated
postmedial line ; a slight whitish orbicular and reniform mark ; cilia cinereous-white,
with a slight brown inner line. Thorax, head, palpi above, and legs brown-speckled ;
palpi beneath whitish ; abdomen cinereous.
Expanse 1% inch.
SCOPAEIA MURIFICALIS.
Scoparia murificalis. Walker, Catal. Lej). Het. B. M. xix. p. 826 (1859).
Whitish-cinereous. Forewing tliickly speckled with brown scales ; crossed by
an ill-defined antemedial dentated white-bordered black-speckled lino, and a similar
outwardly-curved postmedial denticulated line ; a blackish orbicular and reniform
mark, and a spot below the former; a marginal row of confluent spots; cilia
with alternate brown inner row of spots : hindwing and abdomen pale whitish-
cinereous. Thorax, head, and palpi brown-speckled ; fore and middle legs with
brown bands.
Expanse tV inch.
Genus HELLULA.
Hellula, Guenee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 415 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 813 (1859):
Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 351 (1863); Meyrick, Tr. Eiit. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 316.
Oehia (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek, Schmett. p. 362.
Male. Forewing hardly elongate, triangular, exterior margin moderately oblique ;
cell very long, extending two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth
before end of the cell, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular outwardly obhque,
slightly concave, radials from close to each end ; middle median from close to end
of cell, lower nearly one-third : hindwing somewhat broad ; costal vein tumid at the
base, much recurved ; cell two-fifths the length ; subcostals from the end ; disco-
cellular very obliquely concave, radial from extreme lower end ; two upper medians
from end of cell, lower at one-third. Body slender; labial palpi slightly ascending ;
second joint broadly quadrate, third joint short, very distinct, truncate ; maxillary
palpi minute ; antennce rather thick, filiform ; legs slender, spurs nearly equal.
Type, H. undalis.
HELLULA UNDALIS.
Phalcena undalis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 226 (1794).
Pyralis undalis, Hiibner, Pyral. 19, 7, pi. 14, f. 93 ; Treitscbke, Sch. Eiir. vii. p. 128; Dupoucbel,
Lep. Fr. viii. p. 160, pi. 221, f. 1 ; H. Scba^ff. Eur. Sebmett. iv. p. 10, 1, pi. 8, f. 54.
Hellida undalis, Giieuee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 416 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 813.
Oebia undulalis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sebmett. p. 362 (1825-7).
Scojmria alconalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xi.^:. p. 827 (1859).
Scoparia optatusalis. Walker, id. p. 1018 (1859).
Forewing pale brownish-ochreous ; crossed by a very slender subbasal, ante-
z z 2
356 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
medial, and a postmedial irregular denticulated wliite line ; the outer line curved
outward beyond the cell ; a marginal row of white-bordered black dots : hindwing
cinereous-white, the outer border with a slender pale brownish-ochreous marginal
line. Cilia white, with pale brown inner line. Body pale brownish-ochreous ; palpi
and legs whitish; tip of palpi brownish.
Expanse -rs inch.
Genus NOMOPHILA.
iV'omo/)/;//!^, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 368(1825-7); Stepbens, Brit. Ent. Haust. iv. p. 312 ;
Ledeier, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 379; Meyiick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 306.
Stenopteryx, GiK-nee, in Dnpoucbel's Catal. Lep. Eur. p. 209 (1844) ; Delt. et Pjral. p. 413 ; Walker,
Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 811.
Forewing long, very narrow, exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell very long,
nearly two-thirds the length ; first subcostal about one-sixth before end of the cell,
second and third close to the end, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular con-
cave in the middle, bent near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle median from
angle close to end of cell, lower at one-fifth ; submedian with a slender recurved,
lower branch : hindwing long, rather broad, triangular, apex produced, exterior
margin convex ; cell about half the length ; subcostals from beyond end of the cell,
upper partly joined to the costal ; discocellular outwardly oblique, radial from lower
end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fifth ; a submedian and two
internal veins. Body slender ; labial palpi porrect, rostriform, pointed at the tip,
laxly squamous, third joint concealed; maxillary palpi very short, filiform; legs
long, slender, smooth ; spurs slender, unequal, hind spurs rather short.
NOMOPHILA NOCTUELLA.
Tinea voctuella, Scbiff. Wien. Veiz. p. 136 (1776).
Nomophila noctuella, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 379 ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond,
1884, p. 306.
Pijralls hi/hridalis, Hiibner, Pyral. 29, 20, pi. 17, fig. 114 (1797).
Nomophila hijhridalis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scliractt. p. 368 ; Stepbens, Illiist. Brit. Ent. Haust. iv.
p. 312.
Stenopteryx hyhridalis, Guenee, in Duponcbel's Catal. Lep. Eur. p. 209 ; Delt. et Pyral. p. 414 ;
Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 812.
Cinereous-brown : forewino- with some indistinct blackish subbasal streaks, a
transverse antemedial line, a large constricted blackish-bordered darker-brown mark
extending across middle of the cell to the submedian, a similar smaller mark at end
of the cell, followed by an irregular discal denticulated line and marginal points ;
some costal black points before the apex ; these markings are all less defined in the
male : hindwing paler cinereous-brown. Cilia cinereous-white. Thorax blackish-
PIIYCiriDyE. 35
speckled; abdomen pale cinereous-brown; palpi above and legs above cinereous-
brown ; palpi and legs beneath white.
Expanse 1 to I5- inch.
Family PHYCITIDiE.
Forewiugs oblong, or elongate, slightly folded in repose, antennje simple in
male, often curved near the base, sometimes with a tuft of scales in the curve;
labial palpi generally of moderate length and ascending, sometimes long and por-
rected ; maxillary palpi usually penicillate or filiform, generally concealed, sometimes
absent.
Larva with 16 legs. Feeds on the leaves or on the stems of plants ; some in dried
animal or vegetable substances ; generally spinning silken galleries.
Genus ANERASTIA.
Anerastia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 367 (1825-7) ; Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 177 ; Guenee, Micro.
p. 84 (1845); Stainton, Catal. Tin. p. 4 (1849).
Araxes, Stepbeus, Iliust. Haust. iv. p. 315 (1834).
Ahraxes, Curtis, Guide, 2ud ed. p. 207 (1837).
Forewing narrow, long, costa arched, exterior margin oblique, convex; cell
two-thirds the length ; first subcostal about one- seventh before end of the cell,
second close to end, third bifid ; discocellular bent near upper end, radial from the
angle ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-eighth ; submedian straight :
hindwing ample ; two subcostals from end of cell, upper joined to costal to nearly
half its length ; cell deeply concave ; medians from end of the cell, the two upper
on a footstalk half beyond the cell ; submedian and two internal veins widely separated.
Body slender ; antennae flattened, submoniliform ; head prominently convex ; labial
palpi porrect, long, second joint pilose above, third joint nearly half-length of second ;
maxillary palpi very minute ; legs squamous, spurs unequal.
Type, A. lotalis, Hiibn.
ANERASTIA ADAPTELLA.
Pmpelia adaptella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 74 (1863).
" Male. Fawn colour : forewings dingy yellowish, minutely black speckled :
hindwings whitish, semihyaline. Abdomen cinereous."
Expanse to inch.
ANERASTIA CELSELLA.
Araxes Cdsella, Walker, CataL Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 193 (1863).
Forewing ochreous ; with the costal border broadly and the posterior border
358 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
slightly reddisli-oclireous : hiudwing ochreous-wliite. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs
reddish-ochreous.
Expanse f inch.
ANERASTIA INFICITA.
Acrohasis inficita, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 30 (1863).
" Pale dull straw-colour: forewings mostly clouded with brownish-cinereous;
subniarginal line pale, denticulated : hindwings paler, slightly hyaline.
" Expanse f inch."
Genus HOMCEOSOMA.
Ilommsoma, Curtis, Ent. Mag. i. p. 190 (1833) ; Stephens, Illiist. Haust. iv. p. 311 (183-1); Zeller,
Isis, 1848, p. 599 ; Staintoii, Catal. Tin. p. 4 (1849) ; id. Manual, ii. p. 169 (1859).
Wings small. Forewing long, very narrow ; cell two-thirds the length ; first
subcostal about one-fourth before end of cell, second and third from angle near the
end, third bifid at its tip, fifth from the end of cell ; discocelliilar concave, radial
and upper median on a footstalk at more than half beyond the cell, middle and lower
median at equal distances near end of cell ; submedian straight : hindwing narrow,
apex convex, exterior margin very oblique, convex ; cell one-third the length ; two
subcostals from beyond end of the cell, upper coalescent with costal from near the
base to near its tip ; discocellular slightly concave, no radial ; three medians, the
middle branch very close to end of cell, lower at nearly one-third before the end,
submedian and two internal veins widely separated. Body slender; antennge of
male thick, flattened, finely pubescent in front ; labial palpi porrect, slender, project-
ing half beyond the head, clothed with fine hairy scales ; maxillary palpi short ; legs
rather stout, squamous, spurs slender, unequal.
Type, H. sinuella.
HOMCEOSOMA (?) IINCUSALIS.
Homaosoma (.') Lincusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 26 (1863).
" Male. Very pale fawn-colour, whitish-cinereous beneath. Forewings rect-
angular at the tips ; exterior border hardly oblique ; a slight black line in the disc
near the base, and another extending from the reniform mark towards the exterior
border ; reniform mark whitish, accompanied by a black point ; a lanceolate black
streak in the disc behind it ; marginal points black : hindwings whitish-cinereous.
Palpi porrect, lanceolate, as long as the breadth of the head, third joint conical.
" Expanse I'i lines."
JInh. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard.
PHYCITIDM. 359
HOMffiOSOMA (?) GETUSALIS.
Homccosoma (?) Geliisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 26 (186.3).
" Male. Whitish-cinereous, brownish-cinereous beneath. Forewings rectangular
at the tips, exterior border rather oblique, interior angle much rounded ; a blackish
line at one-third of the breadth from the costa ; marginal points black : hindwings
brownish-cinereous. Palpi porrect, not longer than the breadth of the head, second
joint slightly tufted above, third acutely conical, about half-length of second ; an-
tenniB stout ; abdomen extending somewhat beyond the hindwings, apical tuft rather
long.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Eab. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard .
Genus ACROBASIS.
Acrobasis, Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 176 ; id. 1848, p. 606 ; Staiuton, Catal. Tin. p. 5 (1849) ; id. Manual
ii. p. 170 (1859).
Wings small. Forewing rather long, narrow, broadest at the end ; cell two-
thirds the length ; first subcostal at one-fourth before end of cell, second and third
near the end, third bifid at half its length, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular concave,
radial from lower end ; middle and lower median close to end of cell ; submedian
straight : hindwing rather broad, exterior margin convex in middle ; cell nearly half
the length, narrow ; two subcostals from the end, upper joined to costal to about
half its length ; discocellular very concave, veiy oblique posteriorly, radial and upper
median on a footstalk at nearly half beyond the cell, middle median from end of cell,
lower at about one-fourth before the end ; a submedian and two internal veins.
Body slender ; labial palpi curved upward, rather slender, finely squamous, third
joint pointed ; maxillary palpi short, slender, pointed ; autennte slender, finely
pubescent in front ; legs stout, tarsi short, spurs rather short, unequal.
Type, A. consociella.
ACROBASIS LIGERALIS.
Mi/elois LifjemJis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. j\I. xxvii. p. 37 (1863).
Forewing lilacine-grey ; slightly clouded with brown and thinly speckled with
black scales ; the black scales being clustered at the base ; crossed by an undulated
medial and a submargiual slender black line, followed by a straight marginal line :
hindwing whitish, semihyaline, with a slender brown marginal line. Body, palpi,
and legs lilacine-grey ; base of palpi, tibiis, and tarsi with brown bands.
Expanse -fii inch.
360 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus AURANA.
Aurana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 122 (1863).
Female. Forewiug elongate, rather narrow, apex hardly acute, exterior margin
slightly convex and oblique ; cell two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at
one-fourth before end of the cell, second and third approximate, third bifid, fifth
from the end ; discocellular oblique, radial from lower end ; median branches recurved,
middle and lower branches from close to end of the cell ; submedian curved at the
base : hindwiug ample, triangular ; cell one-third the length ; two subcostals from
end, upper partly joined to the costal; discocellular concave, radial and upper median
on a footstalk half beyond the cell ; middle median from end of the cell, lower at
one-third before the end ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body rather stout ;
labial palpi obliquely ascending, curved, second joint reaching level of the vertex,
squamous, third joint lanceolate, nearly as long as the second ; maxillary palpi
prominent, extending to nearly end of the second joint of labial, squamous ; antennae
simple ; legs short, very stout, hind spurs long, slender, unequal.
AURANA ACTIOSELLA.
Avrana Actiosella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 122 (1863).
Female. Forewiug cinereous purplish-brown, sparsely speckled with darker
brown scales ; with a broad white triangular transverse subbasal brown-margined
patch, and a similar white broad costal outer patch, followed by a brown-bordered
white submarginal line, and a row of small black marginal spots ; two small black
spots also at end of the cell within the costal patch : hind wing cinereous, slightly
hyaline, the veins brownish. Cilia cinereous, with brown inner line. Body cinereous-
brown ; palpi and legs cinereous-white, with dark brown bands.
Expanse xV inch.
Genus SALEBRIA.
Sah'lina, Ragonot, Monog. Phycitidre (MS.).
" Forewing rather elongate, narrow at the base, widening before the apex, slightly
convex on the costa towards the apex. Venation ordinary : forewiugs with 9 from
the cell ; 4 and 5 converging to a point, but separate ; hindwings with 8 veins ; 3
and 5 appear to be on a long stem. Palpi ascending ; maxillary palpi in form of a
yellowish pencil of hairs ; antenuEe much thickened, flattened laterally, slightly curved
towards its base, the joints in the curve produced into distinct brown horny teeth
without any trace of scales, basal joint long and thick."
SALEBRIA UNDULATELLA.
Acrohasis undulatella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1711 (1866).
Forewing cinereous violaceous-brown, very sparsely black-speckled ; anterior
PIIYCITID.^E. 361
border thickly speckled witli lioary white scales; crossed by a medial and a sub-,
marginal black -speckled bordered ferruginous band, the inner band acutely bent out-
ward in middle of the cell, the outer baud undulated and bent acutely inward at the
lower median vein ; a black-specklod lunular spot at end of the cell, and a marginal
lunular line : hindwiug and abdomen pale cinereous-brown ; cilia whitish. Thorax
violaceous-brown, hoary speckled ; head, palpi, and legs hoary white, with brown
bands.
Expanse t\j inch.
" Closely allied to the European S. iialumheUa, Fabr. Darker coloured ; the
hindwing being almost as dark tinted as the forewing. On the forewiug the medial
band is distinctly more acutely angulated within the cell." (Bagoiiot, MS.)
SALEBRIA MINTJTELLA.
Sidehria minutcUa, Ragouot, Moiiogr. PhycidiE (MS.).
" Forewing grey, tinged with pale brown in the basal area and along the dorsal
fold, the median space with numerous scattered black scales, hence darker than the
rest of the wing ; the lines which limit it hardly darker, indistinct ; a rather long
patch of black scales on the inner margin at some distance before the first line, and
produced towards it along the dorsal vein ; the first line begins a little before the
middle of the costa, is slightly oblique and indented on the dorsal fold ; the second
line is also slightly oblique, indented on the discal and dorsal folds and produced on
the median nervures ; it is followed at some distance by an indistinct dark line ;
cilia grey, with two fuscous lines and preceded by a series of small black spots :
hindwings semi-transparent, pale fuscous, darker on the nervures and along the hind
margin ; cilia white, with a fuscous line at the base. Head, thorax, and palpi
greyish, with brownish scales ; antennae greyish-brown ; abdomen greyish-brown,
anal segment yellowish, beneath yellowish, the anal extremity brownish ; legs and
body beneath grej'ish.
" Expanse 15 m."
Hah. Ceylon.
" Somewhat resembles *S^. mimdnJis, Walker, but is smaller, the latter having a
large tuft of scales in the curve of the antennjB, and the joints are not produced."
{Bagonot, MS.)
Genus CANTHELIA.
Canthelia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1726 (1866).
Forewing narrow ; cell tliree-fifths the length ; first subcostal at about one-
fourth before end of the cell, second free, third bifid, fifth from end of cell ; disco-
cellular slightly concave, radial from lower end ; middle median close to end of the
VOL. III. 3 A
;i,32 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
cell, lower about oue-eightli ; submedian straight : liindwing long, ample ; cell one-
third the length ; two subcostals from end of cell, base of upper slightly joined to the
costal ; discocellular concave ; radial and upper median on a footstalk at more than
half beyond the cell, middle median from end of cell, lower at one-fourth before the
end ; submedian and two internal veins straight. Body moderately stout ; front of
head conical ; labial palpi curved, ascending, squamous in front, second joint reaching
the vertex, third joint lanceolate, about half-length of second ; maxillary palpi short ;
antenna3 stout, flattened, smooth ; legs stout, smooth, spurs uneqvial.
CANTHELIA iEGNUSALIS.
Pyralh (egnusalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 903 (1859).
Homcposoma gratella. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 26 (1863).
Canthelia gratella, Walker, id. xxxv. p. 1727 (1866).
Forewing dull ochreous-yellow ; with a purplish-red curved streak from base of
the cell to near middle of posterior margin, followed by a transverse medial speckled
streak, a linear mark at end of the cell, a waved discal transverse streak, and a
broader marginal band, these markings being slightly confluent : hindwing paler,
with a slight bi'own marginal line. Body and legs dull ochreous-yellow ; front of
thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs above purplish-red.
Expanse f to i inch.
CANTHELIA LATERITIALIS.
Eurhodope lateritialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 74 (1863).
Nephopteryx concoloreUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1721 (1866).
Forewing brick-red; costa whitish; with three indistinct chalybeous-black
longitudinal fasciiB, which are partly confluent near the base ; cilia cinereous-brown :
hindwing pale cinereous-brown ; thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs brick-red ; abdomen,
middle and hindlegs paler.
Expanse tV inch.
Genus NEPHOPTERYX.
Nephopieryx, Hubner, Verz. bek. Sohmett. p. 370 (1825-7) ; Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 179.
Forewing long, costa slightly arched near end ; cell two-thirds the length ; first
subcostal about one-sixth before end of cell, second from end, trifid ; discocellular
outwardly oblique, bent near iqiper end and concave hindward, upper radial from
the angle, lower radial and upper median from end of cell, middle median close to
the end, lower at about one-eighth ; submedian straight : hindwing ample ; cell one-
third the length ; two subcostals from beyond end of the cell, upper partly joined to
costal from the base; discocellular deeply concave, lower end prolonged, radial and
nn'CITID.E. 363
uj^per median on a footstalk at nearly half beyond end of the cell, middle median from
end of cell, lower at nearly one-tliird before the end ; a submedian and two internal
veins. Body slender ; labial palpi obliquely ascending, rather slender, squamous,
apical joint very short; maxillary palpi distinct, slender; antennte thick, finely
pubescent in front, base of shaft twisted and somewhat tumid ; legs rather stout,
short, squamous, spurs slender, unequal.
Type, N. rhenella.
NEPHOPTERYX ACISALIS.
Neplwpterijx adsalis, Walker, Ciital. Lep. Hot. B. M. xxvii. p. 66 (1863).
Cinereous-brown : forewing crossed by indistinct cinereous -bordered blackish
denticulated lines, of w^hich the antemedial and postraedial are more distinctly black
pointed ; a black spot at end of the cell, and a marginal row of black spots : hind-
wing, body, and legs paler cinereous-brown ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse d tu inch.
NEPHOPTERYX PHYCISELLA.
Nephoptenjx Phycisella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 957 (1864).
" Female. Ferruginous-cinereous ; forewing speckled with ferruginous, and
with a blackish oblique interior band, which is concise on the inner side and diffuse
exteriorly ; hindwing cinereous. Thorax with a blackish band; abdomen cinereous.
" Expanse 12 lines."
NEPHOPTERYX (?) ETOLUSALIS.
Nep}wpteri/x{?) Etolusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 64 (18G3).
" Female. Brown, brownish-cinereous beneath. Forewings narrow, rounded
at the tips, extremely oblique along the exterior border ; lines indistinct and incom-
plete, represented by black pale-bordered points ; a subquadrate whitish-cinereous
patch extending from the interior border to the reniform mark, which has a pale
incomplete subquadrate border: hindwings brownish -cinereous. Palpi obliquely
ascending, hardly rising above the vertex, third joint acutely conical, less than half-
leno-th of second : abdomen cinereous, extending some distance beyond the hindwings ;
legs stout ; spurs very long.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard.
NEPHOPTERYX (?) HARPAXALIS.
Nephopteryx {■') Harpaxalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 65 (1863).
" Male. Cinereous, a httle paler beneath. Forewings a little broader than those
o h Z
;)(;4 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
of N. EtolusaJi-^, more acute at the tips, and slightly convex towards the base of the
interior border ; lines brownish, very oblique, undulating, denticulated, indistinct,
pale bordered ; marginal line blackish; costal subapical points whitish: hindwings
with an indistinct pale submarginal line. Palpi obliquely ascending; third joint
hnear, rounded at the tip, more than half-length of second ; abdomen extending
nearly half its length beyond hindwings.
"Expanse 11 lines."
Bah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard.
NEPHOPTERYX (?) CYLLUSALIS.
Nephopteryx (?) Cylhisalis, Walker, Ciital. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 65 (1863).
"Female. Cinereous-brown, more cinereous beneath, like N.Etolusalis. Fore-
wino-s with black irregular cinereous-bordered partly raised mostly complete lines ;
exterior line much bent, its hind part more distinct than the other lines ; reniform
mark indicated by a few black points ; an indistinct cinereous patch by the middle
of the interior border, traversed by an angular black line, whereas the corresponding
line in N. EtohotiaUs is straight ; submarginal streaks cinereous ; marginal line black,
interrupted : hindwings vitreous, with broad brown borders.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard.
NEPHOPTERYX(?) .EOLTJSALIS.
Ncphopteriix{?) ^olusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 66 (1863).
" Female. Hoary. Forewings with indistinct traces of denticulated brown lines ;
exteinor part mostly brown ; submarginal Hue hoary, denticulated; marginal lunules
dark brown, hoary-bordered ; tips rounded ; exterior border very oblique. Head
and fore part of thorax blackish-brown ; palpi porrect ; third joint conical, not more
than one-third the length of second ; abdomen, hindwings, and underside brownish-
cinereous.
" Expanse 9 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L.
Layard.
NEPHOPTERYX (?) ARGIADESALIS.
Ncphoptenjx {?) Argmdesalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 66 (1863).
" Male. Brown, brownish-cinereous beneath. In structure like N. ackalls.
PHYClTIDyE. 365
Forewings tinged with lioary, moi'e especially along the black lines, which are much
like those of i\^ acicnH^ ; a black patch by the interior Iwrder at a little before the
middle: hiudwings brown. This may be a variety of N. dcicalis, but the latter
species has no trace of the patch.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard.
Genus MAGIRIA.
Mayiria, Zeller, Stettiu Ent. Zeit. (1S67), p. 393, pi. 2, f. 2,c?.
Male. Forewing elongated, rather narrow, cell fully two-thirds the length ;
first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second close to the end,
third and fifth from the end, third bifid ; discocellular very slender ; radial and npper
median from lower end of the cell, middle median close to end, lower about one-
eighth ; snbmedian nearly straight : hindwing ample, long, broad, triangular ; cell
less than one-third the length; subcostals at one-fourth beyond end of the cell,
joined to the costal at their base ; discocellular outwardly oblique, radial and upper
median on a footstalk half beyond the cell ; middle median from the end, lower at
one-fourth before the end ; submedian straight, two internal veins slightly curved.
Body rather stout ; labial palpi ascending, and in the male recurved backward over
the head, coarsely squamous, second joint long, much dilated, spatula pointed at its
end, and concave on its inner side, apical joint minute, conical, in tiie female short,
reaching only to vertex, apex pointed ; maxillary palpi distinct, short, squamous in
the male, and the apex furnished with a long pencil of fine hairs, which are inclosed
within the cavity of the labial, slender in the female ; antennae short, stout in the
male, pubescent in front, base of shaft dilated, concave, and compactly tufted in
front; legs stout, coarsely squamous; tibise slightly pilose above; spurs long,
unequal. Female: wings as in male. Labial palpi smaller, shorter, obliquely
ascending, squamous, of equal width throughout, third joint about one-third
length of second ; maxillary palpi not tufted at the tip ; antennas not dilated at
the base.
Type, M. imparella, Zeller (1. c. pi. 2. f. 2).
Bab. E. India.
MAGIKIA ROBUSTA (Plate 184, Fig. 4 ^, 4a larva).
Female. Forewing pale ochreous-brown, very thickly speckled with cinereous-
white along the anterior border, and sparsely speckled with black scales along the
posterior border ; all the veins, excepting the submedian, lined with black, which
are crossed by a discal denticulated whitish-speckled line ; marginal points white :
366 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
liindwing oclireous-wliite, semihyallne, slightly opalescent, with a pale ochreous-
brown slender marginal border ; cilia white, with a brown inner line. Body, palpi,
and legs ochreous-l)rown ; sides of collar, tegulaj, and base of abdomen with a cluster
of black speckles ; forelegs above dark-brown, with white bands ; middle and hind-
legs whitish speckled ; a brown band on middle tibias, and whitish bands on the
tarsi.
Expanse 2 IfV inch.
Larva thick ; with sixteen legs ; purplish-grey ; wiih a few short fine hairs ;
segments spotted with l:)lack and with a lateral row of red spots ; head and a
dorsal patch on second segment black. Pupa dark purple-brown, enclosed within an
elongated slight silken cocoon attached to the stem of food plant.
" Larva feeds within the branchlets of mahogany." (Thwaiies.)
Genus MELLA.
JEtiella* Zeller, Isis, 1846, p. 755.
Ilella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 1017 (1859).
Assara, Walker, i'rf. xxvii. p. 79 (1863).
Modiana, Walker, id. xxvii. p. 82 ^1863).
Alata, Walker, id. xxvii. p. 108 (1863).
Amelia, Walker, id. xxvii. p. 201 (18G3).
Fcrewiug long, narrow; with a transverse antemedial curved-row of raised
scales ; cell two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of
the cell, second close to the end, third bifid ; discocellular bent close to each end,
concave in the middle, radials from the angles ; middle median close to end of the
cell, lower at one-seventh; submedian nearly straight: hindwing ample ; cell two-
fifths the length ; two subcostals emitted at some distance beyond end of the cell,
both joined to the costal at their base ; discocellular very slender, obliquely concave,
radial and upper median on a footstalk at half beyond the cell, middle median from
end of the cell, lower at oue-third ; median vein from the base to lower branch
posteriorly fringed in the male ; submedian and two internal veins straight. Body
rather stout ; head prominent, conical in front ; palpi porrect, very long, smooth,
third joint fusiform, one-fourth length of the second ; antennae in male thick,
flattened, pubescent in front, basal joint tumid and with two long plumose tufts at
the tip on each side of the base of the shaft ; antennas simple in female ; legs rather
stout, middle and hind tibice laxly squamous on the outer edge, spurs slender,
unequal
Tyije, M. Zinckenella.
* Thi.s name having been fouuJeil upon one of the synonyms of the typical species cannot therefore
be used.
niYCITIDyE. 367
MELLA ZINCKENELLA.
Phjcis ZinclceniUn, Treitschke, Schmett. Eiir. ix. p. 201 (1832).
Phycis Eticlln, Treit;^clike, id. x. pp. 174 et 27G (1835).
Etlella Zinckindla, Zeller, Isis, 1846, p. 7o5.
Chilo mnjoreniis, Co.sta, Faun, di Napoli, Lep. p. 5, pi. 8, fig. 1, ? (1836).
Cliilo cohnelhis, Copta, /</. p. 7, pi. S, f. 2, <? .
MeUa chjmnxisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 1017 (1839).
Assara albicostalis, Walker, jVZ. xxvii. p. 80 0863).
Modiana scittivittalis. Walker, id. xxvii. p. 83 (18G3).
Alata anticalis, Walker, id. xxvii. p. 108 (1863).
Craiidms sahiJimts, Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. v. vol. iv. p. 455 (1879).
Forewing pale purplish cinereous-brown, with a wliitisli band extending below
the costal edge ; crossed by an antemedial curved row of reddish raised scales, whicli
is outwardly bordered by a diffused reddish band, and inwardly by a broad blackish-
grey border : hindwing purplish brownish-white, with brown veins, marginal line,
and interciliary baud ; cilia edged with white. Body pale purplish-brown ; sides of
vertex and base of palpi beneath whitish ; palpi and forelegs dark brown ; hindlegs
paler.
Expanse yV to 1 inch.
Genus EPICROSIS.
Epicrosis, Zeller, Isis, 1848, p. 878.
Forewing rather short and broad ; cell about three-fifths the length ; first sub-
costal emitted at one-third, second and third approximate and from angle near the
end, third bifid ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from close to lower end ;
middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-eighth ; submedian straight : hind-
wing ample, broad, apex convex ; cell fully one-third ; subcostals from the end,
upper partly joined to the costal ; discocellular obliquely concave, radial and upper
median on a footstalk half beyond the cell; middle median from end of cell, lower
at one-fourth ; a straight submedian and two internal veins. Body rather stout ;
palpi ascending, slender, lanceolate, second joint reaching the vertex, third joint more
than half-length of second, acute at the tip ; antennas slender, smooth ; legs rather
stout, squamous, spurs unequal.
EPICKOSIS FESTIVELLA f Plate 184, Fig. 8.)
Epicrosis fe.stivclla, Zeller, Isis, 1848, p. 878.
Forewing purplish cupreous-red, the base obliquely smeared with flesh colour ;
crossed by an outwardly-oblique medial white band with black-speckled borders,
beyond which, at the end of the cell, is a large fleshy-white patch extending upwards
to the costa, the patch being bordered by a dai'k streak at end of the cell, and the
36t! THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
darker reddish-brown outer border of the wing : hindwing pale cuprescent cinereous-
brown, cilia edged with white. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs cupreous-red :
thorax and tcgulas pale streaked; abdomen and legs pale cuprescent-cinereous, tarsi
with brown bands.
Expanse VV inch.
Genus MYELOIS.
Jlli/ehi's, Hubuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 371 (l«25-7); Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 17G ; Id. 1848, p. 585 ;
Stainton, Catal. Tin. p. 5 (1849) ; id. Manual, ii. p. 172 (1859).
Lhpe, Troitschke, Ear. 8ch. ix. 1, p. 204 (1832).
Myehphila, Treitschke, id. Sappl. x. p. 174 (1835) ; Guenee, Micro, p. 85 (1S45).
Forewing long, narrow ; cell more than two-thirds the length ; first subcostal
at one-seventh before end of cell, second and third from angle close to end, third
bifid, fifth from end ; discocellular outwardly oblique and slightly concave ; no upper
radial, lower radial and upper median on a footstalk half beyond the cell ; middle
median from angle close to end, lower at about one-sixth ; submedian straight :
hindwing ample, triangular, exterior margin very obliquely convex ; cell half the
length ; two subcostals from a short distance beyond end of cell, upper partly joined
to costal ; discocellular deeply concave, radial and upper median on a footstalk two-
thirds beyond the cell, middle median from end of cell, lower at one-fourth; a sub-
median and two internal veins. Body moderately slender ; antenna slender, simple,
minutely pubescent in front ; labial palpi ascending, curved, rising above the vertex,
compactly squamous, apex pointed, joints indistinct ; maxillary palpi short, slender ;
legs stout, squamous, spurs unequal.
Tijpe, M. cribrum.
MYELOIS (1) BASIFUSCALIS.
Mycloisi?) basifiiscaJis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. .xxvii. p. 38 (18G3).
" Female. Cinereous. Wings brownish for nearly one-third the length from
the base, this hue bounded by a pale undulating partly black-bordered line ; exterior
line pale, denticulated, partly black-bordered ; reniform mark of tlie forewings small,
blackish ; two blackish spots on the inner side of the exterior line in the forewings ;
marginal points black. Palpi porrect, not so long as the breadth of the head, third
joint lanceolate, shorter and more slender than the second ; antenna? much more
than half-length of the body ; abdomen elongate, conical, extending a little beyond
the hind wings.
" E.xpanse 7 to 8 Hues."
Hab. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard.
niYCITIDJE. 369
MYELOIS(?) MAESYUSALIS.
Mijelois{?) Marsi/usnlis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het B. M. xxvii. p. 37 (1863).
"Male. Brown, much paler beneath. Forewings rounded at the tips ; exterior
border hardly oblique ; middle line testaceous, slightly undulating ; submarginal
points testaceous. Palpi curved over the vertex, first joint moderately long, second
stout, third lanceolate, about half-length of second and much more slender ; antennte
stout, minutely pubescent; abdomen extending a little beyond the hindwings ; legs
stout, spurs very long; fore tibiis very short.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard.
Genus PEMPELIA.
PempeUa, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 369 (1825-7); Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 179; id. 184G,
p. 766.
Forewiug long, narrow, apex obtuse, exterior margin slightly oblique, hardly
convex ; cell two-thirds the length; first subcostal emitted at one- fourth before end
of the cell, second near the end, third bifid ; discocellular bent near the ends, radials
from the angles ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-sixth ; submedian
straight : hind wing long, broad, exterior margin very oblique, convex ; costal vein
curved upward ; cell one-third the length ; two subcostals from beyond end of the
cell, upper joined to costal from its base to one-third its length ; discocellular out-
wardly oblique, concave, no radial; two upper medians on a footstalk at half beyond
the cell, lower median from end of the cell ; submedian and two internal veins
straight and widely separated. Body moderately slender ; labial palpi long,
ascending, rising above the head, smoothly squamous, rather stout, third joint short,
obtusely pointed ; maxillary palpi long in male and with a lengthened slender pencil
of fine hairs ; inaxillary palpi in female short ; autennse in male rather thick, sub-
moniliform, minutely pubescent in front, somewhat twisted at the base and with a
short compact tuft in front ; legs laxly squamous, tarsi rather stout, not long, spurs
long, slender, unequal.
Type, P. ornatella.
PEMPELIA CAUTELLA.
PempeUa caiddla. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 73 (1863).
Forewing cinereous-brown, minutel}" brown-scaled, with faint traces of a trans-
verse pale band before the middle : hindwing pale cinereous, semihyaline ; with a
VOL. in. 3 B
370 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
slender brown marginal line. Body, palpi, and legs cinereous-brown; tarsi darker-
brown, with pale bands.
Expanse 1% inch.
Genus CADRA.
Cadra, Walker, Catal Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxx. p. 961 (1864).
•' Male and female. Wings long, narrow: fore wings rounded at the tips ; exterior
margin nearly straight, hardly oblique. 'Body slender; palpi stout, nearly erect,
rising a little higher than the vertex; second joint squamous, third lanceolate, about
half-length of the second ; maxillary palpi distinct ; antennae smooth, rather stout ;
abdomen extending beyond the hiadwings ; legs smooth, rather slender, hind tibiae
with long spurs."
CADEA DEFECTELLA.
Cadra defectella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 962 (1864).
" Male and female. Cinereous : forewings very minutely speckled ; with two
indistinct and diffuse pale fawn-coloured bands.
" Expanse ro inch."
Genus DAPHA.
Dapha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 124 (1863).
" Female. Wings rather broad, not long : forewing rectangular at the tip, costa
straight, exterior margin slightly convex, hardly oblique. Body stout ; palpi porrect,
compressed, second joint extending half its length beyond the head, broadly and
laxly fringed above, third joint slender, truncate at the tip, half-length of the second ;
antennas rather stout, short, simple ; legs smooth, rather stout, middle tibige slightly
dilated and fringed, hind spurs short."
DAPHA VALEUSALIS.
Dapha Valnisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xxvii. p. 125 (1863).
Female. Violaceous-cinereous : forewing crossed by a siibbasal, medial, and
postmedial duplex brown lines, the two former outwardly curved from the costa and
slightly bent inward near the posterior margin, the outer lines denticulated ; the
middle line internally and the postmedial line externally being slightly black-speckled ;
the basal, medial, and exterior area suffused with olive-green. Thorax and palpi
with brown bands.
Expanse xlr inch.
Genus CABRAGUS.
Male. Forewing narrow ; apex pointed, exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell
PHYCITID^. 371
two-thirds the length ; first subcostal at one-fourth before end of the cell, second
and third close to the end, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular oblique,
radial from its lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower close to
the end ; submedian slightly recurved : hindwing moderately long, triangular ; cell
short, about one-fourth the length ; subcostals from end of the cell, both joined to
the costal at their base ; discocellular outwardly concave ; radial and upper median
on a footstalk half beyond the cell, middle median from end of the cell, lower about
one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately
stout ; abdomen tufted at the tip ; thorax laxly squamous ; labial palpi long, stout,
ascending, recurved outward, coarsely squamous, second joint reaching the vertex,
third joint of equal length, broad, pointed at the tip, concave v?ithin (like a minia-
ture of a rabbit's ear) ; maxillary palpi short, furnished with a tuft of long fine
hairs, which are inclosed within the cavity of the labial when at rest ; antennae with
a lengthened oval spatular dilatation at base of the shaft, which is covered above by
an adpressed scaly tuft, the entire shaft finely serrated and ciliated to near the tip ;
legs rather stout, squamous ; hind tibife tufted at the tip.
Allied to Magiria (Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1867, p. 393) and to Ceratamma
(Butler, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 689).
CABRAGUS ATmiTIPALPUS (Plate 184, Fig. 9,^).
Male. Fore wing purplish-brown, speckled with cinereous scales ; crossed by
a curved antemedial pale fascia, beyond which is a darker brown costal patch followed
by two smaller patches before the apex : hindwing dusky-brown ; cilia pale purplish-
brown. Thorax purplish-brown ; head, labial palpi, and legs dark purplish-brown,
cinereous-speckled ; tuft of maxillary palpi ochreous ; dilated base of antennce
metallic-brown beneath, ochreous above ; anal tuft ochreous.
Expanse | inch.
Captured at Almirhara, May 6th, 1885, by Mr. F. M. Mackwood.
Genus LACIPEA.
Lacipea, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 138 (1863).
" Female. Wings rather narrow ; fringe broad : forewings slightly rounded at
the tips ; exterior border hardly oblique. Body rather stout ; palpi obliquely
ascending, not rising above the vertex, third joint very minute, not so much as one-
fourth the length of the second ; antennge stout ; thorax smooth ; tegulaa long ;
abdomen extending beyong the hindwings ; legs stout, bare ; hind femora and hind
tibial dilated, especially the latter."
3 B 2
372 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
LACIPEA MUSCOSELLA.
Lacipea muscoseUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 138 (1863).
" Female. Brownish. Forewings with a black angular discal mark, which
inchides a pale testaceous spot in its angle. Thorax and forewings irregularly
streaked with testaceous. Abdomen and hindwings, and underside more cinereous.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Hob. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard.
Genus MOCA.
Moca, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxvii. p. 102 (1863).
Forewing slightly elongated, rather broad, rounded at the apex, costa and
exterior margin very slightly convex, posterior margin convex near the base ; cell
two-thirds the length; first subcostal at about two-fifths before end of the cell,
second, third, fourth, and fifth, free, equidistant apart ; discocellular recurved,
radials from near each end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-sixth
before the end ; submedian slightly undulated : hindwing convex externally ; cell
more than half the length ; two subcostals on a footstalk at one-fourth beyond the
cell ; discocellular angulated, radial from angle near upper end ; middle median
from near end of cell, lower at one-sixth ; submedian and internal vein curved.
Body stout ; palpi ascending to level of vertex, curved, squamous, second joint
rather broad and flattened in front, third joint very small, obtusely pointed ; antenna3
short, minutely pubescent in front, basal joint stout and slightly tufted in front ;
legs squamous, short, stout, spurs long, slender, unequal.
MOCA VELUTINA.
Moca velutina. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 102 (1863).
Fuliginous-brown : forewing with short longitudinal darker-brown pale-bordered
streaks, more distinct blackish submarginal streaks, and a black denticulated marginal
line ; a prominent black streak near end of the cell, and a discocellular lunule.
Thorax with pale-bordered brown lougitudiaal streaks ; palpi pale-edged in front ;
legs and tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse 1 inch.
MOCA LITHOSIOIDES.
Cinereous purplish-brown : forewing with an ochreous-yellow antemedial curved
transverse broken band, three equidistant costal patches, some lower discal blotches,
and a slender streak above posterior angle ; anterior end of the cilia also yellow ;
riircir/D^^. 373
marginal line black: liindwing and abdomen jaaler cinereous purplish-brown; cilia
yellow. Collar, tegute, and base of abdomen fringed with yellow ; front of lioad,
palpi, and legs ochreous-y allow ; tibias with a black patch.
Expanse tV inch.
Genus ARRADE.
Arrade, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 82 (1 803).
Forewing long, narrow ; costa straight, tip obtusely pointed, exterior margin
oblique, posterior margin fringed at the end, which is excavated in the middle ; cell
fully two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-sevenths before end of the
cell, second at one-seventh, bifid near its end, fourth and fifth from the end ; disco-
cellular extremely slender, almost obsolete, concave, radial from lower end ; middle
median close to end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian nearly straight : hindwing
rather long, narrow ; apex obtuse, exterior margin convex ; cell fully half the length ;
two subcostals on a short footstalk beyond the cell ; discocellular exti'emely slender,
no radial ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian
and internal veins straight. Body rather slender, smooth ; head hirsute in front ;
labial palpi obliquely curved, second joint reaching to vertex, with a short fringe
above, third joint lanceolate, less than half-length of second ; antennge slender; legs
long, slender, smooth, fore tibice densely fringed in front, spurs very long, slender,
unequal.
AEEADE EREBUSALIS.
Arrade Erehusah's, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 82 (1863).
Forewing cinereous-brown ; with three pale-bordered black-speckled transverse
denticulated lines ; the first line medial, inwardly oblique ; second line discal, bent
obtusely outward ; third line submarginal, undulated ; marginal line black, slender :
hindwing pale cinereous-brown. Body, palpi, and legs cinereous-brown.
Expanse tu inch.
Genus HAMAXIA.
Hamaxia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 128 (18G3).
Male. Forewing slightly elongated, rather broad, apex acute, costa slightly
convex, exterior margin somewhat scalloped, angular in the middle ; cell more than
half the length, disposed somewhat towards middle of the wing ; first subcostal
emitted about one-third before end of the cell, second at one-ninth, trifid, fifth from
the end ; discocellular slightly concave in the middle, radials from near each end ;
middle median near end of the cell, lower at nearly half before the end ; submedian
nearly straight, with a short recurved lower slender branch : hindwing bi'oad,
374 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CETLON.
exterior margin convex, slightly scalloped ; cell half the length ; subcostal well
separated from the costal, two branches from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly
concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower
at nearly half before the end ; submediau and internal vein straight. Body rather
slender ; thorax clothed with adpressed spatular scales ; head pilose in front ; labial
palpi long, slender, curved obliquely upward, rising much higher than the vertex,
lanceolate, second joint laxly fringed above and beneath, third joint very slender,
half-length of second ; antennae very minutely setulose ; legs smooth, slender, rather
long, tibiae stout, thickly fringed, spurs very long and slender.
HAMAXIA LIGNULINA.
Hamaxin HjnnUna, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 128 (1863).
Very pale brownish-ochreous : forewing slightly speckled with pale-brown
scales, which are more numerously clustered from middle of the costa to middle of
the exterior margin, and there form an oblique angular fiascia; above the fascia is a
costal cluster before the apex ; a slight brown dot in middle of the cell, and a
marginal row of dark-brown points : hind wing slightly speckled with pale-brown
scales, and with a marginal row of brown points.
Expanse 1 inch.
Note. — The three last enumerated genera, viz. Moca, Arrade, and Hamaxia,
which have been referred to this family by Mr. Walker, are jjlaced here with
doubt.
Family GALLERIID.ffi.
Forewing elongate, exterior margin indented, or convex : hindwing above with
the base of median vein fringed. Antenna simple, or minutely ciliated ; basal joint
generally with a tuft of scales beneath ; labial palpi short in male, long and porrected
in female ; maxillary palpi minute, concealed.
Larva with sixteen legs ; dull whitish, with dark spots, and rather bristly.
Feeds on wax in beehives and in the nests of wild bees, protected by silken galleries.
Pupates within the hives.
Genus MELISSOBLAPTES.
MelissoMaptes, Zeller, Isis, 1848, p. 580; Stainton, Manual, ii. p. 165 (1859).
Lamoria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 87 (1863).
Forewing long ; costa slightly arched, apex and exterior margin convex, slightly
oblique ; cell two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end
of the cell, second at one eighth, tliird from the end, trifid ; discocellular extremely
GALLERIIDJE. 375
slender, outwardly recurved, upper radial from near its upper end, lower radial and
upper median on a footstalk at one-fourth beyond the cell, middle median close to the
end, low^er at one-third ; submedian curved, with a short basal looped branch : hind-
wing rather long, triangular, apex convex ; cell open ; subcostals at one-half from
the base, upper joined to the costal to neai-ly half its length ; lower median at one-
half from the base, middle median at one-third, upper median and the radial on a
footstalk half-way beyond; submedian and two internal veins straight. Body
rather stout ; head with a prominent decumbent tuft ; labial palpi porrect, rostri-
form, lanceolate, squamous, extending half beyond the tuft ; third joint half-length
of the second ; maxillary palpi short, slender ; antennae smooth, stout at the base ;
legs squamous, spurs slender, unequal.
MELISSOBLAPTES BIPTJNCTANUS.
Melia hipunctana, Haworth, MS.; Curtis, Brit. Ent. v. fol. 201 (1828).
Melissoblaptes bipunctanus, Zeller, Isis, 1848, p. 580; Staiuton, Manual, ii. p. 165 (1859) ; Ragonot,
Ent. Monthly Mag. 1885, p. 21.
Tinea Pyr. sociella, Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. Tin. pi. 4, f. 24, j .
Galleria Anelln, Ziuk. Sommer, Germ. Mag. Ent. iv. p. 243.
Lamoria planali!!, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 88 (1863), j .
Acixibasis imbella. Walker, id. xxx. p. 955 (1864), 5.
Male. Forewnng very pale cinereous ochreous-brown, mottled with minute
greyish-white and black scales ; with an indistinctly defined black-scaled orbicular
and reniform spot, very indistinct angular transverse antemedial and a more distinct
curved discal series of pale-bordered blackish points, and a marginal row of dots :
hindwing and abdomen pale brownish-white. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs pale
cinereous ochreous-brown.
Female. Forewing darker cinereous ochreous-brown ; blackish scaled ; the
transverse series of blackish points more distinct, and the outer veins also black-
speckled.
Expanse, $ y^ to 1 inch, ? Iru irch.
Genus RHANGENA.
Forewing elongated, rather broad ; costa arched, apex obtuse, exterior margin
oblique, posterior margin convex towards the base ; cell two-thirds the length ; first
subcostal about one-third before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth
from the end and touching the third near its base ; discocellular bent inward in the
middle, radials from angle near each end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower
at one-third; submedian curved downward from the base: hindwing short, not
broader than the forewing ; cell nearly two-thirds the length ; subcostal joined to the
costal to half-length of the cell; two subcostals from end of cell; discocellular
376 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
slender, bent iu the middle, radial from near longer end ; two upper medians from
end of tlie cell, lower at one-third ; a straight submedian and internal vein. Body
moderately slender ; palpi obliquely ascending, reaching above the vertex, slender ;
antennjB slender, submoniliform, with a few fine short lashes ; legs rather slender,
squamous, spurs long, unequal.
RHANGENA ROSEIPENNIS (Plate 184, Fig. 12).
Forewing pale purplish-red, darkest along the veins, with a marginal row of
blackish points : hindwing brownish-white. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs
purplish-red ; abdomen brownish-white ; tip and the tarsi brownish.
E.xpanse 1 inch.
Family CRAMBIDiE.
Wings folded round the body when at rest : median vein of hindwing above
with a basal fringe. Antennae simple, finely ciliated, rarely pectinated in the male ;
labial palpi generally long, porrected, forming a long beak in front of the head,
partially covered by the maxillary palpi, sometimes short and ascending.
Larva with sixteen legs; whitish or dull coloured, witli large shining spots.
Feeds in silken galleries, amongst moss in grassy places, or in the stems of aquatic
plants.
Genus LORYMA.
Loryma, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xix. p. 890 (1859).
Tauba, Walker, id. xxxv. p. 1767 (1866).
Male. Forewing elongate, narrow, costa arched at tlie end, apex rounded,
exterior margin oblique ; cell two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-
fourth before end of the cell, second approximate, third from end, trifid ; discocellular
slender, concave, upper radial from upper end, lower radial and upper median on a
footstalk at one-third beyond the cell ; middle median from end of the cell, lower at
nearly one-fifth ; submedian nearly straight : hindwing rather long, triangular, apex
rounded ; cell nearly one-third the length at the upper end and nearly two-thirds at
lower end; two subcostals from end of the cell, upper joined to costal at the base;
discocellular bent very obliquely outward from near its upper end ; radial and upper
median on a footstalk at one-third beyond the cell ; middle median from end of the
cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and two internal veins widely separated. Body
moderately stout, anal segments set with short hairy scales ; labial palpi curved
upward, second joint pilose beneath and in front, the hairs in front long and pro-
jected forward, third joint slender, lanceolate, nearly as long as the second; maxillary
CRAMBID^. 377
palpi extending to half-length of the labial; antennae stout, minutely serrated and
biciUated, basal joint thick, pointed and very slightly tufted in front ; legs ratlier
stout, tibia3 laxly squamous, spui-s long, slender, unequal.
Type, L. sentiusalis.
This genus is closely allied to the Australian genus Gadlra of Walker, which
has since been re-named Grijptomima by Meyrick.
LORYMA VENOSELLA.
Tcmha venoscUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1767 (1866), $.
Forewing pale ochreous-brown, minutely speckled with black scales; veins
cinereous-white ; crossed by an inwardly-oblique medial recurved angulated white
line, and a curved submarginal line ; the lines being bordered by the black scales ;
followed by a white-bordered slender black marginal Hue: hindwing cinereous-
white, with a slender black marginal line, and broader interciliar line. Body pale
ochreous-brown ; tegulse and segments narrowly bordered with cinereous-white ;
legs speckled with cinereous-white scales.
Expanse to inch.
Genus SURATTHA.
Sw-attha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 75 (1863).
Pindicitora, Walker, id. xxvii. p. 134 (1863).
Calarina, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1769 (1866).
Male and female. Forewing narrow, rounded at the tip, costa straight, exterior
maro-in obliquely convex ; cell two-thirds the length ; first subcostal at one-third
before end of the cell, second and third close to the end, third bifid, fifth from the
end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly concave ; upper radial from slight
anole near subcostal, lower radial and upper median on a footstalk half beyond end
of the cell, middle median from close to the end, lower at nearly one-fifth before the
end ; submedian nearly straight, and with a very slender lower recurved branch :
hindwino- ample, apex and exterior margin convex ; cell about one-third the length
at its upper end and two-thirds at its lower end ; costal vein undulated ; one subcostal
only, which is curved upward from end of the cell and slightly touches the costal ;
discocellular bent obliquely outward in the middle, radial from upper end near the
middle ; the middle median from close to end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; a sub-
median and two internal veins. Body moderately stout; abdomen slightly tufted;
labial palpi porrect, stout, projecting half beyond the head, laxly pilose, third joint
elongate-conical, acute, and about one-fourth the length of second ; maxillary palpi
about half-length of the labial, laxly pilose at the tip; antenna in the male
VOL. III. 3 c
378 rilK LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
short, broadly bipectinateJ, setose in female ; legs smooth, rather stout, spurs
unequal.
Type, S. invectalis.
SURATTHA INVECTALIS.
Surattha invectalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 76 (1863), 9.
Pimlicitora ThijshcsaJis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 13.5 (1863), $ ?.
Male and female. Pale brownish-ochreous : forewing sparsely black-speckled ;
with a transverse subbasal brown-speckled band, a slightly undulated medial pale-
bordered band, and a postmedial angular denticulated pale baud with black-tipt
points ; the basal and discal area thickly brown-speckled, the latter encircling a white
lunate spot at end of the cell ; marginal points black ; cilia with a brown inner line :
hindwing paler; cilia edged with white. Body, palpi, and legs pale brownish-
ochreous ; thorax brown-speckled ; shaft of male antennae pale brownish-ochreous,
the pectinations dark drown ; shaft of female antennas dark brown : palpi brownish at
the side ; fore and middle legs, and all the tarsi with brown bauds.
Expanse, ^ A, s Iru inch.
SURATTHA ZEUXOALIS.
Findicitora Zeuxoalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 135 (1863).
Female. Purphsh-brown : forewiug crossed by an inwardly-oblique white line,
which extends from the posterior margin to end of the cell, where it is bent outward
and ends in a lanceolate streak ; a slender waved postmedial line ; outer border
suffused with cinereous : hindwing with a very slender indistinct discal waved, whitish
line. Body, palpi, and legs purphsh-brown.
Expanse -1% inch.
STJRATTHA ANNUSALIS.
Pindicitora Aimusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 136 (1863).
" Male. Cinei-eous. Forewings speckled with brown ; costa convex ; tips
roimded ; exterior border very oblique : hindwings with the interior border broadly
fringed. Palpi porrect, brown, cinereous towards the tips, third joint acute, not
more than oue-third of the length of second; antennas broadly pectinated;
abdomen extending a little beyond the hindwings, apical tuft rather long; anterior
legs brown.
" Expanse 8 lines."
Ilah. Ceylon.
Described by '^h\ Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L.
Layard.
CRAMBIDjE. 379
SURATTHA ACREONALIS.
Pindicilora Acreonalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxvii. p. 1G6 (18G3).
"Male aud female. Cinereous-brown. Forewings with two more or less
diffuse undulating cinereous lines, one in the middle, the other submarginnl ;
reniform mark small, cinereous : hindwings and abdomen pale cinereous. Uudersido
pale cinereous.
" Expanse 9—12 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L.
Layard .
Genus LIBUNA.
Bulina* Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 17G7 (1866).
" Wings rather narrow : forewings slightly rounded at the tips, exterior border
hardly oblique. Body moderately stout; palpi porrect, stout, lanceolate, shghtly
pilose, fully as long as the breadth of the head, third joint minute ; abdomen
extending a little beyond the hindwings ; legs rather stout, not pilose, spurs
very long."
LIBUNA SOLITELLA.
Bulina solitella. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1767 (18GG), (^.
" Male. Pale cinereous : forewings with a very slight straw-coloured tinge ;
the reniform mark represented by a minute blackish dot, behind which there is
another equally minute ; both occasionally obsolete. Byes large. Head and thorax
with a very slight straw-coloured tinge.
" Bxpanse 9 lines."
Hah. Ceylon.
Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of ]\Ir. E. L.
Layard.
Genus CRAMBUS.
Cramlms, Yahr\c\\w, Eiit. Syst. Siippl. p. 4G4 (1798)); Walckenajr, Faun. Paris, ii. p. 310(1802);
Latreille, Hist. Nat. Cr. et Ins. iii. p. 476 (1802); id. xiv. p. 247 (180.5); id. Consid. Gen. C'r.
et Ins. p. 369 (1810); Leach, Edin. Euc. ix. p. 13.5 (1815); Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. iii.
p. 552 (1816).
Falparia (part), Haworth, Lep. Brit. p. 487 (1812).
Argyroteucha (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 364 (1825-7).
Forewing long, narrow, costa convex at the tip, apex produced to a point,
falcate, exterior margin oblique, convex hindward ; cell fully two-thirds the length,
* Used by Lesson in 1831 for a genus of MoUusca.
3 c 2
380 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
first subcostal emitted about one-fifth before eud of cell, second near the end, third
trifid ; discocellular extremely slender, radials from near the upper end and at lower
end ; middle median at one-seventh, lower at two-sevenths, befoi'e end of cell ;
submedian straight : hiudwing long, broad, triangular, apex convex, cell open ;
subcostals at one-third from base of the wing, second joined to costal to half its
leno-th ; base of median above, fringed ; lower median at nearly half from base of
wino-, middle median at three-fourths, upper median and radial on a footstalk half-
way beyond the middle median ; a straight submedian and two slightly curved
internal veins. Body slender; labial palpi long, porrect, pointed ; maxillary palpi
short, triangular, apex with a dilated tuft ; antennas submoniliform, pubescent in
front ; legs smooth, spurs stout, nearly equal.
Type, C. pascuellus.
CRAMBUS HAPALISCUS (Plate 184, Fig. 6).
Crambus hapaliscns, Zcller, Lep. Micro. Caffr. Kongl. Vet. AkaJ. Ilandl. 1852, p. 71; Zeller, Monog.
Chilo. et Cramh. p. 17 (1863).
Crcmbiis concinncUus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxvii. p. 165 (18G3); Meyrick, Proc. Linn.
Soc. New S. Wales, iii. p. 182 (1878).
Forewing pale violet-brown, palest along the posterior border ; with a broad
lonoitudinal silvery-white band extending below the costa from the base to apex,
and which is crossed before the apex by four outwardly-oblique slender cinereous-
violet convergent lines, one of which angularly descends to the posterior margin ;
the outer discal and marginal area with slight black short longitudinal streaks ;
cilia with a whitish inner line, which is most prominent at the apical end : hindwing
semihyaline white, with a brownish marginal line. Body brownish-white ; thorax
and labial palpi brown at the sides ; forelegs entirely brown ; bands on tarsi also
brown ; antenuee brown.
Expanse tV inch.
CRAMBUS ERMINEUS (Plate 184, Fig. 7).
Silky-white : forewing crossed by a slender brown outwardly-curved postmedial
line, which terminates at its posterior end in a large brown spot, followed by a sub-
marginal undulated line, between which and the exterior margin are some short
longitudinal golden-yellow streaks, one on each vein ; between the streaks on
the upper and middle medians is a black spot ; a short black slender streak at
the apical end of the exterior margiu ; costal edge at the base also brown ; cilia
edged with brown: hindwing pure white. Antennte, palpi at the side, and forelegs
brown.
Expanse tV inch.
CRAMBIDyE. 381
Genus ANCYLOLOMIA.
Ancylolomia, Iliibucr, Vcrz. bek. Scbinctt. p. 363 (1825-7); Zeller, Monog. Chilo. ct Cramb. p. 9
(1863).
Jariheza, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxvii. p. 183 (1863).
Male. Forewing long, narrow ; costa straight, apex obtusely produced, exterior
margin concave below the apex and convex liindward ; cell very long, nearly three-
fourths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell,
second near the end, third trifid ; discocellular extremely slender, bent near the
ends, radials from the angles ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-
fourth before the end ; submedian straight, with a short recurved lower branch :
hindwing long, broad, apex produced, exterior margin very oblique, convex in
middle ; subcostal free from the costal ; cell one-third the length at its upper end
and two-thirds at its lower end ; first branch of subcostal emitted before end of the
cell, curving upward and slightly touching the costal ; upper end of the cell bent
obhquely downward, the second subcostal from its end ; discocellular very oblique
and prolonged outward ; radial and upper median from lower end of the cell ; middle
median very close to the end, lower fully half before the end, base of median fringed
above ; submedian and two internal veins almost straight. Body slender, abdomen
rather long ; labial palpi very long, porrect, ahghtly curved downward, pilose above,
third joint attenuated, tip acute; maxillary palpi short, ascending, laxly pilose at
tip ; antennae long, broadly pectinated on the inner side only to near the tip, the
branches finely ciliated ; legs rather long, squamous, spurs short, equal.
Type, A. palpella.
ANCYLOLOMIA TAPROBANENSIS (Plate 184, Fig. 2, 2a $ ?).
Ancylolomia tapi-obanensis, Zeller, Monogr, Chilo. et Cramb. p. 9 (1S63); id. Hoik. Soc. Eiit. Eoss.
1877, p. 25, pi. 1, fig. 8.
Male. Forewing pale brownish-ochreous, the medial area suffused with golden-
yellow ; all the veins except the costal lined with black speckles, and between the
veins is a metallic silver-specked grey line; bordering the exterior margin is a
denticulated golden line, a dark silvery-grey line, and a row of marginal points,
followed by a straight silvery-grey interciliar line : hindwing cinereous-ochreous ;
ciHa pale yellow. Body, palpi, and forelegs bi'ownish-ochreous ; fore tarsi with
pale bands ; middle and hindlegs paler ochreous. Female. Paler : forewing with
the medial area also of a paler golden-yellow ; the veins black-speckled, and with
intervening silverj-grey lines ; marginal markings as in the male.
Expanse, ^ 1, ? I5 inch.
382 THE LEPinOPTERA OF CEYLON:
ANCYLOLOMIA AEGENTATA (Plate 184, Fig. 3, cj).
Male. ForewiTig silvery cinereous-white ; the veins within the discal area
golden-yellow and lined with black dots; the exterior border with a transverse
denticulated golden-yellow line, a broader silvery-grey line, a row of blackish
spots, and a recurved marginal line : hindwing darker cinereous- white ; cilia pure
white. Thorax, head, palpi and forelegs pale-ochreous ; abdomen silvery cinereous-
white.
Expanse tV to nr inch.
ANCYLOLOMIA BASISTRIGA (Plate 184, Fig. 1, $ ).
]\Iale and female. Forewing glossy pale purplish cuprescent-brown ; the costal
border and a more prominent abbreviated streak from base below the cell senescent-
white; the veins externally hned with silvery-grey, and their interspaces with
blackish scales; the black scales being more numerous below the basal streak;
marginal row of spots black : hindwing purplish-cinereous ; cilia white. Thorax,
head, palpi, antennae, and forelegs brown, speckled with senescent scales; sides of
thorax and tegulce asnescent-yellow ; abdomen pale purplish-cinereous ; tarsi with
pale bauds.
Expanse, $ l{ji, 9 Ifij inch.
" Neuera Eliza, May 21st, 1885." (Machwood.)
Genus CULLADIA.
Araxes* Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilct. B. M. xxvii. p. 192 (186.3).
Wings small : forewing narrow, apex acute, costa straight, exterior margin
slightly oblique ; cell fully two-thirds the length ; first subcostal at one-fourth before
end of the cell, second free, third from angle before the end, bifid, fifth from the end;
discocellular concave, slender ; radial and upper median on a footstalk half beyond
the cell, middle median from the end, lower at one-fifth; submedian straight: hind-
wing rather narrow, apex convex ; cell open ; two subcostals at one-third the length
of the wing, upper joined to costal for half its length ; radial and upper median on
a footstalk at half-length beyond base of middle median, lower median at half the
length of cell; a submedian and two internal veins. Body slender; labial palpi
porrect, long, second joint extending more than half beyond the head, slightly pilose
at the tip above, third joint lanceolate, acute at the tip ; maxillary palpi extending
to end of second joint of labial, dilated with fine scales at the tip; antennse stout;
legs short, smooth, spurs equal.
Type, C. adraigratella.
* Used by ytfphens iu 1834 for a genus of Lepidoptera.
CRAMBIDyE. 383
CULLADIA ADMIGRATELLA.
Araxes admigrateUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 192 (1863).
Cinercous-wliite : forewing partly cinereous-brown along the costal and posterior
borders ; crossed by a wbite-bordered black-pointed denticulated discal line, \vliich
is acutely bent inward from the upper median and again outward from the sulj-
median, followed by a recurved submarginal slender black denticulated line, and a
slender straight marginal line : hiudwing with brownish veins, and a slender
marginal Hne. Palpi brown-speckled ; forelegs brown above, tarsi with brown
bands.
Expanse to inch.
CULLADIA C-ESELLA.
Araxes Cwsella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 193 (1863).
Forewing ochreous-white, sparsely brown-speckled ; crossed by an indistinct
ansrulated discal brown line, on which is a darker brown dot below end of the cell,
followed by an angulated submarginal line, and a marginal row of black dots : hind-
wing pure white. Body ochreous-white ; labial palpi, base of maxillary palpi, and
forelegs ochreous-brown ; tip of maxillary white.
Expanse ti inch.
CULLADIA FAMULELLA.
Araxes famulella. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1765 (18G6).
Forewing pale ochreous-brown, crossed by a very indistinct brown angulated
discal line, with a prominent blackish spot below end of the cell, followed by a pale-
bordered slender brown angulated submarginal line, and a marginal row of black
points : hindwmg brownish-white. Body pale ochreous-brown.
Expanse y^ inch.
Genus CHILD.
Chilo, Zinken-Sommer, Germar's Mag. Ent. ii. p. 33 (1817); Stephens, Catal. ii. p. 221 (1829);
Treitschke, Eur. Sch. viii. p. 293 (1830); Stephens, Illust. Haust. iv. p. 333 (1834); Zeller,
Isis, 1839, p. 169; Monog. Chilo. et Cramb. p. 6 (1863); Gueuee, Micro, p. 95 (1845);
Stainton, Manual, ii. p. 184 (1859).
Palparia (part), Hawortli, Lep. Brit. p. 483 (1812).
Topeutis (part), Hiibner, Verz. Bek. Schmett. p. 336 (1825-7).
Male. Forewing elongated, lanceolate, apex acute ; cell two-thirds the length ;
first subcostal recurved upwards from one-third before end of the cell, second at one-
ninth, second and third equidistant, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular
concave in the middle, bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median
about one-ninth before end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian straight : hindwing
ample, apex produced, exterior margin convex in the middle ; cell nearly one-third
the length at its upper end and nearly two-thirds at its lower end ; two subcostals
384 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
from tlie end, upper joined to costal for a short distance beyond its base ; discocel-
lular bent obliquely inward to near half its length, the lower half longest and bent
obliquely outward, radial from extreme lower end ; middle median close to end of
cell, lower at nearly one-third ; submedian and two internal veins slightly recurved ;
base of median above, fringed. Body slender, abdomen extending about half beyond
hindwiugs, apex pointed ; labial palpi long, porrect, clothed with lax hairy scales ;
maxillary palpi oblique, large, densely clothed at the tip with lax hairy scales ;
antennaj stout, coarsely serrated, minutely pubescent in front ; legs squamous, spurs
rather stout, nearly equal. Female. Wings longer : f orewing prolonged and acute
at the apex ; antenna slender.
Type, C. phragmatellus.
CHILO DODATELLUS.
Chilo dodatelliis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 967 (1864), 5 .
Chilo aditcllus, Walker, id. p. 967, 9 .
Forewing bright ochreous-yellow, speckled with ochreous-red scales, which are
darker and confluent within the cell, and there form a longitudinal fascia ; a darker
spot at the upper and lower end of the fascia ; an inwardly-oblique discal ochreous-
red denticulated line, followed by a marginal row of minute red points : hiudwing
whitish.. Thorax, head, palpi, fore and middle femora bright ochreous-yellow;
abdomen and hindlegs ochreous-white ; fore tibias above, middle tibias and tarsi, and
hind tarsi ochreous-brown.
Expanse, $ -jV, ? l-i',7 to 1 n; inch.
CHILO DESISTALIS (Plate 184, Fig. 10).
Cramhvs demstalls. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 165 (1863).
Forewing very pale brownish-ochreous ; very sparsely speckled with longitudi-
nally disposed brown scales, of which those within and beyond the cell are more
numerous and there form a slight longitudinal abbreviated fascia j marginal points
black, minute : hiudwing pale brownish-cinereous. Thorax, head, and palpi very
pale brownish-ochreous ; abdomen brownish-cinereous ; legs pale brown.
Expanse ItV to Ito inch.
" Captured at Holnicot, March." (Machvood.)
Genus SCHCENOBIUS.
Sclunwbins, Duponchel, Catal. Lep. Eur. p. 312 (1844); GueQee, Micro, p. 95 (1845); Zeller,
Mouog. Cliilo. et Cramb. p. 3 (1863).
Chilo (part), Zinkeu-Sommer, Gueriu'^^ Mag. Eut. ii. p. 33 (1817) ; Treitscbke ; Stephens.
Fal^utria (part), Hawortb, Lep. P.rit. p. 482.
Eriopructus, Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 169
Male. Differs from CMlo : forewing with the apex obtuse ; the first subcostal
CRAMBIDjE. 385
emitted at nearly one-third before end of the cell, straight ; lower median at one-
fourth : hindwing narrower; apex and exterior margin convex, abdomen tufted at
apex ; labial palpi more compactly clothed, smoother, the third joint stouter and
almost fusiform; antenniB not so stout, and distiuctly biciliated, with fine short
lashes ; legs conspicuously longer, smoother, slender.
Type, S. gigantellus.
SCHffiNOBIUS BIPUNCTIFERA (Plate 184, Fig. 13).
Tipanma hipunctifera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 523 (1863).
Schcenobius punctellus, Zeller, Monogr. Chilo. et Cramb. p. 4 (1863).
Chilo graliosellus, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 967 (1864).
Forewing ochi'eous-yellow ; with a black spot at lower end of the cell : hindwing
ochreous-white. Thorax and legs pale ochreous-yellow ; abdomen and anal tuft
and palpi ochreous-white ; tarsi with brownish bands.
Expanse 1 to 1^ inch.
Genus CATA.GELA.
Catagela, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 191 (1863).
Male. Forewing narrow, lanceolate ; cell long, extending three-fifths the
length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-third before end of the cell, second and
third near the end, well separated, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular
concave, radials from close to each end ; middle median from angle near end of cell,
lower at nearly one-third ; submedian straight : hindwing very narrow, long, exterior
margin and anal angle convex; cell long, more than half the length; costal recurved ;
two subcostals from end of the cell, upper basally joined to the costal ; discocellular
outwardly oblique, very concave, radial from lower end ; middle median near end of
cell, lower at one third ; a submedian and two internal veins. Bbdy slender; labial
palpi porrect, very long, second joint with a short thick lax fringe in front and
beneath, third joint lanceolate, fully half-length of the second; maxillary palpi stout,
short, pointed ; antennse stout, thickly setaceous, pubescent ; legs slender, long,
hindlegs very long, spurs slender, long, unequal.
CATAGELA ADJURELLA.
Catagela adjuvella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 191 (1863).
Forewing pale dull brownish-ochreous, thickly speckled with ochreous-brown,
the speckles forming diffused brown ill-defined streaks between the veins and an
oblique fascia across the disc : hindwing whitish. Head, thorax, antennse, and
palpi, fore and middle legs brownish-ochreous ; abdomen and hind legs cinereous-
white.
Expanse f inch.
VOL. III. 3 D
386 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
CATAGELA ADMOTELLA.
Catagela admotcUa, Walker, C'atal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 192 (1863).
Schwnohius miimlelhts, Zeller, Monogr. Cliilo. et Cramb. p. 6 (1863).
Forewing very pale brownish-ochreous, sparsely speckled with minute brown
scales ; with three minute black equidistant spots below the cell, and a more promi-
nent spot at lower end of the cell; an indistinct oblique discal brown-speckled fascia,
and a marginal row of minute black points ; cilia whitish : hindwing whitish-ochreous.
Body, palpi, and legs very pale brownish-ochreous.
Expanse to inch.
Genus PELENA.
Forewing rather broad, elongate, apex acute, exterior margin slightly oblique,
posterior margin convex towards the base ; cell more than half the length ; first
subcostal at one-sixth before end of the cell, second close to the end, trifid, fifth
from the end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly concave at upper end, radials
from upper and lower end ; middle median close to end of the cell, lower about one-
fourth ; submedian straight : hindwing short, narrow, apex very convex ; cell nearly
half the length ; two subcostals from the end, upper joined to the costal for a short
distance beyond its end; discocellular concave, outwardly oblique, radial from the
lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower about one-third ; a straight
submedian and two internal veins. Body stout ; labial palpi slender, curved upward,
reaching the vertex, squamous, third joint one-third the length of second ; maxillary
palpi distinct, small ; antennas thick, minutely pubescent in front ; legs rather stout,
smooth.
PELENA UNICOLOK (Plate 184, Fig. 16).
Brownish-ochreous. Wings without markings : hindwing paler than the fore-
wing. Body, palpi, and legs brownish-ochreous.
Expanse 1-^ inch.
Genus PANALIPA.
Araxes (sect. 3), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. IM. xxvii. p. 193.
Wings small. Forewing elongate, rather broad, apex acute, exterior margin
oblique, straight ; cell about three-fifths the length ; first subcostal about one-fourth
before end of the cell, short, anastomosed to the costal close to end ; second and
third near end of cell, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular slender, concave,
radials fi^om the upper and lower end ; middle and lower median approximate, about
one-fourth before end of the cell; submedian straight: hindwing long, rather
narrow, apex convex ; cell half the length ; subcostals from end of the cell, upper
partly joined to the costal; discocellular bent inward before the middle, radial from
CRAMBIDyE. 387
lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and
internal veins straight. Body slender ; labial palpi long, porrect, second joint
slightly pilose above, third joint long and pointed; maxillary palpi short,
ascending ; antenna3 short, thick, pubescent in front ; legs slender, long, spurs long,
unequal.
PANALIPA IMMERITALIS.
Dosnra immeritalis, Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. M. xix. p. 830 (1859).
Ai-axes dccursella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 194 (1863).
Forewing yellowish-ochreous, without any markings : hindwing ochreous-white.
Body, head, palpi, and legs yellowish-ochreous ; forelegs brownish above.
Expanse \ inch.
Genus SCIRPOPHAGA.
Scirpophaga, Treitschke, Eur. Schmett. ix. p. 55(1832); Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 170; id. Monogr.
Chile, at Cramb. p. 1 (1863).
Male. Forewing very long, lanceolate ; cell long, more than two-thirds the
length ; first subcostal at one-third before end of the cell, straight, second and third
near the end, approximate, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular bent near
the ends and acutely inward in the middle ; the middle median at one-ninth before
end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian straight : hindwing narrow, exterior
margin very oblique, convex ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted
before end of the cell and slightly touching the costal near its end, second from end
of cell ; discocellular bent obliquely inward before the middle, radial from slight
angle near lower end ; middle median at one-seventh, lower at nearly half ; a sub-
median and two internal veins. Body long, abdomen extending half beyond hind-
wings ; anal tuft prominent in female ; thorax laxly clothed ; antennge biciliated,
the lashes rather long; labial palpi rather decumbent, pointed at the tip, laxly
clothed ; maxillary palpi distinct, dilated with lax scales at the tip ; legs long, spurs
unequal. Female. Wings longer ; apex of forewings more acute ; palpi shorter ;
antennae setaceous ; abdomen with a broad anal tuft.
Tijpe, S. prtelata.
SCIRPOPHAGA AURIFLUA.
Scirpophaga aurifua, Zeller, Monogr. Chilo. et Cramb. p. 2 (1863).
Silky -white. Wings without any markings. Body white ; abdomen with broad
cinereous-grey bands above and beneath, anal tuft luteous ; palpi and forelegs with
cinereous-grey bands.
Expanse Ito inch.
3 D 2
388 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
Genus APURIMA.
Apurima, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hef. B. M. xxvii. p. 194 (1863).
Male. Differs from Scirpophaga in the forewing being more acute at the apex,
exterior margin very oblique, the first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of
the cell and partly joined to the costal near its end : hindwiug rather long, narrow,
exterior margin and anal angle very oblique ; cell about half the length, broader ;
subcostals emitted from a footstalk at a short distance beyond end of the cell, the
first partly joined to costal close to the base. Labial palpi very much longer, porrect,
laxly pilose ; maxillary palpi also longer and laxly pilose ; antenna slender, very
minutely serrated and pubescent in front.
APTJEIMA XANTHOGASTEELLA (Plate 184, Fig. 14, <J).
Apurma xantlwrjastrcUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 194 (1803), S .
Silky-white. Wings without any markings. Abdomen white, with a bright
luteous anal tuft ; tarsi with pale cinereous-brown bands.
Expanse In, inch.
APURIMA COSTALIS (Pl.\te 184, Fig. 15, <?).
Male. Wings shorter and of a duller silky-white colour than in A. xantho-
(jastrella. Both the forewings and hindwings with the costal edge distinctly
fuliginous-brown. Under side of forewing entirely fuliginous-brown. Palpi at the
side, pectus, forelegs in front, and tarsi fuliginous-brown.
Expanse Itu inch.
Genus PATISSA.
Male. Forewing elongate, rather broad ; costa arched at the base, apex pointed,
exterior margin oblique, straight, posterior angle convex ; cell two-thirds the length ;
first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of the cell, joined to the costal
before reaching above end of the cell ; second from near end of the cell, trifid, fifth
from the end ; discocellular extremely slender, slightly concave in the middle, bent
near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle median at one-eighth before end of
cell, lower at one-third ; submedian straight: hindwiug rather long, narrow, ajjex
obtusely pointed ; costal vein curved and tumid at the base ; subcostal free from the
costal at its base, two subcostal branches from end of cell, upper partly joined to the
costal ; discocellular bent acutely inward in the middle, and emitting a slender vein-
let within the cell, radial from slight angle near lower end ; middle median at one-
sixth before end of cell, lower at fully one-third; a submedian and two stiaight
internal veins. Body rather slender, abdomen slightly tufted at the sides and at
apex, extending beyond hindwings ; labial palpi obliquely ascending, recurved,
reaching to level of the vertex, uniformly hir.sute; maxillary palpi reaching to
CRAMBIDuE. 389
vertex, pilose ; antenniB rather stout, serrated and finely ciliated, shaft scabrous ;
legs slender, smooth, rather long, spurs long, unequal.
PATISSA LACTEALIS (Plate 184, Fig. 11.)
Metasia lactealis, Felder et Rogenh. Nov. Voy. Lop. iv. pi. 137, fig. 38 (1875).
Male and Female. White : foi^ewing with a transverse indistinct ochreous-
brown speckled antemedial narrow band, which is bent outward within the ceil,
followed by an inwardly-oblique similar discal, anda sub marginal band; some ochreous-
brown speckles also at end of the cell ; base of the costa edged with brown :
hindwing with a few ochreous-brown speckles at and above the anal angle.
Body, head, and maxillary palpi white ; labial palpi and forelegs above ochreous-
brown.
Expanse t^ inch.
Genus RAMILA.
Ramlla, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 667.
Forewing elongate, triangular ; costa nearly straight, apex pointed, slightly
falcate in the female, exterior margin oblique, straight, posterior margin slightly
convex towards the base ;, cell two-thirds the length ; first subcostal at nearly half
before end of the cell, very short, anastomosed to the costal, second at one eighth,
third from end of the cell, trifid ; discocellular deeply bent in the middle, radials
from slight angles near each end ; middle median at one-sixth before end of cell,
lower at two-fifths ; submedian nearly straight : hindwing short, somewhat quadrate ;
apex obtuse, exterior margin oblique, straight to lower median, anal angle truncate ;
cell one-third the length; subcostals on a footstalk a short distance beyond the cell,
upper slightly joined to costal near the base; discocellular outwardly oblique, bent
deeply before the middle, radial close to lower end ; middle median at one-fifth,
lower at one-third ; submedian and internal veins straight. Body moderately stout,
abdomen long; head prominent, large, conical in front ; labial palpi porrect,
projecting half beyond the head, laxly squamous, apex pointed ; maxillary
palpi long, extending to near end of labial, pilose at the tip ; legs moderately stout,
squamous, long, spurs slender ; antennae minutely serrated and pubescent in front.
Tyjpe, R. marginella.
RAMILA ACCIUSALIS (Plate 1S4, Fig. 5).
Mar(jaronia Acchisaiis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix p. 977 (1859).
Pure white, silky. Both wings crossed by an ochreous-red curved slender ante-
medial line, an undulated postmedial line, and a black-pointed marginal line; ciKa with
abroad ochreous-red inner band traversed by a slender black line, this band ending at
the lower median vein, below which the cilia is pure white: forewing also with an.
390 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
oclireous-red costal band and a lunule at end of the cell. Front of head, palpi, and
forelegs ochreous-red ; fore tarsi with white bands.
Expanse -fu to to inch.
Family ENNOMIDiE.
Wings with the exterior margins generally more or less angulated or notched.
Antcnnte of male generally bipectinated, with the branches ciliated, in some genera
in the female also ; palpi squamous-hirsute, rarely very long, straight or slightly
ascending ; legs moderately long, hind tibiae often thickened.
Larva with ten legs, looped; in some with twelve or fourteen legs, the
additional legs rarely used in walking ; elongated, twig-like ; often with lateral
projections or dorsal prominences. Lives uncovered on trees and shrubs. Pupa
enclosed between leaves, or in the earth.
Genus ANGERONA.
Anrjerona, Dupouchel, Lep. Fr. iv. p. 181; Stephens, lUust. Haust. iii. p. 172 (1831); Guenee,
Phal. i. p. 114 (1857) ; Stainton, Manual, ii. p. 10 (1859) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M.
XX. p. 141 (1860).
Crocota (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 295.
Ennomos (part), Trcitschke, Schmett. Eiir. vi. p. 41.
Male. Forewing somewhat long, rather narrow, apex acute, exterior margin
slightly convex, hardly oblique, posterior margin almost straight ; cell more than
half the length, wide at the end; costal vein forked near its end; first subcostal
emitted at one-fifth before end of the cell, second at one-tenth, trifid, slightly
touching the first above base of the fourth; fifth from end of the cell; discocellular
concave, i-adial from the middle ; the middle median from angle near end of cell,
lower about one-third ; submedian straight : hindwing somewhat long, exterior
margin very convex, scalloped ; cell about half the length ; subcostal vein bent near
its base, first branch before end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave;
middle median near end of the cell, lower at one third. Body slender ; antennae
bipectinated, the branches ciliated ; palpi slender; legs long, hind tibiae incrassated,
spurs short, stout.
Tyi)(', A. prunaria.
ANGERONA CESSARIA (Plate 185, f. 7. 7a. S %).
Boarmia ccsmria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 383 (18G0), S.
Angeronia pnedararia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1499 (1862), 9.
Testaceous ; mostly covered with irregular, transverse, short, brown, confluent
strigaj, which ai-e more thinly dispersed along the costal border and basal area of
ENNOMIDjE. 391
the male, and thickest and darkest on the exterior border : forewing crossed by a
blackish, denticulated, antemedial, and a postmedial line, and an ill-defined brown
medial fascia ; a snbmarginal row of pale centred black points, the lowest one being
most prominent : hindwing with a similar medial fascia, discal denticulated line, and
submarginal row of pale testaceous points, the anal and apical angle also with
some testaceous streaks.
Expanse 1-nr to Ittt inch.
Genus SCARDAMIA.
Scanlamia, Gut'nee, Phal. i. p. 89 (1857).
Laginia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 245 (1860).
Forewing rather narrow, elongated ; apex hardly acute, exterior margin slightly
oblique ; cell rather more than half the length ; costal vein forked near the end ;
first subcostal at two-fifths before end of the cell, second close to first, trifid, fifth
from the end; discocellular outwardly-oblique, slender, radial from the middle; the
middle median close to end of cell, lower about one-third : hindwing short, exterior
margin convex ; cell fully half the length ; costal and subcostal curved upward at the
base ; first subcostal at one-fourth ; discocellular outwardly oblique ; the middle
median close to end of cell, lower at nearly half. Body moderately stout ; frontal tuft
smooth, broad ; antennae in male broadly bipectinated to near the tip, the branches
ciliated ; palpi obliquely ascending, rising a little above the vertex, smoothly squa-
mous, second joint long, third very minute ; legs long, smooth, slender ; spurs rather
long slender.
SCARDAMIA METALLARIA (Plate 185, Fig. 2,^).
Scardamia metallaria, Gucnee, Phal. i. p. 89 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 112.
Laginia bractearia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 245 (1860).
Scardamia taprobanes, Felder and Rogenh. Nov. Rcise, Lep. v. pi. 122, f. 2 (1875).
Reddish-ochreous ; the basal two-thirds with short transverse darker strigaj.
Both wings with a transverse narrow medial, discal, and a marginal metallic silvery-
black Une, the medial fine on the forewing being continued along the costa to the
base ; the outer border traversed by a greyish fascia, marked with short, slender,
black strigfe ; a small brown spot at end of each cell ; costal border of forewing
greyish-ochreous. Thorax with a silvery collar ; abdomen with whitish bands ;
antenuEe brown, shaft white edged ; body, palpi, and legs reddish-ochreous.
Expanse, S tV, ? ItV inch.
Genus LAGYRA.
Lagyra, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. JI. xx. p. 58 (1860).
Chizala, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 264 08GO).
Male. Forewing elongate, triangular, apex produced and falcated ; cell more
392 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
than half the length, broad at the end ; first subcostal at one-sixth before end of the
cell, bifid near the base, third close to end of cell, trifid, the third and fourth equi-
distant from the fifth ; discocellular inwardly oblique, bent inward at one-third from
its upper end, and outward at two-thirds, radial from the upper angle ; middle
median near end of cell, lower at one-half: hindwing short, broad, quadrate ; exterior
margin angular in the middle ; cell long, about two-thirds the length, wide at the
base ; the costal and subcostal much curved upward at the base ; first subcostal near
end of cell; discocellular concave ; middle median near end of cell, lower at one-
half. Body moderately slender, abdomen not extending beyond hindwings ; antenna
broadly bipectinated and ciliated to one-third of the tip ; palpi short, stout, pro-
jecting in front, third joint veiy minute, conical ; legs moderately long, rather stout,
laxly clothed with hairy scales, which are rather long beneath ; spurs moderately long
and stout. Female : forewiug excavated below the apex, sinuous hindward ; hind-
wing slightly sinuous.
Tiipe, L. talaca.
This genus is allied to Ilijposidra, Guenee.
LAGYRA TALACA (Plate 185, Fig. 1, laS ?, li larva).
Lagyra Talaca, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 59 (1860). ? ; id. xxvi. p. 1484, ? .
Chizala deceptatura, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 2G4 (1860), (J.
Lagyra hombycaria. Walker, id. xxxv. p. 1539 (1866), (5*.
CholUda falcata, Walker, Ms B. M. Coll., S-
Male. Glaucescent cinereous-brown, very sparsely speckled with darker brown :
forewing with an indistinctly defined, narrow, angulated, antemedial darker brown-
bordered fascia, and a similar broader medial fascia : hindwing with a similar coloured
curved antemedial, and a narrow angulated medial fascia, the two corresponding with
the medial fascia of the forewing ; the cilia dark-brown. Palpi and antenna dark-
brown. Female glaucescent cinereous-brown, some being tinged with ochreous ; both
wings with similar darker fascia.
Expanse, S l-j^, ? 2^ inch.
Larva with ten legs ; looped ; pinkish olivaceous-green, minutely black speckled ;
with a black lateral spot on the fifth and seventh segments. Pupa olivaceous-green
and reddish.
" Feeds on Jamhona, Gomhretum, and Ficus iJarasitirAis" {Tlnvaites).
Genus HYPERYTHRA.
Hyperylhra, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 99 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 124 (18G0).
Male. Forewing somewhat lanceolate, apex acute ; cell less than half the length,
first subcostal emitted at one-fifth, second about one-tenth, quadrifid, the sixth from
end of cell ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly concave, radial from the middle ;
ENNOMIDJE. 393
the middle median near end of cell, lower at two-fifths : hindwlng rather short,
broad, exterior margin slightly dentated; cell very short, about ono-fourth the
length ; on the upperside is a glandular depression near upper base of the cell, from
which projects a long fascicle of black-tipt hairs ; costal vein bent downward above
end of the cell ; first subcostal about one-third before end of cell ; discocellular out-
wardly-oblique ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at nearly one-third.
Body slender, short ; antennae long, bipectinated to within one-third the tip ; frontal
tuft depressed, projecting; palpi somewhat decumbent, second joint stout, laxly
squamous, third joint smooth, cylindrical and pointed; legs long, slender, hind
tibiee slender, spurs long, slender.
Type, H. lutea {llmholaria, Guen.).
HYPERYTHRA LUTEA (Plate 185, Fig. G, Ga $ q).
Phahrna Geometra lutea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. 157. pi. 370. f. C. D (1781), ? .
Iliiperiithra lutea. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xx. p. 127 (1860).
Phal. Geom. flavaria, Fabricius, Mant. Eut. ii. p. 187 (1787) ; Eat. Syst. iii. 2. p. 169 (1794).
Hi/po-t/thra pemcillaria, Guenee, Phal, i. p. 101 (1857),^.
Hyperijthra limholaria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 101. pi. 3. f. 3, 4 (1857) 2 .
Aspilates susceptaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1664 (1866).
Male. Yellowish-ochreous, numerously covered, except on base of the hindwing,
with partly confluent ferruginous-brown strigse, which form more or less defined
darker transverse antemedial and postmedial fasciaa, the latter sometimes broken and
apparent only as patches on the disc and towards the apex. On the upperside of
the hindwing is a fascicle of long black-tipt hairs, arising from a depression near base
of the cell. Antennas brown, shaft purple-brown and white speckled ; palpi purplish-
brown and white speckled; forelegs purpUsh-brown, with the base of each joint
white speckled.
Female. Ochreous-yellow, sparsely speckled with minute ochreous-brown
scales; crossed by a more or less defined antemedial, medial, and a postmedial
brown-speckled line, the latter with outer-bordered ill-defined brown patches, the
darkest of which is near apex of the hindwing.
Expanse S l-f^ ? lyV inch.
Genus FASCELLINA.
Fascellina, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 215 (1860).
Forewing elongate, rather narrow ; costa arched towards the end, apex acute,
exterior margin slightly oblique and excavated at the lower end, angle rounded,
posterior margin concave at the end ; cell more than half the length ; costal vein
forked near the end ; first subcostal at one-fourth before end of cell, trifid, the
first branch anastomosed for a short distance to fork of the costal, beyond its base,
VOL. III. , 3 E
394 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
fourth subcostal emitted uear to the first and slightly touching the second beyond
its base ; discocellular slender, radial from above the middle ; the middle median close
to end of cell, lower about one-third ; submedian recurved : hindwing short ; costa
convex, apex excavated, exterior margin convex ; cell about half the length ; costal
vein curved upward at the base ; subcostal bent upward to the costal near the base,
first branch near end of the cell ; discocellular slender ; the middle median close to
end of cell, lower at one-fourth. Body moderately stout; antennse minutely bi-
ciliated ; frontal tuft projecting ; palpi obliquely ascending, compactly clothed, second
joint reaching beyond the tuft, apical joint short, conical ; legs long, squamous, spurs
long, slender.
Type, F. chromataria.
FASCELLINA CEYLONICA (Plate 187, Fig. 3, 3a larva).
Dark olive-green, fading to olivaceous ochreous-brown : forewing with several
short blackish transverse strigas, an indistinct blackish-speckled transverse ante-
medial, medial, and a postmedial line, the area between the two latter darker
coloured, the former line bent inward to the costa, the outer line angulated and
obsolescent at the apex ; costal border lilacine-grey : hindwing with a few scattered
black scales, and a very indistinct darker transverse fascia. Underside ochreous-
yellow ; basal areas palest ; strigee distinct ; forewing suffused with pale violaceous,
the base of costa being yellowish ; crossed by a medial oblique ferruginous band,
which is angled inward to the costa on its outer end and is also outwardly bordered
with a lilacine-white line : hindwing crossed by a broad medial pale ferruginous
curved band, the inner border of which is curved, the outer border waved and
edged with lilacine-white, this band in F. chromataria being waved on each side, and
the inner border merging into the outer and thence ending together above the
anal angle.
Expanse Ittt inch.
Larva with 1 0 legs ; looped ; purplish-black, varied with purple-red on anterior
segments ; with four pairs of short red conical dorsal prominences ; head cleft above.
Papa purple-black, narrow ; head truncate.
"Feeds on Cinnamomea" {Thivaltes).
Genus ORSONOBA.
Orsonoha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 218 (1860).
Gonodontis (part) Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 287.
Forewing rather long, costa slightly arched towards the end, exterior margin
oblique, acutely angulated, posterior margin concave towards the end; cell narrow,
fully half the length ; first subcostal at one-fifth before end of cell, second close to
ENNOMID^. 395
the first, third near end of the cell, trifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular con-
cave, radial from the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at about
one-fifth : hindwing short, costa very short, concave in the middle, apex rather
pointed, exterior margin angulatod at end of first subcostal, and at upper median
vein ; cell half the length ; first subcostal near end ; two upper medians from end
of cell, lower at one-fifth ; discocellular obhquely concave. Body moderately slender ;
antenna in male broadly bipectinated to one-third the end, the branches ciliated ;
antenuEe setaceous in female; palpi thick, broad, somewhat porrected, third joint
minute ; legs rather stout, moderately long, spurs rather short.
Tijpc, O. Rajaca.
ORSONOBA RAJACA (Plate 187, Fig. 1, \a S 'i , U larva).
Orsomba Rajaca, Walker, Catal, Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 219 (1860).
Fradiola ahruptaria, Walker, Ms. B. M. Coll.
Cinereous-oclireous ; wings transversely speckled with pale ferruginous ; fore-
wing crossed by an antemedial inwardly-oblique pale dusky ferruginous rather
indistinct diffuse line, and a broad similar postmedial fascia, both being bent inward
near the costa ; an indistinct minute white-centred blackish dot at end of the cell :
hindwing with similar coloured indistinct medial and a postmedial narrow fascia, the
former crossing a white-centred blackish spot at end of the cell.
Expanse <? ItV ? lixr inch.
Larva with 10 legs ; looped ; dusky olivaceous-brown, with a few short fine dorsal
hairs, some minute dorsal points and two larger prominences on the sixth and
twelfth segment. Pupa enclosed between leaves.
"Feeds on a Convolvulaceous plant." {Madras, Elliot).
ORSONOBA CLELIA (Plate 187, Fig. 2, 5 ).
Phalana Cldia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 172. pi. 288, f. B. C. (1780).
Gonodontis Cleliaria, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 287 (1818-25).
Azelina Clelia, Walker, Catal, Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 195.
Cinereous ; wings sparsely speckled with minute dark ferruginous scales : fore-
wing crossed by a dark ferruginous -speckled inwardly-oblique antemedial line, and
a similar waved denticulated postmedial line; the lower area between the lines
mostly covered with confluent ferruginous strigae, the discal area also traversed by
a ferruginous fascia ; a blackish-speckled white-centred lunule at end of the cell :
hindwing crossed by a medial and a postmedial ferruginous fascia, the former crossing
a black-bordered white spot at end of the cell ; exterior borders also slightly suffused
with ferrugiuous.
Expanse 2 inches.
396 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON.
Genus PETELIA.
Petelia, H. SchaBfFer, Samm. Aussereur, Scbmett. f. 524 (1858),
Bargosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 479 (1860).
Wings short, broad : forewing triangular ; cell half the length ; first subcostal
at one-fifth, second approximate, quadrifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular
very slender, outwardly oblique, nearly straight ; radial from the middle ; the middle
median close to end of cell, lower fully two-fifths : hindwing convexly angular in
the middle ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal near the end ; discocellular
very slender, outwardly oblique ; middle median close to end, lower fully two-fifths.
Body stout ; abdomen keeled, laterally tufted in male ; thorax laxly clothed ; palpi
obliquely porrected, compressed, second joint extending half beyond the eyes, third
joint short, cylindrical ; antennas of male very long, bipectinated to one-third the
tip, ciliated ; setaceous in female ; legs long, squamous, hind tibiae not thickened,
spurs moderately long, slendei".
Type, P. medardaria.
PETELIA MEDARDARIA (Plate 193, Fig. 2, 2a, ^ ?, 26 larva).
Petelia medardaria, H SchaBffer, Samm. Aussereur, Schmett. f. 534 (1858),^.
Bargosa Chanduhija, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 480 (1860), $ j.
Bargosa distracta, Walker, id. p. 481, $ .
Bargosa Chacoraca, Walker, id. p. 481, ?.
Ephgra strigidataria, Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1575 (1802),,? ?.
Ochre on s -brown ; wings with a lilaciue tinge ; with numerous short slender
transverse black strig^. Male crossed by a subbasal and a medial oblique blackish
Ime, both being more or less diffuse ; the strigee more numerously clustered befoi-e
the apex of both wings ; a small black spot at end of the cell, that on the hindwing
with white centre; bordering the lines, and across the discal area are diffused
ochreous shades ; marginal points black. Female with the transverse lines more or
less obsolescent. Underside ochreous-white ; with broad brownish marginal band,
and large black cell spot. Antennae of male blackish cinereous, base and vertex in
female white.
Expanse Ijo.
Larva with 10 legs ; smooth ; purplish red, with slender longitudinal black
lines; spiracles white. Pupa red, greenish in fi-ont, segments ringed with
yellow.
Genus ALANA.
Alana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1567 (1866).
Pachi/dia (part), Guoaee, Phal. ii. p. 137 (1857).
Female. Wings short, broad ; forewing acute at the apex, costa very convex
ENNOMIDJE. 397
at the base, exterior margin hardly oblique, very slightly convex ; coll two-fifths the
length; first subcostal about two-fifths, second contiguous, quadrifid, sixth from
end of cell; discocellular very slender, outwardly-oblique; middle median near end,
lower at two-fifths : hindwing convex ; first subcostal close to end of cell, disco-
cellular extremely slender ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-third.
Body very stout; palpi ascending to level of vertex; rather narrow, third joint
cylindrical, nearly half length of second; antennaa setaceous; legs long, slender,
spurs long and slender.
ly^c, A. vexilliaria.
ALANA VEXILLIARIA (Plate 193, Fig. 3,2).
Pachydia vexiUiai'ia, Guuuee, Phal. ii. p. 138 (1857),?; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii.
p. 1020.
Pachydia capitata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 1019 (1861), 5 ,
Alana 7-ubiginata, "Walker, id. xxxv. p. 1568 (1866), ?.
Female. Dark ferruginous ; brownish basally and exteriorly ; crossed by
numerous darker brown strigse. Forewing crossed by three undulating darkei-
ferruginous lines, of which the outer is medial; a submargiual wavy brown line, and
a whitish-speckled subapical patch, some speckles partly extending down the sub-
marginal line ; the area between the medial and second line also slightly white
speckled : hindwing with a subbasal ferruginous line, and a waved discal brown
line ; marginal points on both wings whitish. Antennge, and vertex whitish.
Expanse ? If inch.
Note. — Male unknown (^ Eyperijtlira Biobearia, Walker).
Genus SABARIA.
Sabaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 492 (1860).
" Wings moderately broad : forewing slightly convex along the costa, rectangular
at the tips, exterior margin convex in the middle and slightly excavated on each
side : hindwing with the exterior border slightly emarginate, interior angle rather
prominent. Body moderately stout ; palpi very short, not extending to the front of
the head, third joint conical, about one-fourth length of the second ; antennae
moderately pectinated to three-fourths the tip; abdomen not extending beyond
hindwing; legs stout, bare, spurs long."
SABARIA CONTRACTARIA.
Sabaria contractaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 492 (1860), <?.
" Male. Cinereous ; with a luteous tinge, which is most apparent on the under-
side : forewing irregularly covered with transverse pale brownish points and minute
398 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
streaks ; costa with two nearly triangular pale brownish spots : hindwiug more
thickly covered with paler and more minute points.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Hdh. Ceylon. In collection of B. L. Layard.
Family EROSIIDJE.
Forewing either long and narrow, or short and broad, sometimes dentate :
hiudwing short, generally broad, dentate or notched, in some almost caudate. Both
wings in some genei'a longitudinally convoluted when at rest. Palpi slender, porrect,
or incumbent ; antennas short, curly, robust, velvety, crenulated, rarely pectinate in
the male.
Larva with 16 legs; cylindrical, truncate at the end; with a few short fine
hairs. Pupa short, stout, head broad ; formed in a slight web.
Note. — The genera comprised in this family were arranged by Gueuee and
Walker with the Microniida3. They have, however, no aflBnity with that family, and
should be removed near to the Agaristidse and ChalcosiidiB.
*-&"
Genus GATHYNIA.
Gathynia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1639 (1862).
Wings small. Forewing narrow, apex almost convex, exterior margin oblique
and slightly convex ; cell half the length ; first subcostal from about one-third before
end of cell, bifid at one-third from its base, third close to and almost touching the
first its entire length, bifid near its end, fifth from very close to end of cell, sixth
from the end ; discocellular slender, zigzag, radial from upper angle ; middle median
close to end of cell, lower at two-thirds : hindwing very short, costa very convex at
the base, concave towards the end, exterior margin outwardly oblique anteriorly,
dentated, the cilia long at the angles ; cell half the length ; costal much recurved ;
two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular very slender, radial from the middle ;
two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-half before the end. Body rather
stout ; antennas stout, curly, compressed, laminated in front, the blades not separated ;
palpi slender, linear, slightly oblique, smooth, projecting beyond the head ; legs
rather short, stout, smoothly squamojJis, spurs long. Has the habit of convoluting
the forewings when at rest.
Tijpi', G. miraria.
GATHYNIA MIRARIA (Plate 187, Fig. 4.)
Gathijnia Miraria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1639 (1862).
Cinereous-brown, darker speckled ; forewing with an indistinct darker spot at
EBOSIID.E. 399
end of the cell, and a curved discal fascia ; a slender short black line from tlie apex,
whicli is bordered inwardly by luteous ; hindwing with a narrow sinuous black-
bordered luteous discal line, and a black sinuous marginal line, both interrupted by
a longitudinal pale medial fascia ; two outwardly oblique black streaks on the
costa.
Expanse nr to t'o inch.
Taken at " Dickoyia" (Green).
Has the habit of folding the forewings longitudinally when at rest.
Genus DIRADES.
Dirades, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxv. p. 1650 (1866).
Wings small. Forewing narrow, elongated, slightly rounded at the apex, ex-
terior margin oblique, posterior margin concave towards the end; cell half the
length ; first, second, and third subcostals close together, first at nearly half before
end of the cell, third bifid near its end, fifth and sixth on a footstalk at one-third
beyond the cell ; discocellular slender, radial from near upper end ; middle median
at one-third, lower at two-thirds before end of the cell ; hindwing short, costa arched
at the base, fringed; exterior margin sinuous, angulated below apex and in the
middle ; cell half the length, disposed along middle of the wing ; two subcostals
from end of cell ; discocellular slender, radial from the middle ; two upper medians
from end of cell, lower at one-third. Body stout ; antenna short, curly, thick,
compressed ; palpi smooth, slender, rather short ; legs slender, smooth, hind tibi^
slightly incrassated, spurs long, slender.
Type, D. binotata.
DIRADES BINOTATA (Plate 186, Fig. 7, ?).
Dirades binotata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1650 (1866).
Dark cinereous, sparsely speckled with minute black scales : forewing with a
postmedial ferruginous-bordered cinereous line, which is curved inward and upward
on the middle of the disc ; below it is a similar coloured curved line, the inner border
of which is ferruginous and forms a dark patch ; a submarginal sinuous cinereous-
bordered black line, the space between it and the exterior margin being greyish-
brown : hindwing with a transverse curved slender antemedial ferruginous-bordered
cinereous line, and a more distinct waved discal line, beyond which is the submarginal
sinuous line with the space between it and outer margin greyish-brown ; the lower
basal and apical area thickly speckled with ferruginous.
Expanse to inch.
DIEADES CONIFERA (Plate 186, Fig. 8).
Male. Cinereous ochreous-brown : forewing with an outwardly-oblique short
100 THE LEPinOPTERA OF CEYLON:
antemedial blackisli-bordered cinereous line, wbicli is curved upward and forms a
similar postmedial line, and below it is a large pale-bordered dark brown, almost
black, conical patch on the posterior margin ; outer border traversed by a sub-
marginal series of small blackish-speckled spots : hindwing with a pale slender
cinereous antemedial and a curved discal line, the inner and basal area being mostly
dusky ferruginous ; a submarginal series of minute black speckled spots.
Exjoanse xo inch.
DIRADES FRUNAEIA.
Dark cinereous purplish-brown, sparsely black speckled : forewing with an ill-
defined slightly ferruginous-bordered darker medial costal triangular-shaped patch,
lielow which is a similar posterior patch, both appearing almost as a transverse
constricted band ; a submarginal black slender Kne : hindwing crossed by an
indistinct ferruginous waved discal line, and a less distinct similar marginal line.
Expanse ttt inch.
DIRADES ADJUTARIA (Plate 186, Fig. 9).
Erosia adjutaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 849 (1861j, $ .
Erosiu verticaria, Fekler et Rogen. Lep. Nov. Raise, pi. 128, f. 7 (1875).
Cinereous-brown : forewing with an outwardly-oblique shox^t medial and a post-
medial ferruginous-bordered cinereous line, the outer line being curved at its lower
end, but not joined to the inner line ; a similar coloured curved line on the posterior
boi^der, the inner area of which is blackish-ferruginous ; exterior margin narrowly
ferruginous, with a slender submarginal sinuous black-bordered cinereous line :
hindwing crossed by a curved medial and angulated discal ferruginous-bordered
cinereous line, and a submarginal sinuous black-bordered cinerous line; the area
between the medial and discal lines being dusky ferruginous.
Expanse -^ inch.
Taken at " Dickoyia " {Green).
DIRADES OBSCURARIA (Plate 186, Fig 6).
Cinereous-ochreous, flecked with short brown strigas : forewing with an outwardly
curved transverse antemedial and a postmedial ferruginous-brown diffuse line, both
angulated outward in the middle, the latter line ending in a ferruginous spot on
the posterior margin ; a submarginal series of minute black points ; some blackish
flecks along the costal border : hindwing with a medial and discal pale-bordered
ferruginous angulated line, and a similar sinuous mai-ginal line. Front of head,
palpi, and forelegs blackish.
Expanse tV inch.
Taken at " Panduloya " {Green).
EROSIID^. -101
DIRADES FERRUGATA.
Dirades fcrrugata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxv. p. 16,Jl (18G6).
Cinereous-brown, suffused with ferruginous. Wings with an anteraedial and
postmedial transverse undulating darker hue: forewing with a pale costal stripe
from near the base : hindwing whitish, and speckled along the abdominal border.
Head in front dark brown ; abdomen whitish towards the apex ; forelegs cinereous-
brown ; middle and hind legs whitish.
Expanse It inch.
DIRADES aUADRICAUDATA (Plate 186, Fig. 1, ?, la larva.)
Erosia quadricandata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het B. M. xxiii. p. 847 (1861), j.
Erosia varisaria. Walker, id. p. 848, $ .
Reddish cinereous : forewing with a few indistinct transversely-disposed black
antemedial points, an outwardly oblique short black postmedial costal streak, and
a short angular streak on posterior margin; two or three indistinct black dots also
below end of the upper streak ; exterior margin with a ferruginous-brown narrow
fascia, which is inwardly-bordered anteriorly by a slender black sinuous line : hind-
wing with a transverse angulated ferruginous-brown bordered cinereous discal line,
the inner border of which has black points ; marginal border ferruginous, inwardly-
bordered by a cinereous-edged blackish line ; some black speckles at the base, and
on abdominal margin. Cilia ferruginous; front of head, and palpi, blackish.
Expanse 1 -to inch.
Larva with 16 legs ; cyhndrical; anal segment truncate; colour dark purple,
with a few very fine short clavate hairs ; spiracles white. Pupa short, thick, head
truncate ; formed within a slight web.
"Feeds on Cinchona" (Thwaites).
DIRADES PALACA (Plate 186, Fig. 2).
Erosia Palaca, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 849 (1861), ?.
Very pale purplish-cinereous, numerously flecked with blackish strigte : fore-
wing with a very indistinct transverse blackish-speckled ferruginous curved ante-
medial line, a prominent discal blackish-bordered whitish angulated line, the
borders of which are also slightly suffused with ferruginous ; and an angulated sub-
marginal series of black points, which are ferruginous-bordered below the apex :
hindwing with a subbasal blackish line, a similar discal angulated line with a
blackish patch on its upper anal end, the anterior end ferruginous-bordered; a
ferruginous streak at end of the cell and along the median to its base ; a medial
VOL. in. 3 ^
402 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOX.
svibmarginal ferruginous-bordered black sinuous line. Front of head, palpi, and
forelegs blackish.
Expanse 1 to lyV inch.
Taken at " Pelloya " {Green.)
LIRADES RHAGAVATA (Plate 186, Fig. 3).
Erosia Rhwjavata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 848 (1861), 9.
Whitish cinereous, with numerous short transverse very pale brown strig93 :
forewing crossed by an indistinct ferruginous-speckled antemedial line, and a waved
postmedial line ; some black speckled points below the apex : hind wing with the
medial area from the base devoid of brown strigse ; with a ferruginous-bordered white
discal line, which is slightly curved to the median vein, where it is convexly
angular, and from thence waved to al)ove anal angle, its upper end being dusky
speckled ; a blackish cinereous-bordered sinuous submargiual line, and some black
apical dots ; a ferruginous line at end of the cell, which is continued up the median
to its base. Front of head, and legs in front whitish.
Expanse lyV inch.
DIRADES LILACINA (Plate 186, Fig. 4).
Pale lilacine-grey : forewing sparsely flecked with pale brown ; with two trans-
versely disposed antemedial black dots, a ferruginous-speckled bordered blackish
postmedial irregular short line, below which is a constricted conical blackish-
bordered ferruginous spot ; an upper submargiual ferruginous-bordered black
lunular line : hindwing with the anterior border devoid of brown flecks ; the pos-
terior half darker, with ferruginous and prominent black flecks ; a transverse re-
curved slender black-bordered white discal line, which is angulated below the middle,
and has a dark ferruginous upper patch near its lower end ; a ferruginous streak
at end of cell, a submargiual ferruginous-bordered black sinuous line. Front of
head, palpi, and forelegs black.
Expanse 1 inch.
Taken at "Bamagalla, Dec." (Machvood.)
DIRALES PARVULA (Plate 186, Fig. 5.)
Nearest allied to D. Vdac'ma. Smaller ; pale greyish-ochreous, minutely brown
speckled : forewing witli some darker flecks along the costa ; a recurved antemedial
indistinct blackish-speckled line, and a postmedial angulated ferruginous-brown line,
which is blackish at the costal end, and is indistinctly continuous with a dusky
black patch on the posterior mai'gin ; a curved sinuous submargiual line, which is
brown-bordered below the apex : hindwing with a subbasal blackish speckled line,
an acutely angular pale-bordered black discal line with a blackish upper patch near
EllOSIITJyE. 403
anal end, a middle siibmargiual black lunular line, and a Ijlack streak at end of coll.
Front of head, palpi, and forelegs blackish.
Expanse | inch.
Taken at " Pelloya" {Green).
DIRADES IRRORATA (Plate 18G, Fig. 10).
Cinereoiis-white, numerously covered with purplish black fleckles : forewing
with tlu-ee equidistant transverse ochreous fascise, and a marginal series of black
points ; a whitish spot at end of the cell : hindwiug with three ill-defined ochreous
fascia3, and an interrupted submarginal lunular whitish line ; a triangular white
spot at end of the cell.
Expanse f q- inch.
DIRADES LATIFASCIATA (Plate 186, Fig. 12, 1'2«, c? ?, 12i larva).
Grey : forewing crossed by a broad medial dark chocolate brown band, and a
narrow marginal streak below the apex ; the inner border of the band bent inward
at the costal end and concave below the cell, the outer border broadly convex in
the middle : hindwiug with a similar narrower band, which is broken posteriorly,
and does not extend to the abdominal margin ; marginal line dark l:)rown, cilia
paler.
Expanse ^ \, ? 1\ inch.
Larva with 16 legs; short, cylindrical, head small, anal segment truncate;
colour dark purple brown ; head and anal segments yellow, black spotted and with
a few short black hairs.
Pupa short, thick, head truncate ; purphsh red with black segmental lines.
" Feeds on Fagijea zeylanica " {Thwaites).
DIRADES CONCHIFERATA (Plate 186, Fig. 11).
White : forewing transversely blotched and flecked with ochreous red, inter-
spersed with blackish speckles along the costal area; the blotches more de-
fined across the disc, where they form a lunular fascia and are boi'dered by an
inner blackish speckled line ; exterior margin blackish speckled and with a sub-
marginal black lunular line : hindwiug with the posterior half ochreous red, very
irregularly bordered across the middle, and thickly marked with black strig^ ; some
whitish interstices on middle of the abdominal margin ; two slender red streaks
also ascending across the disc to the costa. Front of thorax, head, palpi, forelegs
above, and tip of abdomen thickly brown speckled. Cilia ochreous red, alternated
with black.
Expanse A inch.
3 F 2
404 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
DIRADES? FIGURARIA.
Erosia Jiguraria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 850 (1861).
" Purplish cinereous. Wings rather ample ; lines black, irregular ; interior line
much interrupted, exterior line irregularly curved, attenuated behind the middle
in the forewing and in the middle of the hindwing ; submargiual line composed of
minute dots, which are irregular in the hindwing. Forewing slightly convex along
the costa, somewhat rounded at the tips ; hindwing extending beyond the abdomen,
with the exterior border slightly bent.
Expanse 6 lines."
In Coll. E. L. Layard.
Family OXYDIIDiE.
Forewing acute or subfalcate at the apex : hindwing triangular, exterior margin
even. Antennas long, broadly bipectinated, ciliated; palpi porrect or obliquely
ascending, small ; legs long, slender.
Genus MARCALA.
3farcala, Walker, Catal Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 17(j4 (1862).
Forewing elongate, triangular, apex acute, subfalcate ; cell very long, about
two-thirds the length, narrow at the end ; first subcostal at one-fifth, bifid, slightly
touching the costal near its end by a short spur ; third trifid, sixth from end of the
cell; disbooellular short, radial from the middle; the middle median at one-fifth,
lower at two-fifths : hindwing rather short, triangular, exterior margin convex ; cell
half the length ; subcostal much curved at the base, first branch close to end of cell ;
discocellular outwardly oblique ; middle median about one-sixth ; lower at one-third.
Body short, rather stout ; antennas bipectinated to near the tip, the branches ciliated;
palpi ascending, curved, laxly squamose, third joint short, cylindrical; legs long,
slender, spurs moderately long, slender.
Type, M. tiuctaria.
MARCALA GALBULATA (Plate 185, Fig. 5).
Numeria galbulata, FelJer, Novara Eeise, Lep. iv. pi. 133, f. 20 (1875) S.
Purphsh-ochreous brown, with a glaucescent tinge: forewing with a transverse
inwardly-obUque ochreous-green brown-bordered band, which is traversed by short
iudistmct brown strig«, and encloses a brown-bordered white spot at end of the
cell ; the band is dilated anteriorly and the borders are inclined inward at their
costal end : hindwing with a brown antemedial transverse line. Antennae brown,
shaft purphsh-brown ; forelegs brown in front.
Expanse It^ inch.
OXYDTTD^. 405
MARCALA SULPHURESCENS i Pi.atk 185, Fig. 8).
Pale greenish-ochreous ; sparsely speckled with indistinct short brown strigfc :
forewing with a transverse purple-brown inwardly-oblique antemedial and a post-
medial slightly waved line, the latter ending in a small purplish-brown apical patch ;
a brown-l)ordered oval white spot at end of the cell : hindwing with a transverse
medial purple brown slightly diffused line, and a small speckled spot at end of the
cell. Autennse, front of head, and forelegs in front purple-brown ; palpi and legs
ochreous.
Expanse lyV inch.
MARCALA SATURATARIA (Plate 204, Fig. 4).
Geometra saturataria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 519 (18G1).
Lilacine brownish-ochreous. Wings with a few short transverse slender black
striga3 : forewing with a large broad white-edged dark green irregular-bordered
medial patch, and a smaller contiguous patch before the apex : hindwing with a similar
patch on middle of abdominal border. Shaft of antenna) oclireous-white, the branches
brown.
Expanse 1-g- inch.
Family (ENOCHROMIDJE.
Wings stout, velvety. Forewing acute or sUghtly falcate at the apex : hind-
wing not angular ; radial vein present in this wing. Front villose, not tufted ; palpi
stout, straight ; antennge pectinated in male ; in some on one side only ; thorax
woolly ; abdomen thick, smooth ; legs robust, short, hind tibiae not thickened.
Genus NOREIA.
Koreia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1092 (1862).
Wings broad: forewing triangular; cell half the length; fii'st subcostal emitted
at one-seventh before end of the cell, anastomosed to the costal near its end, second
very close to the first, quadrifid, the second partly anastomosed to first and the third
partly to second, sixth from end of the cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial
from the middle ; the middle median close to end of the cell, lower about one-third :
hindwing short, broad, triangular; cell half the length ; costal and subcostal curved
upward at the base ; first subcostal near end of the cell ; discocellular outwardly
recurved, radial from the middle; the middle median near end of cell, lower about
one-third. Body moderately stout ; antennas in female setaceous ; palpi ascending,
curved, reaching the vertex, compressed, laxly squainous in front, third joint
extremely minute ; legs smooth, slender, rather long, spurs rather short, slender.
Type, N. perdensata.
40G THE LEFIDOPTERA OF CEYLOK.
NOREIA AJAIA (Plate 185, Fig. 3).
Timandni AJnia, Walker, Joiiin. Linn. Soc. Zool. iii. p. 195 (1859).
Ncreia 2>erdei)sata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1092 (1862).
Beceiia posticata, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M, xxxv. p. 1.557 (186G).
Pale ciuereous-brown ; crossed by a pale luteons postmedial line, whicli is
obsolescent at the apex of the forewing; a short blackish streak at end of each cell.
Palpi and legs dark cinereous-brown.
Expanse Itit inch.
NOREIA INAMATA (Plate 185, f. 4).
AcidaUa inamata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 755 (1861).
AcidaUa simpliciaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 793 (1861).
Noveia luciferata, Walker, id. xxiv. p. 1093 (1862).
Yellowish-testaceous, very sparsely speckled with minute brown scales ; crossed
l)y a dark luteous-brown nearly straight narrow discal band ; a brown dot at end of
each cell; costal edge of forewing, and the cilice luteous. Antennae luteous-brown
from near the base ; palpi luteous.
Expanse Ixo inch.
Family AMPHIDASIDiE.
Moths of Bombyciform appeai-ance. Wings thick, roughly squamous : forewing
generally elongated towards the tips, triangular : hindwing short. Body thick,
hairy; head small; palpi short; legs short, thick, femora villose ; spurs short;
antennae pectinated or plumose in male, setaceous in female. In some genera the
female is apterous or with rudimentary wings.
Larva looped; with 10 legs ; twig-like; head large. Lives uncovered on trees.
Pupa thick, head obtuse, apex acutely pointed ; subterranean.
Genus BUZURA.
Buzura, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1531 (1862).
Foi'ewing long, triangular ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at
about one-eighth, bifid near its base, third trifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular
inwardly-oblique, concave, radial from its middle; the middle median near end, lower
at half before end of cell : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex ; cell long,
nearly two-thirds the length ; first subcostal very close to end of cell ; discocellular
bent above the middle ; the middle median close to end, lower at one-third. Body
thick ; palpi porrect, very short, not projected beyond the front, compactly clothed ;
antennse stoutly bipectinated to one-third the tip, the branches ciliated ; legs stout,
hind til)ia3 incrassated, spurs moderately long.
Closely allied to Amphidasis.
AMPfflDASrD.E. 407
BUZURA STRIGARIA (Plate 188, Fig. 1, la, S ?, lAckiva).
Buzura strigaria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 416, S-
Male and female. Cinereous-wliite. Wings with numerous sliort transverse
black- speckled grey strigjB ; cilia alternated with ochreous : forewing with a waved
subbasal and an angulated sinuous discal transverse black-speckled line, both with
ochreous-yellow bordering fascia, the latter also with a sinuous-divided cluster of
black speckles beyond the angle ; a less defined medial black-speckled ochreous fascia :
hindwing with an angulated sinuous discal black line, a waved ochreous medial
fascia, an ochreous fascia bordering the discal hne, and an interrupted submarginal
similar fascia. Thorax and abdomen with ochreous bands ; front of head, and legs
above with black bands.
Expanse ^ 2f, 9 3 inches.
Larva with 10 legs; elongated; twig-like; with a few fine very short black
hairs and minute speckles ; head flat in front ; colour dark green in male, with dusky
segmental bands and a slight sublateral longitudinal streak ; spiracles white with
red centre and outer ring ; head rough ; anterior prominence and front legs dark
purple. Paler green in female, with pale purplish segmental bands and numerous
minute black and white speckles. Pupa dark purple-black; head of male with
antennal points ; anal segment acute.
" Feeds on Cassia auriculata" (Thiuaites).
Genus CUSIALA.
Allied to Buzura. Forewing shorter, more triangular in shape; hindwing
longer; extei'ior margin more convex, scalloped. Body less robust, abdomen keeled
above ; antenna in male serrated, and ciliated, to near the end, the cilia3 composed
of duplex tufts from each point, shaft broad and coarsely squamous.
Type, C. boarmoides.*
CUSIALA SUIASASA.
Boarmia Sukisasa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 373 (1860), ^ .
Male. Whitish, very sparsely irrorated with brown scales^ : forewing crossed
by a brown antemedial curved angulated band Both wings also with a similar
angulated discal band, and a marginal row of black points. Tip of palpi, and bands
on legs brown.
Expanse S If inch.
* C. boarmoides is a species from Darjeeliug, the male of which is larger than C. Snmsasa ; of darker
colour, with a brown bordered inner and discal angulated darker brown line, and submarginal fasciae.
408 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
CDSIALA DISTEKMINATA.
Boarmia distcrminnta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 491 (1860), S .
Male. Whitis^h. Wings very sparsely irrorated with brown scales ; forewing
with a broad medial transverse angulated-bordered brown band : hindwing with a
narrow discal angulated brown-speckled band ; some marginal black points on fore-
wing towards the apex. Tip of palpi, and bands on legs brown.
Expanse Jf inch.
This may possibly be a variety of V. suiasasa,
CTJSIALA KAPTARIA.
Boarmia raptaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 373 (1860), 2 .
Wings white, brown-speckled; crossed by a discal black-speckled angulated
denticulated line with outer bordering brown-speckled sinuous fascia, and a similar
submargiual fascia ; marginal points black : forewing also with an antemedial less
defined black-speckled line and bordering fascia. Body brown-speckled ; a band on
front of head, tip of palpi, and bands on forelegs dark brown.
Expanse 2 inches.
FAMILY BOARMIIDJE.
Wings alike in colour and markings, most often dentate, not angular. Fore-
wing triangular, apex more or less prolonged, obtuse : hindwing rounded, sometimes
more dentated than forewing. Body slender; front not prominent nor tufted;
palpi porrect or slightly ascending, squamous, occasionally hirsute ; antennre almost
always pectinated or strongly ciliated in male, filiform or dentated or rarely pecti-
nated in female ; legs rather long, hind tibia3 mostly incrassated and very long.
Larva with 10 legs, stick like, without eminences or ordinarily with that on the
12th segment, and two lateral projections on the 6th ; head large, flattened in front.
Feeds upon trees, plants, and sometimes on lichens. Pupa thick, acute at the apex ;
most frequently buried, sometimes amongst leaves.
Genus MEDASINA.
Male. Differs from typical Menophra in its much larger size of wings : fore-
wing with the costal vein bifid near its end ; first subcostal free in the male, in the
female slightly touching the costal above the base of the branch, second trifid, fifth
from end of cell ; discocellular bent below the radial ; middle median near end of
cell, lower at two-fifths. Palpi porrect, stout, third joint minute, conical ; antennae
very long, broadly bipectinated and ciliated.
Tijjje, M. strixaria.
BOARMIIDjE. 409
MEDASINA STRIXARIA (Plate 190, Fir.. 1, la^? ?, 1?^ larva).
Hemcrophila Siri.mria, Gueiioe, Pbal. i. p. 217 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 318.
Male. Brownish-ocbreous. Wings with numerous sliort slender transverse
dark brown strigas : forewing paler along the anterior half; the strigaa blackish
along base of the costa and exterior border ; crossed by an irregular, angulated very
oblique discal black line, which is thickest hindward, and a submargiual pale wavy
line, the inner area between which is dark brown from the angle below the apex,
and the outer marginal area paler ; a diffuse black spot at end of the cell, and two
]>rown streaks ascending from the posterior margin before the discal line : hindwing
with the exterior base free from brown strigce ; a diffuse black spot at end of the
cell ; an irregular discal line, and a wavy pale outer-bordered brown submargiual
fascia. Abdomen with a slender black band near the base ; front of head, palpi,
bands on fore and middle legs, and speckles on hind legs, dark brown. Female
more uniformly brownish-ochreous : forewiug with the discal hue slender through-
out its length, and witli an indistinct speckled sinuous line across the middle;
maroinal luuular line black.
Expanse ^ 3, ? 3| inches.
Taken at " Dickoya " (Green).
Larva with 10 legs ; twig-like ; elongated ; head flat in front ; a slight dorsal
pointed prominence on 2Qd segment, and two short conical prominences on 8th, and
two or three lateral tubercles on the 6th ; colour olive-brown, numerously covered
with dark purple-brown speckles and short longitudinal narrow streaks ; spiracles
black ringed. Pupa dark purple-red ; head obtuse, anal segment pointed.
" Feeds on Acanthads " {Tlnvaltes).
Genus MENOPHRA.
Hemcrophila* Stephens, Catal. Brit. lus. ii. p. 125 (1829); id. Illast. Haust. iii. p. 189 (1830) ;
Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 315 (I860).
Si/nop.tia (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 317.
Male. Forewing elongate, triangular ; apex somewhat pointed, exterior margin
slightly scalloped ; cell fully half the length ; first subcostal about one-seventh, first
and second joined at their base, first slightly touching the costal near the base, third
near end of cell, trifid, sixth from end ; discocellular slightly concave and outwardly
oblique, radial from the middle ; the middle median close to end of cell, lower
nearly one-third : hindwing short, broad ; exterior margin convex, deeply scalloped ;
cell half the length ; first subcostal close to end; discocellular outwardly concave ;
middle median very close to end, lower about one-thii-d. Body slender; palpi
♦ Used by Hiibner, Tentaraen, p. 2 (180G).
VOIi. III. 3 G
410 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
obliquely ascending, laxly squamous, third joint very short, stout ; antennce rather
broadly bipectinated to near the tip, ciliated ; legs squamous, hind tibiae incrassated,
spurs moderately long, slender.
Ttjpe, M. abruptaria.
MENOPHRA CANIDORSATA (Plate 187, Fig. 6,S)-
HemcropliUa canidorsata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1578 (1866), ? .
Ferruginous-brown. Wings numerously covered with darker brown strigfe.
Male : forewing crossed by a slender black oblique antemedial and a postmedial
irregular line, the former curved inward across the cell, and again to the costa, the
latter with a single curve to the costa ; a black spot at end of the cell ; a dark iron-
grey interrupted fascia extending from base to below the apex and bordering the
outer line below the angle : hindwing with a slender black postmedial line outwardly
bordered by a dark iron-grey fascia. Thorax with a dark iron-grey band ; bands on
forelegs black. Female with the grey fascia on forewing and abdominal baud paler :
hindwing with outer border below the dark fascia pale ochreous.
Expanse S Ia, ? 1|- inch.
Taken at " Punduloya " {Green).
MENOPHRA IMBECILIS (Plate 187, Fig. 7,5).
Brownish -white, numerously speckled with dark-brown scales : forewing crossed
by a slender black sinuous antemedial and a postmedial line ; a submargiual pale-
bordered sinuous dark-brown fascia, and a marginal lunular line ; a black dot at end
of the cell : hindwing with a dark brown-speckled medial fascia encompassing a
large spot at end of cell ; a slender black discal sinuous line, a dark-brown pale-
bordered sinuous submarginal fascia, and a mai'ginal lunular line. Brown-speckled
bands on base of abdomen ; legs also brown speckled.
Expanse ? It^o inch.
Genus NARAPA.
Allied to typical Alois (.4. reimndaria). Wings smaller : forewing with the first
subcostal about one-eighth, bifid near the base, the first branch anastomosed to the
costal for a short distance, third trifid ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower
at nearly one-half before the end: hindwing short; cell half the length; middle
median close to end, lower nearly one-half. Body shorter ; antennae with very broad
ciliated branches to near the tip.
Tifpe, N. adamata.
NARAPA ADAMATA (Plate 187, Fig. 8,c?).
Boarniia adamata, Felder et Rogen. Novara Reise, Lep. v. pi. 126, fig. 5, 5a (J (1875).'
Male. Cinereous-white. Wings numerously brown speckled : forewing crossed
BOARMlIDyE. 411
by a black recurved antemedial line, and a postmcdial denticulated line, beyond
whicii is a black-speckled sinuous fascia traversed by a wbite line ; marginal points
black ; both lines with a blackish-speckled parallel fascia ; a similar slender sinuous
fascia also crossing the middle, each dilated at the costal end ; a cluster of black
speckles in middle of the disc : hindwiug with a slight black-speckled medial fascia,
a black denticulated dlscal line with bordering fascia, and a submarginal sinuous
fascia traversed by a white line ; marginal lunular lino black. Body brown speckled;
abdomen with black bands ; palpi, fore and middle legs with black bands.
Expanse lyV ii^ch.
Taken at " Ballagalla; January" {2Iackwood) ; Dickoya {Green).
NARAPA SIMILARIS (Plate 187, Fig. 9,tJ).
Darker than N. adamata, with more diffused black-speckled lines and fascia :
forewing with the inner line and fascia more oblique ; with a large diffused black
cell spot : hiudwing with a distinct smaller spot. Underside ochreous, with broad
black marginal band on both wings, and large discal spots.
Expanse 1 j% inch.
NARAPA UMEEATA (Plate 187, FiCx. 10,,?).
Male. Vinaceous umber-brown. Wings sparsely flecked with slender short
black striga? ; crossed by a black curved antemedial wavy line, a postmedial angu-
lated denticulated line, and a submarginal sinuous black fascia traversed by a white
line ; both lines with a black- speckled bordering fascia ; a slender fascia also cross-
ing the middle, which encompasses a rounded discal spot ; costal ends of the lines
and fascia3 dilated : hindwing with a slight black medial fascia, a slender mark at
end of the cell, a denticulated discal line, and submarginal fascia with a white sinuous
line ; marginal lunular line black. Thorax and abdomen with a black-speckled band ;
a white band at base of the abdomen; palpi, fore and middle legs with black
bauds.
Expanse IfV to Ixu inch.
NARAPA INDISTINCTA (Plate 187, Fig. 5,S).
Male. Dusky-brown. Wings crossed by an indistinct black antemedial and an
angulated discal line, a submarginal whitish sinuous line, a less defined sub-basal
streak, and a medial fascia ; a round speckled spot at end of the cell : hindwing
with a slight medial fascia, a black lunule at end of the cell, a curved discal sinuous
line, and indistinct whitish submarginal fascia. Tip of palpi, and bauds on fore and
middle legs blackish.
Expanse ly^ inch.
3 G 2
412 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus BOARMIA.
Boarmia Treitsclike, Schmctt. Eur. v. 2, p. 433 (1825), id.yi. 1, p. 187(1827); Curtis, Brit. Eiit. vi.
fol. 280 (1829) ; Diipoiicliel, Lep. Fr. vii. pp. 107, 327 (1829) ; Stephens, Illust. Haust. iii.
p. 191 (1831).
Ectropis, Hiibn. Verz. Sclimett. p. 31G (1825-27).
Male. Forewing elongate-trigonate ; cell half the length ; first subcostal at
one-eighth, bifid, first sometimes slightly touching the costal near end, third close to
end of cell, trifid, sixth from the end ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, concave,
radial from the middle; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at two-fifths :
hindwing short, exterior margin scalloped ; cell more than half the length, very
broad ; first subcostal very close to end ; discocellular bent in the middle ; the
middle median very close to end of cell, lower about two-fifths. Body slender;
])alpi obliquely ascending, clothed with long lax hairy scales, third joint minute,
almost concealed ; antennse slender, very finely bipectinated to near tip, the branches
short, slender, and delicately ciliated; legs squamous, fore tarsi long, hind tibise
slightly incrassated, spurs short, slender, hind tarsi nearly as long as hind tibia3.
Type, B. cousouaria.*
BOARMIA DIFFUSAEIA (Plate 187, f. 11, 5, Plate 188, f. 2, 9 , 2a larva).
Boarmia diffusaria, Wallier, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 382 (18G0).
Pale brownish-ochreous, the female more cinereous-ochreous ; minutely brown
speckled : foi"ewiug crossed by a brown antemedial, and an ill-defined postmedial
duplex line with blackish points ; a submarginal sinuous pale-bordered broken
fascia, and marginal lunular points ; some black strigas on the costal border : hiud-
wing with a brown-speckled ill-defined inner line, a lunule at end of the cell, a den-
ticulated discal duplex line, submarginal fascia, and mai'giual lunular line. Palpi
and legs with blackish bauds ; abdomen with brown band near the base.
Expanse If to 1| inch.
Taken at " Kandy ; March " {Machvoud).
Larva with lU legs; a slight dorsal prominence on 3rd and 12Lli segment;
colour purplish-ochreous, longitudinally flecked with sliort purple-brown streaks in
male, and with a lateral line in female. Pupa purple-red, greenish in front.
BOARMIA BHURMITRA (Plate 191, Fig. 2, ? ).
Boarmia Bhurmitra, Wali^er, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 381 (1860), ?.
Boarmia susceptaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1584 (1866), ?.
Female. Very pale brownish-ochreous. "Wings speckled with ochreous-brown
* Jioboraria was given as the type of Cy.matophoka by Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806). Punctularia
is the type oI'Tei-heusia, Boisd., both being geuerically distiuct from Boarmia.
BOARMIIDyE. ^13
scales : forewing crossed by an indistinct brown denticulated antemedial and post-
medial line, and an interrupted subraarginal sinuous fascia ; a slight brown-speckled
fascia also crosses the middle, vvliicli includes a streak at end of the cell : hmdwmg
with a similar medial fascia, discal denticulated line, and submarginal fascia.
Expanse 2 to 2^ inches.
This maj' probably be a large female of B. ilijfusaria.
BOARMIA (?) CEYLONAEIA.
Boarmia Ceylonaria, Nietner, Obs. on the Enemies of the Coffee-tree in Ceylon, p. 23 (ISGl).
" Wings yellowish-grey, marbled with brown.
" Expanse less than 2 inches.
" Larva feeds upon the Coffee-tree ; colour when young, dark, when older light-
orey, marked with dark patches and stripes along the sides " {Nietner).
" Eah. Ceylon."
BOARMIA (?) EXCLUSARIA.
Boarmia exclusaria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 490 (1860), $ .
" Female. Brownish fawn colour. Head and front of thorax brown. Wings
speckled with brown ; interior line composed of blackish points ; middle line brown,
diffuse, oblique, nearly straight ; exterior line blackish, denticulated ; submarginal
line dingy whitish, irregular, denticulated, partly and diffusedly bordered with brown.
Forewing hardly denticulated: hindwing distinctly denticulated, whitish, and
speckled with brown interiorly, brown exterioi'ly.
" Expanse 20 lines."
In coll. E. L. Layard.
BOARMIA (?) DIFFLUARIA.
Boarmia diffluariu, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 490 (18G0), ? .
" Female. W^hitish ; minutely speckled with brown. Wings more speckled
exteriorly, brownish about the exterior border ; the three usual lines brown,undulating,
denticulated ; two regularly denticulated lines near the exterior border. Forewing
with the exterior and submarginal lines reflexed towards the costa ; discal mark in-
dicated by a black point, apparent also beneath and corresponding to a like point on
the underside of the hindwing.
"Expanse 16 lines."
In coll. E. L. Layard.
Genus PSEUDANGERONA.
Male. Wings comparatively short : forewing triangular ; cell half the length ;
costal vein bifid near the end ; first subcostal near end of the cell, slightly touching
the branch of costal above its base, second trifid, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular
411 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median near end of cell, lower
at nearly half : hindwing broad, exterior margin very convex ; cell about half the
length ; first subcostal and middle median both near end of cell, lower median about
half. Body moderately stout ; palpi obliquely ascending, reaching to near level
of eyes, compactly clothed, third joint minute ; antennge bi'oadlj'' bipectinated to
one-third the tip, the branches ciliated ; legs smoothly scaled, spurs short.
Tyjpe, P. separata.
PSEUDANGERONA SEPARATA (Plate 202, Fig. 8, S).
Boarmia separata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 381 (ISGO), (J.
Boarmia retractaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. x.xi. p. 386 (1860), c?.
Boarmia intectaria, Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1.533 (1862).
Testaceous. Wings with numerous short dusky-brown transverse strigse,
which are confluent and thickly disposed obliquely across the lower half of forewing
and across the subbasal area of the hindwing, and also across the submargin of the
latter wing, thus forming a broad oblique fascia across both wings, and a submarginal
fascia on the hindwing. Both wings also with a slender blackish transverse discal
sinuous line, and a dusky brown cell lunule with pale centre. Tip of palpi, abdomen,
and bands on fore and middle legs dusky brown.
Expanse lA inch.
Genus CATORIA.
Male. Forewing comparatively shorter and broader than in C3anatophora,
Boarmia and Alcis ; the apex less produced and somewhat rounded ; cell shorter ;
costal vein bifid near its end ; first subcostal about one-tenth, joined to middle of the
costal branch, second close to end of cell, trifid, fifth from the end of cell ; disco-
cellular concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median near end of cell, lower at
one-half : hindwing short ; exterior margin almost even, convex ; cell nearly half
the length ; first subcostal close to end ; discocellular outwardly-concave ; middle
median at one-fifth, lower nearly half. Body short, rather stout ; palpi obliquely
projected in front, la.xly clothed beneath, apex conical ; antennae broadly bipectinated
to one-third the tip, the branches very long and finely ciliated ; legs long, more
slendfr than in above genera, spurs long, slender.
Tijpe, C. sublavaria.
CATORIA SUBLAVARIA (Plate 190, Fig. 2, 2a j , ? ).
Boarmia sublavaria, Gueuee, Phal. i. p. 25G (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 378.
Wliite, numerously flecked with olivesccat-grey scales ; crossed by an ante-
medial, medial, postmedial and a submarginal recurved row of blackish points,
which are more or less distinct, each row being indistinctly bordered by a contiguous
BOAEMIID^. 415
olivescent-grey sinuous fascia ; a dot at end of each cell ; and a marginal row of
points. Underside blackish-cinereous, the outer borders darker, and with three
whitish marginal patches ; a large rounded black spot at end of each cell.
Expanse 1|- inch.
CATORIA PROCURSAEIA (Plate 191, Fig. 3).
Boarmia procursaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 375 (1860).
Brownish-white, numerously speckled with minute brown scales ; wings crossed
by an antemedial and a postmedial slender blackish denticulated line, two zigzag
submarginal less distinct lines, and a marginal row of points ; a large black round
spot with whitish centre at end of each cell. Front of head, and palpi ochreous-
brown ; front legs brownish. Underside with the cell spots more distinct ; a
blackish subapical patch on each wing.
Expanse If inch.
Genus CHOGADA.
Xearest to typical Alcis {A. reparidaria). Forewing comparatively narrower
and longer ; outer margins less uneven ; more oblique ; venation similar, excepting
that the first subcostal is emitted further from end of the cell. Body shorter, stouter ;
palpi larger, more distinctly separated, third joint longer, distinct, clavate; antennae
longer, with much longer ciliated branches to one-third the tip, the branches being
curved inward beneath.
Ti/pe, 0. alienaria.
This genus comprises a large and widely distributed group of species, which
are distinguishable at a glance from its allies by the peculiarity of the pattern of the
markings on both upper and under sides, and the possession of a prominent, mostly
tridentate, whitish cell spot on both wings.
CHOGADA ALIENARIA (Plate 191, Fig. 1, la. $ q IS. larva).
Boarmia alienaria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 370 (1860), (J.
Boannia gelidaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1537 (1862), ?.
Male. "Whitish. Wings crossed hj an inwardly-oblique slender black ante-
medial line and a sinuous postmedial line, the latter angulated outward near upper
end ; the basal area thickly brown-speckled, the outer area crossed by two brown-
speckled sinuous fasciae, between which is a blackish fascia traversed by a sinuous white
line ; marginal lunules black ; a tridentate white-centred black mark at end of each
cell ; middle area also slightly brown speckled. Thorax brown speckled ; a black band
near base of abdomen ; palpi, and fore and middle legs with brown bands. Female
with basal, and outer brown fasciae less defined.
Expanse 1|- to If inch.
416 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Larva with 10 legs ; green ; with two purple-brown biconical dorsal promi-
nences on sixth segment and two dorsal white spots on twelfth segment ; head and
legs pale purple-red ; anterior and anal segments in male laterally black-speckled,
spiracles black ringed. Pupa red, greenish in front.
"Feeds on Cinnamomea, &c." {Tluraifes).
CHOGADA INJECTARIA.
Boarmia injectaria, Walker, Cutal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 376 (1S60), ?.
Boarmia siihlectaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1,535, (1862), ^.
Cinereous-brown, speckled with minute black scales. Wings crossed by an
inwardly-oblique, undulated, angulated, slender black postmedial line, a less defined
medial speckled fascia, which encompasses a large ovate diffused cell spot, and a
sulimarginal zigzag speckled fascia traversed by a jjale line : forewing also with an
antemedial similar slender Ijlack line. Palpi brown ; fore and middle legs with
brown bands.
Expanse l^^ inch.
Genus SERRACA.
Wings comparatively shorter than in Chogada. Forewing triangular, with the
costal vein bifid near the end ; first subcostal near end of cell, touching the costal
branch in the middle, second trifid ; discocellular concave ; middle median close to
end of cell, lower at one-half : hindwing dentated ; first subcostal close to end of
cell ; discocellular slightly concave ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at
two-fifths. Antenna3 with shorter branches ; palpi smaller, third joint very short,
obtuse.
SERRACA TRANSCISSA (Plate 190, Fig. 3, 3a <3 ? ).
Boarmia tmnifcissa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 380 (1S60), S.
Boarmia lineataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1585 (1866), <? .
Brownish-cinereous, speckled with dark brown : forewing crossed hj a slender
black inwardly-oblique angulated antemedial line, a similar postmedial denticulated
line, a submarginal whitish-bordered speckled sinuous line, and a slender marginal
lunular line ; each line with parallel brown-speckled fasciaj; a less distinct line also
crosses the middle, encompassing a pale centred lunular cell spot : hindwing with a
short Ijlack basal, a recurved medial, and a denticulated discal line, followed by the
submarginal sinuous white-bordered line, and a marginal lunular line ; the discal and
submarginal line with parallel brown fascia3 ; a pale centred oval cell spot.
Expanse c? 1|, 2 Ij inch.
Genus BYLAZORA.
Bylazora, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1549 (1862).
Forewing elongate, somewhat narrow ; costa much arched and fringed at the
BOARMIID^. 417
base, apex not acute, exterior margin slightly convex and dentate ; cell fully half the
length at upper end, longer at the lower end ; first subcostal from angle close to end
of cell, bifid, third approximate, trifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, concave, radial from the middle; two upper medians from end of cell,
lower at one-third : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin very convex, dentate ; cell
about three-fifths ; first subcostal very close to end ; discocellular very oblique, con-
cave at upper end ; middle median near end of cell, lower at one-third. Body rather
slender, frontal tuft lax ; palpi porrect, pilose, second joint long, third joint minute,
conical; antenng9 bipectinated and cihated to near tip; legs smooth, hind tibife
incrassated, spurs long, slender.
BYLAZORA CEYLONICA (Plate 193, Fig. 4, 4a, <J ? )•
Greyish-white. Wings thickly covered with confluent greyish-browu flecks :
forewing crossed by an oblique antemedial, medial, and a postmedial denticulated
black line, and a less defined sinuous submarginal fascia, each dilated at the costal
end ; marginal points black : hindwing with a similar medial and discal line, and
di9"used submarginal fascia. Body grey flecked ; abdomen with narrow blackish
dorsal bands ; tip of palpi, and legs above brown.
Expanse, 1| to 1| inch.
Genus OPHTHALMODES.
Ophthalmodes, Gueuee, Phal. i. p. 283 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 446.
Forewing elongate, triangular ; exterior margin slightly convex and dentated ;
cell nearly half the length ; costal vein bifid near its end ; first subcostal at one-
sixth, free, second contiguous, trifid, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, concave, radial from above the middle ; the middle median near end of cell,
lower fully half: hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex, dentated ; cell nearly
half the length ; first subcostal close to end ; discocellular outwardly concave ; middle
median close to end, lower nearly half. Body rather stout, abdomen smooth; palpi
obliquely porrect, stout, laterally broad, clothed with long lax hairy scales, second
joint projecting partly beyond the front, third joint very short, thick ; antennas in
male broadly bipectinated to one-third the tip, branches ciliated ; in female moderately
bipectinated ; legs moderately long, squamous, spurs long, stout.
Type, 0. herbidaria.
OPHTHALMODES HERBIDARIA (Plate 191, Fig. 4, ? ).
Ophthalmodes herlidaria, Giienee, Phal. i. p. 283 (18.57) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 446.
Olivaceous-ochreous : forewing crossed by a sharply defined black-speckled
sinuous antemedial, medial, and a postmedial line, the two latter lines with very
VOL. III. ^ H
418 THE LEPIDOrTERA OF CEYLON.
acute points ; the middle line encompassing a whitisli luuule at end of the cell ; each
line dilated at the costal end ; beyond is a submarginal sinuous fascia with a con-
tiguous outer row of small points, and a marginal row of quadrate spots : hindwing
with an inner black-speckled sinuous fascia, a whitish-centred lunular cell spot, a
sinuous discal line, submarginal sinuous fascia with contiguous outer points, and
marginal spots ; all the markings with slightly paler borders. Thorax and abdomen
with slender black-speckled bands ; palpi, and forelegs dark brown. Underside
brownish-cinereous, with a broad darker submarginal baud, and large cell spot.
Expanse 2\ inches.
OPHTHALMODES ? CARITAEIA.
Boarmia Caritaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxi. p. 489 (1860), ^.
" ]\Iale. Pale cinereous, with a very slight greenish tinge. "Wings with the
lines blackish, much denticulated ; submarginal line less denticulated than the
other two, here and there slightly double ; marginal dots black ; a broadly blackish
bordered ringlet in each disc. Underside with a large bluish spot in each disc,
and with a broad brownish border; antenns9 broadly pectinated to seven-eighths
the tip.
" Expanse 22 lines."
In coll. E. L. Layard.
Genus RACOTIS.
Male. Forewiug somewhat elongate, triangular ; exterior margin slightly den-
tated ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal near end of cell, bifid near its base,
third contiguous, trifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular concave, radial from
the middle ; the middle median close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths ; a vascular
cavity above base of the submedian: hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex,
dentated ; cell half the length ; first subcostal and middle median close to end of
cell, lower median about one-third. Body rather stout ; palpi porrect, very laxly
clothed, second joint extending its length beyond the head, thu'd joint decumbent,
cylindrical, about one-third the length of second ; antennge serrated to one-third the
tip, with fine cilial tufts from the points ; legs long, rather slender ; hind tibiae
tumid, spurs moderately long and slender.
BACOTIS BOARMIARIA (Plate 192, Fig. 3, 3.?, c? ?, 3/; larva).
Ilijpochroma hoanniaria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 282 (1857).
Boarmia inconclii.<n, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 382 (1860).
Olivaceous brownish-ochreous. Wings numerously covered with short trans-
verse dark olivaceous-brown striga3, which are most numerous externally, and also
irregularly form the ordinary disposed transverse sinuous markings, which are much
BOARMIIDJE. 419
diffused ; the discal denticulated line being the most defined ; cell spots also diffused ;
marginal points black. Tip of palpi, and bands on legs dark brown.
Expanse If to 1| inch.
Larva with 10 legs, looped; bright green, with a pure white lateral line, and a
short streak on Srd and 12th segment ; some reddish blotches above and below the
line. Pupa dark red, tinged with green beneath ; thorax oblique,
"Feeds on Plumbago rosea" {Tlnvaite^).
Genus PINGASA.
Hupochroma (part), Gut'uee Phal. i. p. '115 (18.37) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het B. il. xxi. p. 427.
Differs from Hypochroma.* Forewing somewhat more triangular, cell much
shorter, being two-fifths the length ; first subcostal close to end, second quadrifid ;
second and sixth from end of the cell ; discocellular concave at upper end, bent
before the middle, lower end slender, radial from the angle ; middle median near end
of cell, lower fully two-fifths : hindwing somewhat broader; abdominal margin much
longer ; cell two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular
outwardly-oblique, bent outward near upper end, radial from the angle ; two upper
medians from end of cell, lower at one-third ; a raised tuft of short hairs at end of
cell and across base of the medians. Abdomen of male with short dorsal hairy tufts ;
palpi obliquely ascending, more compactly and densely clothed, third joint slendei',
nearly as long as the second ; antennjB with much shorter branches, which extend
to one-third the tip ; legs smooth ; hind tibife incrassated and enfolding a lengthened
hairy tuft, spurs long and slender.
Type, P. ruginaria.
PINGASA CRENARIA (Plate 192, Fig. 1, \a, U, larva).
Hypochroma crcnaria, Giieuee, Pbal. i. p. 278 (18.57) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Hel. B. ^\. xxi. p. 432.
"White. "Wings indistinctly speckled with minute ochreous scales ; crossed by
an ochreous-red slender acutely-sinuous discal line; the outer marginal borders
traversed by two indistinct reddish and ochreous-speckled sinuous fasciae ; a slight
reddish lunular cell streak : forewing also with a sinuous reddish anteraedial line;
marginal line reddish. Underside pure white, with a black submarginal band, which
is dilated below the apex of each wing. Branches of antennte, and frontal band,
and bands on fore tibite ochreous.
Expanse l-f to 1| inch.
Larva with 10 legs ; looped; thickish; oHve-gi'een ; with purj^le-brown oblique
* GuLMiee figures two species of Hypochroma ( percomiitarla and muscosaria),oi wliich the former may
be taken as the type.
3 H 2
420 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
lateral lines and a longitudinal siiblateral line. Papa pale purplish-brown, with
blackish speckles and segmental marks.
PINGASA LEUCOSTIGMARIA.
Boarmui. leucostiijmarid, Nictner, Observations on the Enemies of the Coffee-tree in Ceylon, p. 23
(18(il).
" Wings greyish-white, beautifully fringed, and marked with dark lines and red
pencilling; beneath both are marked with a large black stripe."
" Expanse 2 inches."
" Larva feeds on the coffee-tree " {Nletner).
PINGASA MINIMARIA (Plate 192, Fig. 2).
Hypochroma minhnaria, Gueuee, Phal. i. p. 279 (1857).
Hypochroma parvuta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 435 (1860).
Cinereous-white. Wings speckled with minute grey scales ; crossed by a discal
slender black denticulated line ; the outer marginal borders traversed by two sinuous
reddish-ochreous and grey-speckled fasciae; marginal points black. Underside with
a blackish marginal band, and small inflated cell spot.
Expanse ts inch.
Genus ELPHOS.
Elphos, Guence, Phal. i. p. 285 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 449 (1860).
Wings large, broad : forewing triangular ; costa convex, exterior margin slightly
sentated ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal at nearly one-fourth, second
and third approximate, third trifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, concave, radial from the middle; the middle median at one-6fth, lower fully
one-half : hindwing very broad, exterior margin convex, more dentated ; cell nearly
lialf the length ; first subcostal near the end ; discocellular obliquely-concave ; middle
median at one-fourth, lower at one-half. Body moderately slender, abdomen short ;
palpi obUquely ascending, broad, compressed, clothed with long hairy scales, third
joint minute, conical ; antenna3 of male broadly bipectinated to near tip, the branches
pubescent ; legs long, slender, hind tibi^ slightly thickened, spurs long.
Type, E. hymenaria.
ELPHOS HYMENARIA (Plate 193, Fig. 1, <^).
Elphof: hymnmria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 285, pi. 16, fig. 4, ? (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi.
p. 449.
Male. Brownish-cinereous : forewing crossed by a cinereous white-bordered
bluish-waved anteraedial line, a similar sinuous postmedial, and submarginal sinuous
line ; the lines bordered on both sides with contiguous parallel irregular sinuous
black-speckled ochreous fasciae; a similar ochreous fascia also across the middle and
BOARMIIDJS. 421
encompassing a pale cell streak ; the anterior portion of the medial area more or less
ochreous-white ; basal and lower medial area also black-speckled : hindwing with a
distinct rather large black cell spot ; a cinereous-wliite bordered black sinuous discal
and submarginal line, each with its bordering black-speckled ochreous fascia ; a
similar fascia also across the middle, and a broader submarginal and marginal
fascia. Abdomen with brown bands ; palpi and forelegs above dark brown.
Female, With the basal and medial area more or less whitish ; more uniformly
black-speckled throughout ; the discal lines and fasciae being broken and partly
obliterated.
Expanse 6 85, ? 3^ inches.
Genus AMBLYCHIA.
Ambluchia, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 214 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxl. p. 313.
Wings large : forewing broad, triangular ; apex very acute, subfalcate, exterior
margin convex in the middle ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal at one-
fourth, second and third contiguous, third trifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular
slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median close to end, lower at
fully half before the end : hindwing very broad, quadrate, extending much beyond
the abdomen ; exterior margin deeply sinuous above the middle ; cell two-fifths the
length ; first subcostal and middle median close to end of the cell ; discocellular
bent near the middle ; lower median at one-half before end of the cell. Body stout ;
abdomen smooth ; palpi obliquely ascending, very broad, compactly pilose, com-
pressed, extending half beyond the front, third joint extremely minute ; anteuua3 in
male with very long ciliated branches to one-third the tip, setaceous in female ; legs
long, smooth, hind tibifB thickened, spurs moderately long, slender.
AMBLYCHIA TORRIDA (Plate 188, Fig. 2,, S).
Ambli/chia torrula, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 621.
Colour lilacine ochreous-brown. Differs fi'om A. angeronaria in the forewing
both above and beneath having the transverse medial pale maculated band termi-
nating very broadly on the costa in the male, and in broad quadrate spots in the
female. On the underside the distinct subbasal curved dusky-band which crosses
both wings of A. angeronaria are obsolete, and the outer transverse lunular bands
are replaced by a uniform broad pale-brownish fascia.
Expanse <? 31, ? 3| inches.
Family EUSCHEMIDiE.
AVings ample, thick, velvety : forewing prolonged apically : hindwing short,
422 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
broad ; radial vein present. Body robust, hairy, abdomen -woolly beneath ; palpi
thick, third joint bare ; antenna3 long, strongly bipectinated in both sexes ; legs
robust, hind tibia3 enlarged, grooved beneath and enclosing a long fascicle of silky
hairs from the base, spurs short.
Larva with 10 legs ; when in repose stands erect with the head and anterior
segments bent downward ; head rather small. Pupa obtuse in front, anal segment
terminated with numerous minute hooked bristles. The moth is diurnal in its habits,
remaining out in the evening till just after sunset.
Genus EUSCHEMA.
Euschrma, Hubuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 175 (1818-25) ; Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. 1',. M. ii. p. 405.
IJa:iK, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Eut. i. p. 203 (1832); Gueuee, Phal. ii. p. 1S8 (18.57).
Ih'houa (part), Swaiuson, Zool. Illust. 2ud ser. iii. p. IIG (1832).
Forewing elongate, uaiTow, triangular ; costa almost straight, apex obtuse,
exterior margin very oblique ; cell half the length ; first subcostal close to end of
cell, second from the end, quadrifid ; discocellular bent obHquely inward near upper
end and acutely outward in the middle, radial from the upper angle ; middle median
close to end of cell, lower nearly half: hindwing short, very broad, apex and exterior
margin very convex, hardly dentate ; cell half the length ; two subcostals from the
end; discocellular bent above the middle, concave below; radial from the angle;
middle median close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths. Body stout, thorax very laxly
clothed, abdomen lanuginose beneath, apex pointed, tufted laterally ; palpi porrect,
first and second joints broad, laxly clothed beneath, second joint extending a little
beyond the front, third joint cylindrical, naked, as long as the second ; antennre
long, bipectinated, the branches stout and ciliated, decreasing to the tip, female less
pectinated ; legs stout, smooth above, tibifB fringed beneath ; hind tibite incrassated,
grooved beneath and enclosing a lengthened silky tuft from the base.
Tiipc, E. militaris.
EUSCHEMA TRANSVERSA (Plate 189, Fig. 3 cJ, 3rt larva).
Euscliema transversa. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. ii. p. 407 (1854).
"Wings very pale cobalt-blue, with a slight purpurescent tinge : forewing with
three blue-black basal longitudinal streaks, a short transverse streak from the costa
l)eyond, and a round spot below base of lower median ; a large outwardly-conical
spot at end of the cell, a transverse zigzag discal band, and an irregular marginal
l)iuid : hindwing with a blue-black basal streak, a large rounded spot at end of the
cell, and a smaller spot near the abdominal margin ; a slender zigzag discal band, and
a marginal row of irregular spots. Thorax pale blue, with two transverse blue-black
bands ; abdomen above ochreous-white, with dark purplish-blue bands ; head, palpi
EUSCHEMIDJE. 42S
and legs greyish ; a blue band on the vertex ; thorax and abdomen beneath ochreous-
yellow.
Expanse 2f to 3^ inches.
Larva with 1 0 legs ; yellow ; with a black-spotted bluish dorsal and sublateral
band; anterior segments also black-spotted. Pupa within rolled leaf, reddish, with
darker speckles on anterior part, two black eye-spots, black spiracles and segmental
spots ; anal segment with short spiny bristles.
" Feeds on Carallia integerrima" {Thwaites').
EUSCHEMA PRUNICOLOR (Plate 189, f. 2, ^).
Euschema prunicolor, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 414.
IJpperside dark glossy purple-black : forewing with an elongated and a short
ochreous streak between the lower median branch and submedian vein ; two small
bluish diaphanous spots within the cell, two at its end, a subapical oblique series and
three on the disc : hindwing with an indistinct ochreous short subbasal patch, some
brighter ochreous small spots on the disc, a submarginal zigzag series, and a marginal
dentate series. Abdominal border partly yellow. Body yellow ; head, thorax, and
abdomen above with purple bands. Palpi black-tipt. Antenna? purple-black.
Underside : forewing as above : hindwing with a short costal and subbasal band,
and larger discal, submarginal and marginal spots than above. Legs above grev,
yellow beneath.
Expanse 2f inches.
EUSCHEMA BELLISSIMA (Plate 189, f. 1, In, S ?, 1// larva).
Euschema hcUissima, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 414.
Male and female : purple-black : forewing with two pale-yellow elongated
straight basal streaks, the upper within the cell, the lower beneath it, and a yellow
spot above and another below the submedian vein ; a large bluish-white diaphanous
spot in middle of the cell, one below it, two at its end, and a transverse discal series
of spots : hindwing with a broad yellow subbasal band, a medial irregular indistinct
fascia, a zigzag discal and a marginal series of small yellow spots. Body yellow,
with black-purple bands. Underside as above ; the yellow markings broader and
more prominent.
Expanse 2-| to 2^ inches.
Nearest allied to the Bornean species {E. svhrepJcfa, Walk.).
Larva with 10 legs ; green, with a lateral yellow stripe ; spiracles black-ringed ;
legs red-speckled. Pupa purple-brown.
" Feeds on Carallia " {Thwaites).
424 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
CUSUMA.
Cusiima, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 415.
Differs from Buscliema {E. milltarls, Linn.) in tlie abbreviated and trigonal
shape of the forewing, the exterior margin being less oblique and the posterior
maro-in shorter ; neuration similar, the discocellulars, however, are less acutely
angled and not curved posteriorly : hindwing also shorter and more convex exteriorly.
Thorax clothed with shorter and less shaggy hair. Palpi smaller, less pilose, terminal
joint shorter and slightly clavate.
CUSTJMA VILIS (Plate 189, Fig. 4, S)-
Euscliema viUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. 408 (1854).
Pnvplish-brown (probably purplish-black when fresh) ; forewing with a semi-
hyaline curved discal macular band, a small spot beyond upper end of cell, a large
oblique spot in middle of the cell, and a small spot near its base : hindwing chrome-
jellow, with a purplish-brown marginal band traversed by a zigzag yellow line along
its inner border from the anal end. Abdomen yellow, with purple-brown bands ; tip
of palpi, and legs above purple-brown ; antennae black.
Expanse 2^ inches.
CUSTJMA LIMBATA (Plate 189, Fig. 5, 5).
Cusuma limbaia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18V9, p. 415.
Female. Upperside : forewing dark purple-black, with a bluish-white diaphanous
oblique subapical spot crossed by two veins, and a small oblique spot within the cell ;
hindwing golden-yellow, with a broad wavy-bordered purple-black marginal band,
which extends narrowly along anterior margin and terminates in a spot at its base.
Thorax, head, antennjB, dorsal bands, and anal segment, purple-black. Abdomen
above and beneath, and sides of thorax, golden yellow. Legs black above, yellow
beneath. Underside of wings as above.
Expanse 2| inches.
Tamily GEOMETRID^.
Wings smooth, generally entire, alike in both sexes. Forewing mostly acute or
subfalcate at the apex. Hindwing rounded or angular in the middle : radial vein
present. Body moderately stout ; palpi generally straight, slender, sometimes varying
in the sexes ; antenna3 of male very generally pectinated, with filiform tips, simple
or crenulated in the female ; abdomen sometimes crested ; legs smooth, rarely long,
not villose, hind tibife in some species with a single pair of spurs.
Larva looped in walking, elongated, stiff in repose, often rough; head generally
GEOUETBIDJE. 425
bifid at the top ; second and anal segment frequently with two conical points. Lives
uncovered on trees and low plants. Pupa enclosed in a web amongst leaves.
Genus GEOMETRA.
Geometni, Linn. S. N. 1, p. 519 (1758), id. Ed. xii. 11, p. 858 (17G7); Haworth, Lep. Brit. 11, p.
271 (1809); Treits. Scli. Eur. v. 2, p. 430 (1825); Uiipoiichel, Lep. Fr. vii. 2, p. 106 (182i>);
Boisd. Ind. Mctli. p. 179 (1840); Steph. Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 169 (1850); Lederer,
Vers. Eur. Span. p. 24 (1853); Gueuee, Ph.al. i. p. 343 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. llet.
B. M. xxii. p. 506.
Hipparchus, Leacli, Ediii. Euc. ix. p. 134 (1815); Samoueilc, Eiit. U. C. p. 253 (1819); Curtis,
Brit. Eut. vii. fol. 300 (1830) ; Stephens, 111. B. Eut. Haiist. Ill, p. 178 (1831).
Holothahissis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 285 (1818-25).
Forewing moderately long, triangular; costa slightly arched towards end,
apex acute, exterior margin oblique, convex ; cell half the length ; first subcostal
near the end, second approximate, quadrifid, sixth from the end ; discocellular
deeply concave, radial from above the middle ; the middle median close to end of
cell, lower at fully two-fifths : hindwing broad, short, exterior margin convex,
slightly scalloped ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal close to end ; disco-
cellular bent above the middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end
of cell, lower at fully two-fifths. Body moderately slender; palpi porrect, narrow,
second joint projecting beyond the front, very laxly clothed, third joint about one-
third the length of second, slender, squamous ; antenute in male bipectinated, the
branches stout, ciliated ; legs rather stout, squamous, hind tibise thickened, spurs
moderately long, slender.
Ti/pe, G. papilionaria.
GEOMETKA SPECULARIA (Plate 194, Fig. 1, $ la larva).
Geometra fpecidaria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 342 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxii. p. 514
(1861).
Bright green ; cilia paler : forewing with traces of a darker discal sinuous line ;
a small black lunular spot at end of the cell : hindwing with traces of a darker
discal sinuous line ; a small purplish-ochreous basal spot, and an irregular angulated-
bordered transverse discal fascia enclosing a small black spot at end of the cell, the
centre of the fascia being brighter coloured. Vertex and basal joint of antennae
white ; front of head and palpi above ferruginous ; legs white with dark-brown
terminal bands ; antennae green.
Expanse 2 inches.
Larva with 10 legs ; looped ; slender ; head bifid ; a conical prominence on
12th segment; colour green; head and front legs pale purplish-red and darker
vol;. III. 3 I
426 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
spotted. Pupa rather narrow, tliorax very oblique; green; abdominal segments
with minute darker speckles ; spiracles pink.
■ Genus THALASSODES.
Thalassodes, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 359 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 547 (1861).
"Wings delicate, almost semi-transparent : forewing triangular, rather short and
broad; apex pointed; cell fully half the length; first subcostal close to end of cell,
second with five branches, the sixth being thrown off from beyond base of second ;
discocellular bent above and below the middle, radial from upper angle ; two upper
medians from a footstalk at a short distance beyond the cell, lower fully two-fifths :
hindwing short, broad, quadrate ; apex pointed ; cell one-third the length at
upper end, half at the lower end; two subcostals at half beyond the cell; disco-
cellular very obhque, bent above and below the middle, radial from upper angle ;
two upper medians at one-fourth beyond the cell, lower one- third before the end.
Body slender ; palpi straight, laxly clothed beneath, second joint in male extending
a little beyond the head, third joint slender ; in female both joints longer ; antennae
long, in male broadly bipectinated to one-third the tip, branches slender and laxly
ciliated, incumbent; antennas in female filiform; legs slender, smooth, hind tibite
not thickened, two pairs of short spurs. (T. cUssita and quadraria.)
Type, T. pilaria, Guen.
THALASSODES DISSITA (Plate 194, Fig. 2?, la larva).
Geometra dissita, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 519 (1861).
Glaucescent-green. Wings with numerous short slender transverse indistinct
chalybeous-white strigas, and a similar indistinct transverse discal slightly sinuous
line, which is bent opposite the marginal angle on the hindwing. Shaft of autennse
and vertex white ; front of head, tip of palpi, and forelegs above pale ochreous-
brown, palpi, body and legs beneath white.
Expanse 1-h to liir inch.
Larva with 10 legs; looped; slender; head bifid; a pointed prominence on
12th segment; colour reddish above, greenish beneath ; legs red.
Pupa pinkish, greenish in front ; thoi'ax and abdomen minutely black-speckled.
" Feeds on Barringtonia " {Thwaites).
THALASSODES IMMISSARIA.
Thalassodes immissaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 553 (1861).
" Male. Pale dull green, suffused with pale luteous. Wings with almost
obsolete transverse whitish streaks, and with minute black marginal points : hind-
GEOMETRIDuE. 427
■wings with an obtuse angle behind the middle of the exterior border. Cilia whitish
at the base, the angles well defined. Antennge slightly pectinated to beyond half
the length.
'* Expanse 16 lines."
In Coll. E. L. Layard.
THALASSODES LEUCOSPILOTA (Plate 194, Fig. 4 <^).
Pale green. Wings crossed by a discal row of indistinct chalybeous- white
dentate spots, the lowest on each wing being large and more distinct : forewing with
a similar oblique subbasal series. Cilia purplish-cinei'eous, with a white spot at end
of the veins. Front of head green ; palpi, and forelegs above pale ochreous,
abdominal tuft ochreous ; body and legs beneath, and antennas ochreous-white.
Expanse lf%- inch.
THALASSODES NANDA.
Thalassodes Nanda, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 552 (1861), $ .
" Pale testaceous. Wings with two white denticulated lines, which are nearly
parallel to the exterior border, and are bordered with slightly deeper green than the
ground colour. Vertex white.
" Expanse 8 lines."
THALASSODES RUBROLIMBATARIA (Plate 195, FiG. 5).
Ammirinia ruhroUmhataria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 386 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M.
xxii. p. 603.
Thalassodes diserta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 553 (1861), ?.
Thalassodes simpliciaria, Walker, id. p. 553.
Pale green. Wings with a scarlet marginal line. Front of head, and forelegs
above brownish ; body and legs beneath white.
Expanse -f^ inch.
THALASSODES ? CHLOEOZONARIA.
Thalassodes chlorozonaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 554 (1861).
" Male. Reddish fawn colour. Wings moderately broad ; an obHque greenish
broad reddish-bordered band : forewings slightly acute ; a blackish dot near the tip
of the costa ; the band dilated exteriorly in front, abruptly retracted towards the
costa, including a whitish reddish-bordered ringlet ; costa hardly convex ; exterior
border moderately oblique. Palpi and antennge as in T. albannularia. Thorax and
fore part of abdomen greenish.
" Expanse 13 lines."
In Coll. E. L. Layard.
3 I 2
428 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus THALERA.
Thalera, Hiibiier, Vciz. Ijtk. Schmett, p. 285 (1818-25) ; Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 225
(1850); Lcderer, Veis. Eur. Spaa. p. 25 (1853); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 592
(1861).
Forewiug short, triangular ; apex acute ; cell nearly half the length ; first and
second subcostals from end of tlie cell, second quadrifid, sixth also from the end ;
discocellular deeply concave, radial fi'om above the middle ; two upper medians
from end of cell, lower at one-third : hindwing quadrate ; exterior margin slightly
sinuous, angular in the middle ; two subcostals from one-fourth beyond the cell ;
discocellular bent above the middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians at
one-fourth beyond the cell, lower at one-fifth before the end. Body slender; palpi
obliquely-ascending, laxly clothed beneath, third joint half the length of second,
cyli)idrical ; autenna3 in male serrated, the points ciliated ; legs long, slender, smooth,
hind tibiaj long, thickened, with a terminal pair of spurs only in male, with two
pairs in female.
Tijpe, T. Thymiaria.
THALERA COSTIPUNCTATA (Plate 195, Fig. 4).
Dull glaucescent-green. Cilia cinereous-white. Wings with a very indistinct
transverse discal row of whitish points, and a marginal row of white j^oints : fore-
wing with black streaks along the costal edge, and with traces of a whitish inner
lunular line. Front of head, palpi, and forelegs above brownish ; shaft of autennie
and vertex ochreous-white.
Expanse xo inch.
THALERA ACUTISSIMA (Plate 196, Fig. 7).
Tlialera aciitissima, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 596 (1861).
Olivaceous glaucescent-green. Wings with a transverse very indistinct whitish
discal line, and an indistinct whitish marginal line ; cilia pale yellowish ; caudal
angle of hindwing with a few blackish speckles. Vertex whitish; front of head,
and palpi above bi'own ; body and legs beneath whitish.
Expanse Ifg inch.
THALERA FLAVIFUSATA (Plate 194, Fig. 3, S , 3a larva).
Thalera flavifiisata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 596 (1861).
Green. Wings crossed by a slender reddish denticulated discal line, and a
purple red lunular marginal line ; cilia pale purplish ; a small brown spot at end of
each cell : f orewing also with traces of an inner denticulated line. Shaft of antennae
and vertex white ; front of head, tip of palpi, and legs above pale brown ; body and
legs beneath whitish.
GEOMETBIDJE. 429
Expanse <j ^, $ 1-^^ inch.
Larva with 10 legs; head bifid; a pointed prominence on 12th segment,
colour yellow, with a dorsal slender red double line ; middle segments with slender
black dorsal looped-marks; legs black. Pupa pale green; abdominal segments
minutely black-speckled.
" Feeds on Barringtonia " {Thcaltes).
THALERA DISJUNCTA (Plate 196, Fig. 5).
Thalera disjuncta. Walker, C'atal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 59.5 (1861), ?.
Dull glaucescent-green ; cilia whitish. Wings with a curved discal row of
indistinct whitish points, a marginal slender ferruginous-brown line interspaced
with white vein-points ; a prominent rounded spot at end of each cell, composed of a
yellow-bordered ferruginous brown ringlet with grey centre. Shaft of antenna)
and vertex whitish ; front of head, palpi and legs above ferruginous-brown.
Expanse Ito inch.
THALERA ALBANNULARIA.
Thalassodes alhanmdaria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 554 (18G1).
" Male. Yellow. "Wings moderately broad, minutely speckled with pale
brown ; a small white brown-bordered ringlet on each disc : forewings acute ;
costa very slightly convex ; exterior border moderately obhque. Palpi short,
obliquely ascending, third joint very minute ; antennte broadly pectinated nearly
to the tips.
" Expanse 12 hues."
In CoU. E. L. Layard.
THALERA MERITARIA.
Geometra meritaria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 522 (1861), $.
Female. Pale green ; of a slight emerald tint. Wings with a yellowish-bordered
purple-red narrow marginal band, which is chalybeous-speckled ; cilia yellow; a
large quadrate yellow-bordered purple-red spot at end of each cell ; a discal series of
yellow-bordered red spots, and a spot also near base of posterior margin of fore-
wing; costa yellow and slightly red-speckled. Thorax green; abdomen above, shaft
of antennse and vertex, whitish ; front of head, palpi and forelegs above ochreous-
brown ; body and legs beneath ochreous-white.
Expanse to inch.
THALERA LJESARIA.
lodis Iccsaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 544 (1861).
" Female. Very pale green, wings very delicate ; with an ochreous spot in the
disc, and with an exterior slightly curved ochreous line ; marginal points ochreous.
"Expanse 5| lines."
430
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus JODIS.
Jodis, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 285 (1818-25); Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 169 (1850);
Guenee, Phal. i. p. 353 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 537 (1861).
mmithea (part), Diiponchel, Lep. Fr. viii. p. 106 (1829).
Chlorochroma (part), Diip. Catal. p. 224 (1844).
Forewing rather broad, triangular; apex obtuse, exterior margin very slightly con-
vex ; cell nearly half the length, broad ; first subcostals very close to end of cell, slightly
touching the costal, second from end, quadrifid, sixth also from the end ; discocellular
concave, radial from above the middle ; the middle median very close to end of cell,
lower two-fifths : hindwing short, broad ; apex convex, exterior margin even, slightly
ano-ular in the middle ; cell nearly half the length ; two subcostals at one-fiftli beyond
the cell ; discocellular outwardly-oblique , radial from above the middle ; two upper
medians from a short distance beyond the cell, lower at one- third before the end.
Body slender; paJpi porrect, short, slender, joints moderately distinct; antennjB
bipectinated to tips, the branches stout and minutely ciliated in male, the branches
short and thick in female : legs squamous, hind tibiae thickened, with two pairs of
slender spurs.
Type, J. vernaria.
JODIS THALASSICA (Plate 194, Fig. 6).
Dull glaucescent-green. Wings unmarked. Cilia paler. . Abdomen cinereous-
ochreous ; front of head, tip of palpi, and forelegs above brown ; body beneath and
leo-s cinereous-ochreous ; shaft of antennas cinereous-ochreous.
Expanse A inch.
JODIS INDECEETATA (Plate 194, Fig. 5, ^ ).
Geometra indecretata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1555 (1862), p.
Pale green. Wings with a pale w-hitisli discal line, which is oblique and nearly
straight on the forewing and curved on the hindwing. Front of head, palpi, and
forelegs above brownish ; body and legs beneath white.
Expanse S t^, $ tV inch.
JODIS VIVILACA (Plate 195, Fig. 3, ? ).
Jodis vivilaca. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 544 (1861).
Pale green. Cilia greenish-white. Wings without markings, except a small
black dentate cell spot. Front of head and palpi brown ; body beneath whitish ;
legs brownish-white above.
Expanse \\ inch.
GEOMETRIBM. 431
Genus NEMORIA.
Nemoria, Hiibner, Ziitr. Exot. Schmett. i. p. 25 (1818); id. Vorz. bck. Schmett. p. 285 (1818-25);
Stephens, Illust. iv. p. 412 (1835); id. Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 225 (1850); Lederer, Vers.
Eur. Span. p. 25 (1853); Gueuee, Phal. i. p. 345 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii.
p. 531 (1861).
Forewing short, rather narrow ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal
close to end, second quadrifid, sixth from the end; discocellular concave, radial from
above the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third before the
end : hindwing broad ; exterior margin convex ; cell nearly half the length ; two
subcostals at one-fourth beyond the cell ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, radial from
above the middle; two upper medians from a short distance beyond the cell; lower
at one-fourth before the end. Body slender; palpi porrect, small, laxly squamous,
extending a little beyond the head ; autennte in male broadly bipectinated to one-
third the tip, the branches cihated ; legs slender ; hind tibice of male with one pair
of spurs. {N. vlridaria.)
Type, N. bistriaria (Hiibn. Ziitr. Exot. Schmett. 1, fig. 139).
NEMOPJA SOLID AEIA.
Nemoria solidaria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 348 (1857).
Jodis disccssa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p 544 (1861),?.
Nemoria lafaria. Walker, id. xxv. p. 1558 (1862), ?.
Pale green. Wings with two darker indistinct oblique lines : forewing with a
less distinct inner line. Front of head ochreous-brown ; body and legs beneath
white ; forelegs above pale ochreous-brown.
Expanse to inch.
NEMORIA VIATA (Plate 195, Fig. 6, ? ).
Olivaceous-green. Cilia olivaceous-cinereous. Wings with a pale chalybeous-
white discal wavy line : foi^ewing with a similar inner line. Front of head, palpi,
and forelegs above whitish-ochreous ; body and legs beneath, shaft of antennte and
vertex white.
Expanse ro inch.
Genus EUCROSTES.
Eucrostes, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 283 (1818-25).
Eucrostis, Lederer, Vers. Eur. Span. p. 25 (1853); Guenee, Phal. i. p. 366 (1857); Walker, Catal.
Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 565 (1861).
Hemithea (part), Duponchel, Boisduval.
Wings small : forewing triangular ; cell half the length ; first subcostal close to
end, slightly touching the costal, second trifid, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular
inwardly-oblique, deeply concave, radial from near upper end ; two upper medians
4r,2 THE LJEPIDOPTEEA OF CETLON.
from end of cell, lower at one-sixth before the end : hindwing convex externally ;
cell half the leno-th ; two subcostals from end ; discocellular bent above the middle,
radial from the ano-le ; two upper medians from a short distance beyond the cell,
low^er close to the end. Body rather stout; palpi porrect, small, not extending
beyond the front, rather slender, laxly squamous, third joint very minute ; antennse
in male bipectinated to one-third the tip, the branches stout and ciliated ; legs
slender, hind tibi« in male with one pair of spurs.
Tyye, B. indigenaria.
EUCROSTES DISPAEATA (Plate 19G, Fig. 3).
Eucrosiis disparata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 567 (18G1).
Geometra parvulata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1555 (1862).
Vivid green. Wings with a transverse very indistinct wavy oblique discal
whitish Une, and a mai-ginal reddish lunular Hue ; costa and marginal line indistinctly
edo-ed with pale yellow. Cilia reddish-cinereous. Shaft of antennas, and vertex
white ; branches of antennas brownish ; front of head reddish ; sides of palpi, and
legs above reddish.
Expanse to inch.
Genus ZAMARADA.
Wings semihyaline : forewing triangular ; cell two-fifths the length ; first sub-
costal close to end, second approximate, trifid, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular
concave, radial from the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-
third : hindwing convex externally, very slightly dentate ; cell two-fifths the length ;
two subcostals from end ; discocellular obliquely-concave ; radial absent ; two
upper medians from end of cell, lower at nearly one-half. Body slender ; palpi
porrect, short, squamous, third joint very minute, pointed ; antennjB broadly bipecti-
nated and ciliated ; legs slender, smooth, spurs very short.
ZAMARADA TRANSLUCIDA (Plate 197, Fig. 2,?).
Comihana transhicida, Wa,\ker, MS. (Brit. Mils. Coll.).
Wings semihyaline, glossy, olive-green, irridescent ; with a broad purple-brown
marginal band ; the band on forewing quadrately excavated on its inner edge from
the upper to lower median, the band on the hindwing waved anteriorly and quad-
rately excavated from upper to lower median ; the bands with the inner bordering
line black, the inner area with a few fine minute black strigge, and traversed by a
submarginal metallic-yellow sinuous line ; a minute black dot at end of each cell.
Cilia pale ochreous, alternated with purple-brown. Body pale purple-brown ; legs
ochreous-white.
Expanse c? to,? liV inch.
GEOMETRIDyE. 433
Genus COMIB^NA.
Comilxnia, Iliibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 284 (1818-25); Stephens, Illust. iv. p. 412 (1835);
/(/. Catal. B. Lep. P.. M. p. 170 (1850); Walker, Catal. Lcp. Ilet. B. M. xxii. p. 568 (18G1).
Phorodesiiia (part), Boisduval, I>i'ilerer, Gueueo.
Forewing triangular ; apex obtuse; cell balf the length; first and second sub-
fostals from end of cell, second with five branches, the sixth being thrown off from
the second at some distance beyond its base ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, radial
from above the middle ; the middle median close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths :
Uindwing short ; exterior margin convex ; cell half the length ; two subcostals at
half beyond the cell ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, bent outward above the middle,
radial from above the angle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-
fourth. Body slender ; palpi porrect, projecting half beyond the head, squamous,
hairy beneath, third joint cylindrical ; antennte broadly bipectinated to near tip, the
branches finely ciliated ; legs slender, squamous, hind tibite, with a tuft of scales
extending beyond tht^ tip, with four spurs.
Tijpe, C. bajularia.
COMIB^NA DISPANSA.
Comihana clispansa, Walker, Catal Lep. Ilet. I!. M. xxii. p. 574 (1851), ?.
Green. Wings with a silvery-white purple-red bordered narrow marginal band,
which is slightly dilated and prolonged from the angle of the posterior margin on the
forewing : forewing with the costal border silvery-white and minutely speckled with
purple-red scales ; a red-bordered silvery-white spot at upper end of cell and a
smaller spot at its lower end; a small red-speckled spot also below end of cell
on the hindwing. Body above green ; body and legs beneath white.
Expanse -fs inch.
COMIB^NA PANNOSA (Plate 195, Fio. 1, la, 5 ?, 16 larva).
Comiknia dei-txata* (var.), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 574, $.
Green. Wings with traces of a paler sinuous discal line ending on the pos-
terior margin of each wing in a purplish-red point; a slender dentated purple-
red marginal line ; a similar-coloin-ed grey-scaled large wavy-bordered oval patch
at the posterior angle of forewing and a smaller triangular patch at apex of
hindwing, the patch on forewing of male pale centred ; forewing with the costal
edge Avhitish and speckled with red ; a minute blackish dot at end of each cell.
Cilia with purplish-red points. Shaft of antennae and vertex white; front of head,
palpi and forelegs above ochreous-brown ; body, palpi and legs beneath white;
abdomen above purplish-red, with whitish bands.
* Tlie true C. devcj-ata is figii!ed on Plate 197, Fig. 5, from a drawing of the type speeiinen in the
Saunderfian CoUectiou. It ib quite a distinct species, auJ is found only in N.li. India.
VOL. III. ^ ^
434 ■ THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Larva with 10 legs; slender, twig-like; gTeen ; spiracles black; 2nd and 12th
segment with a pointed prominence ; head and legs reddish. Pupa green ; abdo-
minal segments minutely black-speckled.
" Feeds on Loranthus " (Thioaites).
COMBI^NA DIVAPALA (Plate 195, Fig. 2, q 2a larva).
Comihixna divapala. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 5"o (1861), ?.
Dark green. Costal border, a broad patch at the posterior angle, and an
angulated white-bordered broad marginal band on the hindwing pale ferruginous,
each thickly speckled with dark brown. Cilia pale ferruginous and brown -speckled.
Forewing also with a transverse discal sinuous indistinct white line, the lower end of
which borders the posterior patch ; two submarginal rows of small ferruginous-white
points, a cluster of greyish scales at end of the cell ; and at base of the hindwing a
cluster of white scales. Thorax, vertex, and front of head green ; abdomen pale
ferruginous and brown-speckled ; tip of palpi, and bands on fore and middle legs
ferruginous ; body and legs beneath white.
Expanse 1t% inch.
Larva with 10 legs, looped, short ; the segments subdorsally protuberant; 12th
segment with a conical protuberance ; colour olivaceous-green, anterior and posterior
segments purplish-brown. Pupa greenish-brown, thickly covered with minute
purple-brown speckles.
" Feeds on Myrtus" {ThwaUea).
COMIB.a;NA SEMIALBA (Plate 196, Fig. 1, q , \a larva).
Comihccna scmialba, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 601 (1861).
Dark green : forewing with a white dentated discal fascia, and a submarginal
dentated line, the points of which extend to end of the veins ; marginal dots dark
green ; costal border blotched with purplish cinereous-brown scales ; a slight subbasal
fascia composed of white scales : hindwing with the outer half white, encompassing
a discal series of conical green spots and a submarginal line ; marginal spots greenish-
black, cilia whitish. Thorax green ; head brown ; abdomen and legs whitish.
Expanse 1^ inch.
Larva with 10 legs; 2nd, 3rd, and 5th segment with short subdorsal protuber-
ances, and 7th and 8th segment with longer pointed protuberances, the jjosterior
segment with a point ; colour olive-green, brown-speckled, anterior and posterior
segments pale purplish-brown; a double brown line along the back. Pupa greenish,
thickly covered with minute j^urple-brown speckles.
"Feeds on Loranthus" (Thwaites).
GEOMETRIDJE. 435
COMIB^NA BIPLAGIATA.
hiphvjiata, Wiilker, MS. Coll. Brit. Mils.
Green : forcwing with a transverse angulated antemedial wliite line, a post-
medial line, and a submarginal lunular line, the two former lines bent outward below
the median, and the outer line between upper and middle median ; a white line also
extending from the angle of inner to discal hue, and the veins between the diseal
and outt r line also white ; posterior angle purplish-red with black speckles : hind-
wing with a white discal line, which is bent outward at the discocellular and joins a
wavy submarginal line ; a large purplish-red black-speckled patch at the apex,
and a smaller one at anal angle. Thorax and abdomen with Avhite bands; shaft of
antennce, vertex, palpi, legs and body beneath white ; front of head partly green and
white ; fore tibijB with a brown-speckled band.
Expanse Ito inch.
Allied to C. partita, Walker.
Genus BERTA.
S.rt„, Walker, Catul. Lop. Ilet. B. M. xxvi. p. 1621 (18G2).
Male : forewing rather short, costa arched, exterior margin very slightly oblique ;
cell less than half the length ; first subcostal from end of cell, five-branched, the
sixth also from the end ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, bent above the middle,
radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third :
hindwing short, broad ; exterior margin sinuous, angular ; cell less than half the
length ; two subcostals at one-fourth from beyond the cell ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, bent above the middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians a short
distance beyond end of cell, lower near the end. Body slender; palpi porrecb,
slender, second joint extending beyond the head, third joint linear, less than half
length of second; antennas broadly bipectinated to half the length, the branches
long, ciliated ; legs smooth, slender, hind tibiae thickened, with four slender spurs.
BERTA CHEYSOLINEATA (Plate 196, Fig. 4).
Berta chrysoHneafa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1621 (1862).
Olive-green. Wings with a basal cluster, a medial, submarginal, and a marginal
row of irregular-shaped large white spots. Cilia alternated with white. Abdomen
with whitish bands ; vertex white ; head, palpi above and forelegs brownish ; body
and legs beneath white.
Expanse 1 inch.
BERTA GAVISSIMA (Plate 196, Fig. 6, ^).
Comibcena (/aviisima, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. .575 (1S61).
Pale green. Wings crossed by three basal, two submarginal, and a marginal
3 ic 2
436 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
row of white dentate spots, and a narrow medial zigzag band, wliicli is absorbed at
the costal end in a large yellowish-bordered purplish patch, and is posteriorly
bordered by purplish-red, this colour also bordering the baud across the hindwing.
Cilia green, alternated with white. Abdomen above with white spots ; thorax
green; vertex aud front of head partly green and white; palpi, legs, and body beneath
white; forelegs and tarsi with brown bands.
Expanse lA inch.
Genus MAXATES.
Forewing triangular ; exterior margin acutely deutated ; cell two-fifths the
length ; first subcostal close to end, second from the end, quadrifid, sixth also from
the end ; discocellular inwardly-oblique, bent above the middle, concave below, the
radial from angle ; two upper medians from a short distance beyond end of cell,
lower at nearly half before the end : hindwing very short, prolonged hind ward, ex-
terior margin acutely deutated, somewhat caudate in the middle ; cell nearly half the
length; two subcostals at oue-fifth beyond the cell; discocellular outwardly -oblique,
bent above the middle, radial from the angle; two upper medians at one-fourth
beyond the cell, lower at one-third before the end. Cilia ample. Body slender ; palpi
porrect, second joint extending two-thirds beyond the head, third cylindrical, one-
third the length of second in male, nearly as long as second in female ; antennas very
l^roadly bipectinated to one-third the tip, branches ciliated; legs slender, hind tibias
with two pairs of slender spurs.
MAXATES C^LATARIA (Plate 196, Fig. 2S, 2a?).
Thalassodes avlataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 552 (1861), S .
Dark a-reen : forewins^ with a testaceous costal band, which is angled and
dentated on the middle of its lower edge ; a testaceous patch at the posterior angle :
hindwing with a narrow apical and broad anal testaceous patch. The band and
patches with a few short transverse black strigjB. Both wings crossed by a slender
white sinuous discal line, that on the hindwing broadly dilated at its costal end ;
marginal line slender, black. Cilia testaceous. Thorax green ; abdomen testaceous ;
shaft of antenna? and vertex testaceous-white ; front of head, tip of palpi, and fore-
legs above ochreous-brown ; body and legs beneath ochreous-white.
Expanse c? Ito, ? li'o inch.
Genus AGATHIA.
Afjathia, Gneoee, Phal. i. p. 380 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 589 (1861
Wings broad : forewing rather short, triangular ; cell less than half the length ;
first subcostal at one-sixth, second from angle close to end, quadrifid, sixth from
the end ; discocellular concave, radial from above the middle ; the middle median
GEOMETRIDJE. 437
very close to end, lower at two-fiftlis : himlwing short, exterior margin dentate, sub-
caudate ; cell nearly half the length; two subcostals from the end; discocellulai-
concave, radial from above tlie middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower
at one-third. Body slender, abdomen with small dorsal tufts ; palpi slender,
obliquely-porrect, extending some distance beyond the head, third joint about half
length of the second in male, nearly as long as the second in female; antennae
simple; legs smooth, hind tibiaj Avith two pairs of spurs.
Type, A. lycEenaria.
AGATHIA LiETATA (Plate 197, Fic 1, \n,$ ?, \b larva).
Phalcnna Icctata, Fabricius, Eat. Svst. iii. 2, (i. IGl (179i).
Afjathia catenaria, VValkei-, Catal. Lep. Ilet. li. .\.\ii. p. 590 (1861).
Bright green. Wings with a broad purplish-red wavy-bordered marginal baud,
enclosing a green indentated apical patch on the forewing and an oval patch on
middle of the exterior margin of hindwiug; the band with a few slender indistinct
black flecks and traversed by a parallel indistinct cinereous line ; the subcaudal
angle dark red. Costal border of forewing and the extreme base also purplish-red.
Cilia pale purplish-red with darker vein points. Front of thorax green ; hind part
of thorax, abdomen above, shaft of antennte, vertex, front of head, tip of palpi, and
fore tibiaj above purplish-red; palpi and body beneath whitish; legs brownish-
white.
Expanse cT ? 1-^,^ inch.
Larva with 10 legs; looped; with prominences on 2nd and 12th segments ;
colour green. Pupa yellowish-green above, green beneath, abdominal segments
black-speckled.
"Feeds on Nerium oleander" {Tlnraitcs).
AGATHIA INTERCISSA.
Aijatliia inierdssa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. I'.. M. xxil. p. 592 (1861).
Vivid green : forewing with a short basal, an interrupted medial and a discal
pale purplish-red dentated band, and a narrow marginal deutated line ; costal
border and a spot at the apex also purplish-red : hindwiug with a discal dentated
interrupted band, a narrow marginal line with blackish outer points, and a lai-ge
dark purple-red subcaudal spot. Cilia whitish with purplish-red spots. Thorax
and base of abdomen green; tip of abdomen, vertex, front of head, tip of palpi, and
forelegs above purplish-red ; palpi and body beneath and legs white.
Expanse IfV inch.
438 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
AGATHIA MAGNIFICA (Plate 197, Fir,. 4,?).
Aijiithia mwjnifira, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 416.
Brio-lit o-rceu. Wings with a purplish-red undulated bordered marginal baud,
enclosiug a lai-ge indentated oval apical green patch and three separated lower
inarginarsjjots on the forewing, and on the hindwing a large oval medial marginal
green patch; the subcaudal angle with a white spot; the band inwardly traversed
by a slight grey line : forewing also wnth a transverse medial undulated uniformly
narrow purplish-red band and a short band at the extreme base ; costal border also
purplish-red. Cilia purplish-cinereous with darker vein points. Thorax above, and
dorsal bands on abdomen green ; vei-tex, antenna?, front of head, abdomen at sides
and ti]i, palpi and forelegs above purplish-red ; palpi and body beneath and legs
brownish-white.
Expanse ? It^ inch.
AGATHIA HEMITHEARIA (Plate 197, Fig. 3, ?).
.\;l„t]iia Hanithcaria, Giiciiee, I'lial. i. p. 3,si (1^57); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxii. p. 590 (1861).
Brio-ht green. Wings with a very broad purplish-red marginal band, which is
indentated on its inner edge below the radial and below the lower median, and encloses
an indentated quadrate apical green patch and two small paler spots below it on the
forewing, and on the hindwing a large oval medial marginal green patch ; a white
streak at subcaudal angle : foi-ewing also with a transverse medial deeply undulated
narrow purplish-red band, a short basal band, and a costal band. Thorax, and dorsal
spots on base of abdomen green ; vertex, antennaj, front of head, tip of palpi, forelegs
and abdomen above purplish-red ; palpi and body beneath, and legs brownish-white.
Expanse S Its, 5 1t% inch.
Family PALYAD^.
Wings well developed, smooth ; cilia short. Antenna? very long and slender,
rarely ciliate or pectinate ; palpi well developed, ascending. Body slender, abdomen
long, smooth ; legs long, very slender, hind tibia? not thickened.
Lnrva unknown.
Genus EUMELEA,
.E !««(>?<•((, Wept wood, Duncan's, Nat. Libr. E.'^ot. Motlis, p. 215 (lt>41) ; Giu'tiee, Plial. i. p. 391
(1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 609 (186S).
Amelris U'*''). Iliiljuor, Veiz. Bek. Sclimett. p. 303.
Forewinsr elonirated, trianrrular ; costa somewhat arched towards the end, apex
acute, slightly falcate, exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell half the length ; first
subcostal at one-eighth, touching the costal near its end, second approximate, anas-
PA L )'.! DyE. 439
toraosed to middle of tlie first, third from end of cell, trifid, sixtli also from tlie cud ;
discocellular bent in the middle, concave at each end, radial from the angle ; middle
median close to end, lower at one half : hindwing triangular, apex convex, exterior
margin very oblique, anal angle prominent; cell two-fifths the length; two sub-
costals at one-fifth beyond end of the cell ; discocellular undulated, radial from the
middle ; the middle median close to end of cell, lower fully one-half. Cilia short.
Body long, slender; palpi slightly ascending, rather broad and compressed, clothed
•with short lax hairs above and beneath, third joint short, linear in male, slender in
female; antennas very long and slender, smooth in both sexes; legs long, very
slender, tarsi very long, fore tibife with a small tuFt, hind tilji* of inilo finoly pilos3
beneath, spurs very long and slender.
Type, E. rosalia.
EUMELEA LTJDOVICATA (Plate 198, Fig. 1, \n, $ 3 ).
Eumeha Ludovkata, Gueuee, Phal. i. p. 393 (IS.")?); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 610
(1861).
Eumelea rosalia, Westwooil, Duncan'.^ Nat. Libr. E.Kot. :M()tlis, p. 215, pi. 29, f. 4 {luc. Cramer).
Golden yellow. Wings in male numerously covered with purple-red short
transverse strigje, which are thickest and form more or less confluent blotches on
the basal and medial areas ; a more prominent purple-red discal fascia, the veins
crossing which are lined with purplish-black ; sometimes there is also a less defined
similar medial fascia ; the costa of forewing also with short purple-black strigas ;
marginal line dark purple-red, cilia paler. Female with the strigte more uniformly
disposed and narrower throughout ; the forewing with the discal, medial, and a less
apparent antemedial fascia. Collar, a line on the vertex, front of head, palpi above,
speckles on femora and tibice above, and on abdomen, and antennjB above
purple-red.
Expanse 2 to 2f inches.
ETJMELEA VULPERARIA (Plate 198, Fig. 2, S).
Phal. Geometra vulperaria, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 21-5, pi. 400, f. O. P. (1782).
Ametris vulperaria, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 303.
Eumelea vulperaria, Gucnee, Plial. i. p. 393; Walker, Catal Lep. llet. B. M. xxii. p. 611.
Phalaena gravidata, Fabricius, Eut. Sjst. iii. 2, p. \7o (1794).
Male and female. Olivaceous-ochreons. Wings with numerous uniformlv
disposed slender short transverse purple-red strigte : forewing crossed by three more
or less distinct purple-red narrow bands, and hindwing with a simiLir narrow medial
band and a broader submarginal strigose fascia ; the extreme apex of hindwing
4-10 THE LEriDOFTKRA OF CEYLON.
bright yellow ; marginal line and cilia purple-red. Body and legs with purple-red
speckles.
Expanse 1-| to 2 inches.
EUMELEA AURELIATA (Plate 19S, Fig. 4, 4^, ^ ? ).
Eumehn aweUata, Giienee, Piial. i. p. 394, pi. 22, tig. 6 (18.-)7) ; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xxii.
p. 611 (1861).
Golden yellow. Wings with numerous irregularly-disposed golden-red speckles,
which are more or less flecked vnth. purple ; crossed by a medial and discal more or
less formed dark purple blotched broken fascia with accompanying darker vein
streaks ; the blotched portions on the forewing generally larger towards the upper
eud of discal and lower end of the medial fascia, and on the hindwing at upper end
of the medial fascia ; similar dark subbasal blotches on both wings ; marginal line
dark pui'ple, cilia paler. Body and legs with dark purple fieckles.
Expanse 2 1|, S 2^ inches.
EUMELEA FIAVATA (Plate 198, Fig. 3, ? ).
Golden-yellow. Wiugs with numerous regularly-disposed golden-red speckles :
forewing crossed, as in E. viilperaria, by three, and hindwing by two purple-brown
bauds, the outer band on both wings being broken aud of a more purple-red colour,
especially that on the hindwing, and with darker vein streaks; marginal line golden-
red ; cilia pale pui pie. Body and legs with golden-red speckles.
Expanse 2 inches.
Genus COCYPARIS.
Cori/paris, Walker, Calal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 1.^72 (1SG2).
Bidliithu, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilel. ?>. M. xxxiv. p. 1214 (ISOo).
Forewing somewhat oval ; costa arched, apex convex ; a small dense compact
tuft of metallic black scales on middle of the jjosterior margin ; cell more than half
the length ; first subcostal at two-fifths, second at one-fifth, bifid, fouii-h from angle
close to end, bifid, the fourth anastomosed to third from near its base to near its
end, sixth from end of cell; discocellular concave, radial from near lower end;
middle median close to end, lower at fully two-fifths : hindwing somewhat oval,
apex and exterior margin convex; cell narrow, two-fifths the length; two sub-
costals from end of cell ; discocellular bent in the middle ; radial from below the
angle ; two upper medians from extreme end, lower at fully two-fifths. Body
rather slender, abdcmen srrcoth ; palpi ascendirg, in male rather slender, second
joint reaching above the vertex, third joint rather longer than second, very slender
and elavate ; palpi in female longer and more slender; antenna slender, finely
biciliated in male, simple in female ; legs squamous, slender, spurs long.
Note. — This genus is placed here with doubt. It is probably a Lithosiid
CYCLOPHORIDyE. 441
COCYPAEIS INSOLITATA (Plate 198, Fig. 5, 5«, <J ? ).
Ciicijpai-is riisolilata, Walker, Cat;il. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1572 (1862).
Btdlaihd utrotnmens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1215 (1865).
Forewing greyish oclireous-brown, the base, apex, middle of costa, and posterior
margin more oclireous ; the basal area, au angular transverse discal fascia, a cell
streak, and an oblique subapical streak, and the cilia washed with metallic silvery-
grey ; a prominent black oval apical spot, which is yellow-bordered and traversed
by a yellow line; a raised tuft of metallic black scales on middle of the posterior
margin; hindwing oclireous, with a clouded black discal patch. Thorax, head,
tip of palpi, and forelegs above greyish ochrcous-brown ; abdomen, palpi, middle
and hindie^'S ochreous.
Expanse, c? ItV, 2 Ito inch.
Family CYCLOPHORID.ffi.
Epliijrid(v, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 4u2 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxii. p. 622.
Wings small, extended during repose; alike in colour, and markings, which
generally consist of two remote lines of points and of a discal ocellus. Proboscis
moderately long ; palpi conspicuous, third joint fihform, very distinct, often long ;
antennas of male generally pectinated to near the end ; legs rather long ; hind tibife
with only one pair of spurs.
Larva cylindrical, elongated, without protuberances ; head rather large, flattened
and slightly indented. Lives exposed on trees. Pupa truncate in front, suspended
by a silken thread at the tail and by a girdle round the body.
Genus CYCLOPHORA.
Cyclnphora, Hiibner, Teutamen, p. 2 (1806) ; Stephens, Catal. ii. p. 127 (1829).
Lcucophthalmia et Codoiu'a, Hiibn., Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 302 (1825-7).
i'/j/^^/ra * Duponchel, Lep. Fr. vii. 2, p. 108 (1829 ) ; id. viii. 1, p. 20 (1830); Steph., Illiist. Haust.
ill. p. 198(1831) ; Curtis, Brit. Ent. fol. 447 (1834); Gueii., Plial. i. p. 405; Walker, Catal. Lep.
Het. B. M. xxii. p. 624.
Zonosoma, Lederer, Vers. Eur. Span., pp. 10, 30 (1853).
Male. Forewing triangular, apex acute, exterior margin very slightly angular
in the middle ; cell half the length ; first subcostal at two-fifths, quadrifid, fifth at one-
fifth, very slightly touching second near its base, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular
recurved, radial from middle ; the middle median about one-sixth, lower at two-
fifths : hindwing sliort, exterior margin slightly angular in the middle ; cell half the
* L'sed iu 1809 for a genus of Acalepha;.
\0h. IN. o L
442 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
ieno-tli. broad : two subcostals from the end ; discocellular nearly straight, radial
from middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at two-fifths. Body short;
palpi porrect, small, slender, pointed at tip; antennas bipectinated and ciliated to two-
thirds the tip ; legs long, slender, middle and hind tibiae with one pair of slender spurs.
Tijpc, C. pendularia.
CYCLOPHORA PENDULiEIA.
Phal. Gcometia imndularia, Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 327 (1761) ; Clerck, Icones, pi. 7, f. 5.
Ephyra pendularia, Duponchel, Lep. Fr. viii. p. 35, pi. 172, f. 5 ; Steplieus, lUust. Haiist. iii. p. 199.
Ci/clopliora pcnihtlaria, lldbiier, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806); Stephens, Catal. ii. p. 127.
Zonosoma pendularia, Leilerer, Vers. Eur. Span. pp. 10, 30, fig. 6 (1853).
Ephyra msarmana. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 637 (18G1), ? .
Whitish cinereous. Wings very sparsely speckled with very indistinct slender
black strigee ; a white spot at end of each cell, which is reddish-bordered on the
forewing, and black-bordered on the hindwing : foreAving crossed by a curved
antemedial and a recurved discal row of black points, and a marginal row of points :
hindwing with a discal and marginal row of black points.
Expanse 1 inch.
The specimen from Ceylon in the British Museum collection, named Ephyra
vusarmana by Mr. Walker, is identical with European specimens of C. pen-
dularia.
CYCLOPHORA ABHADRACA (Plate 199, Fig. 3, 3a, larva).
Ejjhyra Ahhadraca, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 636 (1861), ?.
AVings pale purplish-red; cilia yellow; a pale whitish irregular submarginal
patch, which is traversed by an undulating purple-red speckled line ; a purple-red
cell spot, which is largest and white-centred on the hindwing. Costal border and
base of forewing mostly overspread with yellowish cinereous. Body reddish.
Expanse to inch.
Larva long, very slender ; looped ; with 10 legs ; colour purple-black ; some
minute white spots on anterior segments, and an interrupted slender lateral line.
Pupa slender, purplish, vai'iegated with green segmental bauds and longitudinal
black lines, and black stripes along wing cases.
" Feeds on Eugenia " {Thwaites).
CYCLOPHORA INVEXATA (Plate 199, Fig. 2, ^ ).
Epionc invcxaUi, AValker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxvi. p. 1497 (18G2), $.
Ephyra moaochromala. Walker, id. p. 1754 (1862), $ .
Yellow. Forewing with a faint trace of an angular discal pale brownish fascia.
.A small white-centred brown cell spot which is indistinct on the forewing. Shaft of
CYCLOPIIOniDyE. 443
antennae and vertex pale brownisli-ochreous ; front of head, palpi, and forelegs
above dark ochreoiis-brown.
Expanse 1 inch.
CYCLOPHORA QUIETA (Plate 199, Fig. 1, la, .t ? .)
Ephyra quieta, Swinlioe, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 856, pi. 56, f. I.
Male and female. Duller yellow than G. invexata. Cilia bright yellow. Both
wings thickly covered with pale brownish-ochreous strigae, and with a recurved
discal pale brownish fascia, which in the female is outwardly bordered by a row of
brown points ; cell spot white-centred.
Expanse, $ \, q Ito inch.
This may probably be a variety of G. invexata.
Genus ANISODES.
Anisodes, Guenee, Plial. i. p. 415 (185'7) ; Walker, Catal. Lep Het. B. M. xxii. p. 639 (1861).
Male. Forewing triangular, more or less acute at apex, exterior margin even ;
cell half the length ; first subcostal neai'ly half before end of cell, second at one-
fourth, bifid, slightly touching first near its base, fourth contiguous to base of second,
and slightly touching it above its base, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular very
slightly oblique, radial from above the middle ; the middle median close to end of
cell, lower fully one-third : hindwing short, broad, triangular, exterior margin very
oblique, convex, sometimes slightly sinuous ; cell nearly half the length ; first
subcostal close to end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, radial from above middle ;
the middle median very close to end, lower at one-third. Body moderately stout ;
palpi short, squamous beneath, third joint short, obtuse ; antennas minutely bipec-
tinated to two-thirds the length ; legs squamous, hind tibia; short, furnished with a
dense tuft of hairs, spurs concealed ; middle tibiae with a pair of slender unequal
spurs {A. lateritiaria).
ANISODES OBRINARIA (Plate 199, Fig. ia, 9).
Ephi/ra ohrinaria, Guenee, Plial. i. p. 414 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 036.
Anisodes oUiviaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 643 (1861), ?.
Pale violaceous brownish-ochreous. Wings crossed by a very indistinct pale
dusky cinereous zigzag medial fascia, a discal series of minute black points, and a
marginal row of points : forewing also with a subbasal series of points, and a similar
spot at end of cell : hindwing with a prominent white-centred black-bordered rounded
spot at end of cell. Base of antennas and vertex in male whitish ; front of head,
palpi and forelegs above, and hind tibial tuft in male purplish-red.
Expanse c? ? ItV inch.
3 L 2
444 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLO.Y.
ANISODES OVISIGNATA.
Anisodcs refponsaria, Var. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het B. M. xxii. p. 648, (1861), $ .
Male and female. Testaceous-yellow, paler beneath. "Wings thickly and
diffusedly covered with pale cinereous-purple speckles ; crossed by a very indistinct
similar coloured medial fascia, an antemedial and postmedial curved series of distinct
black points, some less defined submarginal points, and a marginal row of points :
forewing also with a black point in middle of cell, a larger but less distinct point at
upper end, and a small point at its lower end : hindwing with a distinct elongate
black-bordered white spot across end of cell. Body speckled with cinereous-purple
scales ; front of head reddish.
Expanse, S U%, ? It'tt inch.
ANISODES CARNEARIA (Plate 199, Fig. 6, 2 .)
Anisodes carnearia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 644 (1861), ?.
Deep ferruginous-red. Marginal points absent. Forewing crossed by an ante-
medial, medial, and discal very indistinct dusky-brown zigzag denticulated diffuse
line ; a minute white-centred blackish cell spot : hindwing with a similar denticulated
discal line, and a well-formed white-centred cell spot. Shaft of antennae and vertex
white ; front of head, palpi and forelegs above ferruginous-red.
Expanse Its inch.
ANISODES PATRUELIS (Plate 199, Fig. 10, ?).
Female. Near to A. carnearia. Larger; cinerescent ferruginous-red. "Wings
crossed by a very indistinct dusky medial zigzag fascia, a discal and marginal row of
black points ; a minute white-centred spot at end of each cell : forewing also with a
subbasal series of black points. Shaft of antennjB and vertex deep brownish-
ochreous ; front, palpi and forelegs above dai'k reddish-brown.
Expanse Iitt inch.
"Punduloya" (E. E. Green).
ANISODES CALIGATA (Plate 199, Fig. 4, ,?).
Anisodes caliijata, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. xxv. p. 1584 (1861), ?.
Pale brownish-ochreous. "Wings thickly speckled with indistinct pale purplish
strigfB ; crossed by a discal and marginal row of minute black points : forewing with
a small blackish cell spot, and a submarginal series of black points : hindwing with
a distinct black-bordered white cell spot. Shaft of antenna and vertex whitish ;
front of head, palpi and forelegs above reddish.
Expanse 1 inch.
CYCLOPirORIDyE. 445
ANISODES PALLIDA (Plate 201, Fig. 11).
Near to A. caligata. Whitisli-cinereous. Wings crossed by a narrow ante-
medial, medial, and a submarginal pale greyisli-brown zigzag band, interspaced by a
submarginal, discal, and marginal series of minute black points. A minute black cell
spot on forewing, and a white-centred ringlet on bindwiug. Palpi above brownish.
Expanse tu inch.
ANISODES NEBULOSATA (Plate 199, Fig. 5, ?).
Anisodcs ndmlosata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1583 (1862), ?.
Pale purplish yellowish-cinereous. Both wings with an indistinct diffuse pale
cinereous-brown blotched irregular medial and discal band : forewing with a narrow
similar antemedial band, and a darker lunule at end of cell.
Expanse 1 inch.
ANISODES ACUTA (Plate 215, Fig. 9).
Female. Pale ferruginous-red. Forewing produced and acute at the apex.
Both wings with a very indistinct discal series of minute slender black points, and a
marginal row of points; a dot at end of cell. Shaft of antennsB and vertex whitish ;
front, palpi, and forelegs above red.
Expanse 1 inch.
"Dickoya" (E. E. Green).
ANISODES SUBEOSEATA.
Anisodes subroseata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1583 (1862), ?.
Reddish-ochreous. Wings numerously covered with rosy-red speckles, which
are more thickly disposed across the outer area, and there mostly form confluent
ill-defined fascia3. Body rosy speckled ; fore and middle legs reddish-ochreous.
Expanse | inch.
ANISODES IGNORATA.
Anisodes ignorata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. :^L xxvi. p. 1584 (1862), ? .
Ferruginous-brown. Wings without any mat4s;ings except the brown very
minute marginal points, and a raised lunular streak at end of each cell. Front of
head and palpi ferruginous-red ; legs above pale ferruginous-brown.
Expanse 1 inch.
ANISODES ARENOSARIA (Plate 202,Fig . 1, ? ).
Female. Whitish-ochreous. Wings numerously flecked with short reddish-
ochreous strigge, some of which are confluent, and form an ill-defined irregular
zigzag transverse medial fascia, and less defined submarginal fasciae ; an indistinct
discal row of blackish points, and a marginal row of points; cell spot reddish-
ochi-eous. Front partly brown and white ; palpi and forelegs above ochreous-brown.
446 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Underside with the costal border of forewing broadly bordered with pale reddish-
ochreous ; discal points distinct.
Expanse li^r inch.
"Dickoja" {E. E. Green).
Has much the appearance of the Acidalia extimarla. Walker, figured on
Plate 204., fig. 5.
Genus SYNEGIA.
Synegia, Gueaee, Phal. i. p. 423 (1857) ; Walker, Catal Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxii. p. 653 (1861).
Male. Forewing rather short, triangular ; cell half the length ; first subcostal
at one-fifth, touching the costal near end, second approximate, quadrifid, sixth from
the end ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median
close to end, lower at two-fifths : hindwing short, triangular, apex convex ; cell
neai'ly half the length, broad at its base; first subcostal before end of cell;
discocellular outwardly-oblique, concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median
close to end, lower nearly half. Body long, slender, apex tufted; frontal tuft
pointed ; palpi obliquely ascending, projected beyond the front, very laxly squamous
beneath, thii'd joint conical; antenna3 bipectinated ; legs long, slender, smooth,
middle tibias with a pair of long slender spurs, hind tibiae with two pairs of long
spurs.
Ty2oe, S. botydaria.
SYNEGIA IMITAEIA.
Anisodes imitaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. G 43 (1861), $.
Anisodcs ohrimaria. Walker, id. xxii. p. 644 (1861), (J.
Pale ochreous-yellow. "Wings distinctly speckled with brownish-ochreous ; the
speckles partly confluent across the outer border and there form a submarginal more
or less blotched fascia; marginal points blackish; a blackish dot at end of each
cell : forewing with a transverse sinuous greyish-ochreous bordered antemedial line
and a prominent brownish discal line : hindwing with a similar discal line. Costa
of forewing chalybeous brownish-ochreous, with darker speckles. Thorax, head, and
palpi with brownish-ochreous bands ; abdomen with dorsal yellow-centred bands ;
collar chalybeous brownish-ochreous ; forelegs ochreous.
Expanse I4 inch.
Genus BORBACHA.
Near to Synegia. Both wings longer and narrower. Exterior margin of
hindwing sinuous. Venation similar. Antennas of male broadly pectinated on the
outer side only, the branches stout ; palpi much narrower, smoothly clothed, tliird
joint slender, pointed.
Tijpe, B. pardaria.
ID^ID^. 447
BORBACHA PARDARIA (Plate 199, Fig. 9, S)-
Anisodes pardaria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 420 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 647.
Yellow. Wings very sparsely speckled with short red strigse ; crossed by an
antemedial and an inwardly-oblique discal reddish-cinereous zigzag band ; the discal
band on forewing being composed of more or less broken lunular parts ; some similar
coloured subapical angular streaks on forewing, and short strigas on the costal
border. A small black spot at end of each cell. Body with reddish bands.
Expanse lyu inch.
Family ID.aEID^.
Acidalidiv, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 422 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 651.
Wings small, or of medium size, smooth, generally entire ; alike in colour and
markings : forewing triangular ; hindwing rounded, or with an angle on the exterior
margin. Body generally slender ; proboscis distinct ; palpi generally small ; antennjB
rather short, pubescent, or finely pectinated in the male, never plumose ; abdomen
not crested ; legs smooth ; hind tibiee of male often incrassated, and with aborted
tarsi ; one or two pairs of spurs in the female.
Larva slender, cylindrical, or keeled.
Lives hidden under low plants.
Pupa in a cocoon amongst leaves or in the earth.
Genus POMASIA.
Pomasia, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 427 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 656 (1861).
Forewing elongate, broad externally, apex and exterior margin convex; cell
more than half the length; first subcostal nearly one-third before end of cell,
quadrifid, fifth curved upward from end and slightly touching second near
its base; discocellular outwardly-oblique, radial from the middle; the middle
median from angle close to end, lower nearly one-third : hindwing very short,
exterior margin convex, waved; cell half the length; costal joined to subcostal
from near base to near end of cell ; two subcostals at one-fifth beyond end of cell ;
discocellular outwardly concave, radial from middle ; the middle median from angle
close to end, lower at one-third. Body slender, with well-developed slender anal
tuft in male ; palpi porrect, long, squamous, second joint extending more than half
beyond the head, third joint about half its length, oval ; legs long, smooth ; middle
tibite with a pair and hind tibiae with two pairs of slender unequal spurs ; antenna?
setaceous.
(P. psylarla.)
446 THE LEFIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
POMASIA PSYLARIA (Plate 200, Fig. 2, ^).
Pomnsia psylaria, Guenee, Pbal. i. p. 428 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 65G (1861).
Oclireous-recl. Wings crossed by four silvery greyish-wliite angulated blackish-
bordered bands, and a marginal series of dentate spots along the veins ; the bands
terminating before the costa, which is black streaked; between the bands are some
contiguous dentate silvery marks ; outer margin with some black marks which here
and there extend across the cilia. Body with blackish-bordered silvery-white bands ;
front of head and bands on palpi white ; legs pale ochreous, forelegs with blackish
bands.
Expanse 1^ inch.
Genus HYRIA,
Hyria, Stephens, Catal. Brit. Ins. ii. p. 150 (1829); id. Illust. Haust. iii. p. 292 (18.3Ij ; Gueuee,
Phal. i. p. 428 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 658.
Eois (part), Hiibiier, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 308.
Acidalia (part), Lederer, Vers. Eur. Span. pp. 9, 27.
Forewing moderately long, triangular ; apex obtuse, exterior margin slightly
convex ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at neai'ly half, second at
one-fifth, quadrifid ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the
middle median from angle near end, lower at one-fourth : hindwing short, convexly
angular in the middle ; cell broad, fully half the length ; two subcostals at half
length beyond the cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the
middle median near end, lower nearly half before end. Cilia broad. Body short ;
palpi porrect, short, and laxly squamous ; antennas serrated, the points ciliated in
male ; setaceous in female ; legs slender, hind tibios with one pair of long apical
spurs.
Tijpc, H. auroraria.
HYRIA MARCIDARIA.
Hyria marcidaria, "Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 663 (1861).
Yellowish, shining, silky. "Wings crossed by oblique antemedial, medial, and
postmedial rosy-red undulating nearly parallel diffuse lines ; exterior margin also
suS'used with rosy-red. Head, palpi, and forelegs rosy-red.
Expanse \ inch.
Genus MICR^SCHUS.
Micrcrschus, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 402.
Wings small. Forewing rather narrow, apex pointed, exterior margin angular
in middle : hindwing short, exterior margin angular in middle. Body short; palpi
porrect, slender; antennae minutely ciliated; legs smooth; hind tibite with two
slender long spurs.
Ti/pe, M. elataria.
IDyFAD.E. 449
TfllCEiESCHUS ELATARIA.
Iliina clataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxii. p. G65 (1861).
Palo yellow. Wings with throe or four irregular transverse rosy-speckled
partly-confluent wavy bands, and a subiuarginal undulating lunular white line with
minute black-speckled borders ; exterior margin metallic black, diffused : forewing
also with the costal border and an oblique stripe partly across the disc metallic
black. Body red-speckled, thorax metallic black in front ; palpi red ; legs yellowish.
Expanse ^V inch.
MICR^SCHUS OBLATARIA (Plate 200, Fig. 6).
Ill/via ohlataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. 1!. M. xxii. p. 665 (1861).
Wings covered with ochreous-red speckles, interspersed with a very few minute
black scales ; exterior border with a diffuse metallic black marginal lunular hne :
forewing with a transverse sinuous indistinct yellowish antemedial and postmedial
line, and a slender intercdiary line; costal border metaUic black; a slight black spot
at end of cell : hindwing with a similar yellowish discal line. Shaft of antennas and
vertex white; front of head and palpi reddish-ochreous ; legs yellowish.
Expanse to inch.
Genus ASTHENA.
^s//r')(«, HiibDer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 310 (1Sl'5-7); Stephens, Illusf. Ilanst. IV. p. 414(lS3.j):
{,1. Catal. B. Lep. B. M. p. 224 (1850). Gueuee, Phal. i. p. 434. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B.
M. xxii. p. 673.
Acidalia (part), Treit. Dup. Boisd. H. Sch.
Cidaria (part), Lederer.
Forewing short, triangular; cell half the length; first subcostal at one-sixth
before end of cell, second from the end, quadrifid, slightly touching first above base
of fifth, sixth also from the end ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, concave, radial
from above the middle ; the middle median from angle close to end, lower at one-
third : hindwing short, exterior margin angular below the apex and the middle ; cell
half the length; costal joined to subcostal to half its length; two subcostals at half
beyond the cell; discocellular outwardly-oblique, concave, radial from above the
middle; the middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-third. Body short;
palpi porrect, slender, apex pointed; antennas minutely pubescent; legs slender,
hind tibias with two pair of short spurs.
Type, A. luteata.
ASTHENA SDNANDAVA (Plate 200, Fig. 4).
Pomasia Sunandava, Walker, Cat>il. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 657 (18G1), 2 •
Cainbofjia icri/erata. Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1588 (1862), ? .
Light yellow : forewing crossed by eight silvery- washed cinereous-red more or
VOL. III. 3 JI
450 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOK.
less broken wavy denticulated bands, which are pai'tly confluent along the costal
border ; a darker spot at end of cell : hindwing with irregularly broken similar outer
bands, a small spot at end of cell, one below its base, and a quadrate spot on middle
of abdominal margin. Front of thorax, and bands on abdomen, silvery cinereous-red ;
tip of palpi red.
Expanse, c? 1. ' 1^^ i^^^^^-
Genus PSEUDASTHENA.
Allied to Asthena. Outline of wings similar to A. luteata : forewing with the
first subcostal five branched, the fifth being emitted from below at about one-third
from its base, sixth from end of cell : hindwing with the subcostals and two upper
medians at about one-fourth beyond end of the cell. Antenna very broadly
bipectinated to one-third the tip, the branches finely ciliated.
Type, P. lunulosa.
PSEUDASTHENA LUNULOSA (Plate 200, Fig. 5, 5a, ^ ? ).
Deep yellow. Wings crossed by apparently eight cinereous purple-red lunular
bands, of which the outer is submarginal and the thickest, those across the middle
of forewing sometimes confluent ; a darker spot at end of each cell. Front of thorax
purple-red ; shaft of antennge and vertex white ; front of head deep yellow.
Expanse S 2 tV inch.
PSEUDASTHENA DISSIMILIS (Plate 199, Fig. 7).
Light yellow. Forewing crossed by basal, subbasal, discal, and marginal
brownish-ochreons lunular bands ; the two middle bands broadest and dilated
anteriorly: hindwing with narrower lunular bands. Thorax in front brownish-
ochreous ; head ochreous-yellow ; palpi and legs light yellow.
Expanse r? inch.
PSEUDASTHENA MEMORATA (Plate 199, Fig. 8, ? ).
Pomasia memorata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxii. p. 657 (1861), ? .
Yellow. Wings with several narrow slender denticulated red bands, of which
the middle band is curved, difl;used, and most prominent. Body with red bands.
Expanse ? ttj inch.
PSEUDASTHENA RHODINARIA.
Ili/ria rhodinuria, Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. ]M. sxii. p. 666 (1861).
" Male. Rosy-red. Wings semihyaline ; irregularly and more or less overspread
with rosy-red, which chiefly prevails about the base and along the exterior border ;
TDyErDyE. 451
a black discal point on each wing. Antennae white, pectinated; abdomen Avith pale
yellow strii)e.
" Expanse 8 lines."
In Coll. E. L. Layard.
PSEUDASTHENA GRATAEIA (Plate 200, Fig. 3).
Hyria grataria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. (^63 (1861).
Acidalia pallicinctaria, Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1612 (1862).
Purple-red. Forewing somewhat cinereous basally. Wings crossed by three
or four ill-defined discal yellow lunular bands ; extreme outer border and cilia deep
yellow. Shaft of antennge and vertex pure white ; front of head, and palpi ochreous-
yellow.
Expanse to inch.
Genus CRASPEDIA.
Craspedia, Hiibner, Yei'z. bek. Schmett. p. 312 (1825-7).
Dosithca, Duponchel, Lep. Fr. vii. 2, p. 108 (1829) ; id. viii. 1, p. 43 (1830); id. Catal. Lep. Eur. p. 271.
Acidalia (part), Tri'itschke, Curtis, Lederer, Gueuee, Walker.
IdcBa (part), Treitschke.
Ptychopoda (part), Stephens.
Forewing with the apex more produced and exterior margin more oblique than
in typical Idtea : hindwing comparatively longer, the exterior margin much dentated.
Venation similar. Antennae thicker, stronger biciliated.
Tiipe, C. ornataria.
CRASPEDIA DELICIOSARIA (Plate 201, Fig. 7).
Acidalia dcliciosaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 791 (1801).
Pure white. Wings not speckled; interior lines very indistinct, dentate,
cinereous, mostly macular in female ; discal line dark ochreous-brown and black-
speckled, zigzag; submarginal fascias macular, cinereous, the portions bordering the
discal line of the forewing below the apex and at posterior end being dark ochreous-
brown ; a marginal dentated line, and a slender cell spot black. Front of head, and
palpi above dark ochreous-brown.
Expanse to inch.
CRASPEDIA ADDICTARIA (Plate 201, Fig. 3 <?, 4 ?).
Acidalia addictaria;^^&\keT, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 749 (1861), $.
Acidalia metaspilaria, Walker, id. xxiii. p. 793 (18G1), (J.
Ochreous-white. Wings very sparsely and indistinctly speckled with minute
brown scales; antemedial, medial, and discal slender brown undulated line, the
discal line most distinct ; submarginal brown fasciae indistinct, except a subapical
3 M 2
452 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
and Ijasal patch joining the discal line on the forewing. Cell spot, and marginal line
black. Front of head, and pal]3i above black ; forelegs above cinereous-black.
Expanse tu inch.
Distinguished from C. Itfjatarla by the transverse lines not being denticulated,
and the hindwiug not angular at the middle of exterior margin.
CRASPEDIA PEDILATA (Plate 201, Fro. 9, 9).
Acidalia pedilnta, Fekler et Rogenli. Nov. Voy. Lep. v. pi. 128, f. i. (1875), ?.
Pale ochreous-white. Wings not speckled ; a minute black cell spot and
marginal line : forewing with traces of an undulated antemedial and medial pale
ochreous-speckled line ; a discal prominent angulated irregular black-edged ochreous
brown band, which is nearly linear at the anterior end, broadly oval in the middle, and
ends posteriorly in a dark black patch ; submarginal fascia pale ochreous : hindwing
with a pale indistinct ochreous-brown speckled medial line, a waved discal narrow
baud, and slender marginal fascia. Front of head, palpi, and forelegs above brown.
Expanse i'o inch.
CRASPEDIA? TUEPISAEIA (Plate 201, Fig. 10, 9).
Acidalia tuiyisaria, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 771 (ISGl), 5 .
Female. Ochreous-white. Wings thinly flecked with short transverse brown
strigfB ; crossed by an ill-defined discal denticulated line, which is composed mostly
of In-own- speckled points, bordering which is an outer broad cinereous-brown fascia
extending more or less to the exterior border ; marginal pointed line, blackish ; fore-
wing also with a blackish-speckled spot near upper end of discal line : hindwing with
an elongated dentate blackish cell spot. Body brown-speckled; front of head, and palpi
above ferruginous; forelegs above brown; middle and hind legs brown-speckled.
Expanse ? Ito inch.
This species, of which the female only is known, is placed in this genus
provisionally.
Genus ID^A.
Acidalia, *Tfeitsclike, Schmett. Eur. v. 2, p. 438 (182.5); id. vi. 2, p. 5 (1828). Dnpouchel, Lep.
Fr. vii. 2, p. 108 (1829) ; id. \iii. 1, p. 70 (,1830). Ciiiii.^ Steplieus, Lederer, Gui'nee, Walker.
Idaja, Treitscbke, Sclimett. Eur. v. 2, p. 446 (1825); id. vi. 2, p. 2.38 (1828). Schott, Sclimett.
Catal. p. 446 (1830)
Arrhostia, Iliihiier, Ziitriige Sainml. Exot. Selimctl. iii. p. 12 (1825); id. Vcrz. bck. Schinett. p. 311
(1825-7).
Emmiltis (part) pt. Lepfom,ris (part), Hiilnior, Vcrz. pp. 309, 310 (1825-7).
Cymatida, Soilotf.^ky, Tiull. Sdc Imp. Mosc. 1837, [>. IS.
Male. Forewing triangular ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal at one-
* Used by Iliibner in 1816 (Verz. p. 31) for a genus of Lepidoptora.
IDJEIB^. 453
fourth before end of tlie cell, second near the end, quadrifid, slightly touching the
first ; sixth from end of cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the middle ;
the middle median at one-sixth before end of cell, lower at one-third : hindwing
short, broad, exterior margin somewhat convexly angular in the middle ; cell half
the length ; two subcostals at half beyond end of cell ; discocellular slightly concave,
radial from the middle ; the middle median near end, lower at two-fifths. Body
slender; palpi small, porrect, laxly hirsute; apex short; antennsB minutely serrated,
pubescent in front ; legs long, slender, smooth, middle tibijB with a pair of slender
spurs ; hind legs short, hind tibice broad, flat, clothed with adpressed fine hairs,
which almost hide the tarsi, and with a tuft of long silky hairs from the base beneath.
T}ji)c, I. aversata.
ID^A INTENSATA (Plate 200, Fig. 7).
Dark cinereous. Wings very numerously covered with minute dark-brown
scales ; crossed by a subbasal, antemedial, medial, discal, and two submarginal
brown-speckled sinuous diffuse lines ; the subbasal and outer submarginal line being
obsolete on the hindwing; marginal dentated line, and lunular cell spot blackish.
Body brown-speckled ; collar brown ; front of head, palpi, and forelegs above blackish.
Expanse to inch.
"Dickoya" {Green).
Allied to the European J. strigaria.
IDJEA ACTIOSAEIA (Plate 200, Fig. 11, S).
Acidaha Actiosaria, Walker, Catiil. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 750 (18G1), $.
Pale cinereous-brown. Wings vei-y thinly speckled with minute black scales ;
medial, discal, and double submarginal zigzag diffused hue distinct, darker cinereous-
browu ; the discal line denticulated ; cell spot, and marginal dots black. Front of
head, and palpi above black.
Expanse to inch.
Ceylon, "Dickoya" (Green).
IDMK ACTUARIA (Plate 200, Fig. 8).
Ackhdia actuaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. INI. xxii. p. 752 (1861).
Pale ochreous-white. Wings very thinly speckled with minute black scales ;
antemedial, medial, discal, and double submarginal lines diffused, pale dull testaceous ;
the medial and discal lines slightly denticulated ; cell spot, and marginal dots black.
Front of head, and palpi above black.
Expanse to inch.
" Dickoya " {Green).
454 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
mmk ASPILATARIA (Plate 201, Fig. 6).
Acidalia aspilataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 791 (1861).
Pale ochreous-white. Wings speckled witli an extremely few indistinct minute
black scales ; crossed by an indistinct antemedial, medial, discal, and two submar-
ginal very pale diffuse ochreous-brown nearly straight lines ; the inner line obsolete
on the hindwings ; marginal dots black. No cell spot. Vertex and shaft of antennaB
whitish ; front of head, and palpi above blackish ; forelegs above ochreous-brown.
Expanse tV inch.
ID.S;A ADEPTARIA (Plate 200, Fig. 9).
Acidalia adeptaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 753 (1861).
Very small. Pale cinereous-white. Wiugs thickly brown-siDeckled ; cell spot,
and marginal points black ; medial, discal, and submarginal speckled dentate lines
very ill-defined. Front of head, and palpi above black.
Expanse to inch.
ID.a:A ATTENTATA (Plate 201, Fig. 5, g ).
Acidalia attentata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 754 (1861).
Pale yellowish-white. "Wings very thinly speckled with minute black scales ; a
distinct black spot at end of cell ; and marginal row of dots : forewing crossed by an
antemedial, medial, discal, and double submarginal sinuous very indistinct zigzag
pale brownish ochreous diffused lines : hindwing with a medial, discal, and sub-
marginal similar lines ; cell spot more distinct. Vertex white ; front of head, and
palpi above black.
Expanse, c? to, 2 tu inch,
ID-EA NESCIARIA.
Acidalia Ncsciaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 750 (1861), g .
Acidalia negataria, Walker, id. xxii. p. 751 (1861).
Acidalia ahscondilaria, var. Walker, id. p. 758.
Ochreous-white. Wings numerously speckled with minute cinereous scales ;
cell spot, and marginal points black; antemedial, discal, and submarginal lines
cinereous-ochreous, dentated. Front of head, palpi, and forelegs above black.
Expanse -^-, inch.
ID.aEA CiESARIA (Plate 200, Fig. 10).
Acidalia Co'saria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 750 (1861), S.
Acidalia ohturhata, Walker, id. xxii. p. 755 (1861), S .
Acidalia perfectaria, Walker, id. xxiii. p. 783 (1861), (? .
Whitish-testaceous, more uniformly testaceous in female. Wings minutely
speckled with brown scales ; medial, discal, and submarginal diffused lines purplish-
IDyEIDyE. 455
testaceous; the discal line denticulated; the marginal line mucla diffused, nearly
occupying the border from the discal line ; cell spot, and marginal points black.
Cilia testaceous. Vertex, and shaft of antennae white; front of head, and palpi
above black.
Expanse to inch.
" Punduloya and Dickoya" (Green).
IHMA FIBULATA (Plate 201, Fig. 8, g ).
Acidalia Jihulata, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 490, pi. 15, fig. 5 (1857).
Acidalia deoraiia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 792 (1861).
Cinereous. Wings very numerously black-speckled; crossed by an ante-
medial, medial, and discal zigzag black lines, which are irregularly and broadly
bordered with ochreous ; submarginal fascia dark-cinereous ; a black dentate cell
spot, and marginal line; base of forewing also clouded with ochreous. Body
thickly black-scaled ; abdomen with cinereous-brown bands ; cilia ochreous and
black-speckled. Front of head, and palpi above black; forelegs blackish-
cinereous.
Expanse, <? to, ? 1 inch.
IDjEA EXTIMARIA (Plate 204, Fig. 5, ? ).
Acidalia extimaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 794 (1861), ?.
Female. Ochreous-white. Wings very thinly speckled with dark-bi'own
scales ; with traces of an oblique transverse antemedial, medial, and discal brown-
speckled fascia ; cell point, and marginal dots black. Front of head and palpi
partly brown ; forelegs brownish.
Expanse Ito inch.
Genus LYCAUGES.
Lycauges, Butler, Annals Nat. Hist. 1879, p. 373.
Wines small: forewing long, narrow; cell more than half the length; first
subcostal at one-half before end of cell, second at one-fourth, slightly touching first
near its end, quadrifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular bent in the middle,
radial from angle ; middle median at one-sixth, lower at one-third : hindwing
narrow, triangular, apex convex ; cell long, more than half the length ; two sub-
costals from the end ; discocellular inwardly obhque, radial from the middle ; the
middle median about one-fifth, lower at half before end. Body rather stout,
abdomen extending a little beyond hiudwiugs ; palpi small, slender, laxly clothed
beneath, apex pointed; legs smooth, hind tibite Avith one pair of slender spurs;
antennfB biciliated.
Type, L. lactea.
456 TEE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
LYCAUGES DEFAMATARIA (Plate 201, Fig. 2, ?).
Addalia defamataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 752 (1861), ?.
Pale brownish ochreous-white. Wings speckled with minute brown scales ;
a row of marginal black dots : forewing with two very oblique inner, two discal,
and two submarginal speckled lines, of which the three inner are diffused, and the
three outer denticulated with slight black points ; a small black spot at end of
the cell : hiudwing with a medial similar speckled fascia, and three outer denti-
culated lines ; all these markings more distinct in the female. Bodj' brown-
speckled ; front of head, palpi, and fore femora above ochreous-brown.
Expanse, S xn, 9 xij inch.
"Punduloya" {Green).
LYCAU6ES POSTVITTATA (Plate 201, Fio. 12, 5).
Pale ochreous-yellow. Wings very sparsely speckled with minute black
scales : forewing crossed by, apparently, seven equidistant brownish-ochreous
sinuous bands, which are partly confluent and ill-defined ; and hindwing with a
broad oblique medial and three outer similar coloured black-speckled bands, and a
marginal row of black dentate spots ; a curved submarginal row of prominent black
points on forewing, which joins a black sinuous white-edged outer line bordering the
discal band across the hindwing ; a white-centred black spot on the following.
Vertex, front of head, palpi, and forelegs above dark brown.
Expanse jo inch.
" Dickoya " (Green).
Genus LUXIARIA.
Liixiaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 231 (1860), $ .
Bithia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. P.. M. xxxv. p. 1599 (1866), ?.
Forewing triangular; costa arched at the end, apex pointed, exterior margin
very oblique ; cell nearly half the length ; first and second subcostals close to end of
cell, approximate, second trifid, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular inwardly oblique,
slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median at one-fifth before end
of cell, lower at three-fifths: hindwnng short, broad, triangular; costa very convex
from base, exterior margin very oblique ; cell one-third the length, very broad ;
costal and subcostal much curved from the base to end of cell ; first subcostal close to
end ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median at
oue-fourth, lower at one-third. Body robust; palpi porrect, very laxly clothed,
second joint extending half beyond the head, third joint short, pointed ; antennae
stout, minutely pubescent ; legs stout, hind tibias incrassated, with two pairs of
slender spurs, apical pair short.
Type, L. alfenusaria.
in.EW^E. 457
LUXIARIA EXCLUSA (Plate 202, Fir,. 5, ? ; Plate 215, Fig. 4,^).
ILmcrophila exdusa, Walker, Catal. Leji. Ilet. B. M. xxi. p. 320 (1861), (J.
Bithia exclusa, Walker, id. xxxv. p. 1599.
Hemei-ophila priTterevns, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. R. M. xxi. p. 320 (1861), ?.
Acidalia imprimnta. Walker, id. xxiii. p. 771 (1861), ?.
Macciria o!i.<tataria. Walker, hi. xxiii. p. 928 (1S6I).
Bithia liffiiaria, Walker, id. xxxv. p. 1600 (1866).
Wliitisli-cinereous, more cinereous in tlie female. Wings more or less tliickly
speckled with minute cinereous-black scales ; crossed by an inwardly-oblique medial
and discal row of black points, which are more or less indistinct on the forewing,
and on the hindwing of the male sometimes forming two denticulated lines, the
transverse interspace on both wings in both sexes being also sometimes whitish ;
outer border with two ill-defined and indistinct brownish lunular fascite. Forewing
with three equidistant black oblique costal streaks, the inner one being curved.
Front of head, palpi, and forelegs brownish-ochreous ; forelegs black speckled.
Expanse Ixtr inch.
Genus ERASTRIA.
Erastria, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806).
Bradi/epeies, Stephens, Catal. ii. p. 128 (1829) ; id. Illust. Haust. ili. p. 201 (1831) ; Catal. B. Lep.
B. M. p. 180 (1850).
Timandra, Duponchel, Lep. Fr. vii. 2, pp. 105, 225 (1829) ; Lederer, Vers. Eur. Spau. p. 30 (1853) ;
Guenee, Phal. ii. p. 1 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 797.
Calotlujscmis (part), Hiibner, Verz. p. 301.
Forewing triangular, apex acute, subfalcate ; exterior margin obliquely convex ;
cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at nearly half before end of cell, joined
to second by a short spur at one-third from its base, second at one-fifth, quadrifid,
sixth from end of cell ; discocellular bent above the middle, radial from the angle ;
middle median close to end, lower at fully two-fifths: hindwing broad, exterior
margin acutely angular in the middle ; cell half the length, broad at its base ; two
subcostals from the end ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the
middle median extremely close to end of cell, lower at half. Body slender ; palpi
porrect, rather slender, laxly squamous beneath; antennae broadly bipectinated to
near tip, the branches minutely ciliated ; legs smooth, middle tibite with one pair of
moderately long spurs, hind tibiae with two pairs of long spurs.
Tijpti, E. amataria,
ERASTRIA CONVECTARIA (Plate 202, Fig. 3, 3a, i%).
Timandra convectaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 800 (1861), 5.
Tiinandra comptaria. Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1615 (1862).
Olivaceous ochreous-green, sparsely flecked with indistinct ochreous-brown,
VOb. [II. "^ ^
458 THE LEPIDOrTERA OF CEYLOX.
crossed by an oblique straight oclireous-brown diffuse line from the apex to middle of
abdominal margin, and an outer slender line from near its upper end, which is wavy
hindward and angular on the hindwing ; some speckles on base of the costa, three
or four dots below the apex, and a cell spot, brown. Cilia ochreous-brown. Shaft
of antennas and vertex whitish ; front of head, palpi, and forelegs above ochreous-
brown. Female with the oblique line more broadly diffused.
Expanse, $ IxV, ? Iw inch.
ERASTRIA AVENTIARIA (Plate 202, Fig. 4, S 4a, larva).
Timandrn avcniiaria, Gucnee, Phal. ii. p. 3 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. :M. xxiii. p. 801.
Olivaceous-green. Wings crossed ])y an oblique slender straight pale outer-
bordered darker baud, which extends from near apex of forewing to middle of
abdominal margin of the hindwing ; a minute white spot at end of cell of hindwing :
forewing also with a curved marginal stripe and the cilia from the apex to angle
dark purple. Front of head, palpi, and forelegs above brown.
Expanse (J ? H '"<^^^-
Larva slender, looped, with 10 legs ; bright-green ; with minute dorsal acute
points or seta3, and two long processes on ninth segment. Pupa narrow, head
pointed, purplish, olivaceous above ; enclosed in a loose delicate web.
Genus RAMBARA.
Zandoptcnjx * (part), Giieiice, Thai. ii. p. 1.5 (18.57) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxiii. p. 809.
Male. Wings delicate, semidiaphanous : forewing triangular, aiiex very acute,
shghtly falcate, exterior margin slightly convex in the middle ; cell more than half
the length ; subcostal running very close to costal its whole length ; first subcostal at
nearly one-fourth before end of cell, trifid, fourth from end of cell ; discocellular
erect, nearly straight, radial from the middle ; the middle median at nearly one-
third, lower more than half before the end : hindwing short, broad, triangular,
exterior margin convex ; cell more than half the length ; two subcostals at one-third
beyond the cell ; discocellular straight, radial from the middle ; the middle median
at one-fifth, lower half before the end. Body very slender, long ; palpi very slender,
porrect, extending half beyond the head ; antennifi very long, slender, finely ciliated ;
legs very long and slender, middle tibia3 with a pair of short spurs, its tarsi very
long ; hind tibise slightly thickened in middle, finely pubescent along outer side,
apical spurs very minute, tarsi short.
Tijpc, R. saj)onaria.
* The type of Zandopteri/x is a S. American insect, and quite distiuet.
MlCnOXIWyE. 4r)0
RAMBAKA SAPONARIA (Pi.atk 2u;!, Vu;. 8).
Zanrloptrnjr. sapnmvm, Gueiico, Tiial. ii. p. 16 (18o7) ; W.ilkcr, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. slO
(1861).
Wings semidiaplianoLis, opalescent white ; crossed hy a zigzag discal and sub-
marginal very indistinct pale-broAvn lunulur l)and, and a marginal row of minute
black spots : forewing also with a l)lack spot at end of cell, and a subbasal series of
pale-brown spots : liindwing with a pale-brown lunular cell spot.
Expanse 1 inch.
Family MICRONIIDiE.
Wings delicate, mostly rather large and broad : hindwing very generally angular,
dentate, or notched ; finely speckled or streaked on the upper side, plain and without
design on the underside. Body slender ; head large, front depressed ; eyes
prominent ; proboscis rather stout ; palpi very slender, almost always straight, third
joint filiform, often long and spatuJate; antennae short, laterally compressed,
tomentose or pectinated in the male; legs mostly short, rather stout, tarsi smootli.
Larva unknown.
Genus STROPHIDIA.
Siroplddia, Hiibuer, Yerz. bek. Schmett. p. 290 (1818-25); Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 16-5 ;
West wood, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 514.
Micronia, (part), Guenee. Walker.
Male. Forewing broad, triangular ; costa arched, apex acute, exterior margin
straio-ht ; cell one-third the length, triangular in shape ; first subcostal at one-fourth
before end of cell, second and third approximate, second free, third bifid, fifth and
sixth on a footstalk at one-third beyond the cell ; discocellular very slender, nearly
erect, radial from above the middle ; median veins straight, the two upper medians
from end of cell, lower at one-half ; submedian with a short slender lower basal
branch : hindwing short, broad, quadrate, exterior margin with an acute prolonged
subcaudal angle ; cell one-third the length, broad ; first subcostal close to end ;
discocellular outwardly-oblique, very slender, radial from above the middle; two
upper medians from end of cell, lower at nearly half. Body slender, shorter than the
hindwings ; palpi very slender, obliquely porrect, third joint very long, acicular ;
antennge slender, setaceous; legs squamous, longer than in Acropteris
(A. gravimearia, Hiibner) and Micronia ; middle tibia not pilose, spurs unequal ;
hind tibifB thickened, clothed above with fine long silky hairs, spurs stout.
Type, S. fasciata.
4G0 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOX.
STROPHIDIA FASCIATA (Plate 203, Y\g. 7, ? ).
Phnlo'na Geometra Janciata, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. p. 9, pi. lOi, fig. D. (1777), o-
Phcihrna caudata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 163. (1794).
Strophidia caudaria, Hiibner, Veiz. p. 290.
Micronia obtusata, Giieuee, Phal. ii. p. 25, j)!. 5, fig. 6 (18.57), ?.
? Micronia caudata, GiK'uee, Phal. ii, p. 25.
White. Forewing crossed by eight pale cinerous-brown strigose-lincd duplex
bands, which are broadest and blackest at their costal ends ; each Ijand strongly
defined and well separated, the outer band being more strigose and situated close to
the margin : hindwing with two medial transverse duplex bands, a single outer discal
and two inner fascia with strigose anal ends, followed by a submarginal black
hne and spots on each side of the caudal angle ; underside of both sexes white.
Front of head, palpi, and forelegs above dark brown.
Expanse, (? 2^, ? 2| to 2f inches.
Genus MICRONIA.
ilkronia, Guenee, Phal. ii. p. 22 (1857).
Wings similar in shape to those in StropMcUa, with prominent folds bi'tween the
veins. Forewing more regularly triangular, with the first subcostal at one-third
before end of cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth and sixth from end of thf cell ; cell
one-third the length at upper end ; discocellular very slender, bent outward above
the middle, radial from the angle ; median somewhat distorted, middle and lower
median on a short footstalk at one-half before end of the cell ; a small nacreous
streak near base of former on the underside ; submedian with a short slender lower
basal branch : hindwing with the cell one-third the length, broad at its base ;
discocellular extremely slender, barely perceptible, bent above the middle, radial
from the angle ; subcostals from end of cell ; two upper medians from end of cell,
lower at two-fifths. Body slender, short; palpi slender, third joint lanceolate,
shorter than in Strophidia; antennae thick, flattened, with stout, short, slightly
separated blades ; legs rather short, stout, middle tibiae clothed with long tine silky
hairs above, spurs long; hind tibiae short, inflated, hairy above, with two pairs of
spurs, the outer short, tarsi short and stout.
Tyjje, M. aculeata.
MICRONIA ACULEATA (Plate 203, Fig. 1, ? ).
Micrcnia uadmta, Guruee, Phal. ii. p. 26, pi. 13, fig. 8 (18.57), 2 ; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het.
B. M. xxiii. p. 817.
White. Wings with numerous short transverse pale cinei-eous-brown slender
striga- ; crossed by three equidistant similar coloured fasciae ; a slender black
MICnONIIDJE. , 461
marginal line, and a spot at caudal angle of hiiidwing. Underside of male pale
cinereous-brown, of female pure white. Front of head, palpi, and forelegs above
dark brown.
Expanse, $ 1 i%, ? 1 tV inch.
Genus PSEUDOMICRONIA.
Intermediate between Strophidia and Mlcroiiia. Wings shaped, and with like
pattern of markings, as those in Strophidia. Forewing with the first subcostal at
half before end of cell, second approximate, trifid, fifth and sixth on a footstalk at
one-sixth beyond end of cell ; discocellular slender, bent in middle, radial from angle ;
medians distorted, upper branch much recurved, middle and lower at one-half before
end of cell ; folds between the veins prominent : hindwing with the cell triangular,
one-third the length ; two subcostals from end ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, very
slender, radial from above middle, two upper medians from end of cell, lower at two-
fifths. Palpi short, slender, not extending to the front, apical joint short ; anteunce
flattened, with a minute fine seta from each joint in front ; legs rather short, thick,
middle and hind tibiae not pilose ; hind tibiae not inflated, spurs long.
Tyjje, P. caslata.*
PSEUDOMICRONIA FRATERNA (Plate 203, Fig. 2, j ).
White. Forewing crossed by five bands composed of very delicate pale cinereous-
brown strigose-lines, the costal ends of which are blackish ; the two basal bands
formed by eight equidistant lines, the two middle bands filled up with strigte :
hindwing with four transverse pale cinereous-brown fasciaa, and a submarginal
strigose fascia ; marginal slender line, and caudal spot black. Palpi and forelegs
above browm. Underside of both sexes pure white.
Expanse 1 nr to 2 inches.
Genus PIGIA.
Figia, Guenee, Phal. ii. p. 20 (1857) ; Walkor, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 813 (1861).
Wings small. Forewing triangular, apex acute and subfalcate ; cell long, nearly
two-thirds the length; first subcostal at half before end of cell, second at two-fifths,
quadrifid, slightly touching first above the base of fifth, sixth from end of cell;
discocellular inwardly-oblique, radial from the middle ; the middle median at one-sixth,
lower at two fifths : hindwing short, triangular, exterior margin slightly convex ; cell
fully half the length ; first subcostal near the end ; discocellular erect, radial from
the middle ; the middle median near end, lower at half. Body slender ; palpi small,
curved, squamous, third joint short, pointed ; antennae with fine short tufted cilife ;
* F. calata, Micronia camlata, Walk, {nee Fabricius). An allied Indian species.
4G2 THE LEriDOrTERA OF CEYLON.
leo-.s i-ather strong, fore and middle tarsi long ; niiddle tibia? with a pair of slender
spurs ; hind tibias inflated, tufted with long fine silky hairs above, spurs not visible,
tarsi short.
Tijpe, P. infantularia.
PIGIA INFANTULARIA (Pi.ate 203, Fig. 3).
Pigia tnfantulnria, Giieiiee, Plial. ii. p. 20 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxiii.
p. 813(1801).
Micivnia vanaria, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. 15. M. xxiii. p. S20 (1861).
? Fhahina opicata, Fabiicins, Eiit. Syst. Suppl. p. 4.57 (17oS).
Cinereous-white. Wings very minutely brown-speckled; crossed by thres
well-defined cinereous-brown oblique lines, the two outer lines proceeding from the
apex and the inner line from the subcostal of forewing, each ending on the middle of
the abdominal margin of hindwiug ; beyond is a similar coloured speckled fascia which
is traversed by a sinuous white line, followed by a slender marginal line. Abdomen
with similar narrow segmental bands ; front of head, palpi, and forelegs above dark
brown.
Expanse tV inch.
Tamily CABERIIDiE.
"Wings broad, entire, fully extended in repose; very generally white in colour,
with but few markings. Body slender; proboscis distinct, palpi porrect or
incumbent, never very long ; antennje of male generally pectinated ; legs well formed,
hind tibia3 not incrassated, with two pairs of spurs.
Larva rather long, pedunculiform, slightly swollen posteriorly ; head rounded.
Lives on trees, exposed.
Pupa enclosed in an earthen cocoon or under moss.
Genus DEILINIA.
Sphecodes* Hiibner, Tentarnen, p. 2 (180(->).
JJeil/nia, Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 310 (182o-7).
Cnhera (part), Treitscbke, Scb. Eur. V. 2, p. 437 (1825).
C'abera, Stepbens, Catal. ii. p. 126 (1829) ; ;>/. Illust. iii. p. ig.^i (1831); Scbott, Scbmctt. Catal.
]i. 41.) (1830) ; Lederer, Vers. Span. pp. 11, 36 ; Gucuee, Plial. ii. p. .^2 ; Walker, Catal. Lep.
Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 867.
Forewing rather short, exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell fully half the
length ; first subcostal at one-sixth, second approximate, quadrifid, sixth from end of
cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median near
end, lower at one-third: hindwing short, exterior margin convex, even; cell half tlte
* Used by Latreille in 1804 for a genus of Hymenoptera.
CABKUIID^. 463
length, first subcostal near end ; discocellular concave, radial from middle ; the
middle median near end, lower at two-fifths. Body slender, short; palpi small,
porrect, short, laxly clothed, apex minute; antennae bipectinated to near end, the
branches ciliated ; legs slender ; hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs.
Type, D. pusaria.
DEILINIA COSTATA (L'latk 203, Fia. 4 ; 204, f. 3, ^J).
White ; glossy. Wings very sparsely speckled with minute cinereous scales :
forewing crossed by four and hindwing by thi'ee indistinctly defined straight cinereous-
speckled bands ; marginal points and cell spot black, minute. Costal edge of
forewing, and collar, ochreous. Base of antennis and vertex pure white ; front of
head, palpi, and forelegs above dai'k brown.
Expanse, $ fn, 2 1 inch.
" Newra Elliya (May)," Machwood.
" Punduloya" {Green).
Genus TERPNOMICTA.
Stejajria* Gueuee, Dupoucbel's Catal. Lep. p. 270 (1844) ; Gucnee, Phal. ii. p. 43 (1S57) ; Walker.
Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 860.
Anagoga et Lomoijra/ilia (part), Hiibner, Veiz. pp. 294, 311.
Tcrpnomicta, Lederer, Vers. Eur. Span. pp. 3.5, 97 (18.53).
Male. Forewing elongate, apex obtuse, exterior margin very slightly oblique ;
cell half the length; first subcostal at one-sixth, second from angle very close to
end, trifid, fifth from end ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the naiddle ;
the middle median from angle close to end, lower at two-fifths: hindwing with the
exterior margin slightly convex and angular in the middle ; cell fully half ; first
subcostal from angle close to end ; discocellular concave, no radial, middle median
from angle close to end of cell, lower at nearly half. Body slender ; palpi porrect,
extending a little beyond the head, second joint very laxly pilose beneath, third
joint slender, pointed ; antennfe strongly bipectinated to near tip, the branche-s stout;
legs rather shoi^t, hind tibias with two pairs of spurs (7'. ■peniniiata).
TERPNOMICTA NIGRARENARIA.
Stcijania{?) nigrarcnaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xxiii. p. 864 (1861).
"Male and female. Pale cinereous; minutely speckled with black ; wings with
dull ochreous-brown denticulated lines ; submarginal line diffuse ; marginal festoon
deep black ; a discal black dot in each wing, representing the reniform mark in the
forewing,
* UieJ in 1830 for u genus of Dipttra.
464 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Expanse OJ to 10^ lines."
Ceylou. lu Mr. E. L. Lajard's Collection.
Family MACARIIDiE.
"Wings of moderate size, delicate, smooth, sliglitly and minutely speckled ; alike
in colour and markings : forewing triangular, exterior margin often notched in front ;
hindwing often angular or dentate, not excavated. Body generally robust ; palpi
moderately long, straight or slightly ascending, contiguous at the tips ; legs slender,
smooth, moderately long ; hind tibiae longer than the femora, often incrassated ;
antennas in male pubescent or setulose, rarelj^ pectinated.
Larva hardly elongated, cylindrical ; head globular. Lives exposed on trees or
shrubs. Pupa in a cocoon among brushwood or on the surface of the earth.
Genus GUBARIA.
Semiotliim (part), Iliibner, Verz. p. 29S (1823-25) ; Butler, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 348.
Male. Forewing triangular, apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, nearly
straight; cell half the length, narrow; first subcostal at one-sixth before end of cell,
second close to end, trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular slender, bent inward
above the middle, radial from below the angle ; two upper medians from end of cell,
lower at nearly half; submedian bent close to end, with a short curved slender lower
branch : hindwing broad, somewhat quadrate, exterior margin dentated above the
angle; cell nearly half the length, bent and wide at the base; two subcostals from
end ; discocelluhir concave ; no radial; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at
one-third. Body moderately stout ; palpi porrect, stout, second joint extending
two-thirds beyond the head, laxly squamous beneath, third joint short, obtuse;
antennte minutely ciliated ; legs squamous, hind tibia3 long, inci'assated, grooved
along inner side and furnished with a pencil of long silky hairs from the base ; with
two ]iairs of spurs, the upper pair long and the lower short, hind tarsi short.
Tij'fte, G. fasciata.
GUBARTA FASCIATA (Plate 203, Fig. 6, 6n, (? ? ; 6h, larva).
Phahvna fasciata, Faljrieius, Syst. Eat. p. 629 (1775) ; Ent. Syst. iii. 2, 164.
Phahvna Geometra Eleoitora, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 172, pi. 288, f. E.F.G. (1780).
Macaria Elcononi, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 933.
Geometra punctata, Fabricius, Eiit. Syst. iii. 2, 126 (1794).
Alacuria Victorinata, Gueuee, Phal. ii. p. 90 (1857), ^.
Male. Brownish-grey, fading to ochreous-brown. 'Wings palest externally ;
crossed by a broad straight medial white band, which does not reach the costa, the
MACAIIIID.E. 465
inner edge of which is slightly brown-speckled, and the outer edge bordered by a
black discal line, which is thickest on the hindwing and is bent outward before
the costa on forewing; a slight black dentate spot more or less apparent at end of
each cell : forewing with the costal edge tinged with ochreous and black-speckled ;
with faint traces of an antemedial curved blackish line, and a brownish costal patch
before the apex : hindwing with a broad black discal patch between the subcostals
and upper medians, with intervening and contiguousblackstrig^, the veins bordering
the patches and of the strigte being bright ochreous-yellow. Cilia white. Female
darker; the white band sometimes duller and slightly brown-speckled, its bordering
black line, costal and discal black patches more prominent ; outer marginal blackish line
distinct. Abdomen ochreous-yellow towards the tip. Underside paler ; the basal area
ochreous. Body beneath, legs, antennje, and palpi ochreous-yellow ; tip of palpi brown.
Expanse, <S Ij-, ? If toll inch.
Larva looped; with 10 legs; green, with longitudinal dorsal and a sublateral
yellow stripe. Pupa brown.
"Feeds on Mimosa conciniia."
GUBARIA NORA (Plate 203, Fig. 5, oa, cj ?).
Macaria Nora, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 934r (1861).
Macaria Eleonorata, Guenee, Plial. ii. p. 89 (18.57).
Darker than G. fasciata. AVings of a more blackish-grey tint, the basal and
discal area more or less black-speckled, the white band broader, brown-speckled, the
transverse bordering lines and cell spot blacker ; discal patches on hindwing less
sharply defined, the medial angular area beyond being white-speckled ; some white
speckles also bordering the costal patch on forewing, and a few sometimes on the
middle of exterior border, these wbite-speckled patches being more prominent in the
female. Cilia interrupted brown and white. Underside darker ; basal area and
costal border ochreous and black-speckled; w^hite subapical and medial exterior
marginal speckled patches distinct. Body beneath, legs, palpi, and antenufe
ochreous ; antenna? brown-speckled.
Expanse, c? l^-, ? If to If inch.
Genus MACARIA.
Macaria, Curtis, Brit. Ent. iii. fol. 132 (1826) ; Stephens, lUust. Haust. iii. p. 319; Guenee, Plial.ii.
p. 66 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 878 (1861); Butler, Trans. Eut. Soc.
1881, p. 481.
Semiothisa * (part), Hubner, Verz. p. 298 (1823-25).
Philobia, Duponchel, Lep. Fr. vii. 2, p. 105 (1829).
* Hiibner's type of Semiothisa — Zutriige, i. p. 27 (1818) — is gamharia, which was published long
before p. 298 of the Verz.
VOfi. III.
3 0
4C6 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Male. Forewing short, triangular, apex slightly subfalcate, exterior margin
convexly angular before the middle ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal
at one-sixth, second approximate, trifid ; fifth from end of cell ; discocellular out-
wardly oblique, concave, radial from the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell,
lower at one-third ; submedian bent at the base, and with a short curved lower basal
branch, the space above the angle and within the basal fork somewhat vitreous :
hindwing short, broad, exterior margin angular in the middle; cell fully half the
length ; two subcostals from end ; discocellular bent in the middle ; no radial ; two
upper medians from end, lower at one-third. Body slender ; palpi porrect, stout,
short, laxly clothed, apex minute ; antenna3 serrated, shaft coarsely annulated,
minutely ciliated ; legs squamous ; hind tibiae incrassated, with two pairs of very
short spurs, hind tarsi short.
Typo, M. liturata.
MACARIA EMERSARIA.
Ilacaria Emersnria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 925 (1861).
Testaceous-white. "Wings minutely black- speckled ; cell spot small : forewing
crossed by an excurved antemedial, a zigzag medial, and an incurved postmedial
brown line, each angulated inward near costal end ; outer line bordered by a broad
ochreous-brown fascia, beyond which the outer border is more or less cinereous-
brown, traversed by some intervening whitish spots ; upper end of the fascia above
and below the angle of discal line sometimes bright ferruginous-brown and black-
speckled ; marginal line distinct, dark ochreous-brown : hindwing with three similar
waved lines, outer liordei'ing fasciae, and marginal lunular line. Cilia pale ochreous-
yellow, tipt with brown at the vein points and below apex of forewing. Body brown-
speckled ; front of head, palpi above, and forelegs ochreous-brown.
Expanse lyV to l^- inch.
MACARIA (1) CESSARIA.
Macaria {?) cessaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxiii. p. 936 (1861).
" Male. Pale luteous-yellow. AVings with a red nearly straight line, which
extends from four-fifths the length of the costa of the forewing to middle of the
abdominal margin of the hindwing, and is accompanied on the inner side hindward
with a diffuse pale-brownish band ; a few blackish points between it and the exterior
border, which is red. Forewing acute, hardly falcate ; hindwing with the exterior
border distinctly angular. Palpi porrect, rather long, third joint about half length
of second ; antennas rather stout.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Ceylon. In Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
MACARIIDjE. 467
MACARIA (1) SUBCAUDARIA.
Macnria{?) siihcnuihma, Walker, Cahil. Lop. Het. 15. M. xxiii. p. 93G (1861), ?.
" Female. Pale cinereous, minutely speckled with l)rowu. Wings with the
interior, exterior, and submarginal lines brown, slender, slightly denticulated ; sub-
marginal line partly black, contiguous on its exterior side to a brown triangular
costal spot ; space between it and the exterior border brown in the hindwing and
partly brown in the forewing ; marginal festoon black. Forewing truncate-falcate
at the tip ; exterior border very slightly angular before the middle : hindwing
extending beyond the abdomen, exterior border very acutely angular in the middle,
forming a short tail.
" Expanse 14 lines."
Ceylon. In Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
Genus GONODELA.
Pharmacis* Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 298 (1823-25).
Gonodela, Boisiluval, Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 186 (1840).
Forewing short, triangular, apex obtusely pointed, exterior margin slightly
angular in the middle : hindwing short, quadrate, exterior margin slightly scalloped,
ano-ular in the middle. Venation similar to that in Macaria. AntenujB submonili-
form, veiy minutely ciliated ; hind tibias not thickened, with two pairs of stout spurs.
Wings shorter than in ilacaria ; apex of forewing not subfalcate; hindwing less
angular.
Type, Gr. ajstimaria.
GONODELA STJFFLATA (Plate 205, Fig. 5, 6, g ^ ).
Macaria svfflata, Guenee, Phal. ii. p. 88, pi. 17, fig. 8 (1857), ^ ; "Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M.
xxiii. p. 925 (1861).
Brownish-cinereous. Wings transversely speckled with short blackish strigjB :
forewing crossed by three dark-brown inwardly- oblique lines ; the inner line
excurved, the middle hue undulated, the outer incurved, each retracted to the costa ;
outer hue darkest, and with a contiguous very diffused Hue and ill-defined bordering
fascia, which is interrupted before the apex : hindwing with a medial and discal
almost straight hue, the latter with contiguous diffused Hne and bordering fascia, on
the middle of which is a blackish patch ; cell spot black ; cilia white. Female with
more ochreous-brown markings.
Expanse Ito inch.
* Hiibner bad previously used this raitie (Verz. p. 199) for a genus of Lepidoptera.
3 0 2
4G8 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
GONODELA VAStJDEVA (Plate 205, Fig. 11, ? ).
Macaria Yasudtva, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xxiii. p. 933 (1861), ?.
Pale cinereous vinaceous-brown. Wings transversely speckled witli sliort
blackish strigse : forewing crossed by three inwardly-oblique purplish-brown lines ;
the two inner lines slightly vmdulated and retracted towards the costa ; the outer
line straight and outwardly bordered by a broad diffused purplish-brown fascia,
which is interrupted before the apex : hindwing with a medial and discal line, the
latter less defined and outwardly bordered by the diffused purplish-brown fascia ;
cell spot minute, black ; cilia ochreous-brown. Front of head and palpi brown ;
legs yellowish, brown-speckled.
Expanse 1^ inch.
GONODELA HONORAEIA (Plate 205, Fig. 12, ? ).
Macaria honoraria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 928 (1861), ? .
Macaria permotariu, Walker, id. xxiii. p. 929 (1861), $.
Very pale yellowish-ochreous. Wings more or less indistinctly speckled with
ochreous-brown strigjB ; cell spot small and indistinct : forewing with a very
indistinct pale brownish-ochreous curved antemedial line, and an oblique straight
discal row of minute black points, which are outwardly bordered by a pale brownish-
ochreous fascia, followed by two similar outer sinuous fascire ; two distinct black
dentate marks on the costa before the apex : hindwing with a medial indistinct
brown-speckled line, and a straight black discal line, which is widest at the lower
end, bordered outwardly by a pale brownish-ochreous fascia, and followed by two
outer sinuous fasciae. Front of head and palpi above brown ; fore and middle legs
thickly brown-speckled.
Expanse, ^j IjV, 2 1 "„ inch.
Genus ZEHEBA.
Evar:ia* Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1.560 (1866).
Male. Forewing triangular, apex produced, falcate, exterior margin angular
above the middle ; cell two-fifths the length ; first and second subcostals close to
end, second trifid, fifth from end of cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, radial
from its middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at two-fifths : hindwing
short, broad, exterior margin dentated in male, angular in the middle in female;
cell one-third the length, very broad ; subcostal much arched to end of cell ; first
subcostal before the end; discocellular outwardly oblique; no radial; middle median
close to end, lower at one-third. Body moderately slender; palpi rather stout.
* Nee Evarzia, Walker, Catal. xx. p. 273 (1830).
MACARlIDyE. 469
obliquely ascending, extending half beyond tlie front, second joint broad, truncate
at end, tliird joint minute, conical ; antenna3 slender, very minutely ciliated in male,
simple in female ; legs squamous, ratlier slender, bind tibiai iucrassated, witb two
pairs of slender unequal spurs.
Type, Z. aureata.*
ZEHEBA MAEGINATA (Plate 205, Fig. 8, ? ).
Evarzia niarginatu, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxv. p. 1561 (18G1), ?.
Golden yellow. Forewing crossed by an antemedial, medial, and a discal
undulating purplisli-brown line, the costal end of the two former retracted and
blackisb ; outer border from the discal line and from below the apex purplish-
ocbreous, traversed by very faint traces of a blackisb sinuous fascia ; lunular cell
spot brownish : hindwing crossed by a similar undulating medial and discal line, and
bordering purphsh-ochreous band. Palpi tipt -with black; fore and middle legs
black-speckled.
Expanse ? ItV inch.
Genus AZATA.
Azata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 272 (1860).
Forewing triangular, apex subfalcate, exterior margin angular above the middle;
cell half the length ; subcostals close to end, second trifid ; discocellular outwardly
oblique, radial from the middle; two upper medians from end, lower at two-fifths :
hindwing short, quadrate ; exterior margin angular in the middle ; cell half the
length; tvro subcostals from end of cell; discocellular outwardly obhque ; no radial ;
two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third. Body short ; palpi short,
stout, extending a little beyond the head, third joint minute ; antennas slender, very
minutely serrated ; legs rather slender, hind tibiae not thickened, with two pairs of
spurs.
Type, A. Idriasaria.
AZATA QUADEARIA (Plate 205, Fig. 1).
Cinereous-ochreous or cinereous-brown. Wings thickly brown-speckled : fore-
wing crossed by three dark brown diffused lines ; the outer line straight and broad,
erect ; the outer margin clouded with cinereous-brown ; marginal line brown, darkest
below the apex : hindwing with a medial and discal dark brown line, the latter
disposed near to and parallel with the angular outer margin ; marginal line distinct.
Underside yellowish-ochreous, flecked with dark brown transverse strigse, and
crossed by a darker medial line and broad discal fascia.
Expanse tV to tu inch.
* Z. aureata is a Darjeling species, distinguished from Z. marginata by the discal liue being placed
nearer the margin, and not undulated.
470 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
AZATA FERRTJGINATA (Plate 205, Fio. 2).
Ferrno-inons. Winj^s numerously speckled with short transverse dark brown
strio-fB : forewing crossed by an indistinct antemedial and medial, and a distinct
discal slightly waved dark brown Hue, the latter having a greyish-bronrn outer
shade, with more or less distinct blackish medial patch ; marginal line dnrk brown,
which is most prominent below the apex : hindwing with an indistinct medial brown
line, and a more distinct discal undulated line with outer bordering greyish-brown,
patchy, shade ; mai-giual line brown. Underside bright ferruginous, thickly speckled
with brown strigas, crossed by a darker medial and discal fascia.
Expanse 1 inch.
From Dr. Thwaites' Collection.
Family FIDONIIDiE.
Wings broad, entire ; not angular ; almost always speckled; hindwing sometimes
differing in colour from the forewiug. Body generally slender ; proboscis slender,
often short ; palpi contiguous, rostriform, porrect or incumbent, extending beyond
the front ; antennce of male generally pectinated, often plumose, the branches long,
slender, often reflexed ; legs slender, smooth, hind tibias rarely incrassated.
Flio-ht diurnal.
Larva elongated, cylindrical ; head globular. Lives generally on low plants.
Pupa generally subterranean.
Genus TEPHRINA.
Tephrina, Giieuee, Duponchel's Catal. Lep. p. 2i6 (1844) ; Guenee, Phal. ii. p. 96 (1S57) ; Walker ,
Catal. Lep. Het B. M. xxiii. p. 951 (1«61).
Eiichwca (part), Hiibu. Verz. p. 298.
Aclactylosis (part), Hiibu. id. p. 304.
Eiibolia, Boisduval. Lederer. (wee Dupouohel).
Male. Forewing elongate, apex obtuse, exterior margin slightly oblirpie and
convex hindward; cell half the length ; first subcostal close to end of cell, second at the
end, trifid, fifth also from the end ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, concave, radial
from the middle; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third : hindwing
broad, apex convex, exterior margin hardly angular in the middle; cell half the
length; first subcostal from angle immediately before end of cell; discocellular
concave ; no radial ; middle median from angle immediately before end of cell, lower
at i-wo-fifths. Body slender ; palpi porrect, stout, projecting more than half beyond
the head, laxly clothed, apex pointed ; antennfe pectinated to near end, the branches
short ; legs squamous, hind tibiae long, spurs short.
Ti/pe, T. murinaria.
FILONIIBjE. *'^^
TEPHRINA FALSARIA (Plate 204, Fig. 1, 2, (J ? ).
MacaHa falsaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1649 (1862), <J.
Aspilates parallelaria, Walker, id. xxvi. p 1680 (1862), $ .
Ochreous-white. Wings numerously covered with sLort thick ochreous-brown
strigse, which are thickest on the exterior border, and more delicate and Ipss
numerous in the female. Cell spot small, black : forewing crossed by an equidistant
antemedial, medial, and discal oblique straight brown diffuse line, of which the two
inner are idlest, and the outer externally bordered by a sinuous fascia : hindwmg
with a similar medial and discal hue, and outer bordering difhise fascia. Body
brown-speckled ; front of head, and palpi above brown ; legs brown-speckled.
Expanse 1-iV inch.
TEPHRINA CACAVENA (Plate 204, Fig. 11, 12, c? ? )•
Macaria Cacavena, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 930 (1861).
Very pale yellowish-ochreous. Wings uniformly speckled with short purplish-
ochreous brown strigaj : forewing crossed by three oblique straight purplish-brown
strigose duplex bands, and hiudwing with two bands. Cell spot and marginal
lunular line blackish. Female with outer baud more entire and broader. Body brown-
speckled ; front of head, palpi, and legs above brown-speckled.
Expanse 1 inch.
TEPHRINA PULINLA (Plate 204, Fig. 7, 8, 5 ? ).
Cleora PuUiida, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 333 (1860), S-
Macaria strenuataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1647 (1862).
Male and female. Ochreous-white. Wings with numerous rather long dark
brown transverse strigaj, which are most thickly disposed on the exterior border;
cell spot ill-defined, diffused ; marginal points blackish : forewing crossed by an
antemedial and discal undulated dark-brown speckled line, and a medial brown-
speckled band, the outer band most distinct, almost linear, and externally bordered
by a brownish-speckled fascia, which latter has a darker patch on its middle:
hindwing with a less defined medial band, and a discal line with outer bordering
speckled fascia. Body brown-speckled; antennae of male dark grey and white
speckled ; front, palpi, and legs above yellowish ; legs slightly brown-speckled.
Expanse 1 to 1 jo inch.
TEPHRINA MODESTA (Plate 204, Fig. 6, $ ).
Cinereous-ochreous. Forewing crossed by an antemedial, medial, and a
discal ochreous-brown slightly undulated line; the two inner lines diffused and
472 THE LEriDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
indistinct, the outer lino prominent and witli an indistinctly darker cinereous-
oclireous bordering fascia : liindwing -nitli a medial diffused indistinct line, and a
prominent discal line witli bordering darker cinereous-oclireous fascia. Cell spot
distinct, brown. AutennjB and vertex oclireous ; front, and palpi blackish; legs
cinereous-brown.
Expanse, <? 1, ? 1 tV iucli.
Genus PLUTODES.
Plutodcs, Giienee, Plial. ii. p. 117 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 976 (18G1).
Male. Forewing short, rounded externally; cell half the length; first subcostal
at one-fifth, five-branched, sixth from end of cell; discocellular outwardly
oblique, slightly concave, radial from above the middle ; two upper medians
from end of cell, lower at one-third : hindwing very short and broad, apex and
exterior margin very convex ; cell nearly half the length ; two subcostals from end ;
discocellular outwardly oblique, concave ; no radial ; two upper medians from end of
cell, lower at one-fourth. Body slender ; palpi curved upward, compressed, broad,
clothed with fine lax hairy scales, third joint very minute; antennge broadly pectinated
on the inner side only to one-third the tip, the branches minutely ciliated ; legs long,
slender, squamous ; hind tibia3 with two pair of spurs.
Tijpe, P. cyclaria.
PLUTODES TRANSMTJTATA (Plate 205, Fig. 7).
Plutodes transmutata, AValker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. JI. xxiii. p. 976 (1861) cJ.
Gamboge-yellow. Wings with a broad transverse cinereous-red band tapering
from below the costal border of forewing to near the ■ anal angle of liindwing, the
outer edge of the band being straight, and a very broad oval submarginal band of the
same colour on both the wings, the inner edge of the bands being waved. Base of
thorax and abdomen above red ; anal tuft yellow ; front of head, palpi, and forelegs
above ochreous-yellow.
Expanse Iro inch.
Genus CORYMICA.
Corymica, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 230 (1860).
CapriUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1568 (1866).
j\Iale. Forewing elongated, narrow ; costa much arcbed at the base, apex acute,
falcate, exteiior margin oblique and slightly denticulated, posterior margin lobular at
the base ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal about one-third before end of
cell, joined to costal for a short distance from near its base ; second at one-sixth,
trifid, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular very slender, nearly erect, radial from the
FIDO Nil D^. 473
middle ; tlie middle median at one-tenth, lov^er at two-tentlis ; submedian with a
curved lo^n-er braucli at one-tliird from its base, the central area being transparent,
vitreous, concave, and with raised rim — thus forming a basal vesicular cavity :
hindwing short, costa convex at base and concave in the middle ; apex produced to
a point, exterior margin denticulated, very oblique ; cell more than half the length ;
costal recurved ; subcostal arched to end of cell ; first subcostal near end of cell ;
discocellular slender, inwardly-oblique ; no radial ; middle median at one-fifth, lower
at two-fifths. Body moderately stout ; palpi slightly decumbent, extending half
beyond the head, laxly clothed, second joint ovate, third joint conical, pointed, hardly
half length of second ; antennse setaceous ; legs long, slender, hind tibiiB with two
pairs of slender spurs.
Female. Wings broader ; vesicle less developed, not transparent.
CORYMICA ARNEARIA (Plate 205, Fig. 9, 10, ,? 2 ).
Corymicn anicaWa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx. p. 231 (ISGO), ?.
Caprilia vesicularia, "Walker, id. xxxv. p. 1569 (1866).
Blight yellow. "Wings with a few scattered dark red scales : forewing with a
red-speckled streak on base of costa, which is slightly curved at its end, a spot below
the cell, a constricted streak on middle of posterior margin, a smaller streak before
the apex, and another before the posterior angle ; marginal line thick, red ; exterior
border slightly flushed with red : hindwing with a red streak on middle of the costa,
a small spot near apex, some indistinct discal spots, and thick marginal line. Cilia
whitish, tinged with red at the vein points. Collar, palpi above, and narrow bands
on legs dark red.
Male with a transparent vitreous vesicular basal spot below end of the cell.
Expanse, ^ 1, ? ItV inch.
From Dr. Thwaites' collection.
Genus OZOLA.
Ozola, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1080 (1862).
Forewing triangular, costa arched, apex produced, acute, subfalcate, exterior
margin convex in the middle, cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at one-
fourth, quadrifid, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly-obHque, radial from
the middle ; the middle median at one-fifth, lower at two-fifths : hindwing broad,
triangular, exterior margin convex ; cell half the length ; costal and subcostal widely
apart ; first subcostal at one-fifth ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the
middle ; the middle median at one-fifth, lower at two-fifths. Body moderately stout,
short ; palpi porrect, extendmg half beyond the head, second joint laxly squamous
VOL. in. ^ ^'
47-t THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
above, third joint minute; antennje slender, very finely ciliated iu male; legs slender,
long; hind tibia3 with two pairs of spurs.
OZOLA MICRONIARIA (Plate 204, Fig. 9, 10, (J ? ; lOor, larva).
Ozola viicrouiaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1080 (18G2), ? .
Phibalapteryx acuta. Walker, uZ.xxv. p. 1340 (1862), ?.
Pale cinereous-ferruo-inous. Wings numerously black-speckled, the speckles
darker and more distinct in the female ; crossed by an ill-defined antemedial and a
postmedial black-speckled line, both of which are more diffused in the female and
sometimes form dusky fascige ; a distinct black cell spot, and more or less defined
subapical spots, and marginal line. Body, and forelegs black-speckled.
Expanse, <? tV, 2 1 inch.
Larva looped ; with 10 legs ; greyish, minutely speckled with black. Pupa
pale-reddish.
" Feeds on Premna lafifolia.'"
Genus NADAGARA.
Nadarjara, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1093 (1862).
Male. Forewing elongate, triangular, apex acute, shghtly subfalcate, exterior
maro-in very oblique and slightly convex ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal
at one-fifth, bifid near its end, third approximate, trifid, sixth from end of cell ;
discocellular slender, outwardly-oblique, radial from the middle ; the middle median
very close to end, lower at fully two-fifths : hind wing short, triangular, exterior
margin slightly convex ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal very close to
end; discocellular extremely slender ; no radial ; middle median very close to end,
lower at two-fifths. Body slender ; palpi stout, obliquely porrect, laxly squamous,
joints well separated, second joint extending half beyond the head, broad at its end,
third joint conical in male, lanceolate in female, half length of second ; antennfB
smooth, stout, flattened; legs long, slender, hind tibice with two pairs of slender
spurs.
Type, N. vigaia.
NADAGARA VIGAIA.
Nadagara Vigaia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1093 (1862), ? .
Purpurescent-cinereous. Wings speckled with a very few black scales ; crossed
by an oblique straight dark brown discal line, which extends from the apex of fore-
wing to middle of the abdominal margin, and is narrowly bordered on its outer edge
by a sharp white Hne, and on its inner edge by a diffused ochreous-brown shade ;
the line is slightly dentated at its costal end, and is there bordered by a subapical
cluster of black points : forewing also with a curved antemedial series of small black
FIDONIIDJE. 475
spots, and a more distinct spot at end of tlie cell : hindwing with some black-
specklctl spots below the apex. Body black-speckled ; collar, front of head, and
palpi ochreous-brown ; palpi and legs black-speckled.
Expanse If inch.
Genus ZOMIA.
Omha* Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. II. xxiv. p. 1084 (1862).
Zoinia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18G7, p. GoO.
Forewing long, narrow ; costa arched at the base, apex acute, exterior margin
convexly-angular in the middle ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at
one-fifth, bifid near its base, joined to costal near its end by a short recurrent spur,
third approximate, trifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly-obhque,
radial from the middle ; the middle median very close to end, lower at one-third :
hindwiug rather long, narrow, apex very convex, anal angle prominent ; cell fully
half the length ; subcostal much arched at the base, first subcostal near end of cell;
discocellular very oblique, bent above the middle ; no radial ; middle median near
end, lower at two-fifths. Body rather stout ; palpi long, curved upward to near
vertex, narrow, squamous, third joint short, conical; antenna in male broadly
bipectinated to near tip, the branches thick and ciliated, less bipectinated in female ;
legs squamous, hind tibiie with two pairs of long spurs.
Ti/2)c, Z. incitata.
ZOMIA SEEPENTINARIA.
Timandra serpentinaria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. sxxv. p. 1634 (1866).
Male. Forewing pale olivescent purplish-red; very sparsely speckled with short
slender black strigre ; crossed by a sap-green antemedial and an irregular outwardly-
recurved postmedial band, both being dilated at the costal end ; the outer band
black-speckled on its lower outer edge and bordered by a subapical oblique black-
speckled streak : hindwing ochreous-red, with the anal border ohvescent purphsh-red
and marked with black strigaj and a short sap-green anal streak. Body purplish-
red ; middle of thorax and front of tegulce sap-green ; tibiiB and tarsi also
sap-green.
Expanse 1^ inch.
^ " Genus PRIONIA.
Prionia, Hiibner, Zutrage, iv. p. 40 (1832); Guenee, Phal. i. p. 143 (1857). ,
Osicerda, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1083 (1S62).
Ceksdera, Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1749 (1862).
Isnisca, Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1765 (1862).
Forewing rather long; costa arched at the base, apex pointed, exterior margin
anoular in the middle; cell three-fifths the length; first subcostal about one-fifth,
* Used by Walker in 1860 for a genus of Lepidoptera.
3 p 2
47G THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
bifid close to its base, tlie first touching tlie costal near its end, third trifid, sixth
from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly-concave, radial from the middle ; the
middle median very close to end, lower at nearly one-third : hindwiug short, apex
convex, anal angle prominent ; cell half the length, broad at the base; first sub-
costal near end ; discocellular outwardly-concave, no radial ; middle median near
end of cell, lower at one-third. Body rather stout, short ; palpi short, slender,
slightly curved, extending a little beyond the head, smoothly squamous, third joint
short, thick, very obtuse ; antennae broadly bipectinated to near tip, branches
ciliated, less pectinated in female : legs smooth ; hind tibia3 with two pairs of
spurs.
Tyfe, P. squalida.
PRIONIA SaUAlIDA (Plate 205, Fig. 3, 4, c? 2 ; 4a, larva).
Prionia squalida, Hiibner, Zutriige, iv. p. 40, fig. 787-8 (1832), g ; Gueuee, Phal. i. p. 144 (1857).
Prionia violacearia, Guenee, Pbal. i. p. 144 (1857), ? .
Osicerda alienata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1084 (1862), ^ ?.
Celesdera scliistifusata, Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1749 (1862), ?.
Isnisca cyclogonata, Walker, id. p. 1765 (1862), ij.
Male. Forewing violaceous-cinereous, thickly flecked with short transverse
violet-black strigas, which are most densely disposed and confluent on the basal
half; crossed by an ill-defined blackish antemedial and a postmedial undulated diffuse
line, each with a dilated ochreous costal end : hindwing ochreous, the anal border
broadly violaceous-cinereous, flecked with short black strigee. Body violaceous-
cinereous, black-speckled ; front of head, palpi, and forelegs above ochreous-brown ;
palpi black tipt.
Female. Wings with dark red strigas, and dilated costal stripes on forewing ;
base of hindwing darker ochreous. Body reddish.
Expanse, $ to, s Its inch.
Larva rather thick, looped; with 10 legs; dark purple-brown, delicately reticu-
lated with white, and with some irregular white marks on the middle and anal
segments; head and front legs black. Pupa short, front obtuse, pinkish, with black
bands. " Feeds on Lcora " (Thwaites).
Family PANTHERIDiE.*
Zerenidw, Guenee, Phal. ii. p. 195 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1106.
Wings ample, entire, generally white or yellow, with dark spots or lines : fore-
* Zerene was used by Hubncr (Verz. p. 97, 181G) in the Pierinir. It cannot therefore be retained
as a geinis of Geomefrina. A new family appellation thus becomes necessary.
PANTHEPdDyE. 477
■wing rarely falcate or angular ; Inndwing with the exterior margin slightly
excavated. Body generally slender ; eyes large ; proboscis well developed ; palpi
slender, apart, very short ; antennas of male sometimes broadly pectinated,
sometimes merely incrassated ; legs rather short, never pilose, hind tibite often
incrassated.
Larva rather short, slightly thick, not attenuated at the ends ; with distinct
lines and spots. Lives exposed on trees or shrubs. Pupa short and obtuse, in a
slight web amongst ti'ees.
Bciiiarh. — No species of this family, of which the European Ahra.ms grossulariata
is a well-known representative, has yet been recorded from Ceylon.
Family LARENTIID^.
Wings smooth, velvety or silky ; not angular, rarely dentate. Forewing marked
with undulating lines, which are often numerous. Body generally slender ; proboscis
conspicuous; palpi compressed, approximate, very generally porrect or incumbent,
rostriform when they extend beyond the front ; antennae simple, sometimes pubescent
or pectinate in the male, never plumose ; legs smooth, slender, hind tibige not
incrassated, very generally with four well-developed spurs.
Larva more or less elongated, sometimes slightly attenuated, cylindrical, or slightly
flattened ; mostly of a green colour, with distinct lines ; head generally small and
globular. Lives either exposed or in folded leaves on trees or low plants, sometimes
in the seeds of plants. Pupa enclosed in an earthen cocoon or amongst leaves.
Genus LARENTIA.
Larentia, Treitsclike, Sclimett. Eur. v. 2, p. 440 (1825); id. \]. 2, p. 75 (1828); Diipoceh^li, Catal.
Lep. Fr. vii. 2, p. Ill (1829); id. viii. 1, p. 360 (1830); Boisduval, Ind. Mi-th. p. 204 (1840) ;
Guenee, Pbal. ii. p. 271 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1169. (1862).
GJaucoptery.e, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 332 (1825-7).
Aplocera, Stephens, Catal. ii. p. 141 (1829) ; id. Illust. Haust. iii. p. 295 (1831).
Male. Forewing triangular, rather long, apex obtuse ; ceU more than half the
length ; first subcostal at nearly one-third before end of cell ; second close to end,
joined to first for a short distance from near its base, trifid ; fifth from end, slightly
touching second above its juncture with first; sixth also from end of cell; disco-
cellular concave, radial from its middle ; the middle median near end, lower at one-
third : hindwing short, broad ; exterior margin very convex ; costal and subcostal
joined from near base to near end of cell; two subcostals on a footstalk about
one-fourth beyond end of cell ; discocellular bent outward above the middle, radial
from below the middle ; the middle median nearly one-fifth, lower at two-fifths.
478 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Body slender ; abdomen not extending beyond liindwings ; palpi porrect,
ratlier small, laxly squamous, apex short, obtuse ; antenuce filiform ; legs long,
spurs slender.
Ttj])e, L. CEesiata.
LARENTIA PERFICITA.
Lusia perficita, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1809 (1858), j .
Lanntia comprensata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1703 (1862),^.
Brownish-cinereous. Forewing crossed by a narrow subbasal, and a broad
medial purplisli cinereous-brown dentated band, the latter traversed by paler-centred
brown dentate lines, and enclosing a slender black cell-spot ; the interspace between
the bands and also the outer border of the medial band traversed by a brown
dentated line ; the broad outer-marginal area also traversed by diffused brown
dentated lines and a submarginal white sinuous line : hindwing darker brownish-
cinereous, with wavy paler transvei'se fascias and submarginal distinct ciuereous-
speckled lunules. Cilia alternated with black. Body stout, cinereous and brown-
speckled ; side of palpi, and bands on legs dai'k brown.
Expanse li*o inch.
Ceylon.
Genus EUPITHECIA.
Eupithecia, Curtis, Brit. Eut. ii. fol. 64 (1825); Stephens, Catal. ii. p. 144 (1829); Iliust. Haust. iii.
p. 279 (1831); Boisduval, Ind. Meth. p. 208 ; Diipouchel; Lederer; Gueaee; Phal. ii. p. 298 ;
Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1210.
Chloroclystis et Tephroclystia, Hiibner, Verz. p. 323 (1825-7).
Dyscymatoge et Trnchla, Hiibner, id. p. 321.
Leucocora, Arcyonia et Eticymatoge, Hiibner, id. p. 325.
Forewing long, narrow, triangular, apex convex ; cell half the length ; first
subcostal at one-fourth before end of cell, quadrifid, fifth from end, very slightly
touching second close to its base ; sixth also from end of cell ; discocellular very
oblique, concave, radial from its middle ; the middle median very close to end, lower
at nearly one-third : hindwing obovate ; cell half the length; two subcostals on a
footstalk at one-fourth Ijeyond the cell ; discocellular outwardly-concave, radial
from above its middle; the middle median near end of cell, lower fully one-third.
Body rather stout ; palpi decumbent, stout, extending half beyond the head, laxly
squamous, apex obtuse ; antennas very minutely pubescent in front ; legs roughly
squamous, hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs.
Type, E. absynthiata.
EUPITHECIA POLYCLEATA.
Boiys Polyclealis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 998 (1859), ? .
Female. Cinereous-brown ; cilia ciuereous-ochreous. Forewing crossed by an
LARKNTIIDJE. 479
excurved black antemedial sinuous line, and a postmedial angulated line ; both out-
wardly bordered by a cinereous-white line, of which the latter is more prominent ;
traces also of a pale sinuous submarginal line : hindwing with a less distinct discal
angulated line, but with broader pale outer border to the indented parts only ; a
pale ochreous-white submarginal sinuous fascia, which is broadest in its middle.
Front of head, and palpi blackish ; forelegs with brown bands.
Expanse ^%- inch.
Ceylon.
EUPITHECIA PALP ATA (Plate 206, Fig. 6, ? ).
Cidaria palpata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxv. p. 1404 (1862).
Male and female. Forewing sap-green ; crossed by five broad sinuous-bordered
blackish-speckled fascia, the outer borders of which are white-edged; a black
lunular spot at end of the cell ; cilia brownish-ochreous with square black spots :
hindwing cinereous, crossed by very indistinct blackish denticulated fasciis and a
marginal band, the latter traversed by a sinuous white submarginal line. Cilia
ochreous, with black spots. Body and palpi sap-green, black-speckled; legs
cinereous, with black bands.
Expanse tV inch.
" Newra Eliya" (Mackwood).
EUPITHECIA VARIEGATA (Plate 206, Fig. 5).
Forewing crossed by alternate sap-green and purplish-red fascife, of which the
antemedial and postmedial are angulated and blackish-edged ; a black lunular spot at
end of the cell : hindwing cinereous. Body and palpi sap-green ; abdomen with
purple-red bands ; legs with brown bauds.
Expanse to inch.
Ceylon.
EUPITHECIA VIRESCENS (Plate 206, Fig. 4).
Forewing dull sap-green ; crossed by a nearly straight basal and antemedial, an
ancrulated postmedial and a submarginal brown-speckled blackish-edged fascia :
hindwing cinereous. Cilia of both wings ochreous, with dusky-brown spots. Body
and palpi dull sap-green ; legs with dusky-brown bands.
Expanse t'j inch.
Ceylon.
EUPITHECIA ATTENUATA (Plate 206, Fig. 3, $ ).
Purpurescent cinereous-brown. Forewings crossed by a basal, subbasal, ante-
medial, postmedial, and a less defined submarginal slender whitish-denticulated
ano'ulated line ; the latter with a larger dentate white mark below the middle :
^5'
480 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
liindwing with similar, curved, denticulated lines. Cilia browuisli-cinereous. Fore-
legs with dark brown bands.
Expanse to inch.
Ceylon.
Genus CALLUGA.
Male. Forewing triangular; costa with a protuberance in front near the base,
exterior margin oblique, even; cell about half the length; costal vein recur^^ed
upward ; subcostal bent somewhat downward at two-fifths from the end of the cell ;
first subcostal from the angle, curving sharply downward and shghtly touching the
second at half its length ; second from end of cell, trifid ; fifth also from end of
cell ; discocellular slender, inwardly-oblique, slightly concave, radial from the middle ;
the middle median very close to end of cell, lower at about one-third ; submedian
much recurved : hindwing short, exterior margin convex, sinuous ; cell half the
length, broad ; subcostal joined to costal from near base to near end of cell ; two
subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular slender, radial from the middle ; two
upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third. Body slender, anal tuft
cleft; front pointed; palpi porrect, extending beyond the front, squamous, apex
short, blunt ; antenniB rather thick, flattened, shaft above rough ; legs slender ;
fore tibia tufted ; middle tibia with a pair of slender spurs, the outer very short ; hind
tibia slender, with one pair of spurs, the outer very long, inner extremely short.
Alhed to Phrissogonus (Butler, Ann. N. H. ix. p. 94 (1882).
CALLUGA COSTALIS (Plate 206, Fig. I, S)-
Whitish. ochreous. Forewing with the costa convexly produced before the
middle ; crossed by a curved basal and antemedial, and an angulated postmedial
dark purplish-brown line, followed by an interrupted attenuated submarginal fascia ;
the upper interspace between the antemedial and discal line clouded with purplish-
lirown : hindwing with similnr lines, and outer fascia. Cilia with a brownish inner
line. Legs with brown bands.
Expanse A inch.
Genus IRAMBA.
Allied to CalluQ'a.
Male. Forewing triangular ; costa not produced in front ; cell half the length ;
first subcostal at two-fifths before end of cell, curved downward and joined to second
for some distance along its middle ; second trifid : hindwing short, exterior margin
convex, even. Palpi narrow, obliquely-porrect ; antennae slender, setaceous ; fore
tibia slightly tufted, middle and hind tibi« thick, both with a short thick dilated
tuft at the end, apical spurs slender, outer spur short.
Tyjjc, I. tibialis.
LARENTIIDyE. 481
IRAMBA TIBIALIS (Plate 2oG, Fie. 2, 9 ).
Ocbreous-yellow. Forewing crossed by a broad medial purple-red band out-
wardly edged by a black-speckled angulated line ; base of the costa also red-speckled ;
a less defined submarginal sinuous reddish fascia ; a blackish streak extending from
end of the cell to the costa : hindwing with a medial purple-red band outwardly
edged by a curved black line, followed by a less defined submarginal reddish fascia.
Body red-speckled ; forelegs and tarsi with blackish bands ; middle and hind tibias
of male with a dilated tuft of black hairs at the tip.
Expanse t% inch.
Ceylon.
IRAMBA RECENSITARIA.
Eiqnthecia rcccnsitaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1244 (1862).
Cinereous-ochreous. Forewing crossed by a subbasal, medial, postmedial, and
a submarginal broad brown denticulated band, each with a pale bordering-line ; and
with a few irregularly disposed black scales : hindwing with a similar medial, discal,
and submarginal band. Palpi black tipt ; forelegs with brown bands.
Expanse Ti inch.
Ceylon.
IRAMBA IMMIXTARIA.
Eiqiitliecia immixtaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1244 (1869).
Brownish-cinereous. Forewing crossed by an inwardly-obhque black-speckled
denticulated antemedial line, and a postmedial angulated line, followed by a very
indistinct submarginal sinuous fascia: hindwing with a similar discal line and
submarginal fascite. Palpi blackish ; forelegs with brown bands.
Expanse 1% inch.
Ceylon.
IRAMBA ADMIXTARIA.
Evpithecia admixtaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1243 (1862), ?.
Female. Pale brownish-ochreous. Forewing crossed by an excurved antemedial
brown-bordered black sinuous band, and an angular discal band, which is outwardly-
oblique and straight from the costa to the angle and slenderly denticulated hindward;
intermedial area crossed by a sinuous brown line, basal area by three diffuse lines,
and the outer area by a slender line parallel to the discal band, followed by a broad
fascia traversed by a submarginal sinuous pale line : hindwing with a similar sub-
basal and angular discal band, medial hne, outer discal line, and marginal fasciae.
Abdomen with a broad broAvn basal band ; palpi, and forelegs above brown.
Expanse f inch.
Ceylon,
VOL. III. 3 u
482 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus COLLIX.
ColUx, Gucnee, Phal. ii. p. 357 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1247 (1862).
Forewin^' oblong, widened towards the end, apex pointed ; with a raised tuft of
scales at end of the cell ; cell about half the length ; first subcostal at nearly half,
second close to end, anastomosed to first for some distance from near its base, third
from end, anastomosed in its middle to the second, trifid, sixth from end of the cell ;
discocellular deeply concave, radial from its middle ; the middle median close to end,
lower at one-third : hindwing short, exterior margin acutely dentated ; cell about
half the lenarth : subcostal anastomosed to the costal from near base to near end of
cell; two subcostals on a footstalk about one-third beyond end of cell ; discocellular
outwardly-oblique, concave, radial from above the middle ; the middle median very
close to end of cell, lower at one-third. Body moderately stout, abdomen hardly
extending beyond hindwings ; palpi porrect, extending more than half beyond the
head, convergent at the tip, rostriform, rather broad laterally, flattened, clothed with
short hairy scales, third joint short, very obtuse ; antennte filiform, thickish,
flattened; legs smooth; middle tibias in male inflated, spurs slender, outer very long;
hind tibse not thickened, with two pairs of long slender unequal spurs.
Tijpe, C. hypospilata.
COLLIX HYPOSPILATA (Plate 206, Fig. 8).
Collie hypospilata, Guenee, Pbal. ii. p. 358 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1248
(18G2).
Dark cinereous-brown. Wings crossed by basal, discal, and submarginal blackish
sinuous bands ; the submarginal band with a distinct pale ochreous outer border,
which is dentated in the male and lunular in the female ; veins exteriorly lined with
pale and black points ; cilia also with a pale point from end of each vein ; ceil spot
black, large and oval in the forewing, small in tbe hindwing. Underside pale
cinereous ochreous-brown, each wing with a prominent black cell spot, discal fascia,
and a submarguial row of four upper and two lower spots, Body and palpi speckled
with dark brown ; forelegs with dark brown bands.
Expanse, ^ ¥ Ito to Itu inch.
Ceylon.
COLLIX GHOSHA (Plate 206, Fig. 9, 10, S ° ; Ida, larva).
ColUx Ghosha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1249 (1862).
Dark cinereous-brown. Wings crossed by basal, a discal, and a submarginal
pale-bordered blackish sinuous band ; cell spot distinct, black, smallest in the hind-
wing. Underside pale cinereous. Both wings with a large black cell spot, a broad
diffuse discal fascia, and an interrupted submarginal band. Body, and palpi brown
LARENTIIDJE. 483
speckled ; forelegs witli dark brown bands. Some specimens of the female liave a
slender discal spot in botli wings, and the markings on the underside are also
distinctly narrower.
Expanse 1 to lyn inch.
Ceylon.
Larva looped ; with 10 legs ; dark olive-green. Pupa reddish, with greenish
head and wing cases.
COLLIX (?) CONTRIBUTARIA.
CoUir (?) contrihvtarki, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. 15. M. xxiv. p. 1249 (1862).
"Male. Cinereous brown, more cinereous beneath. Wings narrow; interior
and exterior lines black, undulating, slightly denticulated ; submarginal line pale,
denticulated, almost obsolete. Forewiugs rounded at the tips, exterior border
extremely oblique. Vertex flat; palpi very short; antennte stout, convoluted,
about half the length of the body, abdomen extending very little beyond the
hindwings ; legs bare, rather slender, spurs long.
" Expanse 9 Hnes."
Ceylon. In Mr. E. L. Layard's collection.
Genus REMODES.
Savris, Guenee, Phal ii. p. 361 (1857), ? ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1251, ? .
Eemodes, Giieuee, Phal. ii. p. 362 (1857), Si Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1253, S-
Male. Forewing long, costa regularly arched, apex not acute, exterior
margin very oblique, slightly convex, and with a very slight cleft above and below
end of the lower median, the middle lobe being concave and laxly scaled beneath ;
posterior margin straight ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal at one-third
before end of cell, quadrifid, fifth from end of cell and slightly touching second
close to its base, sixth also from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly-oblique,
recurved, radial from above its middle ; the middle median about one-sixth before
end of cell, lower at two-fifths; submedian slightly recurved: hindwing small,
short, narrow, exterior margin contracted, cleft and folded below the apex and
before the posterior angle, the middle lobe being produced, concave beneath and
with a covering of short fine hairy scales ; cilia long ; cell very short, less than
one-third the length ; subcostals from beyond end of celi ; subcostals and medians
much curved and partly hidden in the folds. Body slender ; abdomen extending
more than half beyond the hindwings ; palpi porrect, contiguous, very long, flat,
squamous, thrice longer than the head, third joint subulate, naked, one-third as long
as second ; antennas stout, thickest and flattened along the middle, scaly above,
very minutely pubescent in front; fore and middle legs very long, slender, smooth;
fore tarsi extremely long; middle tibim with a pair of slender unequal spurs ; hind
legs aborted ; hind tibia^ clothed with fine long hairs, which almost cover the tarsi.
3 Q 2
481 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Female. Hindwings of normal shape, antennae and palpi similar to those in male ;
hind legs long, smooth ; hind tibias with one pair of slender unequal spurs.
Tiipe, R. abortivata.
REMODES HIRUDINATA.
Sauris liirudinata, Guenee, Phal. ii. p. 362 (1857), ? ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1252.
Female. Forewing olive-green ; crossed by four well-defined alternate dark
olive-green and pale pinkish-cinereous sinuous bands, and four similar discal bands,
followed by an outer discal fascia, a submarginal macular fascia, and a row of
marginal spots ; the middle portion of the green bands, two spots on the outer
discal band, the submarginal and marginal spots being purplish-brown : hindwing
pale pinkish-cinereous. Thorax, head, and palpi olive-green ; abdomen and legs
cinereous-ochreous ; forelegs above brown.
Expanse Itu inch.
Ceylon.
REMODES REMODESARIA (Plate 207, Fig. 3, c? ; 2, 5, $ ) .
Sauris remodesaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1253 (1862), S-
Forewing pale olive-green; crossed by subbasal, medial and discal purplish-
brown sinuous lines, followed by submarginal dentate marks and a marginal row of
spots ; a slight lunule at end of the cell ; interspaces between the lines pale
cinereous : hindwing cinereous ; exterior margin of male cleft and folded below tlie
apex and above the posterior angle, the middle lobe being cinereous-brown and
covered beneath with brown hairy scales. Thorax, head, and palpi olive-green ;
abdomen, and legs cinereous ; forelegs brown above ; antennas blackish.
Expanse, ^ ? l-nr inch.
Ceylon.
REMODES PROBOSCIDARIA (Plate 207, Fig. 6, ? ).
Sauris prohoscidaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1252 (1862), ?.
Female. Forewing olive-green ; crossed by four narrow zigzag purple-black
inner bands, and six outer denticulated bands, a submarginal sinuous band, and a
marginal row of spots ; a slender black oblique spot at end of the cell : hindwing
brownish-cinereous. Thorax, head, and palpi, olive green ; abdomen, and legs
brownish-cinereous, forelegs darker brown.
Expanse If inch.
Ceylon.
REMODES NIGRIPALPATA.
Sanris nigripalpata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxiv. p. 1252 (1862), ? .
Forewing olive-green ; crossed by four or five purj)le-black angulated inner
lines, and five discal lines, an outer discal less defined hne, a submarginal row of
dentate spots, and a marginal row of small spots ; both series of lines with paler
LARENTIWJE. 485
purplish-brown interspaces ; a large black linear spot at end of the cell : hind-
wing, and abdomen, and legs pinkish-cinereous ; palpi blackish.
Expanse Iro inch.
Ceylon.
REMODES TRISERIATA (Plate 207, Ftci. 1, $; 4, ? ).
Forewing broader than in li. remodesaria ; pale ochreous-green ; crossed by
two subbasal, two medial, and three discal purple-brown angulated lines, followed
by some very ill-defined submarginal points, and a marginal row of spots ; a slight
lunule at end of the cell: hindwing whitish-cinereous; exterior margin of male
cleft and folded below the apex and above the posterior angle. Thorax, head, and
palpi pale ochreous-green ; abdomen and legs cinereous; antenna3 blackish.
Expanse, (5' tV, ? Ito inch.
Ceylon.
Genus ANTICLEA.
Anticha Stephens, Illust. Hanst. iii. p. 236 (1831) ; Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 193 (1850); Gut'iiee,
Phal. ii. p. 404 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxv, p. 1299 (1862).
Mesoleuca (part), Hiibner, Verz. p. 326.
AiiKshe (part), Hiibner, Verz. p. 333.
Lareiitia (part), Treitschke; Duponchel.
Forewing rather long, triangular ; cell fully half the length ; first subcostal at
nearly one-third before end of cell ; second close to end, joined to first for a short
distance from near its base, trifid; fifth from end, slightly touching second beyond
its juncture with first; sixth also from end of cell; discocellular slightly concave,
radial from above its middle ; the middle median very close to end, lower at two-
fifths : hindwing rather long, exterior mai'gin slightly convex; cell half the length ;
costal and subcostal joined to near end of cell; discocellular bent outward above
the middle, radial from below the middle ; the middle median near end, lower at
fully two-fifths. Body short, slender ; palpi porrect, projecting half beyond the
head, compactly clothed with stout hairy scales, apex broad and obtuse ; antennjs
stout, flattened, filiform ; legs slender, spurs slender {A. hcrhprata).
ANTICLEA OCCLUSATA (Plate 207, Fig. 7, 8, (^ ? ).
Cidaria occlusafa, Felder et Rogenh. Novara Voy. Lep. v. pi. 132, fig. 16 (1875), ^.
Male. Cupreous-red. Forewing with a broad curved basal and an irregular
angulated discal dark cupreous-brown band ; the interspace between the basal and
discal band more or less greyish red ; both bands edged by a pale-bordered black
line ; the discal band traversed by an erect whitish stripe, and with an outer
parallel grey-bordered blackish sinuous line, which is dilated at the costal end ; a
small black spot at end of the cell: hindwing cupreous-red ; abdomen with black
486 THE LEPIDOPTFAiA OF CEYLON.
triangular dorsal bands. Thorax, head, palpi above and forelegs dark brown;
palpi beneath red. Female. Forewing with the broad curved basal pale-edged
baud and inner part only of the discal band dark-brown, the interspace between the
two bands more or less pale greyish-red, the outer half of the wing being also more
or less greyish-red, sometimes grey, and crossed by denticulated brown lines, the
angulated pale-bordered black outer-line of the discal band, and the subraarginal
sinuous line dilated at the costal end and indistinct hindward ; black spot at end of
cell prominent.
Expanse, <? 1, ? t-cj to Itu inch.
Ceylon (Mdclcwood).
" Punduloya" {Green).
Genus PLEMYRIA.
Plemyna, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 334 (1825-7).
Phibalaptenjx (part), Stephens, III. Haust. iii. p. 255.
Camptogramma (part), Guenee ; Walker.
Male. Forewing triangular ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at
one-third before end of cell, quadrifid, fifth from angle immediately before the end,
touching second above its base, sixth from the end ; discocellular very slender,
concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median close to end of cell, lower at
one-tliird : hindwing broad, apex convex, exterior margin convex in the middle ;
cell nearly half the length, broad; two subcostals at one-third beyond the cell;
discocellular concave, lower end obhque, long, radial from above the middle; two
upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth. Body slender, short ; palpi
porrect, broad, pointed in front, very laxly clothed beneath, extending two-
thirds beyond the head ; antennae biciliated ; legs slender, hind tibiie with two pairs
of slender spurs.
Tijpe, P. fluviata.
PLEMYRIA BACCATA (Plate 206, Fig. 7).
Caiiiptof/raimiia haccata, GuL'uee, Phal. ii. p. 430 (1857) ; Walker, C.'ital. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxv.
p. 1327 (18G2).
Cularia peracutata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxv. p. 1421 (1862).
Forewing cinereous-ferruginous ; crossed by a subbasal, antemedial, medial,
discal, and a submarginal slender -white-bordered blackish denticulated line ; the
area between the antemedial and medial line dusky-cinereous, within which is a
large white spot at end of the cell : hindwing dusky-cinereous, with indistinct
darker slightly whitish-bordered limular fascite. Forelegs with blackish bauds.
Expanse to inch.
" Punduloya."
Allied to the European P. gemmata.
LARENTIIDyE. 487
Genus CAMPTOGRAMMA.
C<in!;)(of7ramma,Stepliens, Illust. Ilaust. iii. p. 2(53 (1831) ; Catal. Rrit. Lcp. B. M. p. 209 (1830) ;
Gucaee, Phal. ii. p. 426 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Hut. B. M. xxv. p. 132;i (18G2).
Plerocymia (part), Hiibner, Verz. p. 330.
Forewing short, triangular ; apex pointed, exterior margin waved ; cell less than
half the length ; first subcostal at one-third before end of cell, quadrifid ; fifth from
end, very slightly touching second above its base ; sixtli also from end of cell ; disco-
cellular bent, radial above the middle ; the middle median very close to end of cell,
lower at one-third : hindwiug short, broad, exterior margin waved, almost angular
in the middle ; cell one-third the length ; costal and subcostal joined from near the
base to near end of cell ; two subcostals on a footstalk at a short distance beyond
end of cell ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, concave, radial from its middle ; the
middle median from close to end, lower at one-third. Body slender ; abdomen
not extending beyond the hindwings ; palpi porrect, rostriform, very laxly squamous,
apex minute, pointed ; antennae filiform, minutely pubescent in front ; legs slender,
squamous, spurs long, slender.
Tijpe, C. biliueata.
CAMPTOGRAMMA BLITEARIA.
Caviptogramma hlitcaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1716 (1862), ?.
" Female. Cinereous, with a testaceous tinge ; minutely speckled with black.
Wings with three slightly undulating more or less diffuse brownish lines ; first and
second lines reflexed towards the costa, submargiual line occasionally widely inter-
rupted and diffuse ; a black discal point in each wing ; marginal points also black.
Forewing falcate, with very acute tips ; exterior border undulating.
"Expanse 11 to 12 lines."
Ceylon. In Mr. B. L. Layard's collection.
Genus EUSTROMA.
Eustroma, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 333(182.5-7).
SterjanolopJda, Stephens, Catal. ii. p. 135 (1829) ; Illust. ITaust. iii. p. 232 (1831).
Cidaria (part), Treitschke ; Duponchel ; Lederer ; Guenee ; Walker.
Male. Forewing rather broad, triangular ; costa arched at base, apex pointed,
exterior margin slightly convex and oblique ; cell fully half the length ; first sub-
costal at nearly one-fourth, second at one-eighth, trifid, joined to first for some
distance from its base ; fifth and sixth from end of cell, fifth touching second beyond
its juncture with the first ; discocellular concave, outwardly-oblique, radial from
above its middle ; the middle median near end, lower at nearly one-third ; a
lengthened tuft of long hairs projecting forwai'd from below middle of the submedian
on underside of the wing : hindwiug bluntly ovate ; cell two-fifths the length ; two
488 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
subcostals on a footstalk half beyond the cell ; discocellular outwardly-concave,
radial from its middle ; the middle median near end of cell, lower at nearly oue-
t]]ii-d. Body short; palpi porrect, projecting half beyond the head, broad, stoutly
pilose, tip pointed; antenna3 distinctly articulated, minutely pubescent in front;
legs very laxly scaled, hind tibias with two pairs of spurs.
Type, E. reticulata.
ETJSTROMA DISSECTA (Plate 207, Fig. 9, ? )•
Forewing purplish ochreous-brown ; crossed by a slender ochreous-white
curved basal and antemedial line, an outwardly-curved medial line, which joins a discal
line above the posterior angle, a curved line from middle of the posterior margin, some
wavy submarginal lines with zigzag lower ends, and a curved upper marginal line ;
the lines thus disposed forming two basal bands, an upper and lower discal band, and
two narrow apical bands ; the basal bands being traversed by a pale-bordered darker
brown Kne, and the discal bands by brown ringlet markings : hindwing pale purplish-
ochreous, the base ochreous-white ; crossed by a discal slender ochreous-white line,
and submarginal lunules ; marginal line dark brown ; inner marginal broken line
and adjacent cilia ochreous-white. Body purplish ochreous-brown, with ochreous-
white segmental edges ; front of head, palpi, and legs ochreous-white ; side of palpi
and legs above brown speckled.
Expanse Ito inch.
Ceylon. From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's colection.
Genus LAMPROPTERYX.
Lampropteryx,iiie\i\\&\\fi, Illiist. Haust. Hi. p. 233 (1831).
Eustroma (pai't), Hiibuer.
Cidaria (part), Treitschke ; Duponchel ; Boisdiival ; auenee ; Walker.
Forewing triangular ; costa arched at the base, apex pointed ; cell fully half the
length ; first subcostal at two-fifths before end of cell, second close to end, joined to
first for a short distance, trifid, fifth from end of cell, touching second beyond its
juncture with the first; discocellular outwardly-concave, radial from the middle;
the middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-third : hindwing with apex and
exterior margin convex ; cell fully half the length ; subcostal joined to costal from
near base to near end of cell; two subcostals at one-third beyond the cell;
discocellular bent above and below the middle, radial from lower angle; middle
median near end of cell, lower at one-third. Body slender, anal tuft lax; palpi
porrect, stout, projecting a little beyond the head, hirsute beneath, third joint short,
pointed ; antenna3 subserrated, biciliated ; legs moderately slender, long, squamous,
middle and hind tibial spurs long.
T^/jje, L. suffumata.
LARENTIIBjE. 489
LAMPROPTERYX MOLATA (Plate 207, Fig. U, 12, ^ ? ).
Gidaria Molata, Fekler et Rogenli. Nov.ara Voy. Lop. v. pi. 132, fig. 23 (187,'5) S .
Male. Forewing cupreous-brown ; crossed by an excurved subbasal, ante-
medial, and an irregular angulated sinuous postmcdial black line; the two former
whitisb-edged, the latter bordered by a parallel black-edged white fascia, which is
traversed by a slender black line, and is followed by a submarginal blackisli lunular
fascia bordered by a white line ; medial area with a black-lined white reniform spot
at end of the cell, below which are some black ringlets ; the centre of the cell-spot
sometimes brown : hindwing brownish-cinereous, palest at the base, with a maro-inal
row of small brown points. Thorax, head, and palpi brown, speckled with white;
bands on fore and middle legs brown; abdomen cinereous, with brown dorsal
triangular bands. Female. Forewing with the middle area cinereous-brown discal
lines less defined and narrower white-edged ; cell-spot brown.
Expanse 1 to l^iy inch.
" Punduloya " {Machvood and Green).
LAMPROPTERYX CINGALA (Plate 207, Fig. 10, ? ).
Forewing brownish-ochreous ; crossed by a broad dark greyish-brown curved
basal band, an irregular angulated medial band, and a submarginal fascia traversed
by a sinuous white line; the angulated outer border of the discal band with a
whitish denticulated edge ; the bands also crossed by indistinct black denticulated
lines : hindwing and abdomen dark cinereous-brown ; cilia ochreous. Thorax, palpi,
fore and middle legs with dark brown bands.
Expanse 1 inch,
Dolosbagie ; October (Machvood). Punduloya (Green).
Family NYCTEOLIDiE.
" Wings of moderate or small size. Forewing generally green. Antennfe
simple. Body rather stout.
" Larva with 16 legs. Feeds exposed on the leaves of trees or between the
terminal leaves of the twigs. Pupa in a firm boat-shaped cocoon." (Stainton.)
Genus EARIAS.
Farias, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 395 (1825-7).
Earis, Stephens, Illust. Haust. iv. p. 67 (1834).
Aphusia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 769 (1857).
Halias (part), Treitschke ; Duponcbel ; Gucnee.
Forewing elongate, rather narrow, costa slightly arched, apex pointed, exterior
VOL. III. 3 E
490 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
maroiu hardly oblique ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at one-third
before end of cell, second extremely close to the end, third from the end, bifid ; dis-
cocellular deeply concave, radials from extreme upper and lower end ; middle median
near end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian straight : hindwing broad, apex and
exterior margin convex ; cell more than half the length ; two subcostals from end of
cell ; discocellular concave ; two upper medians on a footstalk at half beyond the cell ;
lower at one-fourth. Body short, stout ; palpi porrect, rather slender, second joint
projecting half beyond the head, squamous, third joint short, oval ; proboscis long ;
antennre setulose; legs rather short, stout ; tibia? thick ; middle tibiae with one pair
and hind tibia3 with two pairs of slender spurs, the outer spur very long.
Tyfe, E. chlorana.
EARIAS CHROMATAEIA (Plate 208, Fig. 5).
Earias chromataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 204 (1863).
Earias annulifera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1774 (1866).
Forewing sulphur-green ; with a reddish spot in middle of the cell and another
at its end ; base of costa also reddish ; an angulated reddish-bordered purplish-brown
marginal band ; cilia also purplish-brown : hindwing white ; apical margin and cilia
tinged with sulphur-green. Thorax, head, base of palpi, and legs sulphur-green ;
abdomen greenish-white ; base of antennae, frontal tuft, side of palpi, and forelegs
above tinged with red.
Expanse tV to inj inch.
Ceylon.
EARIAS SPEIPLENA (Plate 208, Fig. 6).
Aphasia speipkna, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 770 (1857).
Micra partita. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 799 (1865).
Forewing olivescent- white ; with a longitudinal medial grass-green fascia dilating
from the base to the middle of exterior margin : hindwing olivescent-white ; with a
slender brownish marginal border. Body, palpi, and legs olivescent-white ; middle
of thorax grass-green ; side of palpi, and forelegs above brownish.
Expanse ttt to tV inch.
Ceylon. From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's collection.
EARIAS SULPHURAEIA (Plate 208, Fig. 10).
Forewing dark sulphur-yellow ; base of costa, and the cilia tinged with brownish-
ochreous : hindwing white ; apical border tinged with yellow. Thorax, head, base
of palpi, middle and hind femora and tibia above yellow ; palpi, forelegs above, and
all the tarsi ochreous-brown ; abdomen, and legs beneath yellowish-white.
Expanse to inch.
Ceylon. From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
NYQTEOLIBM. 491
Genus THAGORA,
Thagora, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 205 (1863).
Forewing elongate, narrow, rectangular ; cell nearly two-thirds the length ; first
subcostal at one-fifth before end of cell, second close to end, third from the end, bifid ;
discocellular very deeply concave, lower end prolonged, radials from extreme ends ;
middle median very close to end of cell, lower about one- half ; submedian recurved
from the base : hindwing rather long, apex somewhat produced ; costal and subcostal
vein anastomosed to two-thirds from the base, second subcostal at nearly half ; dis-
cocellular absent ; three median veins, two upper on a footstalk at half length
beyond the lower. Body short, stout ; head pointed in front ; palpi porrect, apes
decumbent, extending beyond the head, moderately slender, rather smooth, third joint
half length of second ; antennge setaceous, basal joint stout ; legs stout, laxly squamous,
middle tibias with one pair and hind tibias with two pairs of long slender unequal spurs.
THAGORA FIGTIRANA
Thagora Jigurana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 20.5 (1863), ? .
Forewiugs bright grass-green ; extreme base, costal edge, and cilia dull ochreous ;
with three lower discal irregular macular dull ochreous bands, the inner including a
spot at end of the cell : hindwing whitish with an aeneous tinge. Abdomen pale
fawn-colour.
Expanse, c? -nr, $ 1 inch.
Ceylon.
Family TORTRICID^.*
" Forewings broad, rarely twice as long as broad ; costa regularly arched, never
folded. Palpi short."
" Larva with 16 legs ; generally active, feeding in united or roUed-up leaves, or in
the roots and stems of plants." {Stainton.')
Genus TERAS.
Teras, Treitschke, Eur. Schmett. vii. p. 233 (1829).
Peronea,f Curtis, Brit. Ent. i. fol. 16 (1824).
TERAS DIVISANA.
Teras divisana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ssviii. p. 296 (1863).
" Brownish-cinereous. Wings with numerous minute transverse brown
* Lord Walsingbam has very kindly examined and described the new species of this Family,
■f Peronsea and Peronia previously used for genera of MoUusca.
3 E 2
492 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Streaks : forewing Tyith a lirownish patch, which occupies much more than half the
exterior part of the costa, and forms an angle in middle of the disc, whence it is
narrowed to the tip of the costa ; a few black erect scales here and there in the disc
and some black minute marginal points.
Expanse 10 lines."
Ceylon.
TERAS EXTENSANA.
Teras extenaana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 296 (1863).
" Cinereous fawn-colour. Wings brown-speckled : forewing with a darker fawn-
coloured costal stripe, which occupies more than half the exterior length of the wing,
and nearly half its breadth ; speckles here and there blackish ; costa with four blackish
marks along its exterior part : hindwings cinereous.
Expanse 12 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus CACCECIA.
Caccecia, Hiibner, Verz. p. 388 (1825-7).
Lozotwnia, Stephens, Catal. ii. p. 169 (1829) ; id. 111. Haust. iv. p. 69 (1835).
CACCECIA MICACEANA (Plate 208, Fig. 1).
Caccecia micaceana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 314 (1863).
" Male. Ochraceous. Foi-ewings spangled with chalybeous scales ; two fer-
ruginous interrupted bands, the first broader than the second ; fringe ferruginous,
except towards the interior angle ; costa convex towards the base, slightly concave
exteriorly ; tips rounded, but prominent, exterior border not oblique, except by the
interior angle : hindwings with the costa blackish towards the tip. Abdomen, hind-
wings, and underside brighter ochraceous ; abdomen extending beyond the hindwings ;
palpi slender, obliquely ascending, not rising so high as the vertex ; third joint very
minute.
Expanse 9 lines."
Walker's type of this species is from Hongkong. It is recorded by Lord
Walsingham from Poena, and Dharmsala, Punjab, m Proc. Zool. Soc. 188G, p. 881.
Genus DICHELIA.
Dichelia, Giicuee, Ann. Eut. Soc. Fr. 1845, p. 141.
DICHELIA RETRACTANA (Plate 208, Fig. 11).
Dichelia retractana. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 322 (1863.)
" Female. Cinereous. Wings with numerous minute transverse brown streaks,
Avliich are most apparent on the underside. Porewings acute, with two brown black-
marked costal spots, one near the base, the other at two-thirds of the length ; an
TOnTRlCIBjE. 493
intermediate oblique brown partly black-bordered band, whicb joins the interior
border at two-thirds the length of the latter, and thence emits a streak to the sub-
marginal disc ; two rows of transverse black points along the exterior border ; costa
convex towards the base ; exterior border hardly convex, rather oblique : hindwings
brownish-cinereous ; fringe whitish-cinereous. Head, thorax, and forewings tinged
with fawn-colour ; palpi porrect, almost as long as the breadth of the head ; second
joint with a short thick fringe above, third very minute.
Expanse 10 lines."
Walker's type of this species is from Australia. Lord Walsingham has recorded
it from Bombay, and Dharmsala, Punjab, in P. Z. S. 1886, p. 881.
Genus TORTRIX.
Tortru; Linn. Syst. Nat. X. ed. i. p. 530 (175S) ; id. xii. eJ. p. 875 (1767). Stephens, III. Haust. iv.
p. 68 (1834).
Aphelia, Hubner, Verz. p. 390 (1825-7).
TORTRIX DETRACTAHA.
Tortrix dctractana. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 326 (1863).
" Male. Pale fawn-colour. Forewing indistinctly tessellated with fawn -colour ;
a slightly darker nearly obsolete oblique middle band ; two brown black-marked costal
.spots : hindwing cinereous towards the base.
Expanse 6 lines."
TORTRIX INVALIDANA.
Tortrix invalidana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 327 (1863).
" Male. Pale cinereous fawn-colour. Wings tessellated with brown : forewing
with two brown oblique bands, which are most distinct on the costa and are obsolete
hindward : hindwing cinereous, with a slight tinge of fawn-colour ; markings indistinct.
Expanse 8 lines."
Ceylon.
TORTRIX AFFINISANA.
Tortrix affinisana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 328 (1863).
" Male, Cinereous fawn-colour, more cinereous beneath : forewing with fawn-
coloured speckles ; with a brown dot on the costa before the middle, and a brown
oblique band, which extends from the costa to the hind part of the exterior border,
and is narrower hindward : hindwing brownish-cinereous.
Expanse 6 lines."
Ceylon.
TORTRIX PUSILLANA.
Tortrix pusillana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 328 (1863).
" Female. Cinereous fawn-colour : forewing speckled with pale fawn-colour ; a
494 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
fawn-coloured oblique band, wliicli is concisely bordered on its inner side, and is
widened liindward ; a costal subapical fawn-coloured spot : hindwing cinereous, with
darker speckles. Abdomen cinereous.
Expanse 5 lines."
Ceylon.
TORTRIX COFFEARIA.
Tortn'j- coffearia, Nietner, Observ. ou the Enemies of the Coffee-tree in Ceylon, p. 24 (1861).
" Shaped like a perpendicular section of a bell. Light brown, clouded more or
less with a darker tint of the same colour.
Expanse 1 inch."
Ceylon.
" Larva f inch long, thick, nearly naked, greenish ; head and thoracic plate brown.
Found nearly all the year round, not exclusively upon coffee, but also upon a variety
of garden plants, the leaves of which it draws together, residing within." {Nietner.)
Genus PENTHINA.
Pmthma, Treiischke, Eur. Schmett. vii. p. 227 (1829).
Antithcsia (sect. B), Stephens, 111. Haust. iv. p. 89.
PENTHINA BRYANA.
Paithina hri/ana, Felder et Rogenh. Voy. Novara, Lep. v. pi. 137, fig. 54 (1875).
Forewing dark brown ; crossed by an outwardly-oblique pale olivaceous ante-
medial band and a narrower irregular postmedial band ; marginal line also olivaceous :
hindwing purplish-cinereous. Body brown ; front of thorax olivaceous.
Expanse fV inch.
Ceylon. " Ramhodde" (Nietner).
Genus CNEPHASIA.
Sdaphila* Trehschke, Eur. Schmett. vii. p. 233 (1829).
Cnephasia, Curtis, Brit. Ent. iii. fol 100 (1826). Stephens, 111. Haust. iv. p. 126 (1834).
CNEPHASIA FLEXILINEANA.
Sciaphila Jlexilineana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 345 (1863).
" Brownish-cinereous. Forewing cinereous, partly clouded with brown ; with
minute and indistinct transverse brown streaks, and a few black scales ; a brown
subcostal stripe, limited in front by an irregular black line, the latter bordered in
front by an irregular hoary line ; marginal line brown, zigzag, here and there black ;
costa with black points : hindwing brown, fringe dark cinereous.
Expanse 9 lines."
Ceylon. _^__
* Used in 1826 for a genus of Coleoptera.
TORTPdCIDyE. 495
Genus GRAPHOLITHA.
GraphoUtha, Treitschkc, Eur. Schmett. vii. 232 (1829).
GRAPHOLITHA OBTUSANA.
GraphoUtha obtmana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xxviii. p. 388 (1863).
" Female. Fawn-colour, mostly cinereous beneath, Forewing with a brownish
discal spot, and a brownish oblique exterior band, beyond which there are some black
points in the fore part of the disc ; a slender whitish sub marginal line ; costa with
oblique brown and whitish streaklets. Second joint of palpi with a short thick
fringe above.
Expanse 6 lines."
Ceylon.
GRAPHOLITHA CONFERTANA
GraphoUtha confertana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 388 (1863).
" Female. Brown, with a cinereous tinge beneath : forewings with many
transverse cinereous lines, of which those on the basal half are bent, and those on the
exterior part are very irregular ; a fawn-coloured patch near the tip of the costa, and
another on the hind part of the exterior border ; costa with oblique whitish streaklets.
Palpi with two whitish bands.
Expanse 6 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus PLATYPEPLUS, Walsingham.
Head coarsely scaled. Antennte about half the length of the forewings. Palpi
short, slightly recurved, brush-like beneath, the apical joint small, obtuse. Thorax
tufted posteriorly. Forewings elongate, with the costa and apical margins convex,
the dorsal margin straight, but angulated near tlie base. Hindwings triangular, the
abdominal margin much dilated, with a narrow pit-like recess extending two-thirds
from the base towards the abdominal angle; this structure apparently correspondino-
to the free lobe in the genus Eccopsis, Zeller, but attached to the wing throuo-hout.
Neuration as in Eccopsis.
This genus differs from Carpocapsa in the approximation of the middle vein of
the hindwings to the base of vein 4, resembling in this respect the genus Eccopsis, to
which it is very nearly allied.
PLATYPEPLUS APROBOLA (Plate 208, Fig. 2).
Eccopsis aprobola, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1886, p. 275.
Head cinereous, with some brownish scales ; palpi cinereous, tinged with brown
externally ; thorax greyish, mottled and tufted with brown posteriorly. Forewino-s
densely and intricately mottled with steel-grey and brown, a whitish space extendino-
from the base along the fold is merged in a pale cinereous patch on the middle of the
496 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
dorsal margin, above tlie outer edge of which is a ferruginous-brown space extending
inwards to the costa and diffused in scattered spots to the dorsal margin before the
anal angle ; this space is preceded by two and followed by three reduplicated oblique
white costal streaklets, which terminates in steel-grey Hnes extending outwards very
obliquely ; before the apex are two more single white streaklets in the dark brown
costal margin ; the fringes on the upper third of the apical margin are steel-grey merg-
ing into pale cinereous, and becoming almost white at the anal angle, above which a
steel-grey, ill-defined, ocelloid patch is traversed and surmounted by dark brown
lines and spots ; fringes dark grey about the apex becoming almost white towards the
anal angle. Hindwings pale brownish, with shining greyish- white fringes. Abdomen
brown, anal tuft pale cinereous with a faint ochreous tinge.
Expanse of wings 19 mms.
Ceylon. " This identical species occurs also in Tahiti, whence I have specimens
collected by Mr. J. J. Walker. Mr, Meyrick's types, in which a somewhat more
ochreous colouring prevails are from Tonga." {Wals Ingham.)
Genus HOMONA.
Homona, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 424 (1863).
" Male. Wings rather broad. Forewings rectangular at the tips ; costa slightly
convex, with a pouch near the base ; exterior border convex and oblique hindward ;
interior border dilated and squamous towards the base. Body stout ; proboscis short ;
palpi smooth, rather slender, obliquely ascending, not rising so high as the vertex,
third joint conical, one-sixth the length of second ; antennae very minutely setulose ;
abdomen extending a little beyond the hindwings, apical tuft large, diverging ; legs
stout; hind tibiiB with four stout spurs."
HOMONA FASCICULANA.
Homona fasciculana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 424 (1863).
" Male. Fawn-colour. Forewings with an oblique darker streak, which widens
from the disc to the apical part of the interior border, and is bordered with cinereous ;
covering of the pouch darker ; a darker streak widening from middle of the costa to
the tip, and bordered with ferruginous ; a short broad oblique streak between the first
streak and the pouch, deep black hindward. Abdomen, hindwings, and under side a
little paler.
Expanse 8 lines." •'•■•■•'■
Ceylon.
Family CHOREUTID^.
Wmgs small. Forewings, in repose, slightly erected and partially covering
the liindwings. Antennae simple ; palpi rather short, ascending.
CHOREUTID^. 407
Larva with IG legs. Feeds ou low plants, enclosed in a white web.
Pupa enclosed in a firm white cocoon.
Genus SIMAETHIS.
Simaethis, Leach, Edin. Enc. ix. p. 135 (1815). Samouelle, Ent. U. C. p. 254 (1819). Stephens, III.
Haiist. iv. p. 28 (1834).
AnthopMla* Haworth, Lep. Biit. p. 471 (1812).
Xylopoda, Latr. Fam. Nat. 476 (182.5).
SIMAETHIS BUTHTJSALIS.
Simaethis Buthnsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 454 (1863).
"Male. Blackish. Forewings with three irregular whitish bands; second band
broader than the first, composed of three spots, of which the hindmost is the largest ;
marginal dots deep black, each accompanied by a glittering chalybeous point : hind-
wings with two whitish spots, which form a widely interrupted band ; a large exterior
very pale fawn-coloured spot ; marginal line whitish. Body white and shining beneath;
legs white ; tibi* and tarsi with blackish bands.
Expanse 4 lines."
Ceylon.
SIMAETHIS TAPROBANES.
Simaethis tajirobanes, Zeller, Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 1877, p. 178. pi. 2. f. 65.
Luteous-brown. Forewing with irregular transverse basal and medial ferruginous
fascijB, and some short longitudinal stripes on the exterior border ; cilia alternated
with ferrngiuous : hindwing with dilated ferruginous streaks from the base, and a
transverse submarginal narrow fascia ; cilia ferruginous.
Expanse 4 lines.
Ceylon.
SIMAETHIS ELATELLA.
SimMtkis elatella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 455 (18G3).
" Male. Cinereous-brown. Wings with an abbreviated exterior white line ;
marginal points metallic-purple or cupreous ; fringe partly white : forewings with some
sHght transverse cinereous lines ; reniform mark represented by an oblique brownish
white-bordered streak, having a little longitudinal white streak behind it : hindwings
with a large white discal streak.
Exj^anse 4^ lines."
Ceylon. In Mr. E. L. Layard's Collection.
Family LIPUSIDiE.
Genus MICROCOSSUS.
Female. Forewing long, narrow, ovate ; cell fully two-thirds the length, disposed
* Used bj Hiibner (Tentamen, p. 2. 1806) for a genus of Lepidoptera.
VOL. III. 3 S
49S THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
towards tlie middle of the wing; first subcostal at one-half before end of the cell,
second at about one-fiftli, third near end, fourth from the end ; discocellular inwardly-
oblique, radials from near each end ; two slender veiulets emitted within the cell,
which are united at two-fifths from the end and then extend to the base ; middle
median near end of cell, lower about one-fifth ; submedian recurved, and with a short
lower basal branch : hindwing shorter than the forewing, lanceolate ; cell about two-
thirds the length ; first subcostal from angle close to end ; discocellular bent outward
near upper end and inward close to lower end, radial from the lower angle ; a slender
veinlet extending within the cell from upper angle of the discocellular to the base ;
middle median near end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal veins
straight. Body extending beyond the hindwings, anal tuft lax, ovipositor exserted ;
palpi porrect, slightly curved, slender, very laxly clothed, not extending beyond the
front ; antenna minutely and acutely serrated ; legs stout, roughly squamous, middle
tibia with one pair of spurs ; hind tibia incrassated, with two pairs of spurs.
Closely allied to Psilothrix (P. clardoinella) of Southern Europe, the larva of both
sexes of which lives, and pupates, within a twig-covered silken case, similar to those
formed by the PsychidsB.
MICROCOSSUS MACKWOODII (Plate 208, Fig. 9, ^ ).
Brownish-cinereous. Forewing crossed by several equidistant more or less con-
tinuous lines, which are composed of raised brown and black scales, a darker cluster
of these scales also forming a patch about the middle of the cell ; hindwing paler
cinereous. Thorax, and base of abdomen greyish ; anal tuft ochreous ; front of head
blackish ; palpi and legs brownish.
Expanse f? inch.
Ceylon. From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Family TINEIDJE.*
" Wings elongate ; fringes very long. Head small, rough; labial palpi short and
thick, often bristly ; maxillary palpi generally extremely developed ; antenufe variable,
pectinated, ciliated, or simple, sometimes very long ; proboscis rarely absent.
LarvJB with 16 legs, residing in a portable case, or feeding in fungi or decayed
wood, in galleries lined with silk, or in the pith of the stems of grass." {Stainton.)
Genus HAPSIFERA.
Hapsifera, Zeller, Isis, 1847, p. 33.
Cimitra, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 779 (1864), ?.
" Female. Wings dense, rather narrow ; fringe long : forewings rounded at the
* Lord Walsiiigliam bas very kiiully cxamiaed and described tbe new species ia the group of Tineiua.
TINEIDJE. 499
tips, costa and exterior border hardly convex, the Latter very obliqne ; veins much
hke those of Depressaria in structure. Body moderately stout ; proboscis obsolete ;
palpi obliquely ascending, shorter than the breadth of the head, second joint pilose,
slightly curved, third nearly linear, about half length of the second; antennsB smooth,
rather stout; abdomen extending more than half beyond hindwings ; legs smooth,
moderately long and stout ; hind tibiae thinly fringed with very long hairs ; spurs
long." (n'rt/Arr.)
HAPSIFERA SECLUSELIA (Plate 208, Fig. 12, 13, ^J ? ).
CimUra sedusclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 780 (1864), ?.
Male. Cinereous-ochreous : forewing rough, with many transversely disposed
brown-scaled strigce, and with a subbasal, and two medial oblique bands of prominent
black-tipt raised scales ; a marginal row of similar raised scales; cilia tipt with brown :
hindwiug brownish cinereous. Thorax, head, and sides of palpi with black-tipt scales ;
fore and middle legs with blackish bands. Female. Forewing with more defined and
uniformly disposed brown strigte, and with the black-tipt bands of raised scales.
Expanse, S to,Q 1 inch.
Ceylon. From Mr, Mackwood's Collection.
Genus TINEA.
Tinea, Linn. Syst. Xat. X. ed. p. 534 (I7o8), id. xii. ed. p. 883 (1767). Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 655 (1775);
Latreille, Hist. Nat. xiv. p. 248 (1805) ; id. Consid. Gen. p. 364 (1810). Stephens, 111. Haust.
lY. p. 343 (1S34). Zeller, Linn. Ent. vi. p. 84, 100 (1852). Stainton, Ins. Brit. Tineina, p. 24
(1854).
TINEA TAPETZELLA.
Phalcena {Tinea) iapetzella, Linn. Syst. Nat. 10 ed. p. 536 (1758), xii. ed. p. 888 (1767), Clerck, Icones,
pi. xi. f. 12 (1759).
Tinea tapetzella, Miilkr, Faun. Ins. Frid, p. 56 (1764). Stephens, III. Haust. IV. p. 343 (1835). Stainton,
Ins. Brit. Tineina, p. 28 (1854).
Tinea tapezella, Schitf, S. V. p. 142. Fabr. Ent. Syst. p. 659 (1775). Treitscbke, Dupoucbel.
Tinea tapetiella, ZeWer, Isis, 1839, p. 184.
" Forewings black from the base to the middle, white beyond ; on the inner
margin the black terminates very apruptly a little before the middle ; on the costa,
where it is continued further, the termination is less abrupt ; apical portion of the
wing clouded with dark grey, and there is a small black spot at anal angle, and two
or three at the apex ; ciha whitish, at the apex dark grey : hindwings pale grey, with
whitish-grey cilia. Head and face white; palpi white, joints dark fuscous externally ;
antennas fuscous. {Stainton.)
Expanse 9 lines."
Ceylon. {Templeton ; Nietner.)
500 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
TINEA PELLIONELLA.
Phalcena {Thmi) pcUioneUa, Lion. Syst. Nat. 10 Ed. p. 536, xii. ed. p. 888 (1767).
Tinea pellioneUa, Midler, Faun. Ins. Frid. p. 57 (1764). Fabr. Ent. Sjst. p. 659 (1775) Treitschke.
Stephens, III. Haust. IV. p. 345(1834). Zeller, Isis, 1838, p. 708. Stainton, Ins. Brit. Tineina,
p. 33 (1854).
" Forewings greyisli-oclareous, with three rather obsolete fuscous s}3ots, one on
the disc, one rather beyond it on the fokl before the middle, the other on the disc
beyond the middle ; there is sometimes a faint dark spot on the inner margin near the
base; cilia unicolorous, pale greyish-ochreous : hind wings whitish-grey, with whitish-
ochreous cilia. Head and face ochreous, slightly mixed with fuscous ; palpi and
antennae fuscous. (Stainton.)
Expanse 5| to 6^ lines."
TINEA GLABRELLA.
Tinea glabrella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 478 (1863).
" Female. yEneous fawn-colour, shining. Wings moderately broad, irridescent
beneath ; fringe with four blackish lines : forewiugs rounded at the tips, exterior border
very oblique. Head pale ochraceous, pubescent ; j)alpi brown, porrect, not extending
beyond the head, third joint conical, minute; antennae slender, rather shorter than
the forewings ; legs stout, smooth.
Expanse 12 lines."
Ceylon.
TINEA RECEPTELLA.
Tinea recepteUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 479 (1863).
" Male. Ferruginous. Forewings acute, subfalcate, with black speckles, some
of which are contiguous and form four small discal patches ; costa hardly convex ;
exterior border very oblique. Under.side and hind wings brown, tinged with purple.
Head and palpi pilose ; palpi porrect, shorter than the breadth of the head ; third
joint very minute ; antennce very slender.
Expanse 10 lines."
Ceylon.
TINEA IMPRESSELLA.
Tinea impressella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxviii. p. 479 (1863).
" Female. Pale cinereous fawn-colour. Forewings narrow, shghtly acute, with
an asneous tinge ; a small paler impressed patch in the middle of the disc ; exterior
border almost straight, very oblique : hindwings cinereous. Head lanuginous, snow-
white ; palpi porrect, slightly deflexed, rather shorter than the breadth of the head,
third joint acute, minute ; antennas rather stout.
Expanse 7 lines."
Ceylon.
TINEIDJE. 501
TINEA FISSELLA.
Tinea fisscUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. 15. M. xxviii. p. 480 (18G3).
" Female. Pale yellow. Forewings hardly acute, costa and exterior half brown ;
a brown spot contiguous to the oblique outline of the yellow part : hindwings cinereous.
Head pubescent ; palpi diverging, shorter than the breadth of the head ; antennas
rather stout ; thorax brown.
Expanse 5 to 6 lines."
Ceylon.
TINEA AMANDATELLA.
Tinea amandatella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 480 (1863).
" Male. Cinereous. Forewings nai-row, rounded at the tips, thickly blackish-
speckled ; with a whitish oblong semihyaline discal spot ; exterior border extremely
oblique. Head whitish, lanuginous above ; palpi smooth, slender, diverging, not
longer than the breadth of the head ; third joint lanceolate, much shorter than second ;
antennae smooth, more than half length of the wings ; abdomen extending very much
beyond the hindwings ; legs smooth.
Expanse 6 lines."
Ceylon.
TINEA PARVULELLA.
Tinea parvulella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 4S1 (1863).
" Male. Pale cinereous. Forewings narrow, slightly rounded at the tips ; with
some small feneous streaklets and with an aqueous subapical patch ; fringe long ;
exterior border very oblique. Head somewhat lanuginous above ; palpi slightly
diverging, a little shorter than the breadth of the head, third joint elongate-conical,
minute ; antennae very minutely pubescent, about half length of the forewings ; legs
smooth.
Expanse ?>\ lines."
Ceylon.
TINEA INCONCISELLA.
Tinea inconcisella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 1004 (1864).
" Female. Pale dull ochraceous. Forewings narrow, somewhat rough ; hardly
acute ; with many minute transverse ferruginous streaks ; several black scales, some
of which form three dots, one basal, the other two iu the disc before the middle, one
of them near the interior border : hindwings pale cinereous. Palpi hardly ascending,
extending a little beyond the head, second joint pilose, third lanceolate, much shorter
than second ; abdomen pale cinereous, extending much beyond the hindwings ;
oviduct exserted ; antennae rather stout; thorax very thickly black speckled.
Expanse 8 lines."
Ceylon.
502 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
TINEA ARENATELLA.
Tinea arenaidla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxx. p. 1005 (1864).
" Female. Whitish cinereous, slender ; forewings narrow, acute, irregularly
blackish-speckled ; speckles here and there confluent and forming small patches.
Palpi slender, porrect, extending very little beyond the head, second joint fringed
beneath, third lanceolate, as long as second ; antennte very slender, less than half
length of the forewings; abdomen extending very much beyond the hind wings;
legs smooth.
Expanse 6 lines."
Ceylon.
TINEA (?; EGENELLA.
Tinea (?) egenella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 1005 (1864).
" Female. Cinereous, stout. Forewings rather short and broad, rounded at the
tips ; with many diffuse irregular brown dots ; costa slightly convex towards the
base; exterior border moderately obUque. Palpi obliquely ascending, not rising
higher than the vertex ; second joint pilose, third very short and slender ; antenna
stout, very minutely setulose.
Expanse C lines."
Ceylon.
Genus MACH^ROPTERIS, Walsingham.
Head rough. Antenua3 scarcely longer than the head and thorax, simple, with
long diverging hairs beneath covering the second and third joints, forming con-
spicuous brush-like tufts. Maxillary palpi, none. Forewings ensiform, the costa
much arched, the apex acute, somewhat falcate, the apical margin undulate, oblique,
anal angle ill-defined. Hiudwings slightly wider than the forewings, elongate, leaf-
shaped, the apex acute and slightly falcate. Forewings with 12 veins; 2 and 3
from a common point, the others all separate ; 7 ending in apex. Hindwings with
8 veins, all separate at base ; 6 and 7 parallel.
MACH^ROPTEEIS RECEPTELLA (Plate 208, Fig. 14).
Tinea rcccptclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxviii. p. 479 (1863).
"Male. Ferruginous. Forewings with black speckles, some of which are
contiguous and form four small discal patches. Underside and hiudwings brown,
tinged with purple.
Expanse 10 lines."
TINEIBJE. 503
Genus BLABOPHANES Zeller.
Blabophanes, Zcller, Linn. Ent. vi. p. 100 (1852).
BLABOPHANES LONGELLA (Plate 209, Fig. 1).
Tinea lotifjella, Walker, Ciital. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvlii. p. 479 (1863).
" White. Head slightly tufted ; palpi porrect, extending very little beyond the
head, third joint elongate-conical, much shorter than the second ; antennge rather
stout, much shorter than the forewings ; hind tibite fringed. Wings rather narrow :
forewiugs blackish chalybeous, rounded at the tips, with a broad white costal streak,
■which extends from before the middle nearly to the tip, and forms two slight angles
on its hind side ; exterior border extremely oblique : hindwings dark cinereous, with
an asneous tinge.
Expanse 10 lines."
Genus ALAVONA.
Alavona, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 514 (1863).
" Male. Wings rather narrow : forewings hardly acute ; costa straight; exterior
border moderately oblique ; third inferior vein rather more distant from the fourth
than from the third ; body stout ; proboscis obsolete ; palpi stout, porrect, slightly
pilose, much shorter thau the breadth of the head, third joint elongate-conical, about
half the length of second ; antenna moderately pectinated ; abdomen extending
somewhat beyond the hindwings ; apical tuft rather large ; legs stout ; tibite
pubescent; spurs very long."
ALAVONA TAPROBANA (Plate 208, Fig. 7, 8, J ? ).
Male. Cinereous-brown : forewing numerously covered with dark brown scales,
which are transversely disposed exteriorly, and there form broad strigte, with more
or less black tipt raised scales : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Head,
antennse, tip of palpi, and legs brownish-ochreous ; base of palpi, and bands on fore
and middle legs dark brown. Female. More uniformly brown : forewing with less
defined darker tipt scales. Palpi and legs brown.
Expanse, t? A, ? IfV inch.
Ceylon. From Dr. Thwaites' Collection.
ALAVONA THWAITESII (Plate 208, Fig. 3, 4, 5 ? ) .
Male. Umber brown : forewing with the exterior border broadly from the
apex, and the posterior border pale cinereous-brown ; costal area with darker brown-
tipt raised scales, which are disposed transversely in the form of strigse : hindwinof
and abdomen pale cinereous brown. Palpi dark brown ; head, antennge, and legs
pale brownish-ochreous ; legs, including the tarsi with dark brown bands, which are
504 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
much paler on the hindlegs. Female. Forewing with the exterior and posterir
border almost of the same brown colour as the anterior border. Palpi, and band
on legs paler.
Expanse, c? Ifo, ? Ittt inch,
Ceylon. From Dr. Thwaites' Collection.
Family HYPONOMEUTIDiE.
" Wings elongate, with moderate or rather short ciliiB. Head rough or smooth ;
labial palpi of moderate length ; maxillary palpi absent ; proboscis of moderate
length, mostly naked.
Larva frequently gregarious, living in a common web." {Stalnton.)
Genus HYPONOMEUTA.
l>?jome«;a, Latroille, Hist. Nat. xiv. p. 250 (1802); id. Reg. An. iii. p. 579 (1817) ; Treitschke,
Eur. Sch. ix. i. p. 208 (1832) ; Stephens, III. Haust. iv. p. 242 (1834) ; Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 194.
Hyponomeuta, Zeller, Isi.';, 1844, p. 199.
Nijgmia, Hiibuer, Verz. p. 412 (1825-7).
HYPONOMEUTA ALIENELLUS.
Hyponomcvta aUenelhis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 532 (1863).
"Male. Dark cinereous. Forewings with numerous minute black points:
hindwings a little paler. Head with four black points ; thorax with seven black
points; abdomen extending much beyond the hindwings, with a large apical tuft
and two long narrow apical appendages, which are curved downward ; legs with a
black point on each anterior femora and tibite.
Expanse 12 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus ATTEYA.
Attenn, Walker, Cat.ak Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. o2G (1854).
Amhloihridia, Wallengren, Resa Eugenie, v. p. 385 (1861).
Corinca, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 542 (1863).
Male. Forewing long, apex rounded, exterior margin hardly oblique; cell
four-fiftlis the length, bent downward at the end, disposed towards the middle of the
wing ; first subcostal at half before the end, second at one-eighth, third and fourth
close to end, fifth from the end ; discocelkilar inwardly-oblique, two radials at equal
distances apart ; a slender veinlet emitted within the cell from fourth subcostal and
is joined to the sul)costal at half way between the first and second branches ; middle
median from angle close to end of cell, lower at one-seventh ; submedian with a
lower basal branch at nearly one-third its length: hindwiug long; cell two-thirds
TINEIDjE. 505
its length, very narrow; costal straight ; first subcostal close to end; discocellular
inwardly-oblique, two radials at equal distances apart ; a slender veinlet emitted
within the cell from upper radial; middle median at one-fifth, lower about two-fifths;
submedian and internal vein straight. Body rather stout ; abdomen extending half
beyond the hindwings ; proboscis long, slender ; palpi ascending, reaching to vertex,
slender, squamous, third joint linear, acute, as long as the second ; antenna minutely
serrated ; legs squamous, rather stout ; middle tibias with a pair of stout spurs, hind
legs in male aborted, slender, femora fringed with silky hairs, spurs obsolete ; hind
legs in female stout, tibiae with two pairs of spurs.
Type, A. niveigutta.
ATTEVA IMPARIGUTTELLA (Plate 209, Fig. 2).
Oeta imimricjuttella, Zeller, HorsB Ent. Soc. Eoss. xiii. p. 224, pi. 3. f. 77 (1S77).
Forewing cupreous-red, with four outwardly-oblique series of large pure white
spots ; some small spots also disposed along the costa : hindwing and abdomen
golden-yellow. Thorax cupreous-red ; white spotted ; vertex, front of head, and
base of palpi white ; palpi and antennce brownish ; legs yellow.
Expanse 1 inch.
Ceylon. " Colombo " (MachiwwJ).
Genus PRAYS.
Prays, Hiibner, Verz. p. 413 (1825-7) ; Stainton, Ins. Brit. Tineina, p. 64 (1854).
PRAYS (?) PLAGIFERELLA.
Prays (?) plagiferella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B.M. xxviii. p. .540 (1863).
" Male. Testaceous-whitish ; stout. Forewings hardly acute ; with some minute
black speckles, a few of which form two or three small dots near the base ; two
fawn-coloured patches, one forming an oblique incomplete band, the other extending
along the exterior border ; two cinereous discal spots, one on each side of the first
patch ; first spot elongated, oblique, second nearly round. Head pubescent ; palpi
a little longer than the breadth of the head, second joint broadly fringed beneath,
third lanceolate, shorter than the second, with a black subapical band; antennte
stout, minutely setulose, shorter than the forewings^ abdomen extending fully half
beyond hindwings.
Expanse 7 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus AZINIS.
Azinis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 541 (1863).
"Male. Body stout, smooth; proboscis short; palpi smooth, curved, obliquely
VOL. III. 3 T
506 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
ascending, rising a little higher than the vertex, third joint lanceolate, almost as long
as the second ; antenuge bare ; abdomen extending a little beyond the hindwings,
apical tuft subquadrate ; logs stout, smooth ; hind tibia? with a short thick fringe,
spurs very long. Wings robust, elongate : forewings slightly rounded at the tips ;
costa and exterior border very slightly convex, the latter very sHghtly oblique.
Neuration as in Psecadla."
AZINIS HILARELLA (Plate 209, Fig. 3).
Acinis lularclln. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxviii. p. 5-1:2 (1863).
"Male. Pale slate-colour. Head wiih a black dot on the hind border; palpi
white, with four black bands ; thorax with four black dots ; abdomen pale cinereous,
luteous at the base. Forewings with eighteen black whitish-bordered dots, and with
a row of small submarginal black dots; five of the eighteen are smaller than the
others, and are near the submarginal row : hindwings luteous, black at the tips ;
fringe cinereous towards the tips.
Expanse 14 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus THEOXENIA., Walsingham.
Male. Head with appressed coarse scales above ; antennae ciliated, reaching
to two-thirds of forewings ; labial palpi recurved, reaching nearly to the base of the
autennee ; second joint stout, apical joint half as long as the second, not acutely
pointed ; maxillary palpi none ; haustellum long, wide, coarsely scaled at the base ;
ocelli none. Forewings elongate, with the costa slightly arched, rounded at the
apex; with 12 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem, 7 terminating in apex, 8
in costal margin. Hindwings broad, with a conspicuous brush of hair-like scales
near the base on the upperside ; the whole middle portion of the wing on the under-
side being tufted with long scales, forming a thick mat ; neuration : — 8 veins ; 3
and 4 from a point arising from lower angle of cell ; 5 and 6 from a point ; 6 and 7
pai^allel. [Owing to the thickly matted scales, it is impossible to trace the whole
system of the venation without denudmg the wings of the scales.]
THEOXENIA PENICILLATA, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 4, J ).
Male. Palpi pale grey, touched with brownish about the apex, and with two
wide brownish bands around the second joint ; head slaty-grey, with a black spot
above at the back ; antennas slaty-grey, pubescent, with two black spots on the
upperside of the basal joint, also two beneath ; thorax slaty-grey, with four con-
spicuous round black spots above, the posterior pair being somewhat closer to each
other than the anterior pair ; a small black spot at the base of each of the patagia.
TI^EWjE. 507
Forewings slaty-grey, with numerous (28) black spots, each set in an ill-defined
greyish-white ring ; a small black spot at the extreme base of the wing is followed
by two adjacent ones, the upper, which is slightly nearer the base than the lower of
the two, lies immediately l^elow the costal edge, and is somewhat smaller than that
which is beneath it, touching the upper edge of the fold ; at aliout one-fifth the
length of the wing is another black subcostal spot, and this is followed by a large
discal spot, above and a little before the middle of the wing ; close to the upper edge
of the cell, and nearly at the outer one-foui^th of the wing is another spot followed by
four similar ones, interjacent between the apical veins, with two larger ones below
them near the apical margin of the cell, the outer being somewhat lower than the
inner ; about the anal angle of the cell is another spot preceded by four (not already
mentioned), two at the lower edge of the fold, and two smaller ones placed obliquely
inwards, nearer to the dorsal margin ; around the apex and apical margin is a row
of ten squarish spots. The fringes slightly tipped with brownish. Hindwing.s
purplish-brown, with the costal margin pale grey ornamented with an elongate brush
of curved bright ochreous scales ; the abdominal margin somewhat dilated is bright
ochreous ; fringes unicolorous wntli the wings. Abdomen rich ochreous, with a
round black spot on the middle of the anterior edge of each of the first five segments.
LFnderside : Forewings pale brown, a small brown pencil of hairs at the extreme base
of the costa : hindwings brown, the abdominal margin broadly ochreous, thickly
matted along the middle. Alxlomen with a double row of round black spots. Legs :
the two anterior pair of legs banded pale grey and dark brown, the posteror pair
being bright ochreous above, the tarsal joints with brown bands.
Expanse of wings 37 mms.
Ceylon .
This has greatly the appearance of Azinis hilarella ; the pattern of the spots on
the forewings being similar; the absence of the strong tufts of hair-like scales on the
fore and hindwings distinguish it generically, and the brown over-spreading the whole
middle portion of the upperside of the hindwings forms the conspicuous difference in
colour.
Family GELECHIIDiE.
" Forewings oblong or elongated ; hindwings rather broad, generally indented.
Head smooth; labial palpi recurved, generally long, sometimes with the second joint
prolonged as a tuft ; maxillary palpi undeveloped.
Larva with 16 legs, of very various habits, either feeding in leaves and stems of
plants, beneath a flat web on underside of leaves of trees, in rolled or screwed-up
3 T 2
f,OS THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
leaves of plants, between united twigs, in seeds and flowers of low plants, between
the terminal leaves of plants, mining leaves, or on lichen and moss." — {Stauitun.)
Genus DEPRESSARIA.
Depressaria, Haworth, Li^i. Brit. p. 505 (1812) ; Cm-tis, Brit. Eut. fol. 221 (1828) ; Stephens, Illust.
Haust. iv., p. 197 (1831); Zeller, Isis (1839), p. 195.
DEPRESSARIA ANGUSTA, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 5).
Head pale ochreous, roughly clothed above with a few fuscous scales inter-
mixed, the face very pale ochreous; palpi pale ochreous, touched with fuscous
towards the end of the apical joint, which is slightly thickened with coarse scales
about its middle ; antennte dull cinereous ; thorax pale ochreous, mixed with urabre
scales. Forewings very narrow, pale ochreous, with several groups of raised dark
umbre scales, one at the base, two before the middle, of which one is above and the
other beneath the fold, two beyond the middle about the end of the discal cell and im-
mediately adjacent to each other ; above these is a deep fuscous shade on the costa,
followed by a still more conspicuous one at the apex ; around the apical margin,
reaching within the anal angle, is a series of six or seven dark fuscous, elongate dots ;
around the raised patches of scales and about the costa above the first pair, is
some feruginous shading ; a considerable portion of the ground colour of the wing-
being thickly clouded with umbre brown ; fringes the same as the ground colour.
Hiudwings pale cinereous. Abdomen scarcely darker.
Expanse of wings 14| mms.
Ceylon.
Genus GELECHIA.
Gtlechia, Zoller, Isis (1839), p. 197. Staiutou, lus. Brit. Tiuoina, p. 101 (1S54).
GELECHIA SIGNIFERA.
Geh'chid signifera, Felderet Rogen. Novara Voy. Lep. v. pi. 139 f. 23 (1875).
Female. Pale ochreous. Forewing with a black interrupted longitudinal
medial streak, above which are two black cell spots, one before the othei-, the inner
spot minute : hind wing paler. Middle of the thorax black.
Evpause A inch.
Ceylon.
GELECHIA OBLIGATELLA.
Gelechia oUUjateUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxx p. 1023 (1864).
" Female. Brownish-cinereous. Forewings rather narrow, rounded at the tips ;
with two very large cupreous-brown spots ; first spot interior, nearly triangular,
resting on the interior border, not extending to the costa, second spot exterior,
GELECHIID^:. 509
triangular, one of its angles discal, anotlier costal, and tlie third on tlie interior
border ; a minute brown apical streak. Palpi pale cinereous, smooth, slender, more
than twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint as long as second.
Expanse 5 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA ALTERNELLA.
Gelechia allernella, "Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 1023 (1864).
" Female. Ferruginous-brown. Forewings acute, moderately broad ; trans-
versely and minutely blackish-speckled ; costa with six or seven distinct oblique
black points, of which the last is a little beyond the middle ; some minute black
points along the apical part of the costa and along the exterior border, which is
straight and rather oblique : hindwings asneous-brown. Head in front and underside
silvery-cinereous ; palpi more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, second
joint with a thick securiform fringe, third joint setiform, very slender, longer than
second ; antenna? much shorter than the forewings ; legs stout ; hind tibiae wath
squamous hairs.
Expanse 12 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA ANIMOSELLA.
Gelechia animoseUa, Walker, C;ital. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 1022 (1864).
*'Male. Silvery white ; slender. Wings narrow : forewings gilded ochraceous
towards the tips, with a black apical point. Palpi smooth, slender, full thrice longer
than the breadth of the head, third joint setiform, very little shorter than the second ;
antennae slender ; hind legs long.
Expanse 4 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA ANGUSTELLA.
Gelechia anguslella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 637 (1864).
" Female. Whitish, smooth, shining. Forewings narrow, acute ; with some
aeneous streaks, two of w^hich are larger than the others; of these one extends
obliquely outward from the exterior costa, and the other is along the apical part of
the costa ; exterior border extremely oblique. Head brownish beneath ; palpi
smooth, slender, a little longer than the breadth of the head ; third joint lanceolate,
shorter than second ; antenna slender, much shorter than the forewings ; abdomen
attenuated.
Expanse 5 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA ALBATELLA.
Gelechia albaiella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. G3G (1864).
"Whitish, shining; slender. Wings rather narrow: forewings slightly acute ;
510 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
speckled with fawn-colour ; exterior border extremely oblique. Palpi smooth,
slender, more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint setiform,
hardly half the length of second ; antennse smooth, slender, vei-y much shorter than
the forewings ; legs smooth, slender, rather short.
Expanse G lines."
Cevlou.
GELECHIA EUCERELLA.
Gelechia cncereUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 636 (1864).
"Male. Cupreous fawn-colour; silvery cinereous beneath. Wings long,
narrow; fringe moderately long : forewings acute; with a cinereous costal streak a
little before three-fourths of the length : exterior border extremely oblique : hiudwiugs
dark cinereous. Palpi smooth, more than twice longer than the breadth of the head,
third joint very slender, as long as second ; autennee long, stout, setose, shorter than
forewings ; legs smooth, rather long and slender.
Expanse 10 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA APTATELLA.
Gelechia aptafella, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 636 (1S64).
"Male. Fawn-colour ; silvery cinereous beneath. Wings rather narrow ; fringe
moderately long : forewings slightly rounded at the tips ; exterior border extremely
oblique : hindwings cinereous. Palpi broad, much longer than the breadth of the
head, second joint squamous beneath, third lanceolate, a little more than half the
length of second ; antennte smooth, rather stout, much shorter than the forewings ;
legs rather stout ; hind tibia3 slightly fringed ; tibiee and tarsi with blackish bands.
Expanse 8 to 9 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA PATULELLA.
Gelechia patiilcUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 635 (1864).
" Male. Hoary ; very stout. Wings rather narrow, slightly acute : forewings
minutely and indistinctly brownish-speckled ; with a few slight irregular cinereous
streaks, a blackish point near the base, a blackish streak in the disc, and two blackish
points near interior angle ; exterior border extremely oblique. Palpi stout, much
longer than the breadth of the head, second joint fringed beneath, third setiform,
with three blackish bands, as long as second ; antennae smooth, rather stout, much
shorter than forewings ; legs smooth, short, stout.
Expanse 7 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA ARCTELLA.
Gelechia Arctilla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B.M. xxix. p. 635 (1864).
"Male. Pale cinereous fawn-colour; slender. Wings long, narrow; fringe
GELECHIIDJE. 511
very long : forewings acute ; tapering from the interior angle to the tips ; exterior
border extremely oblique : hindwings cinereous. Palpi smooth, nearly twice longer
than the breadth of the head, third joint setiform, shorter than second; auteunse
stout ; legs smooth, rather short and slender.
Expanse 5 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA IMMERITELLA.
GeJechia immeritella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 63i (1864).
" ^neous fawn-colour. Wings rather narrow : forewings slightly acute ; with
five whitish oblique elongated costal points ; first point before the middle, second
beyond the middle, third, fourth and fifth approximate, near the tip ; exterior border
slightly convex, rather oblique : hindwings paler. Head iu front silvery cinereous ;
palpi of the usual structure, more than twice longer than the breadth of the head ;
third joint almost as long as second ; legs smooth, slender.
Expanse 5 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA ALIENELLA.
GeJechia alicnella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 634 (1864).
" Male. Pale cinereous ftiwn-colour. Wings moderately broad ; fringe long :
forewings slightly acute, speckled with brown along the costa and along the exterior
border; two blackish points in the disc, one before the middle, the other beyond the
middle ; exterior border very oblique : hindwings cinereous. Palpi longer than
twice the breadth of the head, third joint setiform, rather stout, much shorter than
second ; antenna stout, much shorter than the forewings ; legs smooth, rather long
and stout.
Expanse h\ lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA AMICELLA.
Gelechia amice.Ua, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 634 (1864).
"Male. Cinereous fawn-colour; slender. Wings narrow: forewings acute;
with a large black cinereous-bordered spot on the interior border before the middle,
and a short transverse streak of the same hue in the disc at two-thirds of the length ;
a blackish exterior band, which extends diffusedly to the streak on the inner side,
and is bordered by a slightly undulating cinereous fine on the outer side ; exterior
border very oblique. Palpi more than twice longer than the breadth of the head,
third joint very slender, longer than second; less smooth, rather short and slender;
tarsi with ceneous bands.
Expanse 7 lines."
Cevlon.
512 THE LEPIDOPTEIiA OF CEYLON.
GELECHIA AGNATELLA.
Gch'chia agnatilh, Wiilker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. G33 (1864).
" Female. Cinereous-brown ; cinereous beneath. Wings moderately broad.
Forewings hardly acute, with many oblique parallel darker lines; marginal space
speckled, without lines ; e.x;terior border convex, slightly oblique : liindwings
cinereous. Palpi twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint slender, a
little shorter than the second ; antennae slender, much shorter than the forewings ;
legs smooth, slender.
Expanse 10 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA TETRASPILELLA.
Gdechia tctraspilcUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 633 (1864).
" Male. Very pale fawn-colour. Wings moderately broad : forewings slightly
rounded at the tips ; with two blackish points in the disc, first point before the
middle, a little nearer the costa than the second, which is beyond the middle : hind-
wings a little paler than the forewings. Palpi more than twice longer than the
breadth of the head, second joint very long, slightly tufted above at the tip, third
joint slender, setiform, not more thau half the length of second ; antennee smooth,
much longer than the forewings ; legs smooth, rather short and stout.
Expanse 8 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA CORNUTELLA.
Gehchia cormiteUa. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 632 (1864).
" Male. Slender. Cinereous fawn-colour, paler beneath. Wings long, narrow,
shining : forewings somewhat rounded at the tips; exterior border extremely obhque :
hindwings whitish-cinereous. Palpi more than twice longer than the breadth of the
head, third joint slender, as long as the second ; auteunse smooth, rather thick,
shorter than the forewings ; legs rather long.
Expanse 8 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA STRENUELLA.
Gdechia strcmidla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 632 (18G4).
"Female. Robust. Fawn-colour, cinereous beneath. Wings moderately broad;
fringe rather long : forewings slightly acute ; with four black points at the disc, two
before the middle, and the other two beyond the middle, the third and fourth behind
the first and second ; some black points along the apical part of the costa and
along the exterior border, which is straight and moderately oblique : hindwings
cmereous. Palpi fully twice longer than the breadth of the head, second joint
GELECIIIIDyE. 513
rather broad, tliii-d sctiform, a little shorter tlian the second; antennrc slender,
much shorter than the forewings; legs smooth, rallier short and slender.
Expanse 7 hnes."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA AFFIXELLA.
Gchchm affirella, Walkci-, Catal. Lep. Hc-t. B. M. xxix. p. 632 (1861).
" Female. Fawn-colour, paler beneath. Wings long, moderately broad ; fore-
wings acute, exterior border straight, hardly obhque : hindwings hardly paler than
the forewings. Palpi full twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint very
slender, as long as the second ; antennae slender, much shorter than the forewings ;
legs smooth, long, slender, spurs very long.
Expanse V2 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA DEDUCTELLA.
GelecJnn (ledvdclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. G31 (1864).
"Female. Brown. Forewings without markings, rounded at the tips ; exterior
border almost straight, slightly oblique. Palpi, antennee, pectus, abdomen, legs
cinereous ; hindwings cinereous ; palpi slightly curved, full twice longer than the
breadth of the head, third joint a little longer than the second ; antenna; shorter than
the forewings ; abdomen extending rather beyond the hindwings.
Expanse 7 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA NEGATELLA.
Gelechia nerjatclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 631 (1864).
" Male. Cinereous. Forewings rounded at the tips, exterior half dark cinereous ;
a black patch at the base ; a larger black patch before the middle, abbreviated and
indented towards the interior border ; two exterior black discal dots placed trans-
versely, and a more exterior deeply bent black line, which is bordered with pale
cinereous on the outer side ; four small elongated black marks on the exterior border •
hindwings pale cinereous. Palpi bent, more than twice longer than the Ijreadth of
the head, second joint black on the outer side, except at the tip, third lanceolate, as
long as the second and much more slender ; antennas long, stout ; abdomen extending
rather beyond the hindwings ; hind legs long, stout, their tibiae slightly fi'inged.
Expanse 9 lines."
Ceylon.
GELECHIA SEPOSITELLA.
Gelechia seposHclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. G30 (18(34).
" Male. Cinereous. Wings long, rather narrow ; fringe long. Forewings acute,
black speckled ; with four black dots ; first near the base, second and third in the disc
VOL. III. 3 u
514 THE LEPinOPTFAlA OF CEYLON.
before the middle, third nearer the costa than second, and fnrther from the base,
fourth in the exterior disc ; a row of Wack points extending along the apical part of
the costa and along the fore part of the exterior border, which is extremely oblique :
hindwings pale asneons-cinereous. Head a,nd fore part of thorax pale yellow ; palpi
pale yellow, partly black, nmch longer than the breadth of the head, second joint
squamous, third setiform, as long as the second ; antennas minutely serrated, much
shorter than the forewings ; hind tibias fringed ; anterior tibiae and tarsi Eeneous-
brown ; tibiii3 with a pale band and pale tips; joints of the tarsi with pale tips.
Expanse 12 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus ERETMOCERA.
Erctmocei-a, Zeller, Iliiml. Ko;'g. Svensk. Vetens. AkaiL, 18-j2, p. S8.
ERETMOCERA IMPACTELLA (Plate 209, Fig. 10).
Gelerhia impactella. Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 637 (1864).
"Male. Dark cupreous ; slender; whitish beneath. Palpi slender, nuich longer
than the breadth of the head ; third joint setiform, a little shorter tlian the second ;
antennas smooth, rather stout ; abdomen luteous, dark cupreous towards the base and
tlie tip. AVings naiTOW, acute ; fringe long. .Forewings with a whitLsh streak along
the base of the interior border, and with three whitish elongated spots ; the first spot
in the disk below the middle, second on the interior border beyond the middle, third
costal, nearer the tip ; exterior liorder very oblique.
Expanse 9 lines."
Ceylon. The type was received from North India. It is also recorded from
Dharmsala, Punjab.
Genus ONE BALA.
Oiichala, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 792 (1SG4).
" Male. Wings long, acute, rather narrow ; costa very slightly convex for half
the length from the base ; exterior border slightly oblique, indistinctly excavated.
Hindwings with the exterior border slightly excava.ted towards the tip ; fringe very
long towards the interior angle. Body smooth, rather slender ; head subquadrate
above ; proboscis rather long ; palpi smooth, very long, rcflexed high above the head,
second joint curved, much compressed, third setiform, slightly curved, longer than
second ; antennas smooth, slender, as long as the forewings ; abdomen extending rather
beyond the hindwings, apical tuft small ; legs smooth, slender, hind tibi;-e long, stout,
pubescent, spurs very long. Allied to GrJeeliia.''
ONEBALA BLANDIELLA.
Onehala hJmidieUa, AValker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 792 (1864).
" Male. Fawn-colour, with a slight cinereous tinge. Wings Avith a maro-inal
GELECHlIDyE. 315
brown line ; fringe cinereous, interlined with brownish : forewings with slight metalhc-
gi'een reflections ; a large oblong dark brown cinereous-bordered spot in the disc-
before the middle; a very large exterior triaagalar dark brown cinereous-bordered
spot, which has its base on the costa and cxtcmls to the interior angle : hindwings
slightly gilded. Abdomen gilded.
Expanse 8 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus GAPHARA.
Gaphara, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 794 (1864).
" Male. Wings stout, rather narrow. Forewings rounded at the tips ; costa
and exterior border hardly convex, the latter very oblique ; veins much like those of
Depressarui in structure. Body moderately stout ; front broad ; proboscis obsolete ;
palpi stout, erect, not pilose, rising as high as the vertex, second joint slightly curved,
third lanceolate, a little shorter and much more sleuder than the second ; antennae
robust, smooth ; abdomen extending much beyond the hindwings, apical tuft small;
legs smooth ; hind legs long and stout, spurs very long. Allied to Gelechia."
GAPHARA RECITATELLA.
Gaphara recitateUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 704 (U'ti4).
" Male. Cinereous-brown, hardly paler beneath. Wings with a cinereous
marginal line : forewings with three indistinct blackish bands, each composed of three
spots, second band more distinct than the others towards the costa ; a blackish costal
spot between the first l)and and the base. Head in front and palpi pale cinereous.
Expanse G lines."
Ceylon.
Genus FICULEA.
Ficuka, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 794 (1864).
"Male. AYings narrow; fringe long. Forewings rounded at the tips; costa
straight, exterior border slightly convex, extremely oblique ; veins much like those of
Gelechia. Body slender ; proboscis very short ; palpi smooth, ascending, slightly
curved, more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, second joint much com-
pressed, third setiform, as long as the second; antennae very minutely semated and
pubescent; abdomen extending much beyond the hiudwings, apical tuft rather small ;
legs smooth, slender ; hind tibi^ long, fringed, rather stout, spurs long. Alhed to
GelecMa"
FICULEA BLANDULELLA.
Fmilea hlandulella, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xxix. p. 795 (1864).
" Male. Luteous. Forewings with two dark cupreous-brown slightly silvery-
bordered bands ; first band very much dilated hindward, second marginal, dentate on
•516 THE LEPIDOPTEBA OF CEYLON.
its inner side, nearly connected with the second on tlie interior border. Head and
palpi whitish ; abdomen brown above and at the tip ; legs cinereous ; anterior tibiae
and tarsi brown ; hind til)i;e and tarsi with brown bauds.
Expanse G lines."
Ceylon.
Genus ANARSIA.
Anarsin, Zeller, Isis (1839), p. 190; Staiutoii, lus. Brit. Lep. Tiueina, p. 143 (1854).
ANAESIA (?) MONETELLA.
Anarsiii {?) monetdln, Felder et Eogen. Novara Voy. Lep. v. pi. 139, fig. 19 (lS7o).
Palebrownish-ochreous. Forewing with a nearly medial transverse slender black
slightly excurved line, two slender short duplex longitudinal discal divergent streaks,
and five similar longer exterior streaks : hindvsdng paler towards the base.
Expanse to inch.
Ceylon.
Genus FRISILIA.
FnsHia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi.K. p. 795 (18G4).
" Male. Forewiugs acute, rather broad ; exterior border slightly oblique, hardly
concave. Body rather slender ; head Avith two porrect tufts.; proboscis of moderate
length ; palpi curved, ascending, about four times longer than the breadth of the head,
second joint broadly fringed, third setiform, hardly shorter than the second ; antennge
stout, squamous-serrated, much longer than the forewings ; abdomen extending beyond
the hindwings ; legs slender."
FRISILIA NESCIATELLA.
Frisilia nesciatella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 796 (1864).
" Male. Testaceous. Wino-s with a slight brown line along the exterior border :
forewings minutely speckled with brown ; two black discal points, one before the
middle, the other beyond the middle. Abdomen, legs, and underside cinereous.
Expanse 6 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus TIPHA.
Tiplw, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 798 (1864).
" Male. Wings elongate, moderately broad : forewing rounded at the tips ;
costa very slightly convex for half the length from the base ; exterior margin convex,
moderately oblique. Body smooth, ratlier robust ; proboscis moderately long ; palpi
smooth, slender, ascending, about twice longer than breadth of the head ; second joint
much curved, third lanceolate, slightly curved, half length of the second ; antennfe
smooth, a little longer than forewings, slightly and gradually incrassated at one-fourth
GELECHIIDJE. 517
its length ; legs smooth, leather stout; tibiaa with a short squamous fringe ; spurs very
long ; hind femora thinly clothed with long hairs."
TIPHA IRRORELLA, Walsiiigham (Plate 209, Fig. 9, i).
Head, palpi, and antennaa pale ochreous. Thorax and forewiugs creamy-white,
profusely sprinkled with purple scales ; the bnse of the costal margin and the outei-
third of the wing are more thickly covered than the remainder of the wing, so that
the ground colour is partially obliterated ; a narrow orange-ochreous border runs
around the apex and apical margin at the base of the purplish-grey fringes. Hind-
wdngs grey, with pale ochreous fringes tipped with shining grey. Posterior tibiiB
tufted with whitish-grey, and de:>p purplish-brown scales ; abdomen greyisli-ochreous.
Expanse 17.V mnjs.
Ceylon.
TIPHA TINCTELLA, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 11).
Head smooth, ochreous ; palpi tinged with purplish-brown externally, long, re-
curved, slender, the second joint with closely appressed scales, third joint as long as
the second, very slender and acute ; antennae simple, pale ochreous, with elongate
basal joint, not tufted ; thorax pale ochreous, purplish-brown at the sides. Forewings
bright ochreous, the costal margin broadly smeared with ]iurplish-brown to within
one-third of the apex; a small patch of raised scales of the same colour on the dorsal
margin near the base; the dorsal margin is shaded beyond the middle with purplish-
brown, but this does not reach beyond the anal angle ; fringes bright ochreous at the
base, outwardly purplish-grey, the two colours being separated by a slender dark
brown line. Hindwings brownish-grey, with pale ochreous fringes, tipped with shin-
ing grey. Posterior legs pale ochreous, sprinkled with purple metallic scales,
conspicuous ochreous tufts above the first pair of spurs, mingled with a few bright
purple scales.
Expanse of wings 21 mms.
Ceylon.
Genus DECUARIA.
Dccvarin, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. JI. xxix. p. 797 (18G4).
"Male. Wings long: forewings narrow, rounded at the tips; costa straight,
exterior border slightly convex, very oblique; veins with the usual structure. Body
rather stout ; proboscis moderately long ; palpi smooth, slender, very long, much com-
pressed, rising high above the head, third joint setiform, as long as the second ; antennae
longer than the forewings, joints elongate, cyathiform ; abdomen extending much
beyond the hindwings ; legs smooth, hind legs especially long ; spurs very long. Allied
to Gelcrhia."
r)18 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
DECUARIA MENDICELLA.
Becuaria mendkella. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 797 (1864).
" Male. Piirplisli-ln-own. Forewings with several gilded longitudinal streaks :
bindwings gilded-cinereous. Palpi and pectus whitish. Abdomen whitish along the
liind borders of the segments and beneath; legs cinereous, tibias and fore femora with
purplish-brown bands.
Expanse 9 lines."
Cejlon.
Genus G^SA.
Gasa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 803 (1864).
" Male. Wings stout, moderately broad : forewings hardly acute; costa straight,
exterior border hardly convex, moderately oblique ; veins much like those of
Depressaria in structure. Body stout; proboscis distinct; palpi very long, second
joint stout, fringed, porrect, longer than the breadth of the head, with a lanceolate
apical tuft, which projects much beyond the insertion of the third joint ; third joint
setaceous, curved, a little longer than second, ascending high above the vertex ;
antennas smooth, very slender, minutely nodose, shorter than the forewings; abdomen
extending more than half beyond hindwings, apical tuft elongate, slightly compressed ;
legs smooth, moderately long and stout; spurs very long. Allied to SujjJtronia.'"
G-SSA DECUSELLA.
Gd-sn decuseUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 804 (1S64).
" Male. Cinereous-brown ; fringe cinereous, except at the base. Forewings with
a very slight purplish-tinge, speckled with dark brown : hindwings with a slight
ajueous tinge.
Expanse 8 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus STROBISIA, Clemens.
STEOBISIA AURAKTIACA, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 6).
Head dark grey; palpi cinereous, the apical joint very long and slender, acutely
pointed ; antenuEe cinereous, spotted above with fuscous. Forewings bright orange-
red ; a slender metallic streak, varying according to light from steel-blue to bright
green, extends from the base along the costa rather more than one-third the length
of the wing, whence it diverges obliquely downwards and terminates on the discal
cell ; its costal angle is followed by a short black oblique costal streak, and this again
is ibllowed after a rather wider interval by a bright steel-blue spot, beneath which is
a still larger spot of the same colour reaching nearly to the dorsal margin, both edged
with black scales ; beneath the lirst costal metallic streak is a similar streak also from
the base, running along the fold to its middle, and below this again, near the dorsal
margin, are a few similar steel-blue metallic scales; beyond the outer spots the whole
GELECHIIDJE. 519
apical portion of the Aviiig is docp brown, illiiniinat(>(l h\ one snbcostal and three siib-
apical metallic blue spots; frino-es sliinino- iridescent steel-grey. Hindwings and
fringes brown. Legs bi'own, with pale si)ots at the tarsal joints.
Expanse of wings 10 mms.
Ceylon.
This species appears to agree with the X. American genus StroLLsia. The
only difference noticeable being that the Cingalese form has the apical margin of the
forewings slightly indented below the apex instead of being almost convex.
Genus CRYPTOLECHIA.
Criiptolerliia, Zeller (IlaiuUiiigar Kong. Svfiisk. Vetens. Akad., lS.")-2, p. 106).
CRYPTOLECHIA SPILOTELLA.
Cryptolt'dila spilotclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xxix. p. 746 (1804).
" Male. Brown. Wings broad, witli a yellowish marginal line : forewings slightly
rounded at the tips ; with two deep black patches in the disc ; first patch near the
base, larger than the second, which is transverse and beyond the middle; exterior
border straight, hardly oblique : hindwings brownish-cinereous. Second joint of the
palpi squamous ; antennas setulose ; abdomen extending rather beyond the hindwings,
hind borders of the segments cinereous, apical tuft quadrate ; legs squamous, rather
long and stout.
Expanse 12 lines."
Ceylon.
CRYPTOLECHIA INTERMEDIA.
Cri/ptolechiu iiiterinedia, Feldei- et Eogen. Novara Voy. Lep, v. pi. 139, fig. 13 (15*75) ^.
Forewing red, the veins along the costa with silvery tips : hindwing paler, with
the base dusky. Thorax red, abdomen paler.
Expanse 1 inch.
Ceylon.
CaYPTOLECHIA DILUTICORNIS Walsiugham (Plate 209,Fig. 7).
Head, brownish-grey, Avith a lilac tinge, subochreous at the sides ; palpi pale
ochreous, tinged -with brownish-grey externally on the second joint ; antennre very
pale ochreous. Thorax and forewings brownish-grey with a lilac tinge. Forewiucs
of the same colour throughout, with the exception of a few ochreous scales at the
extreme base below tlie costa, and three deep brown spots, the one adjacent to the
pale patch at the base, the second slightly above the middle of the wing about one-
third from the base, the third at the end of the discal cell, the latter being the most
conspicuous of the three. Hindwings and fringes pale cinereous. Abdomen cinereous ;
legs pale cinereous with an ochreous tinge.
Expanse of wings 18 mms.
Ceylon.
520 THE LEPIDOFTERA OF CEYLON.
This and the following species would be properly included in the Crypto-
lechiad^ of Meyrick, but their neuration does not agree with that of the typical
Cryptolechia of Zeller. Veins G and 7 of the hindwings are joined at the base, not
sei)arate or parallel ; veins 2 and 3 of the forewings are from a common stem, as are
also 7 and S. Many species having similar venation were subsequently included in
the revision of the genus.
CRYPTOLECHIA TRIPUSTULATA, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 8).
Head dull brown ; antennas setaceous, pale cinereous ; palpi dull brown. Fore-
wings dull brown, tinged in places with faint ochreous ; a small deep brown spot near
the base, aliove the middle of the wing a large and conspicuous dark brown, almost
black patch beyond and below it, reaches to the dorsal margin, and is followed by a
smaller patch of the same colour, occupying the end of the cell ; these are all narrowly
and irregularly margined with faint ochreous. On the outer foui'tli of the costal
margin is a pale ochreous patch, with a faint trace of a similar marking opposite to it
on the dorsal margin ; fringes grey, pale ochreous along their base. Hindwings and
fringes pale cinereous. Abdomen the same, with ferruginous bands across the upper
side of each segment.
Espanse of wings 17 mms.
Ceylon.
Genus DAVENDRA,
Forewing elongate, rectangular at the tips ; costa very slightly arched, apex
obtuse, exterior margin erect ; cilia short ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal
at half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, third and fourth fi'om end of cell,
fourth bifid ; discocellular outwardly-obhque, slender, radials near upper and lower
end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-seventh before the end ; sub-
median witli a lower l_n-anch at one-fourth from the base : hindwing moderately short
ami narrow, apex convex, cell fully half the length; two subcostals at half beyond
the cell ; discocellular slender, bent below the middle, radial from the angle ; middle
median near end of cell, lower at about one-fifth. Body moderately stout, extending
f)ne-third beyond the hindwings, laxly clothed with broad scales ; eyes large ; palpi
long, narrow, curved upward, tips approximated, second joint reaching above the
vertex, widened at the tip on the inner side, squamous, third joint slender, pointed,
about one-third the length of second; antenna^ biciliated to the tip in male ; legs
robust, middle and hind tibiae hirsute, spurs long and slender.
Tijpe, D. Mackwoodii.
DAVENDRA MACKWOODII (Plate 211, Fig. 13, q ).
Forewing ochreous-yellow ; with an interrupted basal, and a very broad irregular-
shaped medial pale violet-brown band, beyond which is a contiguous incurved sub-
GELECHIIDJE. 521
marginal series of almost confluent longitudinal streaks followed by a marginal series;
tbe medial band wavy on its inner edge and broadly bilobed across the disc on its
outer edge, its area being marked with a yellow streak at end of the cell and an outer
series of spots curving from the costa: bindwing pale violet-brown ; cilia edged with
ochreous. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above ochreous-yellow ; tip of femora and
band on fore tibia violet-brown ; abdomen, and band on thorax also violet-brown.
Expanse, <? to, ? tu inch.
Ceylon. From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Genus GERONTHA.
Gerontha, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xxix. p. 782 (1864).
" Female. Wings long and narrow. Forewings rounded at tlie tips ; exterior
border convex, very oblique ; discal areolet long ; three inferior veins, the second
forked. Body rather slender; head broad, prominent, pilose in front; eyes very
prominent ; proboscis very short ; palpi as long as the breadth of the head, second
joint thickly hirsute, third squamous, lanceolate, nearly erect, about half the length
of second, with which it forms an angle; antennas smooth, rather stout, somewhat
shorter than the forewings ; abdomen extending very far beyond the hindwings ; legs
long, rather stout ; middle tibiffi pilose ; hind tibia? slightly pilose, with four long
spurs."
GERONTHA CAPTIOSELLA.
Gerontha captiosella. Walker, Catul. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 782 (1864).
" Female. Brownish-cinereous. Forewings speckled with brown ; a small
blackish mark at end of the discal areolet ; marginal points black. Second joint of
the palpi beset with stout black hairs ; hind tibiaj clothed with black hairs.
" Expanse 1-1 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus TIMYRA.
Tmyra, Wa'.ker, Cafal. Lep. Hct. B. M. xxix. p. 782 (1864), $.
Uipfit, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 828 (1864), ? .
Male and female. Wings elongate, moderately broad : forewings rounded at
the tips, exterior border slightly convex, moderately oblique ; veins much like those
of Dcpressarla. Body rather stoxit ; proboscis moderately long; palpi curved,
ascending high above the vertex, pubescent, thinly clothed with long hairs in the
male, squamous in the female, twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint
lanceolate in male, subulate in female, shorter than second ; antenna) submoniliform,
basal joint with a broad tuft of hairs in front ; abdomen extending beyond the hind-
wings ; legs broad, tibiaj and tip of hind tarsi densely fringed in male, less so in
female. Spurs long.
VOL. [II. ^ ^
522 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
TIMYRA PHYCISELLA.
Thnyraphyci sella, Walker, Catal. L:p. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 783 (1S64), S-
Uipsa Perimulla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xxix. p. 828 (18(Ji), ?.
Male and female. Cinereous-yellowisli. Forewings with three cupreous bands ;
first band basal, second and third very broad, second contracted towards the costa,
irregularly connected with the third, which is submarginal; marginal line dark
cupreous; fringe cupreous, cinereous at the base. Head and palpi cupreous;
antennjB testaceous ; tibia? mostly cupreous, fringed with cupreous hairs ; hind tarsi
cupreous, with cupreous hairs towards the tips.
Expanse 1 inch.
Ceylon.
TIMYRA CINGALENSIS, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 12).
Head with erect mixed subochreous and purplish scales above the eyes ; face
smooth ; antennsB ochreous, with conspicuous tufts on the basal joint beneath, these
are greyish with a slight purplish tinge ; palpi very long, much recurved, the apical
joint acutely pointed, the second joint somewhat flattened with long hair-like scales
above and beneath. Forewings pale straw-white, with a small tuft of raised purplish
scales below the costal margin near the base, above and connected Avith Avhich an
attenuated purphsh shade extends from the base nearly to the middle of the wing ;
immediately beyond the middle is a purplish straight band, or fascia, divided into
two parts by a slender yellow line from costal to dorsal margin ; from this fascia a
yellow line extends around the costal and apical margin to the anal angle, followed
by a deep brown line of equal width, at the base of the purplish-grey fringes ; within
the apical margin a space above the anal angle is much sprinkled with purplish-grey
scales. Hindwings ochreous, shaded with purplish-grey along the outer margin and
near the abdominal angle; fringes pale ochreous. Hind tibijB with large tufts of
mixed iridescent purplish and ochreous scales, erect above the first pair of spurs ; the
tarsal joints and spurs ochreous smeared with purple.
Expanse of wings 27 mms.
Ceylon.
Genus TIPASA.
Tipnsa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 804 (1864).
" j\Iale. Wings rather narrow ; friuge long : forewings acute ; costa and
exterior border nearly straight, the latter moderately oblique. Body hardly stout ;
proboscis moderately long ; palpi long, second joint porrect, densely fringed, much
longer than the breadth of the head, third joint vertical, smooth, setiform, slightly
curved, nearly as long as second ; anteuuEe stout, as long as the forewings, joints
subcyathiform, with acute fore angles ; abdomen extending much beyond the hind-
GELEClllWJE. 523
wings, apical tuft very small ; legs stout, smooth ; liiutl tibite sliglitly fringed ; spurs
very long. Allied to Harpella."
TIPASA BASALIELLA.
Tipasa baui/iclla, WalkcT, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 805 (1864').
" Male. Fawn-colour. Forewiugs minutely speckled with black : hindwings,
cinereous. Head, tliorax, and base of the forewings blackish-chalybeous ; abdomen
cinereous.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus GASMARA.
Gasmara, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 1039 (1864).
" Female. Forewings rounded at the tips ; exterior border excavated. Body
slender; palpi curved, four times longer than the breadth of the head; third joint
longer than the second ; antennas a little shorter than the forewings ; abdomen
extending somewhat beyond the hindwings. Allied to JEcopliora.'"
GASMAEA CffiLATELLA.
Gasmara calaieUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 1040 (1864).
" Female. Cinereous. Wings with a whitish marginal line. Forewings pur-
plish, with two transverse whitish costal streaks, and with a whitish discal ringlet ;
two whitish dots, the interior one near the interior border, the exterior one con-
tiguous to the interior border.
" Expanse 8 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus GARGELA.
Gargela, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. E. M. xxix. p. 815 (1864).
" Male. Wings modei-ately broad. Forewings rectangular at the tips ;
exterior border nearly straight, hardly oblique. Body smooth, rather slender ;
proboscis distinct ; palpi smooth, slender, obliquely ascending, not longer than the
breadth of the head ; third joint lanceolate, much shorter than second ; antenna;}
hardly pubescent ; legs smooth, short, slender; spurs long. Allied to Mcophora."
GARGELA SUBPURELLA.
Gargela subpurella. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 815 (1864).
" Male. Pure white, shining. Forewings with two outward-curved pale-
brownish transverse lines ; first line beyond the middle, more curved than the
3x2
524 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
second ; a I'ow of gilded streaks between the second line and tlie exterior border ; a
black point near the interior angle ; a dark brown line on the forepart of the exterior
border.
" Expanse 6 lines."
Ceylon.
Family GLYPHIPTERYGID^.
" Forewings oblong or elongate : hiudwings ovate or lanceolate. Head
generally smooth ; maxillaiy palpi very short, rarely perceptible.
" Flight diurnal; delighting to fly in the hot sunshine.
" Larva with 16 legs, or apodal."- — (Stainton.)
Genus GLYPHIPTERYX.
Glyphipterix, Hiibner, Verz. p. 421 (1825-7).
Glyphiptcriix, Stainton, Ins. Brit. Tiueina, p. 173 (1854).
GLYPHIPTERYX SCITULELLA.
Glyphnpteryx scitidella. Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xsx. p. 839 (1864).
"Female. Bright ochraceous ; stout; metallic-green beneath. Forewings
deep black, varied with blue and purple for full one-third the length from the tips ;
a subcostal metallic-green streak extending nearly to a transverse line of the same
hue, "which is black-bordered on the outer side, and is nearly parallel to another
transverse line, the latter bordering the black part : hindwings purplish. Palpi
short, decumbent ; antennas asneous, rather thick ; abdomen aeneous, short, tapering
legs rather slender ; spurs moderately long.
" Expanse 8 lines."
Ceylon.
GLYPHIPTERYX APPARITELLA.
Ol!iphiii>hru.v apparitcUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 839 (1864).
" yEneous. Slender. Wings very narrow; fringe long. Forewings with a
broad gilded band beyond the middle. Antennas very slender, a little shorter tlian
the forewings ; legs slender ; spurs long.
" Expanse G lines."
Cevlon.
Family GRACILARIIDiE.
Forewings elongate ; hindwings lanceolate, ciHa long. Head smooth or rouo-h ;
GRACILARIIDyE. 525
antennas as long- as the forewings; labial palpi slender, terminal joint acuminate;
maxillary palpi rather long, filiform. In repose, the species of this family sit on the
base of the abdomen, having the head raised fi'ora the surface, the anterior pair of
legs being put forward, the middle pair rather stretched outward sideways, and the
posterior pair placed close beside the abdomen.
" Larva with 14 legs ; mining or rolling up leaves."— (Siai/iiow.)
Genus GRACILARIA.
Gracillaria, Haworth, Lep. Brit. p. 527 (1829) ; Curtis, Brit. Eiit. fol. 479 (1833) ; Stepli., Ilhist.
Haust. iv. p. 3G2 (1835) ; Duponchel, Catal. p. 371 (1844).
Gracilaria, Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 208 ; id. Linn. Eat. ii. p. 312 (1847).
GRACILARIA COFFEIFOLIELLA.
Gradlaria Coffeifoliella, Nietner, Observations on the Enemies of tlie Coffee-tree in Ceylon, p. 24
(1861).
" Blackish above. Wings with a few silvery spots. Greyish beneath.
" Expanse 2 lines."
Ceylon. — (Nietner.)
" The larva mines the leaves of the coffee-tree, and the ugly white lines and
blotches so frequentlj-. — and at all seasons — seen upon the leaves are its work. The
larva is 2^ lines long, yellow, flat, naked, imdulated at the sides, tapering towards
either extremity ; eye and footless ; head brown, pointed at the extremity ; and one
half retractile; it is furnished near the extremity with two. antennal appendages,
each with three hairs at the tip ; the jaws are large and quite free at the extremity
of the head, moving between two large reniform lips, which gives the head a curious
appearance ; the penultimate segment is the smallest and is furnished with two
spurs pointed outwards. Pupa If hues long, blackish in the middle, and yellow at
the extremities ; the head finishes in one and the tail in two spines; antennas and
feet are free at the extremity. It rests for a short time under the epidermis in a
sort of cradle." — {Nietner.)
Family ELACHISTIDiE.
"Forewings oblong or elongate : hindwings lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.
Head generally smooth ; labial palpi slender, filiform, mostly recurved and pointed.
In repose, most of the genera sit closely appressed to the surface on which they rest.
Flies mostly at dusk, but sometimes in little swarms in the afternoon.
" Larva with 16 legs ; mostly mining in leaves." — {Stainton.)
626 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Genus OPOGONA.
Opogona, Zoller, Ball. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 18.33, p. 504.
OPOGONA FUMICEPS.
Opoijoiw fuiniccpx, Fekler et Rdgeuh. Koviira Voy. Lep. v. pi. 139, fig. 8 (1875).
Pale yellow. Forewings with the outer half, except a triangular costal spot,
fuliginous-brown. Cilia of both wings fuliginous-brown. Head blackish.
Expanse -j^j- incli.
Ceylon. — {Nietner.)
Family LYONETIDiE.
" Forewings narrow, often caudulate ; hindwings lanceolate. Head generally
smooth ; labial palpi short, drooping, sometimes absent ; antennas longer than half
the forewing, the basal joint expanded into an eye-cap.
" Larva with 16 legs ; mo.stly mining leaves." — (Stainton.)
Genus CACHURA.
Cachiira, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 918 (I8<i4).
" Male and female. Wings narrow ; fringe rather long. Forewings slightly
acute ; costa straight ; exterior l^order extremely oblique. Body stout, flat, smooth,
squamous ; head broad ; proboscis short ; palpi smooth, decumbent, hardly longer
tlian half the breadth of the head, third joint elongate-conical, shorter than the
second ; antennae smooth, rather stout, very much shorter than the forewings ; first
joint thick; legs short, stout, smooth ; coxa3 especially dilated ; spurs long; joints
of the hind tarsi with small apical tufts of bristles."
CACHURA OBJECTELLA.
Cackura objectella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 918 (1864).
"Male and female. Purplish-cinereous. Forewings with a broad straight
upright gilded yellow band before the middle. Body beneath gilded-cinereous and
shining.
" Expanse 5 lines."
Ceylon.
Family PTEROPHOEIDJE.
" Forewings slightly or deeply cleft ; hindwings split almost in their entire
length into three distinct feathers.
PTEnOPI/ORIDyS. 527
" Larva witli 16 legs, ratlier liniry. They form no cocoon, but fasten them-
selves by the tail to a leaf or stem, shedding the skin and appearing in the pupa state.
Some of the pupsB are nearly as hairy as the larvae, others are quite naked. Feeds
on low plants." — (Sfainiou.)
Genus AMBLYPTILIA.
Aiiihhjptilia, Huliner, Verz. p. 430 (182.J-7).
AMBLYPTILIA ARGYRIODACTYLA (Plate 209, Fro. 13).
Plaiyptilus aryi/Hoilactyliis, Wiilker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 929 (18C4).
" Male. Dark ferruginous, with a cupreous tinge. Palpi smooth, third joint
long, linear; abdomen with small black tufts along each side, and with three dorsal
triangular spots ; legs silvery-cinereous ; tarsi and anterior tibiae with silvery rings ;
hind tibia? with a tuft of black hairs at the base of each pair of spurs, which are very
long. Forewings with minute transverse cinereous streaks, with three blackish spots,
and with a blackish marginal band ; first spot on the interior border at one-fourth of
the length, second on the costa before the middle, third on the costa beyond two-
thirds of the length ; submarginal line whitish, oblique ; two black squamous tufts
on the interior border ; fringe whitish, with sub-quadrate black .dots. Fore plume
of the hindwings widening from the base to the tip ; middle plume narrower towards
the tip ; hind plume very narrow, with a black squamous tuft on the hind border near
the tip.
" Expanse 12 lines."
Ceylon.
AMBLYPTILIA TAPROBANES.
Amhh/ptiJia taprohaves, Fekler et Kogeuh. Novara Voy. L-p. v. pi. 140, f. 54 (1875).
Lilacine-brown. Forewings with three black apical spots, triangularly disposed,
two being on the costa, the other on the lower plume midway between them, the
costal interspace Ijeing yellow ; the fringe black spotted : hindwing with the fringe
at end of the plumes blackish.
Expanse yV inch.
Ceylon.
Described from the figure quoted above. It may probably be the same as the
preceding species.
Genus LEIOPTILUS.
Lcwyiiha, Wallengren, Vet. Akad. Handl. iii. (F.) p. 21 (I860;.
LEIOPTILUS SERINDIBANUS (Plate 209, Fig. 14).
Brownish ochreous-white ; the end- of the plumes more brown : forewing with
528 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
a few scattered darker brown scales below middle of the cell, and a cluster at, and
above base of the cleft; some brown costal jioints near tlie apex of upper plume and
a point on its lower edge also near the apex; lower plume with an apical point.
Plumes of hindwing with minute brown scattered scales. Fore femora and tibia
brown ; basil joint of antenna^ tipt with brown on its inner side.
Expanse tV inch.
Ceylon.
Allied to L. Lienigianus.
Genus OXYPTILUS.
O.ri/ptilus, Zeller, Isis, 1841, p. TGo.
OXYPTILUS ANIS0DACTYLU3.
0.r//ptlhis anisodnctijliis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 934 (1864).
" Male and female. Dull pale ochraceous. Forewings with two indistinct
darker bands, a whitish subcostal dot at one-third of the length, and a larger and
more distinct whitish costal dot at two-thirds the length ; a whitish oblique
submargiual line. Hind plume of the hindwings fringed with black for one-fourth
of the length near the tip. Hind tibite blackish about the base of the spurs.
" Expanse 10 lines."
Ceylon.
Genus PTEROPHORUS.
Pteronhorus, Geoffroy, Hist. lus. p. 90 (1762) ; Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 671 (177.5) ; Eetzius, De Geer's,
Ins. pp. 8 and 35 (1783) ; Foiircroy, Lep. Tavis, ii. p. 256(178.5) ; Latreille, Hist. Nat. xiv. p. 257
(180.5) ; Curtis, Brit. Ent. f'ol. 161 (1827) ; Stephens, 111. Hanst. iv. p. 370 (1835) ; Zeller, Isis,
1841, p. 764.
PTEROPHORUS LEUCADACTYLUS (Plate 209, Fig. 15).
AciptiJus Icucadactijhis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 949 (1864).
Silvery-white. Forewings with two small dark-brown dots near the costal
margin of the first lobe ; the first dot at about one-third from the apex, the second
half-way between this and the apex itself ; immediately beyond the latter is a third
minute dot at the base of the fringes in the hinder margin of the lobe ; a correspond-
ing dot lying on the hinder margin of the second lobe.
Expanse 1 inch.
Distinguishable from 1'. pcntadactulns by the forewings being narrower at the
base.
PTEROPHORUS OXYDACIYLUS (Plate 209, Fio. 16).
Pternphortis o.ri/'lKclf/his, Walkei', Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 944 (1864).
" ]\Iale and female. Pale ochraceous-fawn colour. Forewings narrow, very
APPENDIX. 529
acute ; with a blackish costal point at a little before the middle ; co&ta sometimes
slightly and interruptedly brownish-tinged : hindwings cinereous. Hind tibite with
a black ring at the base of each pair of spurs.
" Expanse 10 to 12 hues."
Ceylon.
December 24th, 1886.
APPENDIX.
The Author cannot refrain from the opportunity of here expressing his grateful
thanks to Mr. F. M. Mackwood, of Colombo, for the very many specimens which he
has so kindly forwarded to him during the progress of the present work. The
remaining portion of these are described in the following appendix.
Our thanks are also due to Mr. E. Ernest Green for specimens, drawings, and
notes. The collection of the late Dr. Thwaites having been brought to England for
disposal, many interesting species have been added therefrom .
Sub ramily SATYEINJE.
LETHE NEELGHERRIENSIS.
Lethe rieeltjlterrievsis (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 16).
The larva of this species is figured on Plate 210, fig. 4, from drawing made by
Mr. E. Ernest Green.
LETHE DRYPETES.
Lethe DrijjMtes (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 17).
The larva of this species is figured on Plate 210, fig. 5, from drawing made by
Mr. E. Ernest Green.
Sub-ramily NYMPHALINiE.
Genus EUTHALIA (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p.31).
EUTHALIA PUSEDA.
Adolias Pmeda, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E.I.C. i. p. 191 (18')7) ; Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd ser. v, p. 71,
pi. 6, f. 5 (1859), ? ; Felder, Wien. Ent. Monat. iii. p. 400.
Euthalia Pusecia, Distant, Rhop. Malayana, p. 125, pi. 18, f. 8, ? .
Male. Upperside very dark violet-brown. Forewing with a narrow outer
marginal cobalt-blue band: hindwing with a broad marginal cobalt-blue band;
marginal line black ; cilia white, cell marks black.
VOL. in. 3 Y
530
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOX.
Female. Upperside pale violaceous-brown. Forewing with black cell-liues anri
marks below tlic cell ; a transverse discal broad band of irregular-sliaped purplish
hyaline-white spots, each spot acutely concave on its outer margin ; also a submar-
ginal row of ill-defined whitish dentate spots : hindwing with two curved discal rows
of indistinct wiute dentate spots bordered with parallel inner darker brown dentate
marks ; cell marks indistinct.
Expanse, <S 2\, ? 2J inches.
Ceylon. In Coll. British Museum.
Family LYCiENIDiE.
NACADUBA ARDATES.
Nacadiiha Ardates (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 90).
Mr. E. E. Green informs me, in a letter dated July 19th, 1S8G, that "the
tailless form of N. Ardates differs distinctly in its habits from the taibd form,
sporting about in large clouds round the Madras-thorn trees in Colo.nbo. The
specimens of Anhifi's that I catch up-country are never seen but singly or in pairs,
and have a more hesitating fliglit. In all my specimens the sinuous white lines on
the underside are very much broader and more distinct than those of Ardates. The
female also differs in having a very much smaller area of blue on the forewing,
in some specimens the colouring being confined to 3 or 4 blue scales alone. Ardates
is on the wing, up-country, during most months of the year. I have only been
in Colombo during the spring months, when I caught this tailless form, so that I
am unable to speak positively of its period of flight."
Genus APHN^US (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 105).
APHN.5:U3 NUBILTJS (Plate 210, Fig. 1, la h, S ?).
Nearest to A. lazularhi. Male and female smaller. Upperside paler, the basal
area and hindwing of a duller blue in the male, iron-grey in the female ; anal lobes
reddish-brown with ill-defined black spots. Underside of male ochreous, more red
in the female ; bands not prominent, reddish, narrower, similarly disposed except
the short upper discal band on the forewing being composed of two well-separated
portions, the marginal line composed of indistinct narrow points, and the second
subbasal band on the hindwing being composed of three short separated portions,
the lowest not extending to the end of the middle band.
EKpanse c ? ItV inch.
Ceylon. "Wattegama; May " (3/flc/.-H-oo(/).
APPENDIX. 531
Genus HYPOLYCvENA (FeKUn).
HYPOLYC^NA NILGIRICA (Platk 210, Fig. :?, 3a i, c? ? )•
Htipolycaim NU<j!rira, Moore, Pioc. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. ')27, pi. 49, fig. 8, ^J.
Male. Upperside reddish-brown : forewing dusky olivaceous-brown along- the
costal border : hindwing with three subanal marginal black spots surmounted by
red lunules, and a white-bordered black anal-lobe spot; cilia edged with white.
Underside greyish-white : forewing with a very indistinct blackish discocelhihir
lunule, a submarginal Innular line with the upper end composed of double luiiules,
and a marginal luiiular line: hindwing with a more distinct black discocellular
lunular mark, submarginal and marginal line; the upper end of submarginal line
composed of double lunules ; a black spot on the costa near the base, and a lobe and
subanal black spot, the two latter slightly yellow and surmounted with dark yellow.
Female, olivaceous-brown : hindwing with large black subanal and less-sized
marginal spots surmounted with white; intermarginal line and cilia also white.
Underside with markings as in male.
Expanse, S lir,, ? ly inch.
The male was taken by Mr. F. M. Mackwood, at Dolosbagee, in March ; the
female was obtained from the late Dr. Thwaites' Collection.
PRATAPA DEVA (Plate 210, Fig. 2, 2a, cJ ? ).
Pratcqia Deva, Moore (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 108, S).
Female. Upperside violaceous-brown ; the lower basal area of forewing and
the hindwing broadly lavender-blue ; exterior marginal spots black. Underside
creamy-white, with outer discal slender black broken line, submarginal fascia, and
anal spots as in male.
Expanse 2 1^ inch.
Ceylon. " Bamagalla " (Macl-wuod).
Sub-Family PIERINiE.
Genus TERIAS (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 118).
TEBIAS TEMPLETONII.
Terlas TcnqMonii, Butler, Annals Mag. of Nat. Hist., March, 1886, p. 218.
" Dilale. Chrome-yellow. Forewings with black border as in T. purreea.
Hindwings with narrow iuternally-sinuated black border. Underside gamboge-
yellow, with well-defined black marginal dots : forewings with two black dots,
followed by a sinuous mark within the cell ; a transverse black-edged spot closing the
cell : hindwings with three black ring-spots near the base, a black-edged angular
o32 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
spot at end of the cell, and a discal bisiuuated series of irregular sqaainose indistinct
brown dashes across the disc.
" Expanse If inch."
Ceylon. In Coll. British Museum.
APPIAS APERTA.
Appias Aperta, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1886, p. 188.
Appias Vacaiis, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, i. p. 135, pi. 52, f. 2, 2 $ {nee Butler).
This Cejlon form of A. Vacans has been separated as above by Mr. A. G.
Butler.
Genus HUPHINA (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 13G).
HDPHINA ZEUXIPPE.
PapiUo Zenxippe, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 362, fig. E. F. (1782), ?.
Pieris Zeiixippe, Butler, Catal. Fabr. D. Lep. p. 201.
PapiUo Cassida, Fabricius, But. Syst.Suppl. p. 427 (1798).
Male. Similar to E. Fhri/ne. Upperside with less black-marked borders.
Underside of forewing with the black bordering of the veins faintly defined except
along the cell ; the two lower submarginal spots only prominent : hind wing paler
yellow, with the vein borderings and submarginal spots indistinct.
Female. Upperside with similai^ly less defined black markings. Underside
paler yellow ; markings as in male.
Expanse 1 Toinch.
" Wattegama; March." From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
PRIONERIS SITA.
Prioneris Sita (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 141).
" Larva feeds on Gapparis. Colour dull blue-green. Head and all the seg-
ments closely dotted with minute blue tubercles ; those on head and sides black tipt ;
dorsal surface pubescent ; a lateral fringe of soft white hair below the spiracles.
Pupa bright green, sharply pointed at the head ; with two strong lateral points and
keeled on dorsal surface of thoracic segments; an interrupted yellow lateral line, and
a short curved crimson line on each side just below thoracic segments bordering
a small white irregular black-speckled spot." — {E. E. Green, July, 1886.)
Sub-Family PAPILIONINiE.
LAERTIAS ROMOLUS.
Laertias Hanulus (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 150).
PapiUo Pammon, vai-. Cei/lonicus, Felder.
ISIr. E. Ernest Green has favoured me with the foUosving interesting notes on
APPENDIX. 533
this species : — " Nov. 9tli, 1884. I have caught several impregnated females, but I
find that they are unwilling to deposit their eggs in captivity, and have hitlierto
invariably died without doing so ; but from one female (the form true Roimdus,
as figuied by Cramer, with a large amount of dull red and no white in cells of the
hindwings) captured on Sept. 23rd, I expressed a single egg, after the death of the
fly. This egg hatched out on Sept. 30th, was reared upon orange-leaves, and is
now, Nov. 9th, in the pupa stage. From this pupa the imago emerged on Jan.
23rd, 1885, and I now send you the specimen."
This specimen, as above reared by Mr. Green, is a male of the true Pammon
form (as figured on Plate 50, fig. 1), with the curved white band across the hind-
wings. Mr. Green in a subsequent note also says : " 1 have seen all the different
forms of the female on the wing in the same months."
MENELAIDES JOPHON (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 152), Plate 210, Fig. 6, larva.
Mr. E. Ernest Green has favoured me with a drawing (which is here reproduced)
of the larva of this species, and the following description : — " Egg tawny, globular,
ribbed, a small point at apes. Larva dark purple-black, with crimson coloured
spines, two on second segment, eight on each of third and sixth, six on each of
eighth to tenth, and four on thirteenth; seventh segment with pale cream-coloured
transverse band (interrujDted on the dorsal line), including four spines of the same
colour, below which on each side is a single crimson spine ; on second segment is a
band composed of four pale tubercular spots, from the two central of which can be
protruded a pair of short blunt yellow horns."
Family HESPERIIDJE.
ISMENE (EDIPODEA.
Ismfne Q^dipodea (Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 158), Plate 211, Fig. 2, larva.
" Larva very similar to that of Bibasis Sena, the chief differences being in
colour of the head, which is black and orange ; a yellow stripe, continuous, above
the lateral spot; the spots themselves being enclosed in- a pale ring and set in
a smoky lateral stripe; spots on twelfth segment orange; a single white spot
upon anal flap. Feeds on Hiptage. Pupa pale salmon colour, powdered over with
a thin pearly bloom ; two distinct raised black spots in front of thorax, and other
indistinct spots almost hidden by the bloom. No bald spot on thorax." — (E. E.
Green, July, 1886.)
BIB&SIS SENA.
Bibasis Stna (Lep. of Ceylon, i.p. 160), Plate 211, Fig. 4, larva.
" Larva pale grey ; with three narrow parallel black dorsal stripes, followed
534 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
on each side by au interrupted yellow stripe, and on eacli segment a large round
black spot, and one or two short black lines; twelfth segment with two red spots;
head black and crimson. Feeds on Hiptage. Pupa very pale flesh colour, covered
with a white powdery-bloom, except upon a large oval spot on the thorax, which
remains clear ; a few small black spots upon angles of thorax ; a double dorsal row
of inconspicuous spots marking the abdominal segments." — {E. E. Green, July,
1886.)
PLESIONEURA SPILOTHYRUS.
rhsioneura sjnlotlii/rus (Lep. of Ccylou, i. p. 179), Plate 211, Fig. 3, larva.
" Larva dull green, with two narrow pale dorsal lines ; head brown, divided into
two distinct lobes ; middle segments swollen. Feeds on AcMnthm. Pupa pale green;
anal segment terminating in a curved blunt point ; sheath of proboscis produced to
terminal segment; covering of eyes pubescent." — {E. E. Oreen, July, 1886.)
Family SPHINGIDiE.
Genus DAPHNIS (Lep. of Ceylou, ii. p. 14).
DAPHNIS ERNESTINA (Plate 211, Fig. 1, ? ).
Female. Purplish ohvaceous-grey. Forewing with a black basal dot, an
olive-green subbasal patch, an almost erect discal darker-bordered fascia, and a
narrow upper marginal angular band ; a short curved transverse pale streak before
the apex, and some dark sinuous marks on the discal fascia : hindwing olive-green,
with a recurved pale submarginal line and abdominal streaks. Head and thorax
])urplish olivaceous-grey; tegular ohve-green; abdomen reddish, with greyish
segmental bands and tip.
Expanse 2i inches.
Ceylon. " Puuduloya; Dec." {E. E. Green).
Tamily LITHOSIID^.
Genus PADENIA (Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, ii. p. 58).
PADENIA TEIFASCIATA (Pl.a.te 211, Fig. 14, ? ).
Female. Forewing creamy-white; crossed by an inwardly-oblique basal,
antemedial, and postmedial narrow angulated purplish-brown fascia, followed by some
submarginal dots and a mai-ginal dotted line ; two small obliquely superposed black
spots at end of the cell : hindwing and abdomen pale yellow. Thorax creamy-white ;
head, palpi, and legs yellow ; side of palpi, base of tibiaa, and tarsi with a black
band.
Expanse 1 inch.
Ceylon. " Wattcgama ; April " (Maehcood).
APPENDIX. 535
Genus DIDUGA.
Male. Forewing elongate, narrow ; costa almost straight, apex obtuse, exterior
margin slightly oblique and straight ; cell long, three-fourths the length ; first sub-
costal at two-fifths before end of cell, second at one-sixth, third from end of cell,
trifid ; discocellular bent near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle median
very close to end of cell, lower at three-fifths before the end ; submedian slightly
recurved : hindwing rather long and narrow, apex produced ; cell two-thirds tlie
length ; two subcostals at one-third beyond the cell ; discocellular bent in the middle,
radial from the angle ; middle median at nearly one-third before end of cell, lower
from near the base. Body short, moderately stout, anal tuft lax ; palpi obliquely
porrect, very slender, rather long ; vertex flat, broad ; antennae stout, finely biciliated ;
legs rather long, smoothly squamous ; middle tibiee with one pair and hind tibiae with
two pairs of very slender unequal spurs.
DIDUGA COSTATA (Plate 211, Fig. 8,9, <J ? ).
Yiolaceous-grey. Male. Forewing with an ochreous-yellow costal and exterior
marginal band, the former undulated along its inner edge, angled at the apex and
belov7 the middle of the exterior margin ; an outwardly-oblique black spot on the
costal edge at one-third from the base and another at one-third before the apex, from
the latter a wavy line extends to the angle ; cilia yellow : hindwing and cilia paler
violaceous-grey. Thorax and tegulje in front, vertex, and base of antenna yellow ;
front of head, palpi, and legs violaceous-grey.
FeinaJp. Forewing with the costal band convex and broader before the apex ;
costal spot absent.
Underside. Ifale. Both wings entirely violaceous-gi-ey. Female. Forewing
with the apex and exterior border yellow.
Expanse, (? f , ? f inch.
CVylon. "Dickoya" {Green).
Genus NAROSODES.
Wino-s small. Forewing moderately broad, costa arched, tips rounded, posterior
margin convex at the base ; cell two-thirds the length, disposed along middle of the
wing ; first subcostal at half before end oE cell, second at one-fourth, third from end,
bifid; discocellular zigzag, two radials from the angles; middle median very close to
end of cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian slightly recurved: hindwing rather long,
triangular ; cell two-thirds the length ; costal joined to subcostal to half length ot'
the cell ; two subcostals on. a footstalk at half beyond the cell; discocellular slender,
radial from below the middle ; the middle median close to end of cell ; lower sub-
median and internal vein straight. Body short, slender; palpi porrect, slender,
536
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
extending balf beyond the head; antennas very minntely pnbescent ; legs slender,
middle tibia with a pair, and hind tibia with two pairs of long slender unequal spurs.
NAROSODES PUNCTANA (Plate 211, Fig. 7).
Tospitis pnnctciiia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxviii. p. 431 (1863).
Wbitish-ochreous. Forewing with traces of five or more brownish-ochreoiis
curved wavy fascias crossing the middle and disc ; a minute black dot at end of the
costal and subcostal veins ; two indistinct dots also at end of the cell and one above
middle of the submedian. Palpi and fore tibiae above brown.
Expanse ttt inch.
Ceylon. " Dickoya."
From Mr. E. E. Green's Collection.
Genus HOMOPSYCHE.
Homops)jche, Butler, Annals uud Mag. IS-at. Hii^t. olh scr. x. p. 226 (1&82).
Male. Wings small, semidiaphanous, clothed with short delicate hairy scales.
Forewing elongated; costa much arched, with a lax well-developed fringe; apex
obtuse, exterior margin very slightly oblique, hardly convex, posterior margin fringed ;
cell fully two-thirds the length, costal vein short ; first subcostal at one-third before
end of cell, second at one-sixth, third bifid ; discocellular convex, bent at equal
distances from ends, radials from the angles ; middle median at one-sixth, lower at
fully two- fifths ; submedian straight : hindwiug triangular, apex obtuse, exterior
margin very oblique, slightly convex ; cell fully two-thirds the length, subcostal
straight, bifid at half length beyond the cell; discocellular bent outward above
middle, and inward below the middle, radial from lower angle ; middle median at
one-sixth, lower at half ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body short, slightly
clothed with fine hairy scales ; palpi minute ; proboscis long ; antennte with the
basal third thick and finely pilose, setaceous to the tip, entirely setaceous in the
female ; legs moderately long ; tibisB slightly pilose ; middle tibite with a pair of
short spurs, hind tibias with two pairs of slender spurs.
Type, H. nudarioides.
HOMOPSYCHE NYMPHA (Plate 211, Fig. 11, S)-
Male. Cinereous-white. Wings semidiaphanous, clothed with short delicate
hairy scales. Forewing crossed by an indistinct subbasal, antemedial, and a sub-
marginal ochreous-yellow zigzag line, the latter much diffused, followed by a row of
marginal spots ; a roimded spot in middle of the cell more brownish-ochreous : hind-
wing, body, antenncB, and legs cinereous-white.
APPENDIX. 537
Expanse tV incli.
Ceylon. " Punduloya."
From Mr. E. E. Greeu's Collection.
Genus HEMONIA.
Hemonia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het B. M. xxviii. p. 425 (1863).
" Male and female. Wings rather broad : forewings much rounded at the tips ;
costa and exterior broader very convex, the former dilated ; subcostal vein emitting
six oblique well-defined veinlets to the costa ; two inferior veins. Body stout,
smooth ; proboscis short ; palpi slender, smooth, porrect, extending very little beyond
the head ; third joint linear, as long as the second ; antennae slightly pectinated in
the male, minutely setulose in the female ; thorax squamous, tegute short ; abdomen
not extending beyond hindwings ; legs smooth, rather short and stout ; hind tibiiii
with four long spurs."
HEMONIA ORBIFERANA (Plate 211, Fig. 6, q ).
Hemonia orhiferana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 426 (1863).
Pitane rutundata, Snellin, Tijtl. Voor. Ent. 1879, p. 92, pi. 10, f. 6.
" Male and female. Purphsh-grey : forewings with a brown diffuse zigzag interior
line, which is indistinct in the female and nearly obsolete in the male ; a reddish
black-marked dot in the exterior disc ; a black diffuse curved submarginal line ; a
chalybeous tinge between this line and the exterior border. Hindwings, and abdomen
yellowish-white in the male, whitish-cinereous in the female."
Expanse A to to inch.
Ceylon.
Family ARCTIIDJE.
Genus ATTATHA.
Attatha, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1S78, p. 847.
" Forewing elongated, narrow ; costa straight, apex bluntly angular, exterior
margin oblique, angle convex ; posterior margin convex at the base. Hindwing oval,
exterior margin very convex. Venation similar to that of Eitplagia Hera. Body
elongated, abdomen extending beyond hindwings ; antennte slender, minutely setose ;
legs long, femora and tibiae slightly pilose ; palpi long, slender, porrect."
ATTATHA REGALIS (Plate 212, Fig. 4).
Hypcrcompa regalis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 575, pi. 33, fig. 7, cJ.
Attatha regalis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 848.
Forewing ochreous-white, tinged with ochreous-red at the posterior angle ; wirh
VOL. III. 3 z
538 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
a prominent black elongated spot at the base, a fusiform streak along middle of the
posterior margin, an outwardly-oblique tapering band from middle of the costi, and
another similar band from before the apex ; between the two latter is a parallel
slender brown line with a zigzag lower end ; each band terminates before the posterior
angle, where there is a black spot, three others along the exterior margin, and a
black marginal line above to the apex : hindwing scarlet, with a marginal row of
small black spots and a larger anal spot. Thorax and top of head ochreous-white,
with a black collar or band across the middle and a triangular spot at the base ; abdomen
ochreous-yellow ; palpi and legs red ; front of head, tip of palpi, fore and middle legs
above black.
Expanse 2 inches.
Ceylon. Collected by Mr. F. M. Mackwood.
Family LIPARIDiE.
Genus DASYCHIRA (Lep. of Ceylon, ii. p. 97).
DASYCHIRA PUDICA (Plate 211, Fig. 5, ? ).
Female. White. Forewing very sparsely sprinkled with minute brown scales ;
crossed by an obsolescent subbasal, antemedial, and a postmedial brown-scaled
sinuous line, the costal ends of which are slightly dilated ; marginal sinuous line
slender. Palpi above, and short bands on legs brown.
Expanse 5 1^ inch.
Ceylon. "Peradeniya; K^v'A'' [Mackioood).
Family DREPANULID^.
(Lep. of Ceylon, ii. p. 118.)
Genus PROBLEPSIS.
Ca/o/)(cra,*Fnval(lsky, Magyar Term. Tars. Evkony.-C/d/i;-/*. Un/jirischen Natiir. Gesell.) 1. p. 183
(184.5) ; H. Schfeff. Samm. Eur. Schmett. 8uppl. ii. p. 97 (1845).
Prohlepsis, Lederer, Verh. Zool. Bot. Vereins Wein. ii. pp. 75 et 114 (1853).
Argijris, Gueaee, Phal. ii. p. 12 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 806 (1861).
Forewing rather long, triangular ; cell half the length : first subcostal at nearly
half before end of cell, second at one-fourth, quadrifid, slightly touching the first
near its base ; sixth from end of cell ; discocellular bent near upper end, radial from
the angle; middle median close to end, lower at one-third : hindwing short, exterior
marp-in very convex, slightly dentated; cell half the length ; first subcostal near the
* Previously used by Gueriu for a genus of Diptera.
APPENDIX. 539
end ; discocellular slightly oblique and concave, radial from above the middle ; the
middle median close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths. Body robust ; palpi porrect,
short, clothed with coarse lax scales, apex short, obtuse ; antennas rather broadly
bipectinated in male, the branches slender, finely ciliated, and each ending in a short
fascicle; legs smoothly squamous; middle tibise with a pair of slender spurs; hind
tibiiB thickened, clothed with lax spatular scales above and furnished with a long
basal fascicle of fine silky hairs beneath, spurs obsolete ; hind tarsi very short.
Tijpe, P. ocellata.
PROBIEPSIS DELIARIA (Plate 202, Fig. 6, ? ).
Argijris deliaria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. il. xxiii. p. 808 (1861).
White. Wings with three very indistinct outer cinereous lunular fascire : fore-
wing with a large discal obovate ochreous ringlet, which is iuterhned with raised
silver scales and has two black-speckled streaks at its lower end ; beneath it is a paler
ochreous silver-lined shade extending to the posterior margin : hindwing with a less
distinct smaller and narrower constricted paler ringlet, which is also silver- lined.
Vertex and palpi above cinereous-black ; front partly white ; legs ochreous.
Expanse, <? Ittj, ? Iro inch.
PROBLEPSIS EXTRTISATA (Plate 202, Fig. 7).
Ephyra extrusata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 637 (1861), ?.
Lilacine whitish-cinereous. Wings thinly speckled with dark brown scales ;
discal and submarginal line very indistinct, zigzag, brown, the latter with blackish
points ; marginal points black ; cell spot on forewing elongated, constricted, ochreous,
incompletely ringed with silvery-black raised scales: hindwing with a narrow nearly
straight-ochreous silvery-lined cell spot. Front of head, palpi above, and forelegs
ochreous-brown.
Expanse \-h inch.
Genus SOMATINA.
Somatina, Gut'uee, Phal. ii. p. 10 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 805 (1861).
Forewino- triangular, arched at end, apex acute, subfalcate; cell fully half the
length ; first subcostal at nearly half before end of cell, second at one-fourth, shghtly
touchino- first near its base, quadrifid, the fifth from near its base and slightly
touchino- second above its juncture with first, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular
slio-htly bent above the middle, radial from the angle ; middle median near end of
cell lower at one-third : hindwing broad, short, apex somewhat angular, exterior
maro-in even, very oblique, slightly convex, anal angle produced ; cell half the length,
broad ; first subcostal before end of cell ; discocellular slightly oblique, radial from
the middle ; the middle median near end, lower at nearly half. Body robust, thorax
3 z 2
540 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
broad ; palpi curved, clothed with broad coarse lax scales, apex pointed ; autennce
biciliated in male, finely pubescent in female; legs smooth; middle tibi;B with a
pair of long slender unequal spurs ; hind tibiae very thick, with a lengthened tuft of
silky hairs on inner side, spurs not visible, hind tarsi short.
TuiK, S. authophilata.
Note, — This genus, though agreeing in many characters with Problep?is>
differs entirely in the shape of the wings and form of male antennae.
SOMATINA PURPURASCENS (Plate 202, Fig. 2, 2a ,^ ?).
Male. Differs from S. authophilata in being larger, and of a purplish-cinereous
white. Wings distinctly black speckled : forewing crossed by a medial, discal, sub-
marginal, and a marginal cinereous-black speckled line, the three inner lines being
angulated, and the outer sinuous ; interspace between the two inner lines below the
median, and also between the two outer lines and the margin blackish-cinereous ;
upper end of the inner lines slightly dilated, and the outer sinuous line black speckled
below the apex; a distinct black spot at end of cell : hind wing with a distinct black
cell spot, a slight cinereous-black speckled discal line, sinuous submarginal line, and
white sinuous marginal line; the interspace between the two latter and the margin
blackish-cinereous. Cilia blackish-cinereous. Body black speckled ; abdomen above
blackish-cinereous ; vertex, and front of head blackish; antennas, palpi, and forelegs
above brown. Female. Purplish-cinereous, brighter externally ; speckled as in
male ; transverse markings the same, but less distinct.
Expanse, S It'o, ? Ittt inch.
Genus PHALACRA.
Phdacra, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1G3S (1866).
Acroptiris (part), Iliibner, Zutiiige.
Male. Porewing elongate, rather narrow, apex acute ; cell half the length ;
first subcostal at one-fifth, second approximate, trifid, fifth from end; discocellular
outwardly recurved, radials from above the middle and lower end ; the middle median
at one-sixth, lower nearly half : hiudwing rather long, apex convex, exterior margin
produced to a prolonged angle at end of second subcostal, straight from thence to
anal angle ; cell nearly one-third the length ; first subcostal at one-third ; discocellular
outwardly-concave, radial from above the middle ; the middle median about one-fourth,
lower at half. Body short, rather stout ; palpi porrect, very short, laxly squamous
beneath ; antenna) thick, flat, smooth ; legs rather short and thick ; middle tibiae
with one pair and hind tibias with two pairs of slender spurs.
APPEXDIX. 541
PHALACRA VIDHISAEIA (Plate 201, Fig. 1, ?, la larva).
mmtropMla Vidhisaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. lift. B. M. xxi. p. 319 (1861), ?.
Phalacra metagonaria. Walker, id. xxxv. p. 1030 (1866), S.
? Acroptcris conprimaria, Hiibnor, Zutriige, v. \\ l^^j fig- 867 (1837).
Cinereous-brown. Forewing with two oblique superposed black points at end
of the cell ; a curved discal and submarginal row of pale-bordered black points, the
former being linear at its lower end : hindwing with a pale-bordered brown subbasal
line, a discal pale-bordered denticulated line, and a marginal row of black points ;
a black point at end of the cell. Abdomen with brownish bands.
Expanse 1 to Ifo inch.
Larva fusiform, head broad; with lateral and dorsal setfB, and prolonged anal
setaceous spines ; colour green, with a dorsal pink band laterally bordered with
yellow and two red lines. Pupa dark purple, with a white powdery-bloom.
Genus DRAPETODES.
Drapetodcs, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 424 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. Go3 (1861).
Forewing short, hardly triangular ; costa arched at base, apex obtuse; cell
half the length ; first subcostal at one-third, second from end, quadrifid, the fifth
being emitted from below second close to its base ; discocellular bent near upper
end and acutely outward in middle and again close to lower end, radials from upper
and lower angles ; middle median at oue-third, lower at two-thirds : hindwing broad,
triangular, apex convex; first subcostal at half before end of cell ; discocellular bent
obliquely outward above middle and close to lower end, radial from lower angle ;
middle median at one-third, lower at two-thirds. Body slender in male, thick in
female ; palpi obliquely ascending, slender, almost straight, squamous, third joint
short, obtuse ; antenna3 thick, flattened, smooth ; legs short and rather thick,
squamous, middle tibia3 with one pair and hind tibijB with two pairs of spurs, the
outer being long and slender.
Type, D. mitaria.
DRAPETODES FfiATERCULA (Plate 200, Fig. 1, S , \a larva).
Smaller than D. mitaria. Wings paler yellow: forewing with the curved
oblique discal wavy lines more distinct and black-speckled towards their posterior
end, the marginal black dentated band of metallic scales very prominent : hindwing
with the lines and middle band very prominent, the band dark ochreous-brown, the
discal lines well separated, and with a wider clear space between the inner line and
edge of the band ; marginal black hue prominent.
Expanse, cJ A, ? 1 i^ich.
542 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
Ceylon.
"Dickoya" {E. E.Green).
" Larva somewhat resembling that of the European Clllx spinula. With 14
legs, anal claspers absent ; length 9 lines. Colour pale salmon-pink ; head pale
yellow, with two dark brown transverse bands ; anal segment tapering to a bifid
point ; each segment with six small setaceous glandular spines. Dorsal surface of
second, third, and fourth segments dull green, of fifth and sixth and of eleventh and
twelfth dark olive-brown ; ventral area of second to the sixth and from eleventh to
thirteenth dark brown ; lateral area of seventh to tenth yellow ; a lateral series of
six dark brown diagonal stripes, each stripe extending through two segments.
Feeds upon Cardamomum and allied plants. Spins a loose cocoon in a rolled-up
leaf, and changes to a red pupa covered with a white powdery-bloom." — (E. Ernest
Green, Oct. 188G.)
Family LIMACODIDJE.
(Lep. of Ccylou, ii. p. 125.;
Genus NAGODA.
Male. Wings mostly transparent. Forewing elongated, rather narrow, apex
obtuse, exterior margin very oblique ; cell more than half the length, first sub-costal
about one-third before end of cell, second immediately before the end, third from the
end, trifid ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, concave ; upper radial from above the
middle, lower close to end ; a straight veinlet emitted within the cell from below
upper radial; middle median near end of cell, lower at nearly one-third before the
end ; lower radial curved upward ; lower median curved downward ; two sub-
median veins, upper curved upward, lower straight and with a short lower basal
branch : hindwing short, somewhat triangular, apex and anal angle obtuse ; cell
two-fifths the length at upper end, half at the lower end; costal vein free; two
subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular very deeply concave, radial from angle
near lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-third ; two
submedians and an internal vein nearly straight. Body stout ; densely clothed
with long lax spatular hairs ; palpi short, stout, porrect, very laxly clothed, apex
minute ; antennge broadly bipectinated to more than half its length, tip serrated ;
legs stout, densely clothed with very long hairs, which almost cover the tarsi.
Allied to the Australian genus Anaphcea {A. Oxleyi).
NAGODA NIGRICANS (Plate 211, Fig. 10, S)-
Male. Fuliginous-black. Wings mostly semi-transparent. Forewing with the
basal area, posterior border, the apex, extreme costal and exterior margin, with the
APPENDIX. 5-43
cilia, black : liinclwing with the costal border, abdominal margin, extreme exterior
margin, and the cilia, black. Front of thorax, head, palpi, hairs on tibia above,
and tarsi, ochreous ; thoi-ax behind the collar interspersed with grey hairs ; hind
part of thorax and abdomen with a few ochreous-tipt hairs ; palpi above, and legs
above, black ; antennae ochreous.
Expanse 1 inch.
Ceylon. " Punduloya."
From Mr. E. E. Green's Collection, who also kindly fm-nishes the following
note : — " Laiwa ouisciform-cochHpodous, smooth, serai-transparent, greenish-blue.
Feeds on the leaves of the coffee-tree. Pupa enclosed in a small round, very tough,
greyish-white cocoon, from which the moth ( $ ) emerges by cutting a lid-shaped
opening at one end, and flies about immediately."
Family LASIOCAMPIDiE.
(Lej). of Ceylon, ii. p. 137.)
Genus CHILENA.
ChiUna, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. v. p. 1070 (1855).
Male. Forewing rather short, triangular, apex rounded, exterior margin
oblique ; posterior angle rounded ; cell narrow, fully half the length ; first subcostal
at half before end of cell, second at one-fourth, bifid ; fourth from end of cell, fifth
also from end of cell, bifid ; discocellular extremely slender, inwardly-oblique ;
third median close to end of cell, second at one-third, first (or lower) at two-thirds :
hindwing short, exterior margin very convex ; cell one-fourth the length at upper
end ; two short precostal veins, costal vein bent ; subcostal two-branched, first
branch near the base and slightly touching the costal at its angle, lower subcostal
straight ; discocellular slender, outwardly-oblique, two upper medians on a footstalk
beyond end of cell, second close to end, first (or lowest) at half before the end. Body
moderately stout, woolly, abdomen extending one-third beyond hindwings ; palpi
small, porrect, rather short, pilose, apex very minute ; antennjB broadly bipectinated
to the tip, the branches stoutest at their tip ; legs stout, clothed with long woolly
hairs ; hind tibijB with minute apical spurs.
CHILENA SIMILIS (Plate 212, Fig. 5, <J).
Chilena similis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. v. p. 1071 (I800).
Purplish-cinereous. Forewing brownish-ochreous basally, purplish-cinereous
externally ; crossed by an inwardly-oblique retracted antemedial dusky-brown fascia,
a straio-ht postmedial fascia, and a sinuous pale-bordered submarginal line ; a pure
544 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
white oblique streak at end of tlie cell. Front of head, and forelegs brownish-
ochreous.
Expanse ^ lyo inch.
Ce_ylon.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Genus PANDALA.
Pandala (Lep. of Ceylon, ii. p. 140).
PANDALA DOLOSA (Plate 212, Fig. 3, ? ).
Pandala dolosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. iv. p. 922 (1855); Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, ii.
p. 140, pi. 134, f. 5, cJ.
Female. Cinereous purpurescent-brown. Both wings with the subbasal,
medial, and submarginal narrow sinuous bands darker brown.
Expanse ? 2 inches.
Ceylon .
Taken at Kandy, in ]\Iay, by Mr. F. M. Mackwood.
Genus EUPTEROTE.
Eupterote (Lep. of Ceylon, ii. p. 140).
EUPTEEOTE FASCIATA (Plate 212, Fig. 1, $).
Male. Ochreous-yellow. Forewing crossed by a purplish-red diffused basal
and subbasal curved band, ill-defined medial sinuous diffused lines, and a darker
oblique almost straight narrow discal band ; contiguous to the latter is a slender
parallel series of small vein-points, and a larger sjjot between the middle and lower
median veins ; exterior border with a broad purple-red curved band : hindwing
with a slight purple-red basal band, darker discal band, and outer series of I'ounded
spots. Thorax purplish-ochreous.
Expanse 4 inches.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Genus HORANPELLA,
Iloranpella (Lep. of Ceylon, ii. p. 143).
HORANPELLA CINNAMOMEA (Plate 212, Fig. 2, ) q .
Female. Dark cinnamon-brown. Forewing crossed by a broad oblique paler
glaucescent fascia, the inner edge of which is evanescent : hindwing paler towards
the base.
APPEADIX. 545
Expanse 4 inches.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection,
Genus APONA.
^;)o»a, Walker, C.ital. Lep. Ilet. L. M. vii. p. 1702 (1856).
Wings ample, rather broad ; costa of forewing convex towards the apex, which
is slightly acuminate in the male and falcate in the female. Body thick; thorax
clothed with dense long hairs ; palpi very short, thickly clothed with lax hairs ;
antenna; long, very broadly plumose to the tip in male, pectinated in the female ;
legs stout, densely clothed with long hairs ; hind tibiis with two moderately long
thick apical spurs.
Tijjor, A. pallida.
APONA SHEVAROYENSIS (Plate 213, Fio. 1, 2, cj ? )•
Ajmia Slieuaroi/ensis, Moore, Trans. Eat. Soc. 1884, p. 373.
Dark cinnamon-brown, darkest along the exterior border; forewing crossed
by a darker brown sub-basal, medial, and a pale-centred duplex discal line ; the area
between the medial and discal line traversed by four sinuous hnes ; submarginal
border with a more or less indistinct zigzag-bordered glaucescent-grey fascia
liordering the discal line ; a small black spot at end of the cell : hindwing with
similar, but L ss distinct, discal lines and intermediate sinuous lines. Antennae dark
brown, shaft white; tarsi ochreous- white.
Expanse, ^ 5, ? 5f inches.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. M, Mackwood's Collection.
Tamily HEPIALIDiE.
(Lep. of Ceylon, ii. p. 156.)
Genus HEPIALUS.
Hepialus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 589 (1775) ; Cuvier, Tabl. Hist. Nat. p. 597 (1798) ; id. HLst. Nat.
xiv. p. 174 (1805); Leach, Edin. Eac. ix. p. 131 (1815) ; Stephens, 111. Haust. ii. p. 4 (1828) ;
Guenee, Walker.
Hepiolus, Ochsenheimer, Treitschke.
HEPIALUS TAPEOBANUS (Plate 212, Fig. 6).
Forewing greyish purpUsh-brown ; base densely covered with darker brown
scales ; the outer area crossed by darker brown broken zigzag bands, followed by
VOL. III. 'i A
5^6 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
a marginal row of spots ; a white triangular spot in midille of tlie cell, and a small
black spot at the posterior angle : hindwing purplish-brown ; costal border, and the
cilia tinged with ochreous. Body, palpi, and legs purplish-brown ; base of abdomen
clothed with long ochreous hairs.
Expanse 1^ inch.
Ceylon.
Taken at Wattegama, in March, by Mr. F. M. Mackwood.
Family CYMATOPHORIDiE.
Genus RISOBA. (Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 1).
EISOBA BASALIS (Plate 214, Fig. 1).
liisoha liamlis, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 91 (18S2).
Male and female. Forewing pale brownish-ochreous, greyish along the costa and
below the apex; a whitish basal, oblique, black-edged baud, bordered outwardly by dark
brown ; disc crossed by an irregular inwardly-oblique black, sinuous, pale-bordered
line terminating hindward in white ; interior of the wing crossed by two indistinct
black lines and a sinuous fascia; apical patch dark brown and black, streaked with
whitish lips at costal end and below angle; a slight pale-boi*dered black lunular
marginal line : hindwing cinereous-white, with broad brown marginal band, and a
discal spot. Body cinereous-brown, white speckled ; legs brown above.
Expanse, S lyo, ? Ixu inch.
Ceylon. {Coll. Machivood).
Family APAMEIDiE.
Genus PERIGEA (Lep. of Ceylon iii. p. 28).
PERIGEA DOLOROSA.
Mfimestra dolorosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 667 (1865).
Dark purple-brown. Forewing crossed by an indistinct subbasal, antemedial,
discal, and a sulimarginal ochreous-white bordered black denticulated line, a marginal
row of pale dots and cilial spots ; orbicular mark pale lined, reniform mark composed
of aglomerated ochreons-white spots : hindwing cinereous-white with broad brown
border ; a whitish-bordered darker marginal line ; cilia cinereous-white. Thorax
dark purplish-brown ; abdomen cinereous-brown ; palpi and legs blackish, speckled
with ochreous ; tarsi with ochreous bands.
Expanse 1 Toin ch.
"Kandy; July." From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
APPENDIX. ^47
Family ORTHOSIIDiE.
(Lcp. of Ceylon, iii. p. .'3.3.)
Genus ELYDNA.
Elydna, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het, B. M. xv. p. 171-2(1858).
Forewing elongate, costa nearly straight, apex obtuse, exterior margin oblique,
slightly convex ; posterior margin very convex at the base ; cell fully half the length ;
first sub.'jostal at two-fifths before end of cell, second at one-eighth, bifid ; fourth from
end of cell, bifid ; fourth joined to third for a short distance from above the base of
fifth ; sixth also from end of cell ; discocellular slender, outwardly-obh.que, radial
from near lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths ; sub-
median nearly straight : hindwing short, apex and exterior margin convex ; cell half
the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular very slender, concave, bent
below the middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower
at one-third. Thorax stout, spherical ; abdomen rather short ; palpi curved upward,
reaching to vertex, slender, almost smooth, third joint elongate, about one-third the
length of second; antenni-e simple: legs stout, squamous ; middle tibia3 clothed with
lax hairy scales ; middle and hind tibiae with very long spurs.
Type, E. transversa.
ELYDNA TEAPEZATA (Plate 214, Fig. 9).
Lilacine-ochrtous. Forewing crossed by a slender brown outwardly-obhque
anteraedial line, an excurved medial line, and an angular discal line; a similar slender
line also entending from the middle line, at end of the cell, to the exterior margin :
hindwing semidiaphanous at the base. Tip of palpi, and forelegs above brown.
Expanse 1 A inch.
" Watteo-ama ; May." From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
0*4/
Family HADENIDiE.
(Lep. of Ccylou, iii. p. 36.)
Genus APPANA.
Appana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 355, Desc. Lep. Coil. Atk. p. 126 (.1882).
Forewing somewhat short, costa straight, apex slightly pointed, exterior margin
oblique, very slightly waved and convex ; first subcostal branch emitted from half
4- A 2
648 rHE I.EPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
length of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifurcate, third at one-fourth and foui'th at
one-half from base of second, fifth from end of the cell, projecting upward and touching
the third near its base ; cell long ; upper discocellular very short, lower bent in the
middle ; upper radial from angle near subcostal, lower radial and upper median from
angles immediately above end of the cell, middle median from its end, lower median
from one-third before its end ; submedian slightly recurved : hindwing triangular,
exterior margin convexly oblique and waved ; two subcostal branches emitted from
a short distance beyond end of the cell ; discocellular obliquely concave, radial from
near its lower end ; two upper median branches from end of cell ; submedian and
internal veins long. Body moderate, abdomen extending beyond hindwing ; palpi,
short, stout, squamose, third joint very short ; antennge setose ; legs pilose beneath.
Allied to Habryntis, Lederer {H. Scita, Hiibner).
APPANA CINGALESA (Plate 214, Fig. 6, ? ).
Female. Pale cinereous purplish -brown. Forewing with a darker brown band
curving broadly from middle of the cell to posterior margin and narrowly upward to
the costa before the apex ; the band accompanied by a slender, contiguous, parallel
brown line ; above the band is a dark brown triangular spot at upper end of the cell ;
traces of a slender brown subbasal line, and a submarginal pale-bordered line : hind-
wing and abdomen paler. Cilia purplish-brown. Thorax, palpi, and legs purplish-
brown.
Expanse 1 to inch.
Ceylon.
Family ACONTIIDiE.
(Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 50.)
Genus BAGADA (Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 48).
BAGADA PYROCHROMA (Plate 214, Fig. 2).
Bagada pyrochroma (Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 48).
Forewing purplish-ferruginous, palest along the costa ; blackisli -cinereous along
the posterior border ; crossed by irregular wavy blackish-cinereous bands, a
darker lower discal fascia and a contiguous slender discal line ; orbicular and
constricted reniform mark distinct and pale bordered : hindwing and abdomen dusky
APPEXDIX. 6(9
cinereous ; cilia purplish-red. Thorax purplish-reil ; ]ialpi and forelegs above blackish
cinereous; middle and hind legs paler.
Expanse Ito inch.
Ceylon. "Kandy; July." From Mr. F, M. Mackwood's Collection.
Family PLUSIIDJE.
Genus ABROSTOLA.
(Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 68.)
ABROSTOLA NUBILA (Plate 214, Fig. 5.)
Forewing dark greyish-brown ; with a transverse dark purple-brown antemedial
and postmedial augulated duplex-line, the intermediate area being dark glossy purple-
brown, dai'kest below the cell; reniform mark black-edged; a very slender black
sinuous submarginal line shaded with purple-bi'own before its anterior end : hind wing
brown, palest at the base ; cilia cinereous-brown. Thorax, and legs clothed with
lax grey and purple-brown hairs ; abdomen brown, with grey and purple-brown dorsal
tufts ; tarsi with pale bands.
Expanse l-i*o inch.
Ceylon. " Dickoya " {Green).
Family HOMOPTEEIDiE.
(Lcp. of CV-yloii, iii. p. 90.)
Genus FELINIA.
Felinia, GiK-oee, Noct. iii. p. 322 (18.52) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1514 (1S58).
Forewing rather narrow, triangular, apex somewhat rounded, exterior margin
very oblique, denticulated ; cell narrow, half the length ; first subcostal fully one-
third before end of cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, very slightly touching the first
above base of the third ; fifth, from end of cell and slightly touching base of the third ;
discocellular concave, radials from upper end and close to lower end ; middle median
near end of cell, lower at two-fifths : hindwing broad, exterior margin convex,
denticulated ; cell one-third the length ; two subcostals from the end ; discocellular
concave, slender, radial from close to lower end ; two upper medians from end of
cell, lower about one-fifth. Body stout ; palpi ascending, curved, rather long, second
joint compactly pilose, third joint about half length of second, cylindrical, subspatu-
late ; antennjB long, whip-shape, minutely ciliated in front ; legs most densely clothed
550 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
with long lax hairs, those of the hindlegs extending nearly to tip of the tarsi ; hind
tarsi also hairy.
FELINIA SPISSA (Plate 214, Fig. 4 ?).
Felinia spissa, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 322 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. PIcf. B. M. xiv. p. 1514.
Briarda decens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1098 (1857).
Cinereous. Forewing with numerous brown-speckled transverse lunular striga3,
a broad dilated transverse dark-brown subbasal band with acutely-defined zigzag
outer edge, an irregular zigzag discal line, and a triangularly-curved costal patch ; a
more or less defined brown fascia also crossing the middle ; marginal points and
denticulated line, brown : hindwing with a dusky-brown submarginal fascia, and
(lenticidated mai^ginal line. Thorax brown-speckled ; collar dark brown ; side of
])alpi, and basal band on forelegs blackish.
Expanse Itu inch.
Ceylon. (Kandy, July). From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Genus HOMOPTERA.
(Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 97.)
HOMOPTERA CATENATA (Plate 21 1, Fig. 1).
Pale brownish-ochreous. Forewing crossed by a slender undulated black sub-
basal line and a discal line, beyond w'hich is a broad blackish dilated upper-discal
band, bordered by a contiguous ochreous-brown wavy diffused line ; an ochreous-
brown band before the basal line, and two diffused wavy lines crossing the middle,
embracing a pale reniform mark at end of the cell ; costal ends oi the lines dilated and
blacker ; a narrow black chain-like border along the exterior margin : hindwing with
slender black undulated discal line, diffused ochreous-brown wavy medial and sub-
marginal line, and chain-like marginal border. Thorax with a blackish tuft at the
base ; palpi at the side, and bands on forelegs black.
Expanse 1 inch.
Ceylon. From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Family HYPOGRAMMIDiE.
SELEPA STRIGIFERA.
Selepa strigifera (Lep. of Ceyloiij iii. p. 103).
Figure 4 on Plate 158 represents a variety of the female of this species.
Genus PLOTHEIA (Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 105).
NoiE. — It is probable that the Figures 5 to 1 2 on Plate 157 represent male and
APPENDIX. 551
female varieties ouly of a single species Figiu'e 10 is a male of that named hasi-
fascia, and Figure 12 a female variety of that named spiircata.
Family CATEPHIID^.
ANOPHIA OLIVESCENS.
Anophia olivt-sceiis (Lep. of Ceylou, iii. p. 117).
This species is figured on Plate 159, fig. 2.
GYRTONA HYLTJSALIS.
Gijrtona Jii/hisalis (Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 124).
Tlie female of this species is represented on Plate 158, fig. 0.
Family DYSGONIID.S.
Genus DYSGONIA (Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 175).
DYSGONIA AMYGDALIS (Plate 214, Fig. 3),
Allied to D. Matarcf;cens. Dark olivaceous-brown. Forewing distinctly lilacine-
grey speckled from the base to the middle ; the transverse blackish antemedial line
and the postmedial line wider apart, the outer edge of the latter below the angle
being somewhat denticulated ; apical patch indentated on its outer side : hindwing
with the base, exterior border and subanal fascia lilacine-grey.
Expanse Ittt inch.
Ceylou.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Family FOCILLID^.
(Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 195.)
EGNASIA SCOPIGERA.
Egnasia scopifjera, Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 195, pi. 172, f 9 J .
Note. — The female of this insect is figured on Plate 215, fig. 3.
Genus HINGULA (Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 199).
HINGULA TRANS VITTA (Plate 21-5, Fig. 1).
Forewing dark ferruginous-brown ; crossed by a broad medial inwardly-oblique
552 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON.
darker brown band, which is almost black at its lower end ; the inner-edge of the
band straight, the outer-edge sinuous and tipt with white at the costal end ; base of
wing with a posterior dusky streak ; an antemedial indistinct very slender excurved
sinuous black line tipt with white at its costa end; a submarginal indistinct cinereous
sinuous fascia, and a marginal row of black points : hindwing purplish-brown, with
several short cinereous stripes from and above anal angle, and a marginal row of
dots; cilia edged with brownish-cinereous. Thorax, and abdomen ferruginous-
l)i-own ; head, palpi, and legs darker brown ; legs speckled with cinereous ; tarsi
with white bands.
Expanse ItV inch.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Family THERMESIID^.
Genus MESTLETA (Lep. of C-ylon, iii. p. 207).
MESTLETA FASCIOSA (Plate 214, Fi.;. 12).
Forewing cinereous, with five transverse inwardly-oblique brownisli-ferruginous
bands, of which the exterior is the most red ; a submarginal row of black points, the
lowest being indistinct; cilia brownish, edged with cinereous: hindwing ochreous ;
cilia cinereous-white. Thorax, head, and palpi cinereous ; abdomen brownish ; side
of palpi, and forelegs above brownish.
Expanse tu inch.
Ceylon. "Punduloya" (Green).
Note. — This species has much resemblance to Opluuche mistacalis, Guen.
(Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 229, pi. 175, fig. (i.)
Genus GESONIA (Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 212).
GESONIA FLAVIFRONS (Plate 214, Fig. 8).
Forewing pale purplish ochreous-brown ; without markings : hindwing ochreous-
brown ; cilia brownish-ochreous. Head, basal joint of antennte, tip of palpi, and
tarsal bands on forelegs ochreous-yellow ; base of palpi, and forelegs dark brown ;
middle and hindlegs ochreous-brown.
Expanse i% inch.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
APPEXDIX. 553
Genus DORANAGA.
Forewing short, broad; costa almost sti'aight, apex acute, exterior margin
slightly oblique, convex, posterior margin convex ; cell half the length ; first sub-
costal at one-third before end of cell, second from the end, trifid, fifth also from the
end; discocellular slender, nearly erect, radials from near each end ; middle median
near end of cell, lower at two-fifths; submedian slightly recurved : hiiulwing short,
apex and exterior margin convex ; cell nearly half the length ; two subcostals from
end of cell; discocellular concave, radial from near lower end: two upper medians
from end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body
rather stout ; thorax robust ; palpi long, slender, curved upward to above the vertex,
laxly squamous at the base, third joint elongate; antennjB bipectinated, the branches
very fine and ciliated ; legs smooth ; middle tibite with one pair and hind tibis with
two pairs of long slender neai^ly equal spurs.
Type, D. apicalis.
DORANAGA APICALIS (Plate 214, Fig. 7).
Forewing purplish-brown ; crossed by a curved wavy antemedial brown line, and
a darker brown oblique straight line extending from the apex to middle of the posterior
margin ; a submarginal row of black-speckled points, a white spot at lower end of
the cell, a black dot at its upper end, and one at its base; a prominent white tri-
angular spot on the costa before the apex ; hindwing, and abdomen cinereous
ochreous-brown ; cilia ochreous. Thorax, head, fore and middle legs above purplish-
brown ; side of palpi and bands on forelegs blackish ; legs beneath cinereous-brown.
Expanse to to 1 inch.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwcod's collection.
DORANAGA STRIATURA (Plate 214, Fig. 11).
Male. Forewing lilacine brownish-ochreous, with numerous transverse in-
distinct delicate brown wavy continuous stri«, and a few black scattered scales about
the posterior area ; crossed by a short straight basal, an excurved antemedial, and a
recurved postmedial white-bordered brown line, each line terminating hindward
above the posterior margin ; two superposed black spots at end of the cell, the upper
one minute ; a submarginal series of black points, and an upper marginal row of
whitish points : hindwing ochreous-white, with broad brownish outer border; cilia
white. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs brownish-ochreous ; forelegs above, and tarsal
bands, dark brown.
Expanse 1| inch.
Ceylon. " N. Matale ; November" (Machvood).
VOL. III. 4 ^
554. THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. '
Family HERMINIIDiE.
(Lep. of Ceylou, iii. p. 247.)
Genus AYITTA.
AviUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xv. p. 1675 (1858).
AVITTA KTJFIFRONS (Plate 215, Fig. 2).
Forewing dark purplish-brown ; with four transverse equidistant indistinct
blackish narrow fascife : liindwing dusky-brown ; cilia paler, edged with cinereous.
Thoras dark sepia-brown ; abdomen dusky-brown ; collar, head, palpi, and forelegs
above, ferruginous-red, edged with white ; middle and hindlegs, and tarsal bands
pale brown.
Expanse Its inch.
Ceylon. " Dickoya ; April " (3/rtrf-/coof?).
Family PYRALIDiE.
(Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 2(34.)
Genus TAMRACA.
Male. Forewing elongate, costa nearly straight, apex obtuse, exterior
margin oblique, slightly convex, posterior margin rounded towards the base ;
cell more than half the length, narrow; first subcostal about one-fifth, second
close to end of cell, third from the end, trifid ; discocellular slender, concave,
radials from upper and lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower
at one-third: hindwing moderately broad; exterior mai^gin convex; cell nearly
half the length ; subcostal free from the costal ; two subcostals from exti^eme end ;
discocellular bent above the middle, lower end long, very oblique ; radial from
very close to lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at fully one-third.
Body rather stout; labial palpi porrect, laxly scaled, second joint projecting half
beyond the head, third joint short ; maxillary palpi short, slender ; antennte
bipectinated to one-third the tip, the branches short and tipt with tufted cilice ;
legs rather short, stout ; tibice with short stout hairy scales, spurs stout.
Near to Cledeobia.
TAMRACA TORRIDAIIS (Plate 215, Fig. 7, 8, cJ ? ).
Ascqim torri.daUs, Lederer, Pyral. pp.342, 457, pi. 6, f. 15 (18G.3).
Pyralis torridalis, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii. p. 264.
Vcirnin incerta. Walker, Cutal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 829 (1865).
Cupreous-red. Forewing with a transverse excurved medial, and a nearly
straight denticulated postmedial yellow-bordered diffused blackish line ; the inner
area between the lines and also the outer border somewhat yellow ; a lunular
spot at end of the cell, and slender marginal spots blackish : hindwing with a
APPENDIX. 555
transverse medial and discal denticulated difBiiscd blackish line, the outer borders
of which, and the inner area, being yellow-, witli a whitii^h elongated spot below the
end of the cell; marginal spots blackish. Cilia blackish with a pale inner lino.
Body, palpi, and legs paler.
Eypanse 6 t'u inch, ? 1 ra inch.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. j\I. Mackwood's Collection.
Genus HERCULIA.
CLep. (if Ci-} loll, iii. p. 2G1.)'
HERCULIA BILINEATA (Platk 21-., Fig. 11).
Dark cinereous-red. Both wings crossed by an excurved antemcdial, and a
straight postmedial pale ochreous line. Cilia with a pale ochreous mner line.
Expanse ^ inch.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection,
Genus AGATHODES.
Arjathodes, Guenee, Dolt, et Pyralites, p. 207 (I80I); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii.
p. 377 (1859).
Stemirrjes, Lederer, Wien, Ent. Monats. vii. p. 416 (1863).
Forewing long, narrow, lanceolate ; apex acute, exterior margin oblique ; cell
nearly three-fifths the length ; first subcostal at fully one-third before end of cell,
second from angle very close to end, trifid, fifth from the end; discocellular slightly
concave, radials from close to each end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower
at one-fourth : hindwiug rather long, triangular, apex rounded ; cell nearly half the
length ; two subcostals at a short distance beyond end of cell, base of first joined
to the costal; discocellular outwardly-concave, radial from lower end; two upper
medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth. Body stout ; abdomen long, lanceolate ;
labial palpi robust, short, curved upward to vertex, laterally broad and compressed,
pilose, apex minute ; maxillary palpi slender, pilose at tip ; proboscis stout, squamous
above ; antennae simple, long ; legs smooth, long, spurs very long and slender,
{A. ostentalis.)
AGATHODES OSTENTALIS (Plate 215, Fig 10).
Perinephela ostentalis, Hiibuer, Geyer, Ziitr. Saram. Exot. ScLmett, pt. v. p. 11. Fig. S33-4
(1837).
Aijathodes ostentalis, Gueuee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 208 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. JI.
xvii. p. 378 (1859).
Stemirges ostentalis, LeJerer, Pjral. p. 417 (1863).
(.') Phala:na dentalis Fabrtcius, Ent. Syst. iii. 1. p. 241.
Forewing olivaceous ochreous-yellow ; costal edge and a slender mai'ginalhne
4 B 2
^56 THE LKriDOPTEnA OF CEYLOX.
wliitisli ; with an oblique cii:nson band extending from middle of the posterior
margin npward to middle of the exterior margin and thence to the costa before the
apex ; edges of the band with a narrow bordering white line ; cilia crimson : hind-
wing a?ncscent olivaceous-yellow, semihyaline, with a brownish apical marginal
fascia ; cilia whitish. Body olivaceous ochreous-yollow, with three basal white
l)ands ; base of palpi, and legs white.
Expanse 1^ to 1| inch.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Genus COPTOBASIS (Lop. of Ceylon, iii. p. 291).
COPTOBASIS DEFICIENS (Plate 215, Fig. 12).
Cuprescent cinereous-brown. Forewing crossed by an extremely indistinct pale
bordered brown curved antemedial line, and an irregular postmedial line, the latter
curved inward to below end of the cell and with a yellow streak at its costal end ;
an indistinct pale-bordered brown lunule at end of the cell : hindwing with a very
indistinct curved discal pale fascia. Cilia edged with cinereous-white. Anal tuft
of male ochreous ; base of palpi and ^Jectus white.
Expanse S 1% inch.
Ceylon.
Nearest to C. adilnrfalis.
COPTOBASIS COLOMBOENSIS (Plate 215, Fig. 13).
Violet-brown, glossy, iridescent. Forewing crossed by a diffused blackish
excurved antemedial line, and an irregular postmedial line, which is curved inward to
below end of the cell ; a blackish streak at end of the cell, and a spot in the middle :
hindwing with a very faint darker curved discal line, and small cell spot. Cilia with
a slender pale inner line. Base of palpi, pectus, and legs cinereous-white ; fore tibiaj
Avith a brown band.
Expanse 1 inch.
Ceylon. " Colombo, December " (MackwooJ.)
Near to C. ciiprealis, from the Andamans.
Genus CATACLYSTA (U-p. ofCeylou, iii. p. 299).
CATACLYSTA DELICATA (Platk 21.i, Fig. 5,S).
Male. White, shining. Forewing with an ochreous-yellow band along base of
the costa, two discal bands, and an upper marginal band, the three latter unitino-
above the posterior angle, a band also curving from near the base to near the
A PPENDIX. 557
posterior angle ; a very slender blackish line along inner edge of the marginal hand ;
the costal baud and anterior end of the two discal bands tinged with brownish-
ochreous : hindwing with a broad medial wavy ochreous band and basal spot, and
four large black quadrate marginal spots with an intervening silver spook. Abdo-
men with an ochreous basal band.
Expanse tIj inch.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Genus Glyphodes (Lop. of Ceylon, iii. p. 320).
GLYPHODES ZELIMALIS (Pirate 215, Fic. (i).
Glyphodes ZeUmalis, Walker, Catiil. Lep. Ilet B. M.xvii. p. 502 (1859) ; .xix. p. 974 (1859).
Forewing purplish ochreous-brown ; with a broad hyaline opalescent-white
outwardly-oblique medial band, and an inwardly-oblique discal band, the latter
decreasing to a point above the posterior margin ; both bands outwardly bordered by
a slender contiguous pale-bordered brown line, the outer line also bordered by a
lilacine fascia ; basal area traversed by oblique pale streaks ; a short pale line
traversing the medial brown space ; cilia paler ochreous-brown : hindwing hyaline
opalescent-white, with a lower outer marginal purplish ochreous-brown band
traversed by a discal darker brown lilacine-bordered line ; a short brown streak
below end of the cell. Body above purplish ochreous-brown ; tegute, base of palpi,
body and legs beneath white, legs above ochreous-white.
B.xpanse lyV inch.
Ceylon.
From Mr. F. M. Mackwood's Collection.
Family CRAMBIDiE,
Genus CATAGELA (Lep. of Ceylon, iii. p. 385j.
CATAGELA LEUCANIA, Feldcr d Kogcnh. Nov. Voy. Lep. v. Plate 137, Fjc. 13 (1875).
Ceylon.
Family ^GERIIDiE.
" Wings horizontal in repose, generally naked, with the tips above opaque.
AutenniE fusiform, a little curved, ciliated in the male, the apex terminating in a
55S TIJE LEPIDOPTKBA OF CEYLOK.
])liiiiie of scales; ocelli two, minute, placed between the antenna and base of the
tliorax ; palpi elongate, thickly clothed with scales and long hairs, third joint
elongate ; abdomen cylindric, tufted at the apex.
" Fhght diurnal.
" Larva subcylindrical, hirsute, tailless ; pale and fleshy, residing beneath the
Ijurk, pith, or internal substances of various trees. Pupa elongate, with a row of
spines on each segment; changes in the interior of plants."
Genus MELITTIA.
Mrlinia, Iliibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 128 (1818-25).
Forewing narrow, long ; posterior margin recurved ; cell fully two-thirds the
length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fifth before end of the cell, second and third close
to the end, approximate, fourth from end of cell, bifid at half its length beyond the cell;
discocellular bent slightly outward at one-third and two-thirds its length, the middle
also bent inward and emitting a short veinlet within the cell ; radials from outer
angles of the discocellular ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower
very close to the middle branch; submediau short, slender: hindwing rather long,
exterior margin very oblique, anal angle very convex; costal vein extending along
edge of the margin, short; subcostal partly confluent with the costal; cell half the
length ; two subcostals emitted at one-fourth beyond the cell, the base and upper
branch extending close along edge of the costa ; discocellular outwardly oblique,
bent in the middle, radial from the angle; middle median one third before end of
cell, lower at one-half; a straight snbmedian and two internal veins. Body stout;
abdomen oblanceolate, extending three-fourths beyond hindwings ; head rather
broad ; labial palpi ascending, second joint reaching level of the vertex, broad in front,
pilose, third joint lanceolate, nearly half length of second ; antennas snbclavate,
curved at apex, with short fine ciliaj in front to near the end, the cili» arranged in
tufts, ihe tip also with a short tuft; legs stout ; fore and middle legs laxly sijuamons,
base of middle tarsi pilose ; hind legs and tarsi densely pdose, outer sjiurs very
loner.
Tijpc, ]\]. bombyliformis.
MELITTIA PHORCUS.
Melittia rhorciis, Westwood, Cabinet of Oi'icnt. Ent. p. 62, pi. 30 Fig. 7 (] 847-8).
Purplish black : forewing with a hyaline streak extending below the cell, two
similar streaks within the cell, and an oval hyaline vein-lined spot beyond the cell ;
the discoidal and apical area speckled with a few ochreous-red and white scales ;
base of posterior margin also covered with ochreous-red scales : hindwing hyaline,
APPEyDIX. 559
traversed by black veins ; base with a few ochreous-red scales. Cilia cinereous black.
Collar and lower part of thorax ochreous-red ; antennae black, the tip reddish ;
palpi and pectus, and forelegs beneath yellow, interspersed with black hairs above ;
middle femora aiid tibice beneath with yellow and white hairs, tibia and tarsi above
black ; hind tibiae outwardly clothed with long yellow and ochreous red hairs, the
tibi;^ inwardly, and tarsi clothed with long black hairs ; abdomen above with slender
ochreous yellow segmental bands.
Expanse l^inch.
Genus .^GERIA.
.'Egeria, Fabricuis, lUiger's Mag. Ins. vi. p. 288(1807); Samouelle, Eat. U.C. p. 245 (1819) ;
Stephens, 111. Haust, i. p. 138 (1828) ; Leach, Edin. Enc. ix. p. 131 (1830) ; CliiUren, Philos.
Mas. 1830, p. 123.
.EGERIA FLAVICAUDATA (Plate 211, Fig. 12, S)-
Wings transparent. Forewing with the costal border and a band across end of
the cell purple-black ; outer border and cilia greyish-black : hindwing with greyish-
black cilia. Head and palpi black ; thorax and abdomen dark purple-black ; collar,
and a baud near apex of abdomen white ; anal tuft ochreous, laterally edged with
black ; legs blackish ; hind legs yellowish beneath.
Expanse f inch.
Ceylon. " Punduloya ; March" {E. E. Green),
INDEX OF GENEEA AND SPECIES.
VOL. III.
Ahraxes, Curtis, 3o7.
Abkostola, Ochs. 68.
nubila, Moore, 549.
trausfixa, Walker, 69.
AcANTHOLiPES, LeJerer, 186.
trifasciata, Moore, 187.
AcHiEA, Hiibn. 163.
combiuans, Walker, 165.
cyllaria, Giieu. 115.
cyllota, GuL'ii. 115.
expectans. Walker, 172.
fust/era. Walker, 116.
Ino, Hiibn. 164.
Melicerta, Driiry, 163.
Mezentia, Cram. 165.
reversa, Walker, 165.
serva, Fahr. 164.
signivitta. Walker, 115.
AcHARANA, Moore, 285.
otreusalis. Walker, 285.
prasteritalis. Walker, 285.
similis, Moore, 286.
Acidalia, Treit. 451, 452.
absconditaria, Walker, 454.
actiosaria. Walker, 453.
actuaria. Walker, 453.
addictaria. Walker, 451.
adeptaria, Walker, 454.
asptlataria. Walker, 454.
attentata, Walker, 454.
cwsaria. Walker, 454.
cleoraria. Walker, 455.
defamataria. Walker, 456.
deliciosaria. Walker, 451.
extimaria. Walker, 455.
Jihulata, Gueu. 455.
imprimata. Walker, 457.
inamata, Walker, 406.
VOL. III.
Acidalia metaspilarin. Walker, 451.
negataria, Walker, 454.
nesciaria, Walker, 454.
ohturbata, Walker, 454.
pallicinctaria. Walker, 451.
pedilata, Felder, 452.
jHrfectaria, Walker, 454.
simpliciaria. Walker, 406.
turpisaria. Walker, 452.
Acidalida:, 447.
Aciptilus leueadacti/lus, Walker, 528.
ACONTIA, Ochs. 41.
destituta. Walker, 48.
fasciculosa, Walker, 46.
flava, Fabr. 42.
imitata, Moore, 42.
mf/a, Fekler, 48.
intersepta, Gue'n. 42.
olivea, Guen. 47.
signiftra. Walker, 47.
subjixa. Walker, 47.
trojnca, Guen. 47.
ACONTIID^, 41.
AcROBASis, Zeller, 359.
imbella. Walker, 375.
injicita. Walker, 358.
Ligeralis, Walker, 359.
iindulatella. Walker, 360.
Acronyeta pruinosa, Gueu. 5.
Acropteris comprimaria, Hiibn. 541.
Adisdra, Moore, 51.
pallida, Moore, 52.
AdoUas Pmeda, Moore, 529.
Adrapsa, Walker, 244.
ablualis. Walker, 245.
Adris, Moore, 135.
rutilus, Moore, 136.
uEdiodes, Guen. 287.
^diodes bootanalis, Walker, 272.
effertalis, Walker, 288.
Jlavibasalis, Guen. 287.
insjiersalis, Ledcrer, 272.
MG%n}\, Fabr. 559.
flavicaudata, Moore, 559.
iEoERiiD^, 557.
^gilia. Walker, 122.
describens. Walker, 122.
^THiA, Hubn. 232.
albicosta, Moore, 232.
iETHOLix, Lederer, 287.
flavibasalis. Gum. 287.
Agathia, Guen. 436.
catenaria. Walker, 437.
Hemithearia, Gum. 438.
intercissa, Walker, 437.
lietata, Fabr. 437.
magnifica, Moore, 438.
Agathodes, Guen. 555.
ostentalis, Hiibn. 555.
Aginna, Walker, 233.
robustalis, Gii>'n. 234.
Aglossa, Latr. 266.
gnidusalis. Walker, 266.
Agonista, Rogenboffer, 139.
reducens. Walker, 140.
Agrotera, Schrauk. 288.
effertalis. Walker, 288.
Agrotis, Hiibn. 31.
aristifera, Guihi. 32.
congrua. Walker, 33.
conspureata. Walker, 33.
plagiata. Walker, 34.
pjlagifera. Walker, 34.
punctipes. Walker, 32.
snbmarginaUs, Walker, 19.
suffusa, Gmel. 33.
i C
562
INDEX.
Aijrotis transducta. Walker, 19.
Alamis meleagrin, Felder, 96.
spolialn, Walker, 30.
Alana, Walker, 396.
rnhiginnta, Walker, 397.
vexilliaria, Gmm. 397.
Alafa, Walker, 366.
aiiticalis, Walker, 367.
Alavona, Walker, 503.
taprobana, Moore, 603.
Thwaitesii, Moore, 503.
Aletia, Hiibn. 6.
reversa, Moore, 6.
Amaurinia ruhroUmhataria, Guen,
427.
AmUothridin, Walleng. 504.
Amblyciiia, Guen. 4"21.
torrida, Moore, 421.
Ameltptilia, Hiibn. 527.
argyriodactylus. Walker, 527.
taprobaiies, Felder, 527.
Ametris vulperaria. Cram. 439.
Amphidasid^, 406.
Amphigonia, Guen. 214.
bepatizans, Guen. 213.
Amphigoniidjs, 213.
Amyna, Guen. 29.
ahsens, Guen. 30.
selenamplia, Giu'n. 30.
Analtes, Lederev, 318.
disjuuctalis. Walker, 319.
Idyalis, Walker, 319.
AxARSiA, Zeller, 516.
monetella. Walker, 516.
Anctlolomia, Ilidjn. 381.
argentata, Moore, 382.
basistriga, Moore, 382.
taprobanensis, Zeller, 381.
Anerastia, Hiibn. 357.
adaptella, Walker, 357.
celsella, Walker, 357.
inficita, Walker, 358.
Anereuthina, Hiibu. 171.
condita, Walker, 173.
eurvifera, Walker, 174.
divisa. Walker, 172.
expectans, Walker, 172.
frontalis, Walker, 173.
includens. Walker, 172.
trigonifera. Walker, 173.
Angekona, Dnp. 390.
cessaria, Walker, 390.
Angerona prcrcl araria, Walker, 390.
Anisodes, Guen. 443.
acuta, Moore, 445.
arenosaria, Moore, 445.
caligata. Walker, 444.
caruearia. Walker, 444.
ignorata. Walker, 445.
initaria. Walker, 44G.
nebulosata. Walker, 445.
obliviaria. Walker, 443.
ohrimaria. Walker, 446.
obriuaria, Guen. 443.
ovisignata, 3foore, 444.
pallida, Moore, 445.
pardaria, Guen. 447.
patrnelis, Moore, 444.
pyriniata. Walker, 206.
subroseata. Walker, 415.
Anodapha, Moore, 91.
boarmoides, Gu/'ii. 92.
erubescens. Walker, 92.
Anomis fulvida, Guen. 85.
Anophia, Guen. 117.
diphteroides, Moore, 118.
lateralis, Walker, 119.
olive.seens, Guen. 117, 551.
Anoratha, Moore, 219.
paritalis, Walker, 219.
Ansa, Walker, 174.
filipalpis, Walker, 174.
Anthophila, Haworth, 497.
Anthopiiila, Hiibn. 52.
derogata. Walker, 53.
divisa, Moore, 53.
hemirhoda, Walker, 53.
roseifascia. Walker, 53.
Antiiophilid.e, 52.
Anticlea, Stephens, 485.
occlusata, Felder, 485.
Apamea, Oclis. 27.
consanguis. Gum. 28.
pannosa, Moore, 27.
vndicilia. Walker, 28.
Apamiid.e, 14.
Aphnfeus nubilus, lloore, 530.
Aphusia, Walker, 489.
speiplena. Walker, 490.
Aplocera, Steph. 477.
Apona, Walker, 545.
Shevaroyensis, Moore, 545.
Appana, Moore, 547.
cingalesa, Moore, 548.
Appliadnna, Walker, 251.
evulsalis. Walker, 251
A^ipias aperla, Butler, 532.
vacans, 532.
Apurima, Walker, 388.
costalis, Moore, 388.
xanthogastrella. Walker, 388.
Akamuna, Moore, 35.
niarginata, Moore, 36.
Aeasada, Moore, 188.
pyralifbrrais, Moore, 189.
Ara.res, Stephens, 357, 382.
admigratella, Walker, 383.
celsella. Walker, 357, 383.
decursella, Walker, 387.
famulella. Walker, 383.
Arcte, Kollar, 112.
crerulea, Guen. 112.
taprobana, Moore, 113.
Argadesa, Moore, 133.
materna, Linn. 133.
Argiva, Hiibn. 145.
hieroglyph iea, Drnrij, 14G.
inacTops, Hiilm. 145.
Argyria, Guen. 538.
• dellaria. Walker, 539.
Akiola, Walker, 40.
hryophillna, Felder, 125.
caslisigna. Walker, 41.
Ransonnetii, Felder, 41.
Aripana, Moore, 312.
caberalis, Guru. 312.
lactiferalis, Walker, 313.
meritalis, Walk(r, 313.
Aeraue, Walker, 373.
erebusalis. Walker, 373.
Arrhostia, Hiibn. 452.
Aksacia, Walker, 77.
saturalis. Walker, 78.
Arsilonche, Lederer, 8.
confusa, Moore, 9.
Arucha, Walker, 366.
Ascalapha, Hiibu. 159.
Axopia, Treitschke, 262, 270.
ahruptaiis. Walker, 277.
nritheiiialis, Walker, 270.
dotatalts, Walker, 277.
eryxaiis, Walker, 280.
falsidicalis. Walker, 277.
latimarginaUi<, Walker, 277.
Lydialix, Walker, 270.
NiohsuUs, Walker, 278.
INDEX.
RG3
Asopia ornatii!i.<, Diip. 297.
pnvtcritnh's, VV'alker, 273.
torriduUs, Leilerer, 264, oo4.
vidgalis, Guen. 276.
Afpilates parallelaria, Walker, 471.
snsceptan'a. Walker, 393.
Assam, Walker, 366.
albicoKtalis, Walker, 367.
AsTHENA, llubn. 449.
siiuaiulava, Walker, 449.
AsTRAPETis, Iliibn. 38.
indistaus, \]\i/kei; 38.
ruptistriga, Walker, 38.
AstU7-a Ersea/is, Walker, 333.
guttatalis. Walker, 333.
pnnctife.ralis, Griien. 333.
Attatha, Moore, .537.
regalis, Moore, .587.
Atteva, AValker, 504.
impariguttella, Zeller, 505.
AcCHA, Walker, 129.
velaii?, WalLer. 130.
AuRANA, Walker, 360.
actiosella. Walker, 360.
Auxomitia, Lederer, 331.
mirificalis, Lederer, 331.
Avatha inchidens. Walker, 172.
Avitta rufitVou?, Moore, 554.
AxTLiA, Iliibn. 7.
fasciata, Moore, 7.
AzATA, Walker, 469.
ferrugiuata, Moore, 470.
qiiadraria, Moore, 469.
AzAZiA, Walker, 204.
rubrical).'*, Boisd. 204.
Azelina clelia, Walker, 395.
AziNis, Walker, 505.
hilarelia. Walker, 506.
Bacotoma, Moore, 282.
abJLingalis, Walker, 282.
Bagada, Walker, 48.
pyrochroma, Walker, 48, 548.
Ballatha, Walker, 440.
atrotumens. Walker, 441.
Bankia lativitta, Moore, 56.
Bartjosa, Walker, 396.
chacoraca, Walker, 396.
chanduhija. Walker, 396.
diiitravta. Walker, 396.
Bendiu^e, 155.
Bendis caranea, Hiibn. 155.
Beregra, Walker, 151.
Beregra replf tints. Walker, 152.
Behkesa, Walkei-, 25.
Natalis, Walker, 26.
Berta, Walker, 435.
clirysolineata, Walker, 435.
gavissima. Walker, 435.
Bertula, Walker, 239.
abjiidicaliSj Walker, 239.
contingens-, Walker, 240.
vii/xalis, Walker, 236.
raptalis, Walker, 235.
Bibasis Sena, 533.
Birtha, Walker, 75.
insiilata. Walker, 75.
Bithia, Walker, 456.
e.rclusa, Walker, 457.
lignaria, Walker, 457.
Bithiasa, Walker, 243.
determinata. Walker, 244.
Blabophanes, Zeller, 503.
longella. Walker, 503.
Blenina, Walker, 128.
aceipieus. Walker, 129.
donaiis. Walker, 129.
Bleptina jucundalis. Walker, 260.
omariusaliii, Walker, 242.
minoruUs, Walker, 241.
spureatalis. Walker, 252.
BoARMiA, Treit. 412.
adamata, Felder, 410.
alicriaria, Walker, 415.
Bhurmitra, Walker, 412.
caritaria, Walker, 418.
cessaria. Walker, 390.
Ceylonaria, Nietner, 413.
diffluaria. Walker, 413.
diffusaria, Walker, 412.
diaterminata. Walker, 408.
exclusaria, Walker, 413.
gelidaria, Walker, 415.
inronclusa. Walker, 418.
injectaria, Walker, 416.
intectaria. Walker, 414.
leucofstigmaria, Nietner, 420.
lineataria, Walker, 416.
procursaria, Walker, 415.
raptataria, Walker, 408.
retractaria, Walker, 414.
separata. Walker, 414.
suhlavaria, Giien. 414.
subhctaria, Walker, 416.
suia^sa. Walker, 407.
c 2
Boar/Ilia susceptana, Walker, 412.
traiiscifma, Walker, 416.
BOARMIID^E, 408.
BocANA, Walker, 243.
aclilne, Felder, 249.
determinata, Walker, 244.
(liijratniiia,- Walker, 254.
geometroides, Walker, 244.
gravatalis, Walker, 238.
Iiypenalu, Walker, 236.
jatalis, Walker, 236.
manif'estalis, Walkei', 243.
ophiusalis. Walker, 247.
paiiipliiisalis, Walker, 24S.
subapiealis, Moore, 244.
tumidaiis. Walker, 239.
turpatalis, Walker, 234.
BoccHORis, Moore, 271.
inspersalis, Zeller, 272.
Bolina obstructa. Walker, 2.
BOMBYCOID^, 3.
Boiiibyx glorioscp, Fabr. 1 3.
BoMOLOCHA, Hiibn. 221.
vestita, Walker, 221.
BoRBACHA, Moore, 446.
pardaria, Gucn. 447.
BoSTRA, Walker, 264.
illusella. Walker, 264.
BoTYODES, Guen. 334.
Asialis, Guen. 335.
Boii/s, Latr. 304.
abducialis. Walker, 292.
abjimctalis, Lederer, 282.
abjiingalis. Walker, 282.
ahlactalis. Walker, 339.
abnegatuUs, Lederer, 295.
ahriiptalis, Walker, 277.
abstriisalis, Walker, 285.
acerrimalis, Walker, 281.
adlmsalis. Walker, 287.
admensalis. Walker, 339.
admixtalis. Walker, 286.
agrotalis, Snellen, 279.
annnlalis, Walker, 341.
annuligcralis, Walker, 315,
amccnalis. Walker, 275.
amijntusalis, Walker, 270.
apertalls,- Walker, 280.
basalis, Walker, 280,
hicolor. Swains. 321.
Boteralis, Walker, 337.
bracteolalis, Zeller, 295.
0G4
INDEX.
Ik'ti/s brevilincalis, Walker, 341.
celatalis, Walker, 345.
celsaHs, Walker, 325.
convectalis, Walker, 284.
CTeonalis, Walker, 284.
CTOtonalis, Walker, 292.
ct/naraiis, Walker, 341,
Damasalis, Walker, 287.
deciusaUii, Walker, 344.
deductalu, Walker, 338.
DiaUs, Walker, 340.
disjunctalis, Walker, 319.
Drynpeab's, Walker, 342.
Evaxalis, Walker, 333.
favstalis, Lederer, 311.
fiexissimilis. Walker, 317.
histricalis, Walker, 276.
Idyahs, AValker, 319.
illectaUs, Walker, 277
ivimundalis. Walker, 285.
inscisalis, Walker, 290.
intcrriiptali.'t, Walker, 339.
iolmlis, Walker, 281.
Janupalix, Walker, 342.
Jopasalis, Walker, 337.
jummdalis, Lederer, 277.
Imiiinalis, Lederer, 292.
lunalis, Walker, 291.
malivsalis, Walker, 276.
viarginalig, Swains. 336.
mariusalis, Walker, 282.
molusalis, Walker, 296.
monesiisalis. Walker, 353.
7nultiIin(Hilis, Gueu. 31.5.
mutiudis, Zeller, 279.
myrlnalis, Walker, 340.
neloalis, Walker, 285.
neoclesialis, Walker, 284.
nephealis, Walker, 341.
nicippealis, Walker, 333.
octof/uttalis, Felder, 343.
0 reusalis, Walker, 285.
Panceusalis, Walker, 286.
ph<topteralis, Walker, 285.
Phanasalis, Walker, 353.
Phnraxalis, Walker, 285.
Phrynevsalis, Walker, 290.
Phycidalis, Walker, 291.
plai;iata/is, Walker, 337.
polycleata. Walker, 478.
Pra-teritiiH/t, Walker, 285.
piuicliferalis, Lederer, 333.
Bolijs Rmnhiiririlis, Diip. 296.
reductalis. Walker, 276.
retractalis, Walker, 279.
rurah's, Walker, 282.
rutdidm. Walker, 281.
saturalis, Trcit. 297.
sellalis, Walker, 335.
semizebralis, Walker, 270.
signatalia, Walker, 311.
stultulis, Walker, 279.
subjunctalis, Walker, 290.
siispicalis, Walker, 284.
Thahalis, Walker, 340.
Thyasalis, Walker, 291.
triurialis, Walker, 285.
tropicalis, Walker, 293.
ulthnalis, Walker, 339.
uMalis, Lederer, 270.
vulsalis, Walker, 260.
Bradyepetes, Steph. 457.
Brana, Walker, 43.
calopasa, Walker, 44.
Briada, Walker, 98.
precedens. Walker, 98.
Briarda decens. Walker, 550.
Brotis Cydoniaria, Hiibn. 216.
Bryophila, Treit. 2.
semipai's. Walker, 3, 248.
BRrOPUILIDiE, 2.
Bulina, Walkei-, 379.
solitelln, Walker, 379.
Bdzuiia, Walker, 406.
strigaiia, Moore, 407.
Bylazora, Walker, 416.
Ceylonica, Moore, 417.
Bttcrna, Moore, 254.
cucullata, Moore, 254.
digramma. Walker, 254.
Gahera, Treit. 462.
Caberiid^, 462.
Cabragus, Moore, 370.
auritipalpus, Moore, 371.
Cachura, Walker, 526.
olijectella. Walker, 526.
Cacoecia, Hiibn. 492.
micaceana. Walker, 492.
Cacyparis, Walker, 440.
iusolitata, Walker, 441.
Cadarena, Moore, 335.
siuuata, Fahr. 336.
Cadra, Walker, 370.
defectella. Walker, 370.
Caduca, Moore, 96.
meleagris, Felder, 96.
Calduba, Walker, 82.
obtenta, Walker, 82.
Calesia, Giien. 182.
comoita, Guen. 182.
dasyptera, KoHar, 182.
haijiioi'ilioa, Guen. 183.
leucostigma, KoUar, 182.
Pa?nw, ^Felder, 183.
sti(jmoleuca, Guen. 182.
Callopistria, Hubn. 59.
exotica, Guen. 60.
recurvata, Moore, 60.
Calluga, Moore, 480.
costalis, Moore, 480.
Calt.yna, Guen. 99.
costiplaga, Moore, 100.
Calogramma, Guen. 20.
festiva, Donov. 21.
picta, Guen. 21.
Caloptera, Frivaldsky, 538.
Calpe, Traits. 78.
minuticornis, Guen. 78.
Calpid^, 7G.
Ciih/mma Orosia, Hiibn. 220.
Calyptra, Ochs. 78.
Cambofjia ariferata, Walker, 449.
Camptogramma, Steph. 487.
baccata, Guen. 486.
blitearia. Walker, 487.
Cangetta, Moore, 314.
recniinea, Moore, 314.
Canthelia, Walker, 361.
eegnusalis, Walker, 362.
(7r«^('//n, Walker, 362.-
lateritialis. Walker, 362.
Capnodes, Guen. 211.
finipalpis. Walker, 211.
maculicosta, Walker, 211.
minor, Moore, 212.
tetraspila. Walker, 211.
trifasciata, Moore, 211.
Caprilia, Walker, 472.
vesicularia, Walker, 473.
Carandana, Moore, 45.
fasciculosa, Moore, 46.
Caradrinid^e, 29.
Caeanilla, Moore, 169.
onelia, Guen. 169.
Cataclysta, Hiilin. 299.
angulata, Moore, 300
INDEX.
'>65
Catacli/sia bmeclalis, Walker, 304.
blaiulialis, Wa/lcer, 299.
cuneifera, Afoore, 300.
(lelicata, Moore, SSG.
Elutulls, Walker, 297.
nijmpha, Butler, 301.
oruaia, Moore, 299.
Catada, Walker, 245.
cajJtiosaiis, Walker, 237.
epops, Felder, 193.
ylomeralis, Walker, 246.
vagalls, Walker, 246.
Catagela, Walker, 385.
adjiirella. Walker, 385.
adiuotella, Walker, 386.
leiicania, Felder, 557.
Catepuia, Oclis. 113.
iiiiteola, Gneu. 114.
Catephiid.e, 112.
Catocala, Schrank, 127.
Rama, Moore, 128.
Catocalid.e, 127.
Catoeia, Moore, 414.
procursaria. Walker, 415.
sublavarla, Guru. 414.
Caunixda, Moore, 190.
ai'chesia. Cram. 191.
Celcrna serva, Walker, 28.
Celesdera, Walker, 475.
schistifusata. Walker, 476.
Cerhia, Walker, 91.
Cen'rjo, Stephens, 24.
Chabula, Moore, 317.
acainasalis. Walker, 317.
Chalciope, Hiibn. 179.
Hyppasia, Hiibn. 186.
lycopodia, Gejer, 190.
mygdon, Cram. 180.
Chasinina, Walker, 43.
glabra. Walker, 43.
Pavo, Walker, 45.
Chilena, Walker, 543.
similis. Walker, 543.
Chilo, Zinken-Sommer, 383.
aditellus, Walker, 384.
colonellus, Costa, 367.
desi-talis, Walkec, 384.
dodatellus, Walker, 384.
grationellus, Walker, 385.
7najorellu!f, Costa, 367.
Chizala, Walker, 391.
dcceptatura. Walker, 392.
Chlumetia, Wttlker, 67.
cgon«, Walker, 08.
Qiittivimtria, Walker, G7.
transversa. Walker, 67.
CuNAUBA, Lcderer, 271.
octavialis, Walker, 271.
Chogada, Moore, 415.
alieuaria, Walker, A\h.
injectaria, Walker, 416.
Chollida falcnta,, Walker, 392.
Choreltid^e, 496.
Churia, Moore, 50.
maculata, Moore, 50.
Chcsaris, Walker, 251.
punctilinealis, Walker, 252.
retatalis, Walker, 252.
Cidaria molata, Felder, 489.
ovclusata, Felder, 485.
palpata. Walker, 479.
peracutata, Walker, 486.
Cimitra, Walker, 499.
serlii.«ella, Walker, 499.
CiRCOBOTi's, Butler, 342.
octoguttalis, Felder, 343.
Cirrcedia edentata, Walker, 84.
variolosa. Walker, 84.
Claterna, Walker, 215.
Cydonia, Cram. 216.
exagens. Walker, 216.
Cleora Pulinda, "Walker, 471.
Clettiiara, Walker, 105.
basalis, Moore, 105.
Cnapiialoceocis, Lederer, 281.
joUnalis, Lederer, 281.
mediualis, Guen. 281.
Cnephasia, Curtis, 494.
flexilineana, Walker, 494.
Cocytodes, Giien. 112.
ccerulea, Giien. 112.
Codonia, Hiibn. 441.
COLLIX, Gnen. 482.
contributaiia. Walker, 483.
Ghoslia, Walker, 482.
hypospilata, Gui'n. 482.
Comib.ena, Hiibn. 433.
biplagiata. Walker, 435.
devcxata, Walker, 433.
dispaiisa, Walker, 433.
divapala, Walker, 434.
gavissiiiia. Walker, 435.
pannosa, Moore, 433.
semialba, Walker, 434.
Conchylodes, Mcyriok, 312.
ahdicaUsi, Lederer, 312.
baptalis, Snellen, 313.
caberalis, Lederer, 312.
merilalis, Meyr. 313.
Condeoa, Moore, 344.
obscurata, Moore, 345.
CoNOGETHES, Meyrick, 332.
punctiferalis, Guen. 333.
CoPTor.Asis, Lederer, 291.
abiiuctalis. Walker, 292.
Colomboensis, Moore, 556.
crotonalis, Walker, 292.
defielenf, Moore, 556.
fratcrna, Moore, 292.
lunalis, Walker, 291.
Thgasalis, Lederer, 291.
tropicalis. Walker, 293.
CoRCOBARA, Moore, 218.
angulipennis, Moore, 218.
Thwaitesii, Moore, 218.
CoRGATHA, Walker, 241.
minoralis. Walker, 241.
omariusalis, Walker, 242.
renalis, Moore, 242.
zonalis. Walker, 241.
Corinea, Walker, 504.
CoKSA, Walker, 99.
lignicolora, Walkir, 99.
Corycia, Hiibn. 130.
Cajeta, Hiibu. 131.
magica, Hiibn. 158.
CouTMiCA, Walker, 472.
aruearia, Walker, 473.
CoSMOPHiLA, Boisd. 83.
indica, Guen. 84.
xantbyndima, Boisd. 84.
CoTACHENA, Moore, 275.
histricalis. Walker, 276.
Co<»za, Walker, 200.
drepanoides. Walker, 201.
Cra.mbid.«, 376.
Crambopsis, Walker, 12.
excludens. Walker, 12.
Crambds, Fabr. 379.
conchinelhis. Walker, 380.
desistalis. Walker, 384.
erraineiis, Moore, 380.
hapaliscus, Zeller, 380.
sabnlinus, Butler, 367.
Craspedia, Hiibn. 451.
addietaria. Walker, 451.
')C6
INDEX.
Craspedia (leliciosaria, Walker, 451 .
pedilatii, Ffl(l,-r, 452.
turpisaria, Walker, 452.
Croc-hipliora textulalis, Hiibii. 298.
Cryaitsa, Walker, 63.
bifwies. Walker, 64.
Crtptolechia, Zeller, 519.
Jilutiooniis, Wahinglunii, 51',).
intermedia, Felcler, 519.
spilotella, Walker, 519.
tripu.stulata, Wahinrjhain, Tn'O.
Cdlladia, Moore, .382.
ailmig;ratclla, Walker, 383.
caBsella, Walkrr, 383.
famulella, Walker, 383.
CusiALA, Moore, 407.
boarmokles, 407.
(li.sterminat:i. Walker, 408.
raptataria, Walker, 408.
suiassa, W((lker, 407.
CcsuMA, Moore, 424.
limbata, Moore, 424.
Tilis, Walker, 424.
CyclodeSj Guen. 151.
omma, V. d. Hoeven. 152.
Cyclophoka, Hiibn. 441.
abbadraca. Walker, 442.
invexata. Walker, 442.
pendularia, Linn. 443.
quieta, SwinJwe, 443.
CrcLOPnoRiDyE, 441.
Cydalima, Lederer, 325.
conchylalis, Guen. 326.
laticostaljp, Guni. 326.
Cijrnntida, Sodoff. 452.
CYlIATOPnORIDyE, 1.
Cymoriza, Guen. 302.
aeclaralis. Walker, 303.
Poritiaiis, Walker, 303.
Dadessa, Moore, 333.
Evaxalis, Walker, 333.
Danaga, Moore, 272.
coneisali.s. Walker, 272.
Dapha, Walker, 370.
valeiisalLs, Walker, 370.
Daphnis Ernestina, Moore, 534.
Dasycbira pudica, Moore, 538.
Davendea, Moore, 520.
Mackwoodii, Moore, 520.
Daxata, Walker, 197.
bijungeus. Walker, 198.
Deba, Walker, 343.
Deha iiiilvhialis, Swinlioe, 344.
surrectalis, Walker, 344.
Decetia posticata. Walker, 406.
Decuaria, Walker, 517.
mendicella, Walker, 518.
Deilinia, Hiibn. 402.
costata, Moore, 463.
Delgamma, Moore, 168.
calorifie.a. Walker, 168.
Depressaria, Hawortb, 508.
angusta, Wahingkam, 508.
Demnia affiictedis, Guen. 272.
concisedis, Walker, 272.
Deva, Walker, 74.
conducens. Walker, 7-5.
Diasemia, Hiibn. 296.
impulsalis, Walker, 297.
leitcopluvalis, Walker, 296.
Eamburialis, Dvp. 296.
reconditalis, Walker, 296.
DiCHELiA, Guen. 492.
retractaua, Wtdktr, 492.
Diclwnia, Hiibu. 38.
Dichromia, Gueu. 220.
orosia. Cram. 220.
pullata, Moore, 221.
DiDUGA, Moore, 535.
cosfata, Moore, 53.5.
DiEENA, Walker, 187.
acautbusali?. Walker, 188.
DiNUMMA, Walker, 100.
placens. Walker, 101.
DioMEA, Walker, 198.
chloromella. Walker, 111, 249.
muscosa, Walker, 124, 248.
orbicularis, Walker, 111.
repiilsa. Walker, 244.
rotuudata, Walker, 199.
DiPHTHEEA, Hiibn. 3.
deceptura, Walker, 4.
DiRADES, Walker, 399.
adjutaria. Walker, 400.
binotata. Walker, 399.
conchiferata, Moore, 403.
couifer.a, Moore, 399.
ferrugata. Walker, 401.
figuraria. Walker, 404.
irrorata, Moore, 403.
latifaseiata, Moore, 403.
lilaciua, Moore, 402.
obscuraria, Moore, 400.
Palaca, Walker, 401.
DiRADES parvula, Moore, 402.
prunaria, Moore, 400.
quadricalidata. Walker, 401.
Rhagavata^ Walker, 402.
DoDANGA, Moore, 331.
lobipeuuis, Moore, 332.
DoLiCHOSTicHA, Meyrick, 282.
venilialis. Walker, 282.
Donachlora, Sodoffsky, 9.
DoEANAGA, Moore, 553.
apicalis, Moore, 553.
striatura, Moore, 553.
DosARA, Walker, 351.
cffilatalis. Walker, 351.
itnmeritalis. Walker, 387.
lapsalis, Walker, 351.
Dosithea, Dup. 451.
DoTHTHA, Walker, 265.
meseuterialis. Walker, 265.
suifusalis, Walker, 266.
Dragana, Walker, 251.
Pan.valis, Walker, 251.
Deapetodes, Guen. 541.
fratercula, Moore, 541.
Draste ia archesia, Hiibn. 191.
Drepanodes scitaria. Walker, 206.
Dunira, Moore, 206.
nisalis. Walker, 207.
scitnla, Wedker, 207.
Dypterygia, Stephens, 16.
subcurva, Moore, 17.
Dtsallacta, Lederer, 352.
negatalis. Walker, 353.
Dysgonia, Hiibn. 175.
albivitta, Guf-n. 178.
Amygdalis, Moore, 551.
arcuata, Moore, 176.
Crameri, Moore, 177.
discalis, Moore, 177.
fulvota3nia, Guen. 177.
joviana. Cram. 175.
luteipalpis, Walker, 178.
simillima, Guhi. 178.
stuposa, Fabr. 176.
Dysgonhd.e, 156.
E arias, Hiibn. 489.
anmdifera. Walker, 490.
ebromataria. Walker, 490.
speiplena, Walker, 490.
sulpburaria, Moore, 490.
Ebulea, Guen. 345.
camillalis, Walker, 346.
rXDF.X.
567
Ebclea celatalis, Walker, 345.
fim'iriata, Moore, 346.
oplieltesalis. Walker, 277.
Eccopsis aprobola, Meyrick, 495.
EcHAN.v, Wiilkfi-, 240.
abavali.s Walker, 241.
Tenncritii, Felder, 238.
Ectropis, lliibn. 412.
Egelesta, Walker, 105.
riulivitta, Walker, 1 1 1.
Egnasi.v, Walker, 194.
accingalis, Walker, 190.
binoi-bicnlata, Moore, 194.
Ciiigaleiisis, Walker, 193.
ocelliita, Moore, 195.
participali.^, Walker, 196.
seopigera, Moore, 195, 551.
nsurpatalis. Walker, 193.
Elachistidve, 525.
Elphos, Guea. 420.
hymenaria, Gtien. 420.
Eltdna, Walker, 547.
trapezata, Moore, 547.
Enchoc^emidia, Lederer, 32.S.
Pliryneusalis, Walker, 328.
Endotricha, Zeller, 264.
decessalis, Walker, 265.
rliodophilalis, Walker, 275.
siiffiimlis, Walker, 266.
Ennojiid.e, 390.
Entojiogramma, Guen. 152.
poststrigaria. Walker, 153.
squamicornis, Felder, 153.
torsa, Guen. 153.
Ephyra, Dlip. 441.
ahhadraca. Walker, 442.
extriisatci, Walker, 539.
monochromata, Walker, 442.
ohrinaria, Guen. 443.
pendiilaria , Diip. 442.
strigulataria. Walker, 39G.
Vusarmana, Walker, 442.
Eplujridw, 441.
Ephyrodes cristlfera. Walker, 193.
lineifera, Walker, 192.
EncROSis, Zeller, 367.
festivella, Zeller, 367.
Epione inrexntn. Walker, 442.
Episparis, Walker, 216.
Barallin, Felder, 217.
siijnata. Walker, 217.
varialis, Walker, 217.
ICrastria, II ill ill. 457.
aventiaria, (hu'n. 458.
convectaria, Walker, 457.
Ercheia, Walker, 114.
iliversipennia, Walker, 116.
pniriiosn, Mooi-c, 116
Erebid.e, 140.
Erebus ci'ej/usciilari.-^, Duncan, 148.
dast/pteriis, Kollar, 182.
hicrogli/phica, Westw. 14Xi.
vianrops, Donov. 145.
Oiiiiiia, V. d. Hoeven, 152.
Eretatockra, Zeller, 514.
impaetella, Walker, 514.
Eriopid-e, 59.
Erioprovtns, Zeller, 384.
Eriopus, Treits. 59.
Eromene, Hiibn. 52.
Ero-tia adjutarla. Walker, 400.
fignraria, Walker, 404.
Palaca, Walker, 401.
qiiadricaudata, Walker, 401.
Ehagavata, Walker, 402.
varisaria, Walker, 401 .
verticaria, Felder, 400.
Eroshd.e, 398.
Etiella, Zeller, 366.
Zinckenella, Zeller, 367.
EcBi.EMMA, Iliibn. 54.
amabilis, Moore, 54.
Eubolia, Boisd. 470.
EucLiDiA, Ochs. 187.
tarsalis, Walker, 187.
EUCLIDIID.E, 185.
EucROSTES, Iliibn. 431.
disparata, Walker, 432.
Eddioptis, Hiibn. 323.
indica, Saunders, 324.
perspic.illalis, Zeller, 321.
traducalis, Zeller, 316.
Eudorea, Curtis, 354.
Eughjplds, Iliibn. 330.
fuhidorsaUs, Walker, 331.
Procopia, Iliibn. 330.
EuMELEA,\Vest\vood, 438.
aureliata, Qui'n. 440.
flavata, Moore, 440.
Ludovieata, Guen. 439.
rosalia, Westwood, 439.
vulperaria. Cram. 439.
EupiTHECiA, Curtis, 478.
admixtaria. Walker, 481.
KurrriiicciA allenuala, Moore, 479.
innn/xtarin, Walker, 481.
palpata, Walkei-, 479.
pclycleata, Walker, 478.
reccnsitarid, Walker, 4S1.
varie;;ata, Moore, 479.
virescens, Moore, 479.
Euplerote fasciata, Moore, 544.
Eurhipia, lioisd. 65.
jireetejia, Felder, 64.
EURIUPIID.E, 61.
Eurkodope lateritialis. Walker, 3()2.
EuRois, Iliibn. 37.
auriplena, Walker, 37.
inclusa, Walker, 37.
EuRRiiYPARODES, Snellen, 294.
abnegatali?. Walker, 295.
acces^^alip, Walker, 294.
stibialis, Snellen, 294.
EuscHEMA, Iliibn. 422.
bellissinia, Moore, 423.
prunicolor, Moore, 423.
transversa. Walker, 422.
vilis. Walker, 424.
EuSCHEMID/E, 421.
Eiischesis vruria, Hiibn. 81.
EusTROMA, Iliilm. 487.
dissecta, Moore, 488.
Edtelia, Hiibn. 65.
ci[ictipal|iis. Walker, 66.
favillatrix. Walker, 66.
hi/pa'tivides. Walker, 208.
impleta. Walker, 64.
plusioides. Walker, 64.
repleta. Walker, 64.
Euthalia Puseda, Moore, 529.
Evarzia, Walker, 468.
viarginata. Walker, 469.
Falana, Moore, 88.
sordida, Moore, 88.
Fascellina, Walker, 393.
Ceylon iea, Moore, 394.
Felinia, Guen. 549.
spissa, Guen. 5.50.
ierminigera. Walker, 46.
FiccLEA, Walker, 515.
blandulella, Walker, 515.
FiDONIID.E, 470.
FiLODES, Guen. 331.
fulvidorsalis, Hiibn. 331.
niiriiicalis, Lederer, 331.
Focilla decolor. Walker, 192.
5G8
INDEX.
I'ocilla sidimemorans, Walker, 21G.
Kocillid.t:, 191.
FoDiNA, Gucn. 180.
immdicolor, Walker, 181.
jiallula, Gni'ii. 181.
stola. Guru. 181.
FursiLiA, Walker, 516.
nesciatella, Walker, .516.
(iADESSA, Moore, 278.
albifrons, Moore, 279.
Gadirtha, Walker, 101.
decrescens. Walker, 102.
guttulosana. Walker, 107.
rectifera. Walker, 101.
spurcnta, Walker, 106.
GyESA, Walker, 518.
decusella. Walker, .518.
Galleria anella, Ziuckeu, 375.
Galleriid^e, 374.
Galhriomorplia, Felder, 105.
lichenoides, Felder, 108.
Gaphara, Walker, 515.
recitatella. Walker, 515.
Gargela, Walker, 523.
stibpurella. Walker, 523.
G ASMARA, Walker, 523.
cjelatella. Walker, 523.
Gathtnia, Walker, 398.
miraria, Walker, 398.
Gelechia, Zeller, 508.
affixella. Walker, 51.3.
agnatelia. Walker, 512.
albatella, Walker, 509.
alieuella, Walker, 511.
alternella. Walker, 50'J.
amicella. Walker, 511.
angustella. Walker, 509.
auimosella, Walker, 509.
aptatella. Walker, 510.
arctella, Walker, 510.
cortuitella, Walker, 512.
deduotella, Tr«//.v'?-, 513.
eucerella. Walker, 510.
immeritella. Walker, 511.
inipaetella. Walker, 514.
negatella, Walker, 513.
ohligatella, Walker, 508.
patulella, Walker, 510.
sepositolla, Walker, 513.
f-iguifera, Felder, 508.
strenuelia. Walker, 512.
tetraspilella, Walker, 512.
Gelechiid^, 507.
Geometra, Linn. 425.
dissita, Walker, 426.
Eleonora, Cram. 464.
fascirda. Cram. 4G0.
Jlavaria, Fabr. 393.
indecreluta. Walker, 430.
lutea. Cram. 393.
meritaria, Walker, 429.
parvulata, Walker, 432.
pendularia, Linn. 442.
punctata, Fabr. 464.
specularia, Gw'n. 425.
vulperaria. Cram. 439.
GEOMETRIDyE, 424.
Gerhatha laticincta, Walker, 248.
Gerontha, Walker, 521.
captiosella, Widker, 521.
Gesneria, Hiibn. 354.
Gesonia, Walker, 212.
flavifrons, Moore, 552.
obeditalis. Walker, 213.
scitula. Walker, 213.
secuiidalis, Walker, 212.
Ginea, Walker, 200.
removens. Walker, 201.
Girpa, Walker, 93.
eriophora, Gacn. 95.
fraterna, Moore, 94.
iuangulata, Guhi. 94.
perteudens. Walker, 95.
Glaiicopteri/x, Hiibn. 477.
Glossina, Giieu. 257.
divitalis, Guen. 258.
Glottcla, Guen. 14.
domiuica, Guhi. 14.
Glottulid^., 12.
Glyphipteeygid^e, 52 f.
Glyphipteryx, Hiibn. 524.
apparitella, Walker, 524.
scitulella. Walker, 524.
Glyphodes, Guen. 320.
actorionalis. Walker, 322.
bicolor, Swainson, 321.
bivitralis, Guen. 322.
cccsalis, Walker, 316.
diurnalis, Guen. 321.
Itysalis, Walker, 32a.
loiiiasjidalis, Snellen, 301.
parvalis, Walker, 321.
perspicillalis, Meyr. 321.
Pyloalis, Walker, 321.
Gli/phodes sexpunctata, Suell. 301.
Stolalis, Gum. 321.
univocalis. Walker, 316.
Zelimalis, Walker, 557.
Godara, Walker, 347.
comalisi, Ow'n. 348.
Gonitis, Guen. 84.
alhitibia. Walker, 86.
basalis. Walker, 85.
comhinans. Walker, 85.
fulvida, Moore, 85.
guttanivis. Walker, 85.
involuta. Walker, 85.
mesogona. Walker, 86.
Gonodela, Buisd. 467.
honoraria, IValker, 468.
sufflata, Guen. 467.
vasudeva. Walker, 468.
Gonodonfis Cleliaria, Hiibn. 395.
GONOPTERIDyE, 83.
Gracilaria, Haworth, 525.
CoiFeifoliella, Nietner, 525.
Gracilariid^, 524.
Grammodes, Gnen. 179.
ammonia. Cram. 179.
mundicolor. Walker, 181.
7nygdoii, Guen. 180.
Graphiphora, Ochs. 34.
frontalis, Moore, 35.
Grapholitha, Hiibn. 39.
Grapholitha, Treit. 495.
confertana. Walker, 495.
obtusana, Wcdker, 495.
Gubaria, Moore, 464.
fasciata, Fahr. 464.
Nora, Walker, 465.
Gtetona, Walker, 123.
dorsalis. Walker, 125.
dorsifascialis. Walker, 124:.
Hylusalis, Walker, 124, 551.
monilialis. Walker, 124.
muscosa. Walker, 124.
nigrocinerea. Walker, 124.
phycisoides, Moore, 125.
strenualis, Walker, 124.
thoracica. Walker, 124.
Habrostola, SodofFsky, 68.
Uadena confundens, Walker, 38.
consanguis, Guen. 28.
indistans, Walker, 38.
inextricans. Walker, 38.
latipennis, Walker, 30.
INDEX.
5G.)
Hadena littoralis, Boisil. 19.
postica, Walkei-, 17.
retrahens, Walker, i\.
ruplistrirja, Walker, 38.
spanjens, Walker, 2cS.
subcurva, Walker, 17.
taprohane, Felder, 28.
tcnehrosii, Moore, 16.
Hadknid^., 36.
Hadknnia, Moore, 236.
bypeualis, Wal/cer, 236.
jutalis. Walker, 236.
niysalis. Walker, 236.
prunosa, Moore, 237.
H.EMEROSIID.E, 40.
Hamaxia, Walker, 373.
lignulina. Walker, 37'^.
Hapalia, Hiihn. 336.
ablactalis. Walker, 339.
admensali^;, Walker, 339.
annulalis. Walker, 341.
brevilinealis. Walker, 341.
coucolor, Moore, 339.
Cynaralis, Walker, 341.
liedwctiiVis, Walker, 338.
denticulosa, Moore, 337.
(lialis. Walker, 340.
Dryopealis, Walker, 342.
fratei'ua, Moore, 338.
iuterruptalis, Walker, 339.
Jaiiaijalis, Walker, 342.
jopasalis, Walker, 337.
marginalis, Moore, 338.
tnyriualis. Walker, 340.
nephealis, M^alker, 341.
plagiatalis. Walker, 337.
Tliaisalis, Walker, 340.
ultimalis, Walker, 339.
Hapsifera, Zeller, 498.
seclusella. Walker, 499.
Hakitala, Moore, 311.
Cassualis', Walker, 311.
tigriiia, Moore, 312.
i^ariVs Boi?a. 422.
Hedylkpta, Lederer, 276.
abruptalis. Walker, 277.
falsidicalij:, ira^'tcr, 277.
illeetali?, Walker, 277.
latimarginalis. Walker, 277.
niobesalis, TI oZi-cr, 278.
pyravstalis, Snellen, 270.
Etramiuea, Moore, 278.
Ileilylepta vnlgalis. Gun}. 276.
ustalis, Snellen, 270.
Helia, Guen. 238.
fignrata, Moore, 239.
luuifera, Moore, 238.
Ileliomanes, Sodoffsky, 52.
Ileliophobus (liscre/iaiis. Walker, 22.
dissectiis. Walker, 22.
Heliotiiela, Guen. 268.
ophiderosana. Walker, 269.
Heliothera, Sodoffsky, 41.
Heliotiiid.e, 50.
Heliothis, Hubii. 50.
armigera, Hilbn. 51.
apricans, Boisd. 81.
Helwtis, Sodoffsky, 50.
Hellula, Guen. 355.
undalis, Fabr. 355.
llemaclira, Sodoffsky, 89.
Ilemeroblemma Peropaca, Hului. 170.
Ilemerophila, Stephen?, 409.
exclusa, Walker, 457.
prceterewis. Walker, 457.
strixaria, Guen. 409.
Vidliisaria, Walker, 541.
Hemicebid.*;, 79.
Hemonia, Walker, 537.
oi'biferana, Walker, 537.
Hepialus, Fab. 545.
taprobanus, Moore, 545.
Herculia, Walker, 261.
bilineata, Moore, 555.
bractealis, Walker, 261.
iguiflualis, Walker, 261.
Heeminia, Latr. 230.
diffnsalis, Walker, 231.
fraclaliit, Guen. 235.
mistacalis, Guen. 229.
robustalis, Guen. 234.
Timonalis, Walker, 231.
Herminiid/E, 230.
Hetei-ocnephes strangjdalis, Snellen,
317.
ItTiccoda, Moore, 48.
dosai'oides, Moore, 49.
HiNGDLA, Moore, 199.
figurata, Moore, 199.
transvitta, Moore, 551.
HiPOEPA, Walker, 235.
fractalis, Guen. 235.
lapsali.s Walker, 235.
Hippurchus, Leacb, 425.
irolotlialassts, Hilbn. 425.
lIoMODES, Guen. 58.
croeea, Guru. 59.
theriaesioide!!, Snellen, 206.
vivida, Guen. 59.
Hoxkeosojia, Curtis, 358.
Getusalis, Walker, 359.
gratella. Walker, 362.
Liiieu^alis, Walker, 35S.
IIoMoNA, Walker, 49G.
fasciculana. Walker, 496.
HoMOPSYCHE, Butler, 536.
nympha, Moore, 636.
HoMOPTERA, Boisd. 97.
catenala, Moore, 550.
costifera. Walker, 97.
displla. Walker, 93
divistriija, Walker^ 93.
procumbensi. Walker, 97.
retrahens. Walker, 97.
IIOMOPTERID^, 90.
Horanpella cinnamomea, Moore, 544.
HuLODES, Guen. 155.
cai'anea, Cram. 155.
eriophora, Guen. 95.
falcata, Felder, 201.
tiia/i(/ulaia, Guen. 94.
jxdumlia, Guen. 162.
umhrosa. Walker, 94.
Huphina Zeuzippe, Cram. 532.
Htbl^a, Fabr. 80.
constellata, Gui'n. 81.
puera, Craui. MI.
saga, Fabr. 81.
Hybl^id^, 80.
Htboma, Iliibn. 4.
fasciata, Moure, 5.
Htdr^cia, (iuen. 15.
lampadifera. Walker, 15.
Hydrelia, Guen. 56.
curvlfera, Walker, od.
Hydrillodes, Gnen. 237.
gravatalis, Walker, 238.
lentalis, Guen. 237.
Ili/drorampa, Latr. 304.
albijaseialls, Boisd. 293.
aquatilis, Boisd. 298.
crisonalis, Walker, 302.
Htela, Stepliens, 56.
curvifera. Walker, 56.
lativitta, Moore, 56.
Hymenia, llubn. 293.
4 D
570
INDEX.
llijmenia dijj'ascidlh, 11 ill m. 293.
meridionalis. Wullcer, 307.
recurvalis, Fahi: 293.
Hypivtva, Guun. 171.
coniplacens, Walker, 172.
condild, Walker, 173.
cwvifera, Walker, 174.
divisa, Walker, 173.
trigonifi'ra, Walker, 173.
Hyi'Exa, Selirank, 222.
biangulata, Moore, 223.
cognata, Moore, 224.
colombana, Moore, 223.
comptalis. Walker, 224.
conscitah's, Walkei', 228.
detersalis, Walker, 226.
icouicalis, Walker, 225.
iricongricalis. Walker, 228.
ineftectalis. Walker, 22G.
jocosalis, Walker, 223.
labatali?, Walker, 225.
laceratalis. Walker, 224.
lajsalis. Walker, 224.
lignealis. Walker, 226.
inandatali?, Walker, 22-).
molpusalif, Walker, 222.
nisalis, Walker, 207.
obaceralis, Walker, 229.
obliqualis, KoUar, 229.
]>aciali.<, Walker, 229.
;««■//«//«, Walker, 219.
■perna, FelJer, 228.
qiijesitali?, Walker, 225.
rarulis. Walker, 227.
rhomhalis. Walker, 221.
riihripitnctalia, Walker, 207.
spaisalis, Walker, 222.
stipata, Walker, 227.
xvbnpkalis, Walker, 222.
siirreptalis, Walker, 206.
Hypknid^., 217.
ll/jliercoiiijia rerjalis, Moore, 637.
IlYi'Er.vriiUA, Giien. 392.
linholaria, Gucn. 393.
Iiitea, Cramer, 393.
penir.illaria, Guen. 393.
f/iiiita, Swiulioe, 443.
Uijjihihire, Hiiliii. 6.
Hti'ocai..\, GiiLii. 126.
angulipaljiiii, Guen. 127.
cfflorescens, Guru. 126.
IlTro(:'.\LiL>.i:, 125.
Ililjiochroma, Gueii. 419.
hoarmiaria, Guen. 418.
crenaria, Gueii. 419.
minimaria, Guen. 420.
parvula, Walker, 420.
HyPOGRAMlIID/E, 98.
IlypolycKna nilgirica, Moore, 631.
HyroNOMEUTA, Zeller, 604.
alieiiellus. Walker, 504.
Hyponomeutid.e, 504.
Hypoi'yra, Guen. 151.
apicalis. Walker, 95.
pallida, Moore, 151.
Hypopyrid^, 149.
IIypospila, Guen. 203.
bolinoides, Gucn. 203.
HypMpygia, Hiibn. 262.
Hyria, Stephens, 448.
grataria, Walker, 451.
elataria, Walker, 449.
marcidaria. Walker, 448.
oljlafaria. Walker, 449.
rlwdinaria. Walker, 450.
Id^a, Treitschke, 452.
actiosaria. Walker, 453.
actuaria, Walker, 453.
adeptaria, Walker, 454.
aspilataria. Walker, 464.
attentata. Walker, 464.
csesaria. Walker, 464.
extimaria. Walker, 465.
fibulata. Guru. 455.
intensata, Moore, 453.
nesciaria. Walker, 454.
iD^IDiE, 447.
Ilattia, Walker, 26.
cepliusalis, Walker, 27.
Ilyrgis, Walker, 242.
echophurealis, Walker, 243.
Imma, Walker, 240.
bugosalis. Walker, 246.
Iramba, Moore, 480.
admixtaria. Walker, 481.
immixtarla. Walker, 481.
recensitaria. Walker, 481.
tibialis, Moore, 481.
IsCHYiA Hiibn. 138.
Manila, Cram. 138.
Ismene (Edipodea, 533.
Imisea, Walker, 475.
erjclogomda. Walker, 476.
IsoPTEii Yx, Gun. 305.
Isoptertj.e ahnegatalis. Walker, 295.
accessalis, Walker, 294.
acrlaralis, Walker, 303.
fuedalis, Guen. 306.
impulsaUs, Walker, 297.
melaleucalis, Walker, 296.
spilomelalis, Walker, 306.
tri.signata, Moore, 306.
Jartheza, Walker, 381.
JoDis, Hiibn. 430.
discessa, Walker, 431.
iudecretata, Walker, 430.
IcEsaria, Walker, 429.
thalassica, Moore, 430.
vivilaoa. Walker, 430.
Labanda, Walker, 247.
aeliine, Felder, 249.
herbealis. Walker, 249.
muscosa. Walker, 248.
saturalis. Walker, 248.
semipars, Walker, 248.
Lacera, Guen. 213.
alope, Cram. 214.
capella, Guen. 214.
Lacipea, Walker, 371.
muscosella. Walker, 372.
Laertias Romulus, 532.
Laginia, Walker, 391.
brarlearia. Walker, 391.
Lagoptera, Guen. 157.
honesta, Guen. 158.
magica, Guen. 158.
Lagopus, Latr. 59.
Lagyra, Walker, 391.
bumbi/carla. Walker, 392.
Talaca, Walker, 392.
Lamoria, Walker, 374.
pilanalis, Walker, 375.
Lampropteryx, Stephens, 4S8.
cingala, Moore, 489.
molata, FelJer, 489.
Lamnra, Walker, 243.
oberratalis, Walker, 243
Laphygma, Guen. 17.
obstaus, Walker, 17.
squalida. Walker, 19.
trajiciens, Walker, 18.
Larentia, Treit. 477.
comprensata, Walker, 478.
perlicita. Walker, 478.
Larentiidj), 477.
Leioptilus, Wallengren, 527.
INDEX.
571
Leioptilus, Soriiulibaims, Moore,
527.
Leoctjea, Guen. 43.
Dianrc. Gw'n. 43.
Letyuodes, Guen, 308.
geometralis, Guen. 308.
lepidalis. Walker, 307.
Peritalis, Walker, 309.
Letciiena, Moore, 257.
elaralis, TValker, 2o7.
thyralis, Walker, 257.
Lethe Drypetes, 529.
neelgherriensis, 529.
Leccania, Ochs. 9.
confiisa, Walker, 9.
decissima, Walkfr, 10.
exempta, Walk'-'r, 11.
extranea, Guen. 9.
lanceata, Moore, 10.
Nareda, Felder, 10.
prisca, Widker, 10.
separata, WaR-er, 9.
Tangala, Felder, 11.
LEtrCANIIDiE, 6.
Leucinodes, Guen. 288.
opalina, Moore, 289.
orboualis, Guen. 289.
Leucophthahna, Hiibn. 441.
LiBUNA, Moore, 379.
solitella, Walker, 379.
LiPUSiD^, 497.
Lispe, Treit. 368.
LiTHOPHANE, Iliibn. 39.
deflexa, Walker, 39.
inchoans. Walker, 40.
Locastra Fhercciusalis, Walker, 253.
Lomotropa, Lederer, 328.
costijlexalis, Lederer, 329.
LorrioPTERA, Guen. 123.
costata, Moore, 123.
LoRYMA, Walker, 376.
venosella, Walker, 377.
LoTANGA, Moore, 344.
deciusalis. Walker, 344.
milvinalis, Swinhoe, 344.
LuCERiA, Walker, 252.
novatusalis. Walker, 253.
Lusia, Walker, 243.
geometroides, Walker, 244.
j)erjicita. Walker, 478.
LuxiAEiA, Walker, 456.
exclusa. Walker, 457.
Lycauges, Dutler, 455.
defaniataria, Walker, 436.
postvittata, Moore, 456.
Lygniodcs, Guen. 139.
disparaiis, Walker, 140.
reducens. Walker, 140.
Lyonetidj;, 526.
iM.VBRA, :Moore, 280.
eryxalis, Walker, 280.
Macaldenia, Moore, 162.
palumba, Guen. 162.
Macaria, Curtis, 465.
cacavena. Walker, 471.
cessaria. Walker, 466.
Eleonora, Walker, 464.
Emcrsaria, Walker, 466.
falsaria, Walker, 471.
honoraria. Walker, 468.
Nora, Walker, 465.
ohstataria, Walker, 457.
pcrmotaria, Walker, 468.
strenuataria. Walker, 471.
subcaudaria. Walker, 467.
sufflula, Guen. 467.
Vasudeva, Walker, 468.
Victorinata, Guen. 464.
MacaPvUD^, 464.
Maceda, Walker, 82.
mansueta. Walker, 82.
MACn^SROPTEEis, Walsingham, 502.
receptella. Walker, 502.
Ma;sAS, Hiibn. 134.
salaminia, Crau. 134.
Magiria, Zeller, 365.
robusta, Moore, 365.
Mamestra, Ochs. 23.
dolorosa, Walker, 546.
opposita, Wiilker, 24.
SIaradana, Moore, 57.
rivulata, Moore, 58.
Marapana, Moore, 227.
incongruaiis, Walker, 228.
raralis, Walker, 227.
Marasmia, Moore, 283.
ruralis. Walker, 282.
cicatricofd, Ledprer, 283.
Marcala, Walker, 404.
galbulata, Felder, 404.
saturataria. Walker, 405.
sulphurescens, Moore, 405.
Margarodes, Guen. 324.
conchylalis, Guen. 326.
4 D 2
Margarodes glauculalis, Guen. 32.'
latlcostalis, Guen. 323.
pomonalis, Guen. 327.
psiltacalis, Guen. 327.
JIargaronia, Hiibn. 324.
acciusaUs, Walker, 389.
Atlitalis, Walker, 328.
celsalis. Walker, 325.
eanclii/l(dis, Walker, 323.
glaueulalis, Guc.i. 325.
hilaralis:, Walker, 328.
Laodieeulis, Walker, 32().
lalicostalis. Walker, 326.
maliferalis. Walker, 327.
Moreusalis, Walker, 328.
Phryneusulis, Walker, 328.
pomonalis, Walker, 327.
psittaeulis. Walker, 327.
Maudca, Walker, 298.
aepiatlUs, Walkei-, 298.
testulalis. Hiibn. 29S.
Massepha, Walker, 306.
absolutalis. Walker, 307.
Matella, Moore, 196.
accingalis, Wedker, 196.
participalis, M'alker, 196.
Maxates, Moore, 436.
ca?lataria. Walker, 436.
Ma.nda, Walker, 151.
Mectna, Guen. 352.
deprivalis, W<dker, 352.
Medasina, Moore, 408.
strixaria, Gm'n. 409.
Melia bipunctana, Hawonli, 375.
Mclicleplria, Hiibn. 50.
JIelipotis, Hiibn. 114.
ambid(ns,Yti\t\.er, 116.
Cyllaria, Cram. 115.
Cyllota, Guen. 115.
diversipennis, Walker, 116.
fusifera. Walker, IIG.
pannosa, Moore, 116.
Melissoblaptes, Zeller, 374.
bipunctanus, Ilaworth, 375.
Melittia, Hiibn. 558.
Fhorcus, Westw. 558.
^Iella, Walker, 366.
dymnusalis, Walker, 367.
Zinckenella, Treit. 367.
Menelaides Jophon. 533.
Menophra, Moore, 409.
canidorsata. Walker, 410.
IXDEJ.
Menophra imbecilis, Moore, 410.
MeMeta, Walker, 207.
abnipta, Walter, 208.
angulifera, Moore, 208.
Ceylouica, Walker, 210.
divisa, Walker, 210.
fasciosa, Moore, 552.
iuternipta, Moore, 209.
irrecta, Walker, 209.
lunifera, Moore, 209.
uiultiguttata, Walker, 210.
Metuchrostis, Iliibu. 2.
Metasia lartcaUx, Felder, 389.
Methouasa, Moore, 60.
Thwaltesii, Moore, 61.
Miana inornata, Walker, 27.
Micra, Guen. 52, 54.
derogata. Walker, 53.
hemirhoda, Walker, 53.
partita, Walker, 490.
JIicityESCHUs, Butler, 448.
elataria, W((lker, 449.
oblataria. Walker, 449.
MiCROCOSsiis, Moore, 4.97.
Mackwoodii, Moore, 498.
MlCUONiA, Guen. 4.5!).
aculeata, Gucn. 460.
caudata, Gueu. 460.
obtusata, Gueu. 460.
vannria, Walker, 462.
MicuoNiiu^E, 4.39.
Micropliisii, Boi.s<l. 57.
Microjihi/sa, Gueu. 57.
Mici.'OSCA, Butler, 267.
tiiuieroualis, Walker, 268.
MiXUCIA, Moore, L.';9.
discrimiuan.s. Walker, 160.
pruuieolor, Moure, 160.
trapezium, Gm'n. 160.
JIOCA, Walker, 372.
lithosioides, 2[oore, 372.
velutina. Walker, 372.
Modiana, Walker, 366.
scitlirittalifi. Walker, 367.
Molyhdantha, Meyrick, 294.
hraeteolalia, Mejrick, 295.
Mama, Lederer, 3.
MosAiiA, Walker, 118.
apicalis, Walker, 119.
Myelols, Hiibu. 368.
basifusealis, }]'alker, 368.
bractiatella. Walker, 262.
jMvelois Ligeralis, W^ilker, 359.
luarsyusalip, ]Valker, 369.
Mi/elophila, Treit. 368.
M//tliimna, Stepli. 6.
Nabaktiia, Moore, 234.
umrginata, Moore, 234.
Nacaduba ardates, Moore, 530.
Nachaha, Walker, 67.
transi-ersa. Walker, 67.
Nacoleia, Walker, 273.
coutiiigenp, Moore, 273.
cosiisignalis, Moore, 273.
[)ra;teri talis, Walker, 273.
tia.salis, Walker, 274.
Nadagara, Walker, 474.
vigaia. Walker, 474.
Nagadeba, Walker, 197.
iiidecoralis, Walker, 197.
Nagoha, Moore, 542.
uigricans, 3Ioore, 542.
Nahara, Walker, 187.
clavlfera. Walker, 188.
Nanaguna stipata. Walker, 227.
Naranga, Moore, 49.
diffusa, Wcdker, 49.
Nakapa, Moore, 410.
adamata, Felder, 410.
iudistiiicta, Moore, 411.
similaris, Moore, 411.
iimbrata, Moore, 411.
Narosodes, Moore, 535.
punctaua. Walker, 536.
Xausinoe, Hubu. 309.
ueptis, Cram. 310.
Naxia, Guen. 167.
abseutimaeula, Guen. 167.
calefaeiens. Walker, 168.
ealvfifica. Walker, 168.
Oiietia, Gueu. 169.
Nemoria, HiiUn. 431.
lafaria, Walker, 431.
solidaria, Gui'ii. 431.
viata, Moore, 431.
Nephopteryx, liiibn. 362.
acisalis, Walker, 363.
argiadesalis. Walker, 364.
concolorella, Walker, 362.
cyllufalis. Walker, 364.
dempteUa, Walker, 124.
Etolusalis, Walker, 363.
Harpaxali^^, Walker, 363.
Pliycisella, Walker, 363.
Neuria, Gueu. 21.
discrepaus, Walker, 22.
dissecta, Walker, 22.
retina, Freyer, 19.
retrahens, Walker, 21.
Neokina, Guen. 330.
Procopia, Cram. 330,
Neviasca, Walker, 216.
variali-i, Walker, 217.
Niaccaba, Walker, 303.
bisectalis. Walker, 304.
deleta, Moore, 304.
sumplualis, irrt//.cr, 303.
Nistra, Walker, 295.
Cffilatali?, Walker, 295.
molu?ali.i, Walker, 296.
Noctua achatina. Cram. 176, 177.
Alope, Cram. 214.
ammonia. Cram. 179.
ancilla. Cram. 132, 158.
arehesia. Cram. 191.
armigera, Hiibn. 51.
auvifeTa, Hiibn. 70.
Bubo, Cram. 145.
cajeta. Cram. 132.
caranea, Cram. 155.
Chlorea, Cram. 157.
chri/sitina, Marty n, 70.
Cli/tia, Cram. 141.
coronata, Fabr. 158.
creptiscularis, Fabr. 148.
Ci/donia, Cram. 216.
Cyllaria, Cram. 115.
Deliana, Stoll, 186.
Dioscoreee, Fabr. 131.
Dominica, Cram. 14.
emarginala, Fabr. 76.
Fedncia, Stoll, 143.
fesfira, Donov. 21.
Java, Fabr. 42.
frugal is, Fabr. 190.
Fullonica, Liun. 131.
Hermonia, Cram. 146.
hieroglyphica, Drury, 146.
hi/hrida, Fabr. 133.
Hypei-mnestra, Cram, 135.
llyppasia. Cram. 186.
illibata, Fabr. 170.
Joviana, Cram. 175.
leonina, Fabr. 158.
manlia. Cram. 138.
maferna, Linn. 133.
TXDf':X.
673
Noctnn melicerte, Dnuy, IfiS.
mercatoi-ia, Fabr. 1G4.
mezentia, Cram. 165.
microrluva, Fabr. loS.
mygdon, Cram. 180.
mygdonia, Cram. 146.
orosia, Cram. 220.
picta, Gvien. 21.
Pomona, Cram. 131.
Procopia, Cram. 330.
piiera, Cram. ■'*1.
sarja, Fabr. 81.
Salaminia, Cram. 134.
scrobiculata, Fabr. 141.
scrvn, Fabr. 164.
signaia, Fabr. 71.
sinuata, Fabr, 175.
stiiposa, Gueii. 170.
svjf'tisa, Gmel. 33.
tigrina, Fabr. 163.
Ulula, Fabr. 146.
umminia. Cram. 201.
vnxia, Hiibn. 81.
mrhia, Cram. 191.
vulpina, Fabr. 164.
Zamis, Stoll, 143.
NOCTCID^E, 31.
NoDARiA, Giien. 232.
cingala, Moore, 233.
NoLASENA, Walker, 229.
dulcissiiiia. Walker, 55.
ferrifervens. Walker, 230.
JfoMOPHiLA, Hiibn. 356.
hyhridalis, Hiibn. 356.
noctuella, Schiff. 356.
NoORDA, Walker, 353.
blitealis, Walker, 354.
NoREiA, Walker, 405.
Ajaia, Walker, 406.
inamata, Walker, 406.
luciferata. Walker, 406.
perdensata. Walker, 406.
NosOPHORA, Lederer, 319.
quaJrisigiiata, Moore, 320.
Notarcha, Meyrick, 311, 315.
cassalis, Meyrick, 311.
multilinealis, Meyr. 315.
Numeria galbulata, Felder, 404.
Nyctarcha, Meyrick, 268.
opihideres, Meyrick, 269.
Ntcteolid^, 489.
Ntctipao, Hiibn. 147.
NvCTiPAO crepiisculari?, Linn. 148.
ephesperis, Hiibn. 148.
Nijgmia, Hiibn. 504.
Nympodla, Schrank. 304.
depunctalis, Guni. oO.?.
ornatalis, H. Sch. 297.
Odice, Hiibn. 57.
transversa, Moore, 5~.
Oebia midulalis, Hiibn. 355.
Q<^N0CHROMID^, 405.
Octa impariguttella, Zelier, 505.
Oligoatignia ohitalia, Walker, 302.
Poritialis, Walker, 303.
sexpunctata, Moore, 301.
votalis. Walker, 302.
Omiza, Walker, 475.
Ommatopliora albifasvia, Walken
142.
Ommatophorid^, 141.
Ojiphisa, Moore, 317.
illisalis, Walker, 318.
Onebala, Walker, 514.
blandiella. Walker, 514.
Ophtderes, Gncn. 130.
anr.illa, Guon. 132.
bilineosa, Walker, 132.
cajeta, Cram. 132.
Fullom'ca, Guen. 131.
Ifypermnestra, Guen. 135.
Diaterna, Boisd. 133.
nmltiscripta. Walker, 132.
Salanimia, Guen. 134.
OpniDERll).E, 130.
Ophiodes, Guen. 159.
discriminans, Walker, 160.
trapezhim, Guen. 160.
Opihsma, Guen. 161.
circumferens, Walker, 161.
cognata. Walker, 160.
cunuUfera, Walker, 95.
deficiens, Walker, 95.
hvtabilif!, Guen. 170.
trajecta. Walker, 201.
umminia. Walker, 201.
Ophiccue, Hiibn. 228.
conscitalis. Walker, 228.
mistacalis, G?iera. 229.
obaceralis, Walker, 229.
Ophicsa, Oclis. 89, 175.
achatina, Guen. 177.
albivitta, Guen. 178.
arcuala, Moore, 176.
OriiicsA dorsi^'pra. Walker, 90.
festinata, Walker, 176.
frontalis. Walker, 173.
fidvota'nia, Guen. 177.
Jovia7ia, Gnen. 176.
luteipalptis, Walker, 178.
metaspila. Walker, 89.
Myops, Guen. 175.
obumbrata. Walker, 169.
pallidiliiicu, Walker, 89.
(luinquolinca. Walker, 89.
ruhricann, Boisd. 204.
sexlinea. Walker, 90
siinillima, Guen. 178.
stiiposa, Guon. 176.
vmbrosa. Walker, 169.
Opniusin;?:, 88, 156.
Ophthai,mot)es, Guen. 417.
Carifaria, Walker, 418.
herbidaria, Giini. 417.
OpOGONA, Zelier, 526.
fumiceps, Felder, 526.
Or.s:3ia, Guen. 76.
alliciens. Walker, 76.
argyrosigna, Moore, 11.
emarginata, Gw'n. 16.
tentan.^, Walker, 7G.
Orosa, Walker, 249.
tortricoides. Walker, 250.
Orosana, Walker, 268.
opliideresana, Walker, 269.
Orsonoba, Walker, 394.
clelia. Cram. 395.
Rajaca, Walker, 295.
Orthaga, Walker, 295.
Euadrnsalis, Walker, 259.
jucundalis. Walker, 260.
Ortheaga, Walker, 100.
Otiiora, Walker, 105.
albivilta. Walker, 111.
albotecla, AValker, 109.
basifa.'icia, Walker, 107.
canescens, Walker, 106.
cinerascens. Walker, 109.
concisa. Walker, 110.
iiiqirii/iens, Walker, 110.
iiicludens, W^alker, 125.
lata, Walker, 106.
mtiscosa, Walker, 248.
omista. Walker, 107.
plagiata. Walker, 110.
signata, Walker, 107.
lYDEX.
Orlhnra suhfasciata, Walker, 125.
suhglauca, Walker, 110.
velata, Walker, 109.
Orthosiid^, 35.
Ortospana, Walker, 154.
connectens. Walker, 154.
OBca, Walker, 267.
Osicerda, Walker, 475.
alienata. Walker, 47G.
Ostrims, Iliibn. 268.
Otiireis, Hiibu. 130.
ancilla, Cram. 132.
cajeta, Cram. 132.
P'lillonica, Linn. 131.
Hom(vna, Hiibn. 132.
Fumona, Hiibn. 131.
OxiRA, Walker, 23.
ocbracea, Wall-er, 23.
OxTODES, Guen. 140.
Cbjtia, Guen. 141.
serobiculata, Fahr. 141.
OxTDiiD.a;, 404.
OXTPTILUS, Zeller, 528.
anisoJactylus, Walker, 628.
OzoLA, Walker, 473.
microniaria, Walker, 474.
Pachyarches, Leilerer, 326.
bilaralis, Walker, 328.
poraonalis, Guen. 327.
psittacalis, Hiibn. 327.
Pachydia, Guen. 396.
cajjitata. Walker, 397.
i-c.i:ilUaria, Guen. 397.
Pachyzancla, Meyrick, 279.
basalis, Walker, 280.
miitualis, Zeller, 279.
Pailenia, trifasciata, Moore, 534.
Pacyda, Walker, 313.
salvalis, Walker, 314.
Paliga, Moore, 350.
Damastesalis, Walker, 350.
Palindiid^, 58.
Palvadj;, 438.
Panalipa, Moore, .386.
immeritalis, Walker, 387.
PanJala dolosa. Walker, 544.
Pandesma, Guen. 91.
Queuavadi, Guen. 91.
Panilla, Moore, 93.
dispila. Walker, 93,
PanthehidjE^ 470.
Pantura, Moore, 247.
Pantcra opbiusalis. Walker, 247.
Papilio Joplion, 533.
Pammon, 532.
Paracrama, Moore, 54.
dulcissima, Wall'er, 55.
Paraponyx, Hiibn. 301.
crisonalis. Walker, 302.
linealis, Gul-n. 302.
Totalis, Walker, 302.
Parotis, Hiibn. 326.
psittacalis, Iliibu. 327.
Pasira, Moore, 250.
biatomea, Mnoi-e, 250.
renalis, Moore, 250.
Pasipeda, Walker, 183.
hfemorrhoa, Guen. 183.
ruflpalpig, Walker, 183.
satellitia, Moore, 184.
Pasipeda, Moore, 162.
palwnba, Moore, 162.
Patissa, Moore, 388.
laetealis, Felder, 389.
Patula, Guen. 144.
macrop?, Linn. 145.
Pechipogon, Hiibu. 230.
Pelecyntis, Meyrick, 269.
absistalis, Walker, 270.
amyntusalis, Wall;cr, 270.
distorta, Moore, 270.
Pelena, Moore, 386.
unieolor, Moore, 386.
Pehpelia, Hiibn. 369.
adaptella, Walker, 357.
caatella, Walker, 309.
Penicillaeia, Guen. 61.
joeosatrix, Guen. 62.
uugatrix, Guen. 62.
resohUa, Walker, 65.
solida, Walker, 63.
Penthina, Treit. 494.
bryana, Felder, 494.
Perigea, Guen. 28.
canoriifa. Walker, 28.
centralis, Walker, 28.
dolorosa. Walker, 546.
illecta. Walker, 28.
leucospila, Walker, 27.
Perinephda ostentalis, Hiibn. 555.
Peronea, Curtis, 491.
Pessocosma, Meyrick, 308.
Peritalis, Walker, 309.
Petelia, H. Scbxffer, 396.
Petelia raedardaria, H. Scha'ff. 396.
Phacelliira, Lederer, 323.
Phakellura, Guildlng, 823.
Gazorialis, Guen. 324.
indica. Walker, 324.
Piialacra, Walker, 540.
metcajonaria. Walker, 541.
Vidhisaria, Walker, 541.
PhalcBna wsHiata, Fabr. 329.
angiLstalis, Fabr. 293.
caudata, Fabr. 400.
clelia. Cram. 395.
dentalis, Fabr. 555.
fascialis, Cram. 293.
fasciata, Fabr. 464.
kctata, Fabr. 437.
maryinata, Cram. 336.
7iigrella, Linn. 293.
opicata, Fabr. 462.
recurvalis, Fabr. 293.
sinuata, Fabr. 330.
strigata, Donov. 132.
■undalis, Fabr. 355.
Phalangiodes, Guen. 309.
negatalis. Walker, 353.
neptisalis, Guen. 310.
Phalangodes, Lederer, 309.
neptis, Lederer, 310.
Pharmacis, Hiibn. 467.
Phibalapterijx acuta. Walker, 474.
Philobia, Dup. 405.
PhlyctcKHia Thyralis, Hiibn. 329.
Phorodesma, Boisd. 433.
Phycidicera, Snellen, 343.
salebrialis, Snellen, 344.
Pliycis Zinekenella, Treit. 367.
Eliella, Treit. 367.
PHTCiTina;, 357.
Phyllodes, Boisd. 137.
maligera, Butler, 137.
Phyllodid^, 136.
PUYLLOPHILA, GueU. 55.
modesta, Moore, 55.
Pieris Zeuzippe, Cram. 532.
PiGiA, Guen. 401.
infantularia, Guen. 462.
Pinaciafulvidorsatis, Hiibn. 331.
PiNDARA, Moore, 169.
illibata, Fabr. 170.
Pindicitora, Walker, 377.
acreoncdis. Walker, 379.
annusalis. Walker, 378.
INDEX.
575
Pindicitora ThtjsJicsalif, Walker, 378.
Zeiixonlis, W.ilker, 37S.
PiNGASA, Moore, 419.
crenari.T,, Gik'h. 419.
leucostiijiiiaria, Nictner, 420.
uiinimiuia, Guen. 420.
Pin'jriisa, Walker, 24G.
accnralis, Walker, 246.
PiONEA, Guen. 34G.
brevialis. Walk,'); 347.
comalif, Guen. 348.
incoiiialis, Guen. 348.
PiTACANDA, Moore, 334.
spilosoraoides, Moore, 334.
PiTACOTA, MoorSj 46.
terminigera, Walker, 46.
Pifane rotundata, Snellen, 537.
Plataplecta, Butler, 5.
pruinosa, Moore, 5.
soluta, Butler, 5.
Platyuid.e, 215.
Platt.ia, lliihn. 200.
ummiuia, Cram. 201.
Platypeplus, Walsiugham. 49o.
aprobola, Meyrick, 495.
Plafyptilus arf/i/iiodacti/his, Walker,
527.
Plemypja, Hiibn. 486.
baccata, Guen. 486.
Pleonectusa, Lederer, 28G.
adh.-esalis. Walker, 287.
admixtalis, Walker, 287.
tabidalif, Lederer, 287.
Plesioneura spilothi/rug, 534.
Plotheia, Walker, 105, 550.
albi-vitta. Walker, 111.
albotecta. Walker, 109.
basifascia. Walker, 107, 551.
chloromella, Walker, 111, 249.
cinerasceup, Walker, 109.
coDcisa, Walker, 110.
frontalis. Walker, 106.
griseoviren-^, Moore, 108.
suttulosana. Walker, 107.
imprimeus, Walker, 110.
l.ativitta, Moore, 106.
licheuoides, Felder, 108.
orbicularis, Walker, 111.
plagiata. Walker, 110.
rudivitta. Walker, 111.
spurcata, Walker, 106, 551.
subglauca. Walker, 110.
I'l.OTnETA vclata, W(dker, 109.
Plusia, Hiibn. 69.
agens, Felder, 75.
agramma, Gxu'n. 72.
aurijera, Treits. 70.
cbry.«itina, Blartyn, 70.
di.=])elleiis, Walker, 73.
furcifera. Walker, 71.
impulsa. Walker, 74.
iiiclwaia, Walker, 72-
Kalitura, Felder, 73.
lectula, Wallier, 73.
limbirena. Walker, 72.
mutans, M^alker, 74.
nigriluna. Walker, 70.
obtusisigna, Walker, 71.
ochrcata, Walker, 72.
placida, Moore, 73.
signata, Fahr. 71 .
verticillata, Guen. 70.
Plcsiid.e, 68.
Plusiodes, Guen. 79.
Westermannii, Guen. 80.
Plusiodonta, Guen. 74.
cbalsytoides, Guen. 75.
Plutodes, Guen. 472.
transmutata. Walker, 472.
Poaphila concors. Walker, 251.
Poaphilid^, 187.
Pwcilia, Scbrauk, 2, 3.
Pogonitis, Sodoff 230.
Polia picta, Boisd. 21.
soluta, Walker, 5.
Polydesma, Boisd. 91.
hoarmoides, Guen. 92.
cruhescens, Walker, 92.
Polypogon, Sclirank, 230.
POLYTELA, Guen. 13.
gloriosa;, Guen. 13.
Poi.YTHLiPTA, Lederer, 310.
divaricata, Moore, 311.
maeralis, Lederer, 310.
POMASIA, Guen. 447.
memorata, AValker, 450.
psylariii, Guen. 448.
Sunandava, Walker, 449.
Porphyrin ia, Hiibn. 52, 54.
Potainophora, Guen. 138.
vianlia. Cram. 138.
Pradiota, Walker, 216.
ahrnptaria, Walkei', 395.
Pratapa Deva, Moore, 531.
Pkays, Hiibn. 505.
plagiferella. Walker, 505.
Prioneris Sita, 532.
Pkionia, Hiilin. 475.
Fciualida, Hiibn. 470.
violacearia, Guen. 476.
Peohi.epsis, Lederer, 538.
deliaria, Walker, 539.
extrusata, Walker, 539.
Prodenia, Guen. 18.
apertura, Walker; 20.
ciligera, Guen. 19.
declinata. Walker, 19.
glaucistriga, Walker, 19.
infecta. Walker, 19.
insignata, Walker, 19.
lertula. Walker, 73.
littoralis, Boisd. 19.
nubes, Guen. 19.
permunda. Walker, 19.
retina, Guen. 19.
subterminalis. Walker, 19.
testaceoides, Guen. 19.
venustula, Walkei-, 19.
PSEUDANGERONA, MoorC, 413.
separata. Walker, 414.
PSEUDASTHENA, Moore, 450.
dissimilis, Moore, 450.
grataria, Wa Iker, 451.
lunulosa, Moore, 450.
memorata, Walker, 450.
rhodinaria. Walker, 450.
PsEUDOMiCRONiA, Moore, 461.
fraterna, Moore, 461.
PsiJiADA, Walker, 1 70.
quadripennis. Walker, 171.
PTEEOPHORID.E, 526.
Pterophorus, Geoffroj, 528.
leucadactylus, Walker, 528.
Lienigiamis, Zeller, 528.
oxydactyUis, Walker, 528.
Pygospila, Guen. 328.
costijiej-nlis, Lederer, 329.
Tyres, Cram. 329.
Pyralid/E, 254.
Pyralis, Linn. 262.
cpgnusalis. Walker, 362.
braetiatella. Walker, 262.
decessalis. Walker, 265.
deciusalis, Walker, 297.
despectalis. Walker, 263.
Elaralis, Walker, 257.
576
INDEX.
I'yealis gerouteeali?, Walker, 263.
helvialis, Walker, 258.
ItybrUlalif, Iliibu. 356.
ignifiaalis, Walker, 261.
imbecilis, Moore, 264.
jiiniiisalis, Walker, 263.
miseralif, Walker, 263.
palesalis, Walker, 2G3.
ravolalis, IValker, 263.
thyralis, Walker, 257.
torridalip, Lederer, 264.
trimeronalis, Walker, 268.
Tyres, Cram. 329.
undalis, Hiibii. 355.
vitialis. Walker, 258.
IvACOTls, Moore, 418.
boarmiaria, Guen. 418.
Radinacra, Butler, 30.
placida, Moore, 30.
renalis, Moore, 30.
thoracica, Moore, 31.
Ramadasa, Moore, 44.
Pavo, Walker, 45.
Ramhara, Moore, 458.
sapouaria, Guen. 459.
Ramila, Moore, 389.
acciusalis, Walker, 389.
J'lAVANoA, Moore, 284.
bilineolalis. Walker, 284.
ci'eonalii'. Walker, 284.
Rehimena, Walker, 289.
iucisalis. Walker, 290.
Pbryneali?, Walker, 290.
Pliyeidali.s Walker, 291.
subjanctalis, Walker, 290.
Remigia, Gueu. 189, 190.
iifasciata, Walker, 191.
colligens. Walker, 162.
comituta. Walker, 94.
frugalis, Fabr. 190.
optativa. Walker, 94.
optatura, Walker, 94.
])erJidiosa, Walker, 95.
pertendens. Walker, 95.
translata, Walker, 190.
Remigiid^e, 189.
Remodes, Guen. 483.
hiruJinata, Guen. 484.
iiigripalpata, Watker, 484.
proboseiilaria. Walker, 484.
remodesaria, Walker, 484.
triseriata, Moore, 485.
Roangena, Moore, 375.
roseipenuis, Moore, 376.
niiodaria, Guen. 268.
imbutalis. Walker, 268.
RnoDONEORA, Guen. 267.
deuticulosa, Moore, 267.
Rhttia, Hiibn. 135.
Hj'permnestra, Hiibn. 135.
materna, Hiibu. 133.
RisoBA, Moore, 1.
ba^alis, Moore, 546.
obstructa, Moore, 2.
repugnans, Moore, 1.
RivDLA, Guen. 253.
bioculali?, Moore, 253.
RusiCADA, Walker, 86.
iconica. Walker, 87.
nigritarsis. Walker, 86.
Sabaria, Walker, 397.
contractaria, ]\'alker, 397.
Sacatia lantalella, Walker, 263.
Salbia medinalis, Guen. 281.
Salebria, Ragonot, 360.
ininutella, Ragonot, 361.
undulatella, Walker, 360.
Samea, Guen. 274.
dives, Butler, 275.
gratiosalis. Walker, 274.
rhodophilalis. Walker, 275.
roridalis, Walker, 275.
sidealis, Walker, 307.
vespcrtinalis, Saalra. 307.
Sameodes, Snellen, 307.
Pipleisalia, Walker; 307.
trithyralis, Snellen, 307.
Sants, Hiibn. 205.
rivulosa. Walker, 205.
Sarrothripa, Felder, 104.
indica, Felder, 104.
Sasdnaga, Moore, 15.
tenebrosa, Moore, 16.
Sauris, Guen. 483.
hirudinata, Guen. 484.
niijripalpata. Walker, 484.
proboscidaria. Walker, 484.
remodesaria, Walker, 484.
Scardamia, Guen. 3U1.
metallaria, Guen. 391.
taprohanes, Felder, 391.
Schcenobius, Dup. 384.
bipunctifera. Walker, 385.
minutellus, Zeller, 386.
Si-haenobius punctellus, Zeller, 385.
Sciaphila, Treit. 494.
Jlexilincana, Walker, 494.
Scirpophaga, Treit. 387.
auriflua, Zeller, 387.
SCOPARIA, Hawortb, 354.
alconalis. Walker, 355.
cougestalis. Walker, 354.
murifiealis, Walker, 355.
optatusalis. Walker, 355.
Scapula, Guen. 348.
Damastesalis, Walker, 350.
eximialis. Walker, 349.
Hypatialis, Walker, 349.
machceralis, Walkei-, 349.
mandronalis, Walker, 349.
subjectalis, Walker, 352.
suffusalis. Walker, 350.
Selenis divisa, Walker, 210.
irrecta. Walker, 209.
multiguttata. Walker, 210.
niviapex. Walker, 209.
semilax. Walker, 210.
Selepa, Moore, 102.
celtis, Moore, 103.
strigifera, Moore, 103, 550.
Semioceros, Meyrick, 273.
Semiothisa, Hiibn. 464, 465.
Seneratia, Moore, 202.
pr»cipua. Walker, 203.
Senta, Stephens, 11.
cramboides, Moore, 12.
Sekicia, Guen. 144.
anops, Guen. 144.
parvipennis. Walker, 143.
Serkaca, Moure, 416.
transeissa, Walker, 416.
Serrodes, Guen. 166.
campana, Guen. 166.
Sesamia, Guen. 7.
iufereuf, Walker, 8.
SiMAETiiis, Leach, 497.
Buthusalis, Walker, 497.
elatella. Walker, 497.
taprohanes, Zeller, 497.
Simyra, Ochs. 8.
Siriocauta, Lederer, 298.
testulalis, Lederer, 298.
SoMATiNA, Gueii. 539.
purpurascens, Moore, 540.
SoNAGARA, Moore, 206.
geitaria. Walker, 206.
TSDEX.
Soplironia, Diip. 232.
Spanista, Lederer, 297.
ornatalis, Dup. 297.
Si'EiREDONiA, Hiibn. lJt2.
conspicua, Felder, 142.
Feducia, Stoll, 143.
Helicina, Hiibn. loO.
retrahens, Walker, 142.
Zamis, Stoll, 143.
Sphecodes, Hiibn. 462.
Si'UlNGOMORPHA, Guen. 155.
Chlorea, Cram. 157.
Sipyla, Guen. l.">7.
Spilomela caberalif, Guen. 312.
rectinalis, Lederer, 316.
SriKAiiA, Guen. 149.
cnha^reus, iVnllir, 149.
Helicina, Hulni. 150.
Spodopterajilmin, Guen. 19.
nuhes, Guen. 19.
Spohdea, Guen. 293.
recurvalis, Guen. 293.
Stegania, Guen. 463.
nigrarenaria, Walker, 463.
Ste.gunolophia, Stepb. 487.
Steiria, Walker, 120.
svbobli'qua. Walker, 121.
traj/'ciens. Walker, 122.
variabilis, Moore, 120.
SxEMMAToi-noRA, Guen. 260.
castauoptera, Moore, 260.
vibicalis, Lederer, 260.
vulsalis, WaK-er, 260.
Stonia ornatalis, Gueu. 297.
Pipleisalis, Walker, 307.
testulalis, Guen. 298.
Stenopteryx, Guen. 356.
hjhridalis, Guen. 356.
Stennrges, Lederer, 555.
ostentalis, Lederer, 555.
Stebicta, Lederer, 257.
divitali.s, Gw'ii. 258.
heliralis, Walker, 258.
Stictoptera, Guen. 120.
subobliqua. Walker, 121.
trajiciens, Walker, 122
variabilis, Moore, 120.
robisia, Clemens, 518.
aurantiaca, Walsirigham, 518.
Strophidi.\, Hiibn. 459.
fasciata, Cram. 4C0.
candaria, Hiibn. 460.
VOL. III.
Subrita curviferella, Walker, 103.
Surattha, Walker, 377.
acreonalls, Walker, 379.
annusalis, Walker, 378.
invectali.s, Walker, 37?-.
Zeuxoalis, Walker, 378.
Syllythria, Hiibn. 268.
imbutalis. Walker, 268.
.Symitiia, Walker, 104.
iiidica, Felder, 104.
Si-MPis, Guen. 201.
rufibasi.s, Gm'n. 202.
sithunila, Guen. 201.
Synci.era, Lederer, 315.
Braurealis, Walker, 316.
caesalis, Walker, 316.
mukilinealis, Gum. 315.
traducalis, Zeller, 316.
Syneoia, Guen. 446.
imitaria. Walker, 416.
Syngamia, Walker, 271.
octavialis. Walker, 271.
Sypna lugens. Walker, 165.
Talanga, Moore, 300.
sexpunctata, Moore, 301.
Tamraca, Moore, 554.
torridalis, Lederer, 554.
Tarache, Hiibn. 46.
tropica, Guen. 47.
signifera. Walker, 47.
olivea, Guen. 47.
inda, Felder, 48.
destituta, Walker, 48.
Taramina, Moore, 153.
torsa, Gum. 153.
Targalla, Walker, 63.
bifacies, Walker, 64
inflda. Walker, 63.
repleta, Walker, 64.
resoluta. Walker, 65.
solida, Walker, 63.
Taula, Walker, 376.
Telinin, Hiibn. 17.
Tephrina, Guen. 470.
cacavena. Walker, 471.
falsaria. Walker, 471.
modesta, Moore, 471.
Pulinda, Walker, 471.
Teras, Treit. 491.
divisana. Walker, 491.
extensana, M'alker, 492.
Terias Templetonii, Butler, 531.
Ti;itPNOMiCTA, Lederer, 463.
nigrarenaria, Walker, 463.
T II AGORA, Walker, 491.
tlgurana. Walker, 491.
rilALASSODE.S, GueU. 426.
albannularia, Walker, 429.
ccelataria. Walker, 437.
clilorozonaria, Walker, 427.
disserta. Walker, 427.
(lis.sita. Walker, 426.
immi-saria. Walker, 426.
leucospilola, Moore, 427.
iKinda, Walker, 427.
rubrolimbataria, Gw'i). 427.
simpliciaria. Walker, 427.
Thalatta, Walker, 87.
albiorbis, Moore, 87.
modesta, Moore, 87.
Thalera, Hubn. 428.
acutissinia. Walker, 428.
albannularia, Wcdker, 429.
coftipunctata, Moore, 428.
di.yuncta, Widker, 429.
flavifusata. Walker, 428.
lassaria, Walker, 429.
meritaria, Walker, 429.
Thcdpochares, Lederer, 52, 54.
adulans, Felder, 53.
divisa, Moore, 53.
TiiALPOPHiLA, Hiibn. 24.
delineata, Moore, 25.
Theoxenia, Walsingham, 506.
peuicillata, Wal.siiujliam, 506.
Thermesia ceylonica. Walker, 210.
consueta. Walker, 204.
prmcipjua. Walker, 203.
reticulata. Walker, 206.
rivulosa. Walker, 205.
rubricans, Guen. 204.
scifula. Walker, 207, 213.
signipialpis. Walker, 203.
sohita. Walker, 193.
transdueta. Walker, 204.
Thermesiid.e, 200.
Thria, Walker, 91.
Thyas, Hiibn. 157.
coronata, Fabr. 158.
honesta, Hiibn. 158.
Thyatira repugnans. Walker, 1.
Timandra, Dup. 457.
Ajaia, Walker, 406.
aventiaria, Guen. 458.
4 E
;),8
IXDEX.
Timau'lra, coitvedaria, Walker, 4.37.
coinptaria, Walker, 457.
i^erpentinaria, Walker, 47.'').
TiMYUA, Walker, .521.
ciiifjaleiisif', Wahingham, .522.
plij-i-i.-ella, ^'alker, o'l'l.
■J'lNEA, Liui). 499.
amaiKlatella, Wnller, .501.
areiiatclla, ]\'alker, 502.
<-i;enel]a. Walker, 502.
tlssella. Walker, 501.
frlabrella, Walker, 500.
iuiprcssclla, Walker, 500.
iiiconcisolla. Walker, 501.
knigella, Walker, 503.
parvuleJla, Walker, 501.
pellionclla, Linn, 500.
receptella, Walker, .500, .502.
sociclla, Hiilm. 375.
tapetzella, Linn. 499.
TiNEID.B, 498.
TiNOLlIDiE, 184.
Ti.\i:ir,ius, Walker, 184.
ebiirDeigiitta, Walker 185,
Tipmura bipunctijera. Walker, 385,
TiPASA, Walker, 522.
basaliella. Walker, .523.
TiTHA, Walker, 516.
inorella, Walaingham, ,517.
tinetella, Walsinghain, 517.
TiUACOi-A, Moore, 33.
plagiata, Walker, 34.
Tiridalu colligula. Walker, 85.
TORTKlClDyE, 491.
ToRTRTX, Liiiii. 493.
affinisaiia, Walker, 493.
eoH'earla, Nietntr, 494.
(letraelaua. Walker, 493.
iuvarnlana, Walker, 493.
ToRTRlx iisillana, WaJkcr, 493.
Tospitis punclana. Walker, 536.
Toxocampa, Gueii. 89.
dorsiyera. Walker, 90.
nietaspila, Walker, 89.
qiiinqiulinea, Walker, S'J.
sexlinea. Walker, 90.
Toxocampidee , Giien. 88.
Trachea, Ochs. 36.
auripleua. Walker, 37.
Triijonia, Guen. 215.
Cydonialis, Guen. 216.
Trigonodes, Gnun. 185.
IIypp.asia, Cram. 185.
TvsPANA, Moore, 256.
vitessoules, ]\fnore, 256.
Udea, Guen, 348.
e.'cimialis, Walker, 349.
Hypatialis, Walker, 349.
machosralis, Walkev, 349.
uiandronalis, ]Valker, 349.
sntfusalis, Walker, 350.
Uip.ni, Walker, 521.
Perionella, Walker, 522.
Vai'Aea, Moore, 119.
indistincta, Moore, 120.
Varnia, Walker, 66.
inrerta, Walker, 554.
taprobana, Moore, 67.
ViTEssA, Moore, 255.
Rama, Moore, 256.
VVestermannia, Hiibii. 79.
superba, Htlhn. 80.
Xanlhodeg, Guen. 41.
diffum, Walker, 49.
intersepta, Guen. 42.
transversa, Guen. 42.
A'l/lina dejlexa. Walker, 39.
inchouns. Walker, 40.
Xylinid.f., 39.
Xylopoda, Latr. 497.
Yponomeuta, Latr. 504.
alienellus, Walker, 504.
Zamarada, Moore, 432.
translucida, Moore, 432.
Zanclopteri/x, Guen. 458.
snponaria, Guen. 459.
Zchronia ahdicalis. Walker, 312.
acumasalis. Walker, 317.
amoMalis, Walker, 311.
aureolinealis. Walker, 311.
hilineolaUs, Walker, 284.
Bra'urecdii', Walker, 316.
cahiralis. Walker, 312.
cassusalis. Walker, 311.
decussalis. Walker, 305.
lactiferalls. Walker, 313.
perspicualis, Walker, 317.
salomealis, Walker, 315.
Zeiieba, Moore, 468.
marginata, Walker, 469.
Zerene, 476.
Zerenidce, 476.
Zethes, Eambur, 191.
decolor, Walker, 192.
soluta, Wedker, 193.
lineifura, ir(///.cr, 192.
lisurpataliji, Walker, 193.
cristifera, Wedker, 193.
renali,", Moore, 194,
sondaieus, Snellen, 192,
Zinckenia, Zeller, 293.
recurvalis, Zeller, 293.
ZoMiA, Moore, 475.
serpeiitinaria. Walker, 475.
Zonosorna, Lederer, 441.
penduleiria, Lederer, 442.
THE END.
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